WO2001024694A1 - Instrument de mesure de la graisse corporelle - Google Patents
Instrument de mesure de la graisse corporelle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001024694A1 WO2001024694A1 PCT/JP2000/006816 JP0006816W WO0124694A1 WO 2001024694 A1 WO2001024694 A1 WO 2001024694A1 JP 0006816 W JP0006816 W JP 0006816W WO 0124694 A1 WO0124694 A1 WO 0124694A1
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- Prior art keywords
- impedance
- electrodes
- value
- measurement
- tissue impedance
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4869—Determining body composition
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
- A61B5/0537—Measuring body composition by impedance, e.g. tissue hydration or fat content
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4869—Determining body composition
- A61B5/4872—Body fat
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a body fat measuring device for measuring a fat amount in a human body.
- the body tissue of the human body is composed of muscle, bone, fat, etc., and the impedance value differs when there are many fat components and when there are many muscle components.
- the impedance increases as the fat component increases, and the amount of water increases It has the characteristic that the impedance decreases as the content of the component increases.
- electrodes are placed on the skin surface at the end of the body, such as the fingertips of the right and left limbs, the soles of the feet, and a few From 10 to 10 OKH z, an AC current or voltage with a frequency of about 10 Hz is applied to measure the impedance of the body tissue sandwiched between the body ends, and the obtained impedance value and personal data such as age, gender, height, etc.
- the method of calculating the amount of body fat from the evening is adopted.
- FIG. 9 shows a measurement principle diagram (a) of a tissue impedance in a body fat measuring device using a conventional two-terminal method and a circuit diagram (b) illustrating the measurement principle.
- This body fat measuring device 100 is configured by arranging two electrodes 101a and 101b on the upper surface. These two electrodes 101a and 101b are connected to a constant current circuit 102, and when the subject steps on the electrodes 101a and 101b one by one, the constant current circuit 1 From 02, a constant current Ic is supplied to the subject.
- the constant current circuit 102 has an operational amplifier 103 that outputs a constant current Ic, and a known value Rs that controls the circuit so that the constant current Ic is output from the operational amplifier 103. It consists of a reference resistor 104.
- the electrodes 101a and 101b are connected to a voltage measuring circuit 1
- the constant current is connected by the voltage measurement circuit 105
- the voltage V generated between the electrodes 101a and 101b is measured.
- the voltage measurement circuit 105 calculates the voltage V generated between the electrodes 101a and 10lb based on the voltage signals obtained from the electrodes 101a and 101b. It comprises an amplifier 106, input resistors 107 a and 107 b of the operational amplifier 106 and a resistor 108 of a negative feedback circuit.
- the impedance between the body ends is Zo
- the contact impedance between the electrodes 101a and 10lb and the skin surface of the subject's foot is RX1
- RY1 the following relationship is established among these impedances Zo, RX1, RY1, constant current Ic, and voltage V.
- the amount of fat in the body is calculated. It can be calculated.
- the impedance between the body ends Zo is a combination of the impedance around the body end and the impedance around the body.
- FIG. 10 shows a measurement principle diagram (a) of the body tissue impedance in the body fat measurement device using the four-terminal method, and a circuit diagram (b) illustrating the measurement principle.
- the body fat measuring device 110 four electrodes llla, 111b, 112a, and 112b are arranged on the upper surface, and the subject can use one electrode with one leg. Steps 1a and 112a are performed, and the other foot is used to step on electrodes 11b and 112b.
- the electrodes 1 1 1 1 a and 1 1 1 b are connected to a constant current circuit 1 1 3, and when the subject steps on the electrodes 1 1 1 a and 1 1 1 b one by one, the constant current circuit From 113, a constant current Id is supplied to the subject.
- the electrodes 1 1 2a and 1 1 2b are connected to a voltage measuring circuit 1 1 4 and are connected between the electrodes 1 1 2a and 1 1 2b while the constant current I d is applied.
- the generated voltage V is measured.
- the constant current circuit 113 includes an operational amplifier 115 that outputs a constant current Id, and a known amplifier that controls the circuit so that the constant current Id is output from the operational amplifier 115. And a reference resistor 1 16 having a value R s.
- the voltage measuring circuit 1 14 outputs the voltage V generated between the electrodes 1 1 2 a and 1 1 2 b based on the voltage signals obtained from the electrodes 1 1 2 a and 1 1 2 b. It comprises an operational amplifier 1 17, input resistors 1 18 a and 1 18 b of the operational amplifier 1 17, and a resistor 1 19 of a negative feedback circuit.
- the impedance of the body tissue to be measured is defined as Z i
- the electrodes 11 1 a, 11 1 b, 11 2 a, 11 12 b and the subject's Assuming that the contact impedance with the skin surface of the foot is RX1, RY1, RX2, and RY2, respectively, the input resistance of the operational amplifier 117 and the resistance value of 118a and 118b are calculated as the contact impedance.
- the constant current Id supplied between the electrodes 11a and 1111 does not flow into the operational amplifier 117, and Even if the contact impedances RX 2 and RY 2 change, it does not affect the amplification factor of the operational amplifier 117. Therefore, the voltage generated by the voltage measurement circuit 114 between the virtual intersection points P and Q in the body, that is, the voltage generated at both ends of the body tissue impedance Z i from which the contact impedance and the tissue impedance around the body end are removed. The measured voltage V can be measured.
- the equation Zi V / Id is calculated to affect the contact impedance and the tissue impedance around the body end. It is possible to obtain the body tissue impedance Z i that is not performed. Regarding the tissue impedance around the body end, especially when the tissue contains joints, the tissue impedance around the body end is excluded during measurement because the joint has a large impedance value regardless of the body fat of the subject. Need to be measured.
- the body tissue impedance Z i found in this way and the body fat It is possible to calculate the amount of fat in the body by performing calculations using the subject's personal data such as age, gender, and height input to the fat measuring device 110.
- FIG. 11 shows a measurement principle diagram of the visceral tissue impedance Z j in the body fat measuring device according to the prior art.
- the sum is adhered in pairs their respective both hands both feet of the subject eight electrodes E 2, E 3, ⁇ 4 , ⁇ 5, ⁇ 6, ⁇ 7, ⁇ 8 is provided, one electrode E had E 3, E 5, E 7 is connected to the constant current circuit, the other electrode ⁇ 2, ⁇ 4, ⁇ 6 , ⁇ 8 is connected to a voltage measuring circuit .
- the constant current circuit and the voltage measurement circuit have the same configuration as those of the body fat measurement devices 100 and 110 using the two-terminal method and the four-terminal method described above.
- In vivo fat measuring device 1 2 0 which is constructed as described above, 1 Z by measuring the voltage between the electrodes E 2 and the electrode E 4 by applying a current between the electrode E i and the electrode E 3 !
- Z 2 is measured, likewise by measuring the voltage between the electrodes E 6 and the electrode E 8 by applying a current between the electrodes E 5 and the electrode E 7 of 2 Z 4 + Z 5 value is measured, 3 Z j + Z j + value of Z 4 is measured by the voltage measuring a between the electrode E 2 and the electrode E 6 by applying a current between the electrode E i and the electrode E 5 is the value of @Z 2 + Z j + Z 5 by voltage measuring between electrode E 4 and the electrode E 8 applies a current is measured between the electrodes E 3 and the electrode E 7.
- the visceral tissue impedance Z j is obtained by calculating the equation (3104 (1 + 2)) / 2 based on these measurement results. Then, the fat content in the body is calculated using the visceral tissue impedance Z j.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-49050 discloses that the impedance between the body ends, which is a combination of the body tissue impedance and the tissue impedance around the body end, is measured. There is disclosed a body fat measuring device that calculates the body fat amount by calculating the amount of body fat in person.
- the tissue impedance around the body terminal is determined based on the contact impedance between both feet of the subject and the total impedance existing between the body terminals. Since the voltage generated in the body tissue excluding the body is measured, the operational amplifiers 1 17 constituting the voltage measuring circuit 1 13 and the input resistances 1 1 8 a and 1 1 of this operational amplifier 1 1 7 8b and the resistor 119 of the negative feedback circuit are required, which leads to a problem that the device configuration is large and the number of wirings and circuits is increased, so that cost increase cannot be avoided.
- a pair (two) of electrodes is provided at one measurement point in order to measure the body tissue impedance Z i from between two points on the body. (Four electrodes in total) are required, and wiring and various circuits are connected to each electrode. Therefore, there is a problem that the device configuration is large and the cost is high.
- the sum of the contact impedances RX1 and RY1 is sufficiently smaller than the body-to-end impedance Z0. It is assumed that the impedance Z o between the body ends including the contact impedances RX 1 and RY 1 is determined on the assumption that The presence of different moisture and other deposits causes the contact impedances RX 1 and RY 1 to change in large and small values, resulting in a stable and accurate end-to-end impedance Z. There is a problem that it is difficult to find o.
- the body end impedance Z o includes the tissue impedance around the body end, and this value may have a large impedance value regardless of the body fat mass of the subject. Therefore, there is a problem that an accurate measurement of the amount of fat in the body cannot be performed.
- the body fat measuring device 120 for measuring the visceral tissue impedance Zj shown in FIG. 11 described above a total of eight electrodes are required, two on each of both hands and feet, so that the wiring, There is a problem that the number of circuits is large, the device configuration is large, and the cost is high.
- many electrodes facing each other across the body are arranged, and the voltage is measured between the opposed electrodes. Since one pair of electrodes is required for each measurement point, it is necessary to dispose a very large number of electrodes, and the number of wirings and circuits increases, resulting in high costs.
- the body-end impedance including body impedance around the body end having a large value regardless of the amount of body fat is measured. Since the body fat mass is measured using the body-to-body impedance, there is a problem that it is difficult to obtain an accurate body fat mass.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve such a problem, and has a very simple configuration, and has a contact impedance generated between each electrode and a skin surface of a subject and a tissue impedance at a terminal part of a body. It is an object of the present invention to provide a body fat measuring device that can accurately measure the body tissue impedance excluding dance and thereby measure the amount of fat in the body with high accuracy. It is the purpose. Disclosure of the invention
- a body fat measuring device comprises a body fat measuring device for measuring a fat amount in a body
- the electrodes connected to the power supply circuit are connected so that there is a contact impedance between the electrodes and a tissue impedance around the body end, or a contact impedance and a tissue impedance around the body end between the electrodes. Switch so that the dance and the body tissue impedance exist.
- impedance measuring means for measuring the value of the combination of
- one or more electrodes are contacted at a plurality of locations on the body surface, respectively, and the impedance and impedance values of the contact impedance and the tissue impedance around the body end and the contact impedance are measured.
- the impedance value, the tissue impedance around the body end and the body tissue impedance are measured, and only the body tissue impedance value is calculated by the calculating means using the measured values.
- personal data age, gender, height, etc.
- body fat mass body fat percentage
- impedance measurement is performed by changing the combination of electrodes to which current or voltage is applied, and the effects of contact impedance and tissue impedance around the body end can be completely removed by calculation. It is possible to calculate a highly accurate body tissue impedance value reflecting the body fat mass of the subject, and finally, the body fat mass. Further, since an electrode and a voltage measurement circuit for measuring a voltage generated in the body are not required, the configuration of the device can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.
- the electrodes are brought into contact with one and the other on one side of the body surface sandwiching the body tissue impedance to be measured, and the pair of electrodes on one and the other are brought close to each other, and the impedance is reduced.
- a power supply circuit is connected to each pair of electrodes in the one or the other by the measuring means, and a value of a combination of a contact impedance between the electrodes and a tissue impedance around the body end is measured.
- the power supply circuit is connected to each of the electrodes on one and the other side, and a value of a combination of a contact impedance between the electrodes, a tissue impedance around the body end and a body tissue impedance is measured, It is configured such that the body tissue impedance value is calculated by the calculation means based on the measured values. It is preferred.
- the two electrodes are in contact with one of the body surfaces sandwiching the in-vivo tissue impedance to be measured, and one is in contact with the other, and the two electrodes in contact with the one are brought close to each other,
- the power measuring circuit is connected to the two electrodes on the one side by the dance measuring means, and the value of the combination of the contact impedance between the electrodes and the tissue impedance around the body end is measured.
- the power supply circuit is connected to one of the electrodes and the other electrode, and the value of the combination of the contact impedance between the electrodes, the tissue impedance around the body end, and the body tissue impedance is obtained. It is also possible to configure such that the body tissue impedance value is measured by the calculating means based on the measured values.
- the required number of electrodes can be minimized as compared to the conventional body fat measuring device using the four-terminal method, and the effects of contact impedance and tissue impedance around the body end can be reduced. This has the effect that the body tissue impedance value can be calculated after complete removal.
- each of the electrodes is in contact with each of the peripheral surfaces of both hands and feet, and a power supply circuit is connected to the electrodes that are in contact with one hand and the electrodes that are in contact with one foot by the impedance measuring means. Then, the value of the combination of the contact impedance between the electrodes, the arm tissue impedance, the leg tissue impedance, and the visceral tissue impedance is measured, and the power supply circuit is connected to the electrodes contacted with both hands. The value of the combination of the contact impedance between these electrodes and the arm tissue impedance is measured, and the power circuit is connected to the electrodes that are in contact with both feet, and the contact impedance between those electrodes is measured. And a leg tissue impedance are measured, and a visceral tissue impedance value is calculated by the calculating means based on the measured values. There preferable.
- the visceral tissue impedance which previously required eight electrodes, can be measured with four electrodes, which leads to a reduction in the number of wires and circuits.
- the configuration can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.
- the body weight value which is the data required when calculating the body fat mass using the body tissue impedance, can be simultaneously measured, and the accuracy of the finally obtained body fat mass is improved. be able to.
- the impedance measurement means measures the impedance between the electrodes in parallel with the weight measurement during the transient state of the weight change by the weight measurement means.
- the weight measurement means is in an oscillating state, but accurate impedance measurement is possible, so accurate
- the impedance measurement can be performed using the time required until the weight value is obtained, so that the time required for measurement can be shortened, and the weight value (weight value) and the amount of fat in the body can be measured efficiently. can do.
- the impedance measuring means measures the impedance between the electrodes in parallel with the weight measurement by the weight measuring means. Is preferably performed. By doing so, the impedance measurement between the electrodes can be performed by the impedance measuring means using the time until the transient state of the weight value by the weight measuring means is stabilized. The number of cycles required for the measurement, in other words, the time Even so, there is no time effect on measuring body fat at the same time as body weight.
- the measurement of the impedance between the electrodes by the impedance measuring means is stopped when the fluctuation range of the weight value by the weight measuring means is small and in a stable state. Normally, by the time the weight value becomes stable, acquisition of the measurement values necessary for calculating the body tissue impedance has been completed, and when the weight value has stabilized, the impedance measurement between the electrodes is stopped and the measurement is stopped. The body impedance is calculated based on the value, and the body fat amount can be output simultaneously with the weight value. In this way, the impedance between the electrodes is measured until the weight value becomes stable, and the body tissue impedance can be calculated using the latest measured value. The degree can be improved.
- the impedance measurement by the impedance measuring means is stopped, and only the weight measurement is performed. Is preferred. By continuously measuring the weight in this manner, it is possible to always detect whether the weight value is in a stable state or in an unstable state.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram (a) of a body tissue impedance measurement circuit of a body fat measurement device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and a diagram (b) illustrating a state in which a subject steps on an electrode.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the arithmetic and control unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an arithmetic and control unit to which a weight measurement circuit is added.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a measurement sequence of body fat and body weight.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram (a) of a body tissue impedance measurement circuit of a body fat measurement device according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and an explanatory diagram (b) illustrating a state where a subject steps on an electrode.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of the body tissue impedance measurement of the body fat measurement device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram (a) of a body tissue impedance measurement circuit of a body fat measurement device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and an explanatory diagram (b) illustrating tissue impedance in the body.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram illustrating another embodiment of the first to third embodiments.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram (a) of the measurement principle of body tissue impedance in a conventional body fat measuring device and a circuit diagram (b) illustrating the measurement principle.
- FIG. 10 shows a measurement principle diagram (a) of a body tissue impedance in a conventional body fat measurement device and a circuit diagram (b) illustrating the measurement principle.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the principle of measuring the visceral tissue impedance in a conventional body fat measuring device.
- BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION a specific embodiment of a body fat measurement device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- FIG. 1 (a) shows a circuit diagram of a body tissue impedance measurement of the body fat measurement device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 (b) is a diagram illustrating a state in which the subject steps on the electrodes 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B, respectively.
- the electrodes 2B, 2A, 3A, and 3B are respectively connected to a constant current circuit (a power supply circuit according to the present invention) via an analog switch 4 (4a; 4b, 4c; 4d, 4e; 4f). Is connected to 5).
- the constant current circuit 5 is connected to an operational amplifier 6 which receives a voltage signal V from a non-inverting input terminal and outputs a constant current I and outputs a constant current I.
- the reference resistor 7 limits the circuit current so that the current I is output.
- the reference resistor 7 has a stable known value R s for setting the constant current I.
- the electrodes 2A, 3A, 3B are connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier 6 via analog switches 4c, 4e, 4f, respectively. Further, the electrodes 2B, 2A, 3A are connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 6 via analog switches 4a, 4, 4d, respectively. I have. Further, the output terminal of the operational amplifier 6 is connected to an operation control device 8 to be described later. In the operation control device 8, the output voltage V (V i Va) from the operational amplifier 6 is stored, and Voltage V (V The body tissue impedance Z i is calculated based on FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a specific configuration of the arithmetic and control unit 8.
- the arithmetic and control unit 8 is connected to an output terminal of the operational amplifier 6, and a rectifier circuit 9 for converting an AC voltage signal (several ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) output from the operational amplifier 6 into a DC.
- An AZD converter 11 connected to the circuit 9 for smoothing a DC voltage signal and an AZD converter 11 connected to the mouth-pass filter 10 for digitizing an analog signal.
- the I / O circuit 12 receives the digital signal from the converter 11.
- the 1-node circuit 12 calculates the amount of fat in the body of the subject based on various data, and the personal data of the subject.
- a key switch 14 for inputting (age, height, weight, gender) and a display 15 for displaying the amount of body fat (body fat percentage) are connected to each other.
- the CPU 13 is connected to a ROMZRAM memory (hereinafter, referred to as a memory) 16 for storing various data.
- a ROMZRAM memory hereinafter, referred to as a memory 16 for storing various data.
- the arithmetic and control unit 8 of the present embodiment corresponds to the impedance measuring means of the present invention
- the CPU 13 of the present embodiment corresponds to the calculating means of the present invention.
- the CPU 13 calculates the body tissue impedance Z i based on the output voltages V i to V 4 output from the operational amplifier 6, and calculates the calculated body tissue impedance Z i and the key switch 1. Calculate the body fat mass (body fat percentage) based on the personal data input from 4.
- the CPU 13 is configured to output ON / OFF control signals for the analog switches 4a to 4f to the analog switches 4a to 4f through an IZO circuit 12.
- the analog switches are sequentially switched by the output signals of the CPU 13 4 a to 4 f are switched, and the output voltage from the operational amplifier 6 is input to the arithmetic and control unit 8.
- the ⁇ ⁇ OFF control of the analog switches 4 a to 4 f and the output voltages Vi to V 4 will be described.
- the body tissue impedance Z i can be obtained by removing the tissue impedance at the body end from the contact impedance and the impedance between the body ends.
- the amount of fat in the body is obtained by a known calculation method based on the body tissue impedance Z i and the personal data input in advance.
- the fat content (and body fat percentage) in the body is displayed on the display unit 15 via the I 1 circuit 12 and transmitted to the subject.
- the contact impedance is stable except for the contact impedances R 2 A , R 2 B , Ra A. R 3 B and the tissue impedance around the body end Z 2 A , Z 3 A-Z 2 B , Z 3 B. Since only the accurate body tissue impedance Z i obtained is obtained, the amount of fat in the body (and the percentage of body fat) can be finally measured with high accuracy.
- the internal tissue impedance Z i is obtained based on the output voltage V i V of the operational amplifier 6, the voltage measurement circuit conventionally required is unnecessary, and the device configuration is simplified. Cost can be reduced.
- the arithmetic and control unit 8 is configured to be able to measure only the amount of fat in the body.
- the analog switch 17a is installed in the analog switch 17a, and the analog switch 17b is placed after the analog switch 17a.
- a weight measuring circuit (corresponding to the weight measuring means in the present invention) 18 may be connected to the apparatus so that the body weight can be measured simultaneously with the amount of fat in the body. In this case, it is not necessary to input a weight value as personal data by the key switch 14. In the example shown in FIG.
- the weight measurement circuit 18 includes a weight sensor (load cell in this embodiment) 19 A, an operational amplifier 19 B, and a low-pass filter 19 C for weight measurement. It is configured to be provided. That is, the output signal of the weight sensor 19A is amplified by the operational amplifier 19B, smoothed through the weight measurement mouth-to-pass filter 19C, and the AZD converter 11 and the I ZO circuit It is input to CPU 13 via 1 2.
- the CPU 13 has a weight change boundary value Wa for determining that the weight value is in a stable state, a weight change boundary value Wb for determining that the weight value is in an unstable state, , Wb> Wa) and the minimum weight value Wc for displaying the body fat percentage is set respectively.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a sequence of measuring body fat and body weight by the arithmetic and control unit 8 ′.
- the CPU 13 in the arithmetic and control unit 8 ′ turns on the display 15, the AZD converter 11, and the analog switches 17 a, 17 b, 4 a to 4 f.
- ⁇ FF control is executed.
- the measurement sequence consists of the display contents displayed on the display 15 in order from the top, the sampling period of the AZD converter 11, the state of the analog switches 17b, 17a, and 4a to 4f. Respectively.
- the symbol W (Wi to W 9 ) in FIG. 4 represents the period during which the AZD converter 11 samples the weight signal. Further, the symbol I (I i ⁇ I 4) represent a cycle AZD converter 1 1 is sampling the output voltage signal (V i ⁇ V 4) from the operational amplifier 6.
- the output signal (analog weight value) of the weight sensor 19 A is The AZD is converted through the width meter 19 B and the low-pass filter 19 C for weight and input to the 1-node circuit 12 .
- the difference between the newly input weight value and the previously input weight value is calculated.
- the stability determination of the weight value is performed in parallel.
- weight data for stability determination comparison of the average value of a certain number of continuous input data or comparison of a single input data may be used. If the difference between the previous weight values is smaller than the weight change amount boundary value Wa, it is determined that the weight value is in a stable state.
- the weight value is smaller than the minimum weight value Wc, the weight measurement is not performed, and the impedance measurement, that is, the body fat measurement is not performed.
- the value output from the weight sensor 19A due to the weight load becomes It changes greatly, and it is determined that both weight and body fat mass can be measured.
- Wb weight change amount boundary value
- the body tissue impedance Z i is measured together with the body weight as follows.
- Wb> Wa the measurement mode is prevented from vibratingly changing due to the weight value near the determination boundary point.
- the unstable state is also determined, and the body tissue impedance measurement for measuring the body fat mass is activated.
- the first A / D converter When the subject gets on the device 1, the first A / D converter
- the analog switch 17b Is turned off, the analog switch 17a is turned on, and the body tissue impedance measurement, that is, the sampling cycle I of the body tissue impedance is started.
- the output from the operational amplifier 6 is output by the AZD converter 11.
- the voltage signal Vi is AZD-converted.
- the output voltage signal is input to the low-pass filter 10 so that the signal is smoothed, and the sampling time is further increased.
- the analog switch 17a When approaching the switching period I, the analog switch 17a is set to the ⁇ N state, and the signal is subjected to AZD conversion, whereby a stable impedance signal is taken into the arithmetic circuit.
- the output voltage signal V i converted at the sampling period I i is stored in the memory 16 via the IZO circuit 12.
- the analog switch 17b is turned on again (the analog switch 17a is turned off), and the weight measuring circuit 18 is connected to the AZD converter 11 again.
- the analog switches 4 f and 4 a are turned on, and the output voltage signal V 2 from the operational amplifier 6 is supplied to the low-pass filter 10 for smoothing.
- the weight by weight signal from the weight sensor 1 9 A measurement circuit 1 8 is continuously input to the weight measurement for low pass filter 1 9 C, the sampling period W 5 by AZD converter 1 1 A / D converted.
- the switching cycle I 2 is started, and the output voltage signal V 2 smoothed by the low-pass filter 10 is subjected to A / D conversion. And this, the sump-rings period 1 2 output voltage signal V 2 converted by is stored in the memory 1 6 via the I ZO circuit 1 2.
- the sampling period I 2 after completion again analog Sui Tsu Chi 1 7 b is ON (analog sweep rate pitch 1 7 a is OFF state) is the weight measurement circuit 1 8 wherein AZD transducer 1 in together when connected to 1, the only analog switches 4 f, 4 d and then to the oN state, allowed to Ete smooth given the output voltage signal V 3 to the low-pass filter 1 0 from the operational amplifier 6. Meanwhile, the weight signal from the weight sensor 1 9 A weight measuring circuit 1 8 continuously inputted to a low-pass fill evening 1 9 C for weight measurement, A ZD converted into sampling cycle W 6 by AZD converter 1 1 Is done.
- the AZD transducer 1 1 by after sampling periodic W 6 end of the weight signal, the analog sweep rate pitch 1 7 a is ⁇ N state (analog switch 1 7 b is OFF state) is in the body tissue impedance sampling cycle I 3 is started, the low-pass fill evening 1 0 output voltage signal V 3 which is smooth at are converted AZD. And this, before Symbol sampling cycle I 3 the output voltage signal V 3 converted by is stored in the memory 1 6 via the I 0 circuit 1 2.
- the weight signal from the weight sensor 19 A of the weight measurement circuit 18 is continuously output from the weight measurement low-pass filter 19 A. It is entered and C, is A ZD converted into sampling cycle W 7 by A / D converter 1 1.
- the analog switch 17a is turned on (the analog switch 17b is turned off), and the body tissue impedance is reduced.
- Sa Prix ring cycle I 4 is started, the low-pass fill the evening 1 0 using a flat smooth output voltage signal V 4 is converted AZD.
- the sampling period 1 4 output voltage signal V 4 which has been converted in is stored in the memory 1 6 via the IZ_ ⁇ circuit 1 2. And this, the required output voltage calculates the body tissue impedance Z i (V i ⁇ V 4) is stored in the memory 1 6.
- the weight signal after the end of the sampling period w 5 to w 7 of each is performed stably determination of the weight values
- the desired output voltage in computing the body tissue Inpi one dance Z i as previously described (V also E ⁇ V 4) is stored in the memory 1 6, if the weight value is unstable (resulting variation is the change in weight boundary value Wb is greater than the state of the weight value), subsequently the analog sweep rate Tsu H
- the weight measurement and the tissue impedance measurement are performed by alternately switching between 17a and 17b.
- the amount of change with respect to the sampling period I 4 the previous weight value obtained in the sampling in g cycle W 7 weight value obtained in the sampling period W 8 after the end of the performed weight signal wt
- the measurement is switched to the body tissue impedance measurement again, and the impedance sampling period I 'is started.
- the output voltage signal from the operational amplifier 6 is A / D converted and stored in the memory 16, and the output voltage signal previously stored in the memory 16 The voltage signal V is updated.
- this Sampling period I i the weight change amount is the amount of change with respect to the weight value obtained by the sampling period w 8 weight values obtained in the sampled in g cycles w 9 after the end of the performed weight signal ' If a state (stable state) smaller than the boundary value Wa is determined, the measurement of the body tissue impedance is interrupted.
- the body tissue impedance Z i is calculated by the CPU 13 using the output signal ⁇ stored in the memory 16, and the body tissue impedance is calculated.
- the body fat mass (body fat mass) is calculated using Z i and the personal data.
- the weight value is displayed on the display 15 until a predetermined time has elapsed. After a lapse of the predetermined time, the body fat amount (body fat percentage) calculated by the CPU 13 is displayed on the display 15, and after the lapse of the predetermined time, the weight value is again displayed on the display 15. It is. After that, the display of the weight value and the body fat amount is repeated every time the predetermined time elapses, as long as the state in which the stability of the weight value is determined continues. In the state where the stability of the weight value is determined, only the measurement of the weight value is continuously performed, and the stability determination is always performed. Before the stability of the weight value is determined, it is necessary to notify the subject that the weight value in the transient state changes sequentially.Therefore, the weight values obtained in the sampling periods W i to W 8 are used. Displayed on display 15.
- the measurement of the weight value and the measurement of the impedance of the body tissue are repeated alternately again, but the stable state is determined.
- the weight value is less than the minimum weight value Wc, only the weight value is displayed on the display 15.
- the stable state is determined again thereafter. Since the weight value is greater than the minimum weight value Wc when the weight is reduced, the weight value and the body fat amount are alternately displayed on the display 15.
- the weight value becomes accurate from the vibrating state. It takes some time to reach a stable state that can be acquired, but the subject's feet are fixed on the electrodes 2 A, 2 B, 3 A, and 3 B, and the body tissue impedance can be measured accurately. Because of this, the body tissue impedance measurement can be performed simultaneously with the weight measurement using this time difference. Therefore, when the weight value is stable, the body tissue impedance Z i can be calculated.Thus, even if the number of cycles required for calculating the body tissue impedance Z i is large, the weight value is finally measured.
- the measurement of fat mass in the body has no time-related effect.
- an accurate weight value is displayed, and an average calculation for minimizing the flicker of the weight value is performed. Since a large amount of weight data is required for the filtering operation at intervals as short as possible, it is better to perform only the weight measurement every time.
- the body fat measuring device 20 of the second embodiment is There is basically no difference from the first embodiment except for the configuration of the one-dance measuring circuit. Therefore, only the configuration of the in-vivo tissue impedance measurement circuit 21 unique to the present embodiment will be described, and a detailed description of the parts common to the first embodiment will be omitted.
- FIG. 5A shows a circuit diagram of the in-vivo tissue impedance measurement circuit 21 according to the present embodiment.
- the body fat measuring device 20 three electrodes 22A, 22B and 23A are provided on the upper surface, and the electrodes 22A and 22B are stepped on by one foot of the subject.
- the configuration is such that 23 A is stepped on the other foot, in other words, the electrodes 22 A and 23 A are stepped on the heel side, and the electrode 22 B is stepped on the toe side. Have been.
- FIG. 5 (b) is a diagram illustrating a state where the subject steps on the electrodes 22A, 22B and 23A, respectively. Between the subjects feet and the electrodes 2 2 A, 2 2 B, 2 3 A, respectively contact impedance R 2 2 A, R 2 2 B, together with R 2 3 A occurs, near the foot your body end surrounding tissue impedance Z 2 2 A, Z 2 2 B, that have occurred Z 2 3 A. In the figure, let Z i be the body tissue impedance that exists between both feet to be measured.
- the electrodes 22B, 22A and 23A are connected to a constant current circuit 25 via analog switches 24a, 24b and 24c, respectively.
- the constant current circuit 25 includes an operational amplifier 26 that receives a voltage signal V from a non-inverting input terminal and outputs a constant current I, and an inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 26. And a reference resistor 27 for limiting the circuit current so that the constant current I is output from the operational amplifier 26.
- the reference resistor 27 has a stable known value Rs for setting the constant current I.
- the electrodes 22A and 23A are connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier 26 via the analog switches 24b and 24c, respectively.
- the electrode 22B is connected to the analog switch. It is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 26 via 24a.
- the output terminal of the operational amplifier 26 is connected to the operational control device 8.
- the subject's both feet are placed on the electrodes 22 A, 22 B, and 23 A.
- the analog switches 24 a to 24 c are sequentially switched by the output signal of the CPU 13 of the arithmetic and control unit 8, and the output voltages V 5 and V 6 from the operational amplifier 26 are input to the arithmetic and control unit 8. Is done. Below, the analog switch 24 a ⁇ 2
- the body tissue impedance Z i can be obtained.
- the amount of fat in the body is calculated by a known calculation method.
- the thus obtained amount of fat in the body is displayed on the display 15 via the IZO circuit 12 and transmitted to the subject.
- the present embodiment it is possible to obtain substantially the same effect as in the first embodiment, and it is considered that the conditions of the body surface to be measured in a short time at the time of measurement are almost the same.
- the value of the contact impedance and The impedance of the tissue around the end of the body is assumed to be equal, and a pair of electrodes 22 A and 22 B are provided at only one representative location, and one electrode 23 A at each other location.
- By arranging the electrodes it is possible to measure the impedance in the body, so that the number of electrodes can be reduced, and the configuration of the apparatus can be further simplified, and the cost can be reduced.
- the present embodiment when the present embodiment is applied to, for example, impedance measurement of a cross section of a trunk, it is also possible to save the trouble of mounting electrodes as the number of electrodes is reduced. That is, the measurement represented by the above (Equation 6) is performed at a place where a pair of electrodes are used, and the measurement represented by the above (Equation 5) is performed at other n places. Assuming that the contact impedance at each point and the tissue impedance around the body end are equal, the impedance at n points can be obtained by subtracting (Equation 6) from (Equation 5) obtained at the measurement at each point. it can.
- the body fat measurement device 30 of the present embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment except that the configuration of the body tissue impedance measurement circuit is different. Therefore, only the configuration of the in-vivo tissue impedance measurement circuit 31 unique to the present embodiment will be described, and a detailed description of a portion common to the first embodiment will be omitted.
- FIG. 6 shows a circuit diagram of the in-vivo tissue impedance measuring circuit 31 according to the present embodiment.
- three electrodes 32 A, 32 B, and 33 A are provided on the upper surface, and the electrodes 32 A, 32 B is stepped on, and 33 A is stepped on the other foot, in other words, the electrodes 32 A and 33 A are stepped on the heel side, and the electrode 32 B is stepped on the toe side. It is configured as follows.
- the electrodes 32A and 33A are connected to a voltage source (corresponding to a power supply circuit in the present invention) 35 for supplying a constant voltage V via analog switches 34b and 34c, respectively.
- the electrode 32 B is connected to a reference resistor (R s) 37 connected to a non-inverting terminal of an operational amplifier 36 via an analog switch 34 a.
- the output terminal of the operational amplifier 36 is connected to the arithmetic and control unit 8.
- the subject's both feet are placed on the electrodes 32A, 32B, 33A.
- the analog switches 34 a to 34 c are sequentially switched by the output signal of the CPU 13 of the arithmetic and control unit 8, and the output signal from the operational amplifier 36 is input to the arithmetic and control unit 8.
- the analog switch 3 4 a ⁇ 3 4 c ⁇ ⁇ OFF control and output voltage V 5 of the V 6 will be described.
- the contact impedance is too high and the first and second embodiments are particularly effective when the operational amplifier constituting the constant current circuit is saturated and cannot be used.
- three electrodes 32 A, 32 B, and 33 A are provided, and these electrodes are connected to the body tissue impedance measurement circuit 31.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- Four electrodes may be provided, and each of the electrodes may be connected to a tissue impedance measuring circuit to which a constant voltage is applied via six analog switches.
- the ON / OFF control of the ana mouth switch in this case is substantially the same as that in the first embodiment.
- the body tissue impedance Z i can be calculated based on the equations (7) and (8). it can.
- FIG. 7 shows a body tissue (visceral tissue) impedance measurement circuit diagram (a) of the body fat measurement device according to the present embodiment, and an explanatory diagram (b) for explaining the tissue impedance in the body.
- the body fat measuring device 40 of the present embodiment is provided with electrodes 41 A and 41 B on which both feet of the subject are placed, respectively, and electrodes 41 C and 4 ID respectively grasped by both hands of the subject.
- the electrodes 4 ID, 41 C, 41 A, and 4 IB are respectively connected to analog switches 43 a, 43 b, 43 c, 43 d, 43 e, and 43 f through the first embodiment.
- the output terminal of the operational amplifier 45 constituting the constant current circuit 44 is connected to the arithmetic and control unit 8. Since the arithmetic and control unit 8 has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the electrodes 41 C, 41 A, and 4 IB are connected to the output terminals of the operational amplifier 45 via analog switches 43 c, 43 e, and 43 f, respectively.
- the electrodes 41 D, 1 C, and 41 A are connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 45 through analog switches 43 a, 43 b, and 43 d, respectively. I have.
- the inverting output terminal of the operational amplifier 45 is connected to a reference resistor 46 that limits a circuit current so that the constant current I is output from the operational amplifier 45.
- the reference resistor 46 has a stable and known value R s for setting the constant current I.
- each body tissue impedance Z 4 1 a of the left arm, Z 4 1 B, the Z 4 1 C, Z 4 1 D has occurred.
- Z j The tissue impedance of the visceral part that is desired to be measured, ie, the visceral tissue impedance, is represented by Z j.
- the right leg and the left leg of the subject are placed on the electrodes 41A and 41B, respectively, and the electrodes 41C and 41D are respectively placed on the right hand and the 41D.
- the CPU 13 sequentially switches the analog switches 43a, 43b, 43c, 43d, 43e, and 43f by ON'OFF control.
- the output voltages V 9 to V 12 from the operational amplifier 45 are input to the arithmetic and control unit 8.
- the fat content of the visceral part is obtained in the CPU 13 based on the visceral part tissue impedance Z j and personal data input in advance by a known calculation method.
- the visceral fat amount thus measured is displayed on the display unit 15 via the I / I circuit 12 and transmitted to the subject.
- the contact impedance and the tissue impedance around the body end including the entire limb as compared to the first embodiment are eliminated. It can measure the visceral tissue impedance, and can measure the stable and accurate visceral fat amount. Therefore, the number of electrodes required for measuring the internal organ tissue impedance can be reduced, and accordingly, the number of wirings and circuits can be reduced, so that there is an effect that the device configuration can be simplified. Further, the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the viscera tissue impedance based on four measurements by switching of the analog switch (output voltage V 9 ⁇ V 1 2)
- Z j is computed
- contact Inpidansu R 4 i c of the left and right hands, R, D and tissue impedance Z 4 1 C of the left and right arms, Z 4 1 D is, respectively it equal, also the left and right feet If the contact impedance R 4 1 AR 41 B and the tissue impedances Z 4 A and Z 4 B of the left and right feet are equal,
- the calculation can be performed based on three measurements (output voltages V 9, V I I, and V 12) by switching analog switches. Further, for example, it is also possible to obtain the visceral tissue impedance Z j by obliquely passing an electric current through the subject's body with only the analog switches 43 f and 43 b turned ON.
- the arithmetic and control unit 8 is provided with a switchable weight measurement circuit 18 in the same manner as in the first embodiment, so that weight measurement can be performed simultaneously with measurement of visceral fat mass. Is also good.
- the measurement sequence of the first embodiment it is possible to measure the visceral tissue impedance Z j using the time until the weight value reaches the stable state.
- the weight signal (weight signal) and the impedance signal (output voltage signal ⁇ ) are digitized by the same A / D converter 11, respectively.
- AZD converter for body tissue impedance measurement circuit and AZD converter for body weight measurement circuit AZD converters may be used to digitize each signal.
- the weight value (weight value) and the body fat amount (body fat percentage) are alternately displayed on one display unit 15 at regular intervals, but the present invention is not limited to this. Instead, the weight value and the body fat mass may be displayed on different displays, respectively, or one display may be selected and displayed by a key switch.
- the measurement path includes many joints having a large impedance value, but the body end tissue impedance is removed, so that the body fat amount can be obtained with high accuracy.
- the electrodes are provided on a weight measuring surface, and a part of the electrodes can be touched with a hand or a finger or The remaining electrodes may be provided on a portion that can be grasped, and the remaining electrodes may be provided on the weight measurement surface.
- the electrodes are placed in a part that can be touched by a hand or a finger or a part that can be gripped. Some electrodes may be provided on a part that can be touched or grasped by a hand or finger, and the remaining electrodes may be provided on a weight measurement surface.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/850,743 US6567692B1 (en) | 1999-10-07 | 2000-09-29 | Body fat measuring instrument |
EP00963019A EP1138258B1 (en) | 1999-10-07 | 2000-09-29 | Body fat measuring instrument |
DE60019551T DE60019551T2 (de) | 1999-10-07 | 2000-09-29 | Körperfettmessgerät |
HK02104342A HK1042643A1 (en) | 1999-10-07 | 2002-06-10 | Body fat measuring instrument. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP11/286156 | 1999-10-07 | ||
JP28615699A JP4357049B2 (ja) | 1999-10-07 | 1999-10-07 | 体内脂肪測定装置 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001024694A1 true WO2001024694A1 (fr) | 2001-04-12 |
Family
ID=17700675
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2000/006816 WO2001024694A1 (fr) | 1999-10-07 | 2000-09-29 | Instrument de mesure de la graisse corporelle |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6567692B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1138258B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4357049B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1182814C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60019551T2 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1042643A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001024694A1 (ja) |
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JP2003052658A (ja) * | 2001-08-13 | 2003-02-25 | Yamato Scale Co Ltd | 体内脂肪測定装置 |
JP4041360B2 (ja) * | 2002-07-11 | 2008-01-30 | 株式会社タニタ | 生体インピーダンス測定装置 |
US6850798B2 (en) * | 2002-10-08 | 2005-02-01 | Nestec, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for measuring body fat in animals |
KR100580629B1 (ko) * | 2003-11-17 | 2006-05-16 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 고주파 대역의 피부 임피던스 응답을 표현하는 피부임피던스 모델 |
JP4680028B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-28 | 2011-05-11 | 株式会社タニタ | 体幹部脂肪測定方法及び装置 |
JP4679993B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-28 | 2011-05-11 | 株式会社タニタ | 体幹部脂肪測定方法及び装置 |
CN100393276C (zh) * | 2005-07-29 | 2008-06-11 | 浙江工业大学 | 人体脂肪测量装置 |
JP4680006B2 (ja) * | 2005-08-25 | 2011-05-11 | 株式会社タニタ | 体幹部脂肪測定方法及び装置 |
CN100421617C (zh) * | 2006-08-16 | 2008-10-01 | 中山市创源电子有限公司 | 一种人体阻抗测量装置及应用该装置的脂肪计 |
JP2008142469A (ja) * | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-26 | Tanita Corp | 生体測定装置 |
JP4812735B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-15 | 2011-11-09 | 大和製衡株式会社 | 体内脂肪計 |
US8831898B2 (en) | 2008-10-16 | 2014-09-09 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Impedance measurement circuit and method |
EP2305111A1 (de) | 2009-10-01 | 2011-04-06 | seca ag | Bioimpedanzmessvorrichtung und -verfahren |
JP2011177298A (ja) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-09-15 | Tanita Corp | 生体指標測定装置 |
JP5065457B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-06 | 2012-10-31 | パナソニック株式会社 | 体組成体重測定装置 |
JP5610535B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-08 | 2014-10-22 | 株式会社タニタ | 測定装置 |
ITPI20110049A1 (it) * | 2011-04-29 | 2012-10-30 | Akern S R L | Un dispositivo e relativo metodo per il calcolo dell'impedenza cutanea. |
CN103162781B (zh) * | 2011-12-19 | 2016-01-27 | 天津九安医疗电子股份有限公司 | 一种具有人体成分测量功能的人体秤 |
KR102212064B1 (ko) | 2013-12-06 | 2021-02-05 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 냉장고에 의해 헬스 서비스를 제공하는 방법 및 이를 위한 냉장고 |
CN103637800B (zh) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-11-11 | 大连大学 | 基于八段阻抗模型的人体成分分析的方法 |
KR102335768B1 (ko) * | 2014-10-21 | 2021-12-06 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 체지방을 측정하는 방법 및 장치 |
KR102556007B1 (ko) | 2015-10-07 | 2023-07-17 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 생체신호 측정장치 및 방법 |
CN107085013B (zh) * | 2017-06-08 | 2024-01-09 | 深圳市松恩电子科技有限公司 | 一种生物识别装置 |
CN107296608A (zh) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-10-27 | 深圳市沃特沃德股份有限公司 | 保健垫系统 |
CN107550492B (zh) * | 2017-10-30 | 2021-01-15 | 广东乐心医疗电子股份有限公司 | 一种测量人体阻抗的方法及系统 |
US11047821B2 (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2021-06-29 | Analog Devices International Unlimited Company | Bio-impedance and contact impedances measurement |
CN109157216A (zh) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-08 | 上海与德通讯技术有限公司 | 体脂秤测试系统与方法 |
CN111407274A (zh) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-07-14 | 芯海科技(深圳)股份有限公司 | 生理参数检测方法、装置、电子设备和存储介质 |
CN111728612B (zh) * | 2020-06-05 | 2022-05-03 | 武汉励石医疗科技有限责任公司 | 生物电阻抗测量方法、接触阻抗测量方法及其装置 |
CN111714127B (zh) * | 2020-06-09 | 2023-09-01 | 上海工物高技术产业发展有限公司 | 健康检测装置 |
CN115590494A (zh) * | 2021-07-07 | 2023-01-13 | 华为技术有限公司(Cn) | 一种生理参数检测方法及可穿戴设备 |
CN115047934B (zh) * | 2022-07-04 | 2024-03-12 | 无锡新纺欧迪诺电梯有限公司 | 一种恒流源安全门锁检测电路 |
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2000
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- 2000-09-29 CN CNB008021937A patent/CN1182814C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-09-29 US US09/850,743 patent/US6567692B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-09-29 EP EP00963019A patent/EP1138258B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-29 DE DE60019551T patent/DE60019551T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2001104271A (ja) | 2001-04-17 |
CN1182814C (zh) | 2005-01-05 |
EP1138258A1 (en) | 2001-10-04 |
EP1138258A4 (en) | 2003-06-11 |
HK1042643A1 (en) | 2002-08-23 |
DE60019551T2 (de) | 2006-02-23 |
EP1138258B1 (en) | 2005-04-20 |
CN1327375A (zh) | 2001-12-19 |
US6567692B1 (en) | 2003-05-20 |
DE60019551D1 (de) | 2005-05-25 |
JP4357049B2 (ja) | 2009-11-04 |
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