WO1999021791A1 - Liquid injection system for sprayers - Google Patents

Liquid injection system for sprayers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999021791A1
WO1999021791A1 PCT/US1998/022107 US9822107W WO9921791A1 WO 1999021791 A1 WO1999021791 A1 WO 1999021791A1 US 9822107 W US9822107 W US 9822107W WO 9921791 A1 WO9921791 A1 WO 9921791A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure volume
rod
high pressure
low pressure
motor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/022107
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Alvin R. Womac
Ray A. Ii Maynard
Original Assignee
The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation filed Critical The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation
Priority to CA002307660A priority Critical patent/CA2307660A1/en
Priority to EP98959367A priority patent/EP1042216A1/en
Priority to AU15181/99A priority patent/AU735292B2/en
Publication of WO1999021791A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999021791A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0425—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid without any source of compressed gas, e.g. the air being sucked by the pressurised liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B9/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour
    • B05B9/03—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material
    • B05B9/04—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump
    • B05B9/0403—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump with pumps for liquids or other fluent material
    • B05B9/0413—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump with pumps for liquids or other fluent material with reciprocating pumps, e.g. membrane pump, piston pump, bellow pump

Definitions

  • TITLE LIQUID INJECTION SYSTEM FOR SPRAYERS
  • the present invention is directed to a system for direct injection of
  • injection system of the present invention may be mounted adjacent, or in
  • variable speed /stroke diaphragm pump capable of providing a
  • sprayers pump the mixture of chemical and water to the boom and out
  • Direct chemical injection provides benefits of reduced worker
  • boom sprayers to move at velocities from 4-18 mph.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus capable of injecting
  • boom sprayer moving at 5 mph and comprising a 20 inch nozzle spacing.
  • the design of the present invention permits the injection pump to be placed
  • the present invention is directed towards a liquid injection system comprising a housing with a high pressure volume and a low pressure
  • a flexible diaphragm is mounted within the housing so as to be sized and configured to be sized and configured to be sized and volume.
  • a flexible diaphragm is mounted within the housing so as to be sized and volume.
  • the invention further comprises a rod extending through the housing
  • the rod is attached to the diaphragm such that when the rod reciprocates it displaces the diaphragm
  • the invention further comprises a first inlet line and a first outlet line
  • a check valve is
  • each inlet line positioned in each inlet line so as to permit liquid to flow into the high
  • a check valve is position in each outlet line so as to permit liquid to flow out of the high pressure and low pressure
  • a motor is coupled to the rod so as to cause the rod to reciprocate
  • a motor controller is coupled to the motor.
  • the controller is capable of controlling the frequency and/or stroke of
  • An outlet spray device is connected to the first and second outlet lines from the housing.
  • Figure 1 a is a cross sectional view of the pump of the present invention when the rod is in the up stroke position.
  • Figure 1 b is a cross sectional view of the pump of the present
  • Figure 2a is a block diagram of a first embodiment of the present
  • Figure 2b is a block diagram of a second embodiment of the present
  • Figure 2c is a side view of a third embodiment of the present
  • the present invention comprises a housing 14 comprising a high
  • the housing is made from plastic.
  • a flexible diaphragm 12 is mounted within the housing so as to separate the high pressure volume from the low pressure volume as shown
  • the diaphragm comprises
  • the diaphragm comprises a center
  • the center layer has a top surface and a bottom
  • This embodiment of the diaphragm further comprises a top outer layer made from a synthetic resin comprising fluorine, such as that sold
  • a rod 10 extends through the housing at a substantially right angle to
  • the rod is made from plastic, stainless steel or nylon.
  • the rod is attached to the
  • the pump of the present invention is shown in the "up stroke" condition in Figure 1 a.
  • the diaphragm is displaced in the direction of rod travel.
  • the high pressure volume is the region of the
  • the low pressure volume is the region of the
  • the invention further comprises a first inlet line 20 connected to the
  • a second inlet line 24 is connected to the low pressure
  • Check valves 28a and 28b are positioned in the first and second inlet lines, respectively, so as to permit liquid flow into the high pressure or low
  • check valves comprise a ball 27 and a seat 29.
  • a motor 30 is coupled to the rod so as to cause the rod to reciprocate when the motor is energized, as shown in Figures 2a - 2c.
  • the motor is a stepper motor. In another preferred embodiment,
  • variable speed motors may be electric,
  • Variable speed motors may comprise rotary or
  • a motor controller 32 is coupled to the motor as shown in Figures 2a- 2c.
  • the motor controller is capable of controlling the frequency and/or stroke
  • An outlet spray device 34 is connected to the first and second outlet
  • the injection pump of the present invention may be placed adjacent, or in close proximity, to the outlet spray
  • the outlet spray device comprises a
  • mixing chamber 33 connected to the first and second outlet lines, and a
  • the invention further comprises a boom
  • an outlet spray header 41 is
  • a strainer 48 is mounted in each mixing chamber, as
  • the present invention may be used to inject a chemical mixture from a inlet tank to the outlet spray device.
  • a chemical mixture from a inlet tank to the outlet spray device.
  • an inlet tank 40 is connected to the first and second inlet
  • header 44 is connected to each mixing chamber and a diluent tank 46 is
  • a boom header 36 is connected to
  • the first and second outlet lines and at least two mixing chambers are
  • a spray nozzle 35 is
  • the spray nozzle comprises a device capable of causing turbulent mixing of the fluid being sprayed 50, referred to as a "turbulent mixer”.
  • Turbulent mixers are devices capable of causing turbulent mixing of the fluid being sprayed 50, referred to as a "turbulent mixer”.

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a system for direct injection of chemicals or other additives in a liquid solution into a spray nozzle (35). The injection system of the present invention may be mounted adjacent, or in close proximity, to the spray nozzles of a sprayer. The present invention comprises a variable speed/stroke diaphragm pump (12) capable of providing a double pumping action such that a liquid solution may be continuously pumped at a controllable rate to one or more spray nozzles (35) of a sprayer.

Description

TITLE: LIQUID INJECTION SYSTEM FOR SPRAYERS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of The Invention
The present invention is directed to a system for direct injection of
chemicals or other additives in a liquid solution into a spray nozzle. The
injection system of the present invention may be mounted adjacent, or in
close proximity, to the spray nozzles of a sprayer. The present invention
comprises a variable speed /stroke diaphragm pump capable of providing a
double pumping action such that a liquid solution may be continuously
pumped at a controllable rate to one or more spray nozzles of a sprayer.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Traditional agricultural spray systems require the mixing of
agrochemical formulation with a water carrier in a sprayer tank. Traditional
sprayers pump the mixture of chemical and water to the boom and out
through spray nozzles. Errors in chemical measurement, mixing, and
calibration, result in increasingly burdensome problems regarding to the
disposal of leftover tank mixes, which are frequently considered to be
hazardous wastes. Additionally stringent worker protection standards
regarding potential exposure to chemicals and accountability standards for disposal of chemicals provide drawbacks which discourage the use of
traditional sprayers.
Another approach to agrochemical spraying is direct chemical injection. Direct chemical injection provides benefits of reduced worker
exposure, accurate chemical dispensing, reduced waste disposal, and
adaptability to variable rate applications. Presently available direct injection systems inject the chemical near the pump or into a spray line that is not
located in close proximity to the spray nozzle. A time delay, results between
the point of injection and the point of nozzle output. This delay is a problem
when trying to match variable chemical rates with particular locations in an
agricultural field from a moving sprayer. It is customary for agrochemical
boom sprayers to move at velocities from 4-18 mph.
Another problem associated with prior art direct injection systems is
their inability to accurately meter the low flow rates associated with
agrochemical spraying. Typical application rates for new agrochemical
chemistries are as low as 2 ounces per acre. The use of orifices to restrict flow rates for agrochemical mixtures is limited because orifices of diameters
less than 0.03 inches inheritantly plug up with formulation debris.
Additionally, the regulation of pressures below 10 psi is difficult due to
regulator drift. Thus, traditional means of using pressure regulation across
orifices to control flow rate have been less than satisfactory with the low flow
rate requirements for agrochemical applications.
The present invention provides an apparatus capable of injecting
chemicals or other additives in a liquid solution into a spray nozzle at a
controllable variable rate for flow rates as low as 1 ml/min. This flow rate corresponds to an application rate of approximately 2 ounces per acre for a
boom sprayer moving at 5 mph and comprising a 20 inch nozzle spacing.
The design of the present invention permits the injection pump to be placed
very close to the outlet spray device or spray nozzle, thereby avoiding time delay problems associated with prior art devices. This invention has many
varied applications, including but not limited to, agricultural spraying, food
processing and liquid fuel delivery.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed towards a liquid injection system comprising a housing with a high pressure volume and a low pressure
volume. A flexible diaphragm is mounted within the housing so as to
separate the high pressure volume from the low pressure volume.
The invention further comprises a rod extending through the housing
at a substantially right angle to the diaphragm. The rod is attached to the diaphragm such that when the rod reciprocates it displaces the diaphragm
in the direction of rod travel so as to pressurize the high pressure volume
and to depressurize the low pressure volume.
The invention further comprises a first inlet line and a first outlet line
connected to the high pressure volume and a second inlet line and second
outlet line connected to the low pressure volume. A check valve is
positioned in each inlet line so as to permit liquid to flow into the high
pressure or low pressure volume. A check valve is position in each outlet line so as to permit liquid to flow out of the high pressure and low pressure
volumes.
A motor is coupled to the rod so as to cause the rod to reciprocate
when the motor is energized. A motor controller is coupled to the motor.
The controller is capable of controlling the frequency and/or stroke of
reciprocation of the rod. An outlet spray device is connected to the first and second outlet lines from the housing.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 a is a cross sectional view of the pump of the present invention when the rod is in the up stroke position.
Figure 1 b is a cross sectional view of the pump of the present
invention when the rod is in the down stroke position.
Figure 2a is a block diagram of a first embodiment of the present
invention.
Figure 2b is a block diagram of a second embodiment of the present
invention.
Figure 2c is a side view of a third embodiment of the present
invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention comprises a housing 14 comprising a high
pressure volume 16 and a low pressure volume 18, as shown in Figures la-
lb. In a preferred embodiment, the housing is made from plastic. A flexible diaphragm 12 is mounted within the housing so as to separate the high pressure volume from the low pressure volume as shown
in Figures 1a -1 b. In one preferred embodiment the diaphragm comprises
a synthetic resin comprising fluorine, such as that sold under the trademark
Teflon®.
In another preferred embodiment, the diaphragm comprises a center
layer made from a flexible metal or from a polymer such as that sold under
the trademark Kevlar®. The center layer has a top surface and a bottom
surface. This embodiment of the diaphragm further comprises a top outer layer made from a synthetic resin comprising fluorine, such as that sold
under the trademark Teflon® and placed against the top surface of the
center layer and a bottom outer layer made from a synthetic resin comprising
fluorine and placed against the bottom surface of the center layer.
A rod 10 extends through the housing at a substantially right angle to
the diaphragm as shown in Figures 1a-1 b. In a preferred embodiment, the rod is made from plastic, stainless steel or nylon. The rod is attached to the
diaphragm such that when the rod reciprocates it displaces the diaphragm
in the direction of rod travel so as to pressurize the high pressure volume
and to depressure the low pressure volume. The housing, flexible
diaphragm, and rod make up an injection pump used in the liquid injection system of the present invention.
The pump of the present invention is shown in the "up stroke" condition in Figure 1 a. As shown in Figure 1 a, the diaphragm is displaced in the direction of rod travel. The high pressure volume is the region of the
housing above the diaphragm. The low pressure volume is the region of the
housing below the diaphragm. The displacement of the diaphragm causes
the high pressure volume to be pressurized while at the same time producing
a suction or depressurization in the low pressure volume.
In Figure 1 b the pump of the present invention is shown in the
"downstroke" condition. In this condition, the locations of the high pressure
volume and low pressure volume are reversed from that shown in the up
stroke condition depicted in Figure 1a.
The invention further comprises a first inlet line 20 connected to the
high pressure volume and a first outlet line 22 connected to the high
pressure volume. A second inlet line 24 is connected to the low pressure
volume and a second outlet line 26 is connected to the low pressure volume.
Check valves 28a and 28b are positioned in the first and second inlet lines, respectively, so as to permit liquid flow into the high pressure or low
pressure volumes, as shown by the arrows in Figures 1 a-1 b. Check valves
28c -28d are positioned in the first and second outlet lines, respectively, so
as to permit liquid flow out of the high pressure and low pressure volumes, as shown by the arrows in Figures 1 a-1 b. In a preferred embodiment, the
check valves comprise a ball 27 and a seat 29.
A motor 30 is coupled to the rod so as to cause the rod to reciprocate when the motor is energized, as shown in Figures 2a - 2c. In one preferred embodiment, the motor is a stepper motor. In another preferred embodiment,
the motor is a variable speed motor. Variable speed motors may be electric,
pneumatic or hydraulic. Variable speed motors may comprise rotary or
linear drives.
A motor controller 32 is coupled to the motor as shown in Figures 2a- 2c. The motor controller is capable of controlling the frequency and/or stroke
of rod reciprocation. Variable flow control is achieved with the present
invention by controllably varying the rod stroke and/or frequency.
An outlet spray device 34 is connected to the first and second outlet
lines, as shown in Figures 2a-2c. The injection pump of the present invention may be placed adjacent, or in close proximity, to the outlet spray
device.
In one preferred embodiment, the outlet spray device comprises a
mixing chamber 33 connected to the first and second outlet lines, and a
spray nozzle 35 connected to the mixing chamber as shown in Figure 2b.
In another preferred embodiment, the invention further comprises a boom
header 36 connected to one or more mixing chambers as shown in Figure 2c. In another preferred embodiment, an outlet spray header 41 is
connected to the first and second outlet lines, as shown in Figure 2b. In a
preferred embodiment, a strainer 48 is mounted in each mixing chamber, as
shown in Figures 2b and 2c. The present invention may be used to inject a chemical mixture from a inlet tank to the outlet spray device. In a preferred embodiment of the
present invention, an inlet tank 40 is connected to the first and second inlet
lines, as shown in Figure 2a. In another preferred embodiment, a diluent
header 44 is connected to each mixing chamber and a diluent tank 46 is
connected to the diluent header, as shown in Figure 2b.
In another preferred embodiment, a boom header 36 is connected to
the first and second outlet lines and at least two mixing chambers are
connected to the boom header as shown in Figure 2c. A spray nozzle 35 is
connected to each of the mixing chambers. In a preferred embodiment the spray nozzle comprises a device capable of causing turbulent mixing of the fluid being sprayed 50, referred to as a "turbulent mixer". Turbulent mixers
may comprise orifices 52 and Venturis 54, impact surfaces 56, and/or air inlet
ports 58. When the fluid flows through orifice 52 into venturi 54 a suction is
created at air inlet ports 58, as shown in Figure 2c. This suction results in
the turbulent mixing of air and fluid in the turbulent mixer.
The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention are
illustrative and explanatory thereof, and various changes in the size, shape
and materials, as well as in the details of the illustrated construction, may be
made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. AA liquid injection system comprising: a. a housing comprising a high pressure volume and a low pressure volume;
bb.. a flexible diaphragm mounted within said housing so as to separate said high pressure volume from said low pressure
volume; c. a rod extending through said housing at a substantially right angle to said diaphragm, said rod being attached to said diaphragm such that when said rod reciprocates it displaces
said diaphragm in the direction of rod travel so as to pressurize
said high pressure volume and to depressurize said low
pressure volume; d. a first inlet line connected to said high pressure volume; e. a first outlet line connected to said high pressure volume; f. a second inlet line connected to said low pressure volume;
g- a second outlet line connected to said low pressure volume; h. a check valve positioned in each of said inlet lines so as to
permit liquid to flow into said high pressure or low pressure
volume; i. a check valve positioned in each of said outlet lines so as to
permit liquid to flow out of said high pressure or low pressure volume;
j. a motor coupled to said rod so as to cause said rod to
reciprocate when said motor is energized; k. a motor controller coupled to said motor, said controller being
capable of controlling the frequency or stroke of the reciprocation of said rod; and
I. an outlet spray device connected said first and said outlet
lines.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein said rod is made from plastic.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of said check valves comprises
a ball and a seat.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein said motor is a stepper motor.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein said motor is a variable speed motor.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein said outlet spray device comprises:
a. a mixing chamber connected to said first and second outlet
lines; and
b. a spray nozzle connected to said mixing chamber.
7. The system of claim 6, further comprising a boom header connected
to said mixing chamber.
8. The system of claim 7, further comprising an inlet tank connected to said first and second inlet lines.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein said outlet spray device comprises:
a. a boom header connected to said first and second outlet lines; b. at least two mixing chambers connected to said boom header;
and
c. a spray nozzle connected to each of said mixing chambers.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein said diaphragm comprises a synthetic
resin comprising fluorine.
11. The system of claim 1 wherein said spray nozzle comprises a
turbulent mixer.
12. A liquid injection system comprising:
a. a housing comprising a high pressure volume and a low
pressure volume;
b. a flexible diaphragm mounted within said housing so as to separate said high pressure volume from said low pressure volume;
C. a rod extending through said housing at a substantially right
angle to said diaphragm, said rod being attached to said
diaphragm such that when said rod reciprocates it displaces said diaphragm in the direction of rod travel so as to pressurize
said high pressure volume and to depressurize said low
pressure volume;
d. a first inlet line connected to said high pressure volume; e. a first outlet line connected to said high pressure volume;
f. a second inlet line connected to said low pressure volume;
g- a second outlet line connected to said low pressure volume;
h. a check valve positioned in each of said inlet lines so as to
permit liquid to flow into said high pressure or low pressure
volume;
i. a check valve positioned in each of said outlet lines so as to
permit liquid to flow out of said high pressure or low pressure
volume;
j. a motor coupled to said rod so as to cause said rod to
reciprocate when said motor is energized;
k. a motor controller coupled to said motor, said controller being
capable of controlling the frequency or stroke of the reciprocation of said rod;
I. an outlet spray header connected to said first and second
outlet lines; m. at least two mixing chambers connected to said outlet spray header; and
n. a spray nozzle connected to each of said mixing chambers.
13. The system of claim 12 further comprising an inlet tank connected to said first and second inlet lines.
14. The system of claim 13 further comprising a diluent header connected
to each of said mixing chambers.
15. The system of claim 14 further comprising a diluent tank connected
to said diluent header.
16. The system of claim 15 further comprising a strainer in each of said
mixing chambers.
17. A liquid injection system comprising: a. a housing comprising a high pressure volume and a low
pressure volume; b. a flexible diaphragm mounted within said housing so as to separate said high pressure volume from said low pressure volume; c. a rod extending through said housing at a substantially right
angle to said diaphragm, said rod being attached to said
diaphragm such that when said rod reciprocates it displaces
said diaphragm in the direction of rod travel so as to pressurize said high pressure volume and to depressurize said low
pressure volume;
d. a first inlet line connected to said high pressure volume; e. a first outlet line connected to said high pressure volume; f. a second inlet line connected to said low pressure volume;
g- a second outlet line connected to said low pressure volume;
h. a check valve positioned in each of said inlet lines so as to permit liquid to flow into said high pressure or low pressure
volume;
i. a check valve positioned in each of said outlet lines so as to
permit liquid to flow out of said high pressure or low pressure
volume;
]Γûá a motor coupled to said rod so as to cause said rod to
reciprocate when said motor is energized;
k. a motor controller coupled to said motor, said controller being capable of controlling the frequency or stroke of the
reciprocation of said rod;
I. a mixing chamber connected to said first and second outlet
lines; and m. a spray nozzle connected to said mixing chamber.
18. The system of claim 17 further comprising a boom header connected
to said mixing chamber.
19. The system of claim 17 wherein said motor is a variable speed motor.
20. The system of claim 17, wherein said spray nozzle comprises a
turbulent mixer.
PCT/US1998/022107 1997-10-28 1998-10-20 Liquid injection system for sprayers WO1999021791A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002307660A CA2307660A1 (en) 1997-10-28 1998-10-20 Liquid injection system for sprayers
EP98959367A EP1042216A1 (en) 1997-10-28 1998-10-20 Liquid injection system for sprayers
AU15181/99A AU735292B2 (en) 1997-10-28 1998-10-20 Liquid injection system for sprayers

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/959,419 US5881919A (en) 1997-10-28 1997-10-28 Liquid injection system for sprayers
US08/959,419 1997-10-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999021791A1 true WO1999021791A1 (en) 1999-05-06

Family

ID=25502034

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1998/022107 WO1999021791A1 (en) 1997-10-28 1998-10-20 Liquid injection system for sprayers

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5881919A (en)
EP (1) EP1042216A1 (en)
AR (1) AR015988A1 (en)
AU (1) AU735292B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2307660A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1999021791A1 (en)

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US5881919A (en) 1999-03-16
AU1518199A (en) 1999-05-17
CA2307660A1 (en) 1999-05-06
AR015988A1 (en) 2001-05-30
EP1042216A1 (en) 2000-10-11
AU735292B2 (en) 2001-07-05

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