WO1998045650A1 - Anti-flash wick sustainer and pedestal - Google Patents
Anti-flash wick sustainer and pedestal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998045650A1 WO1998045650A1 PCT/US1997/022068 US9722068W WO9845650A1 WO 1998045650 A1 WO1998045650 A1 WO 1998045650A1 US 9722068 W US9722068 W US 9722068W WO 9845650 A1 WO9845650 A1 WO 9845650A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- candle
- sustainer
- wick
- floor
- fuel
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V35/00—Candle holders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V37/00—Details of lighting devices employing combustion as light source, not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D3/00—Burners using capillary action
- F23D3/02—Wick burners
- F23D3/16—Wick burners using candles
Definitions
- the invention relates to candles, and more specifically to a support for a candle wick which makes the flame go out before the fuel exceeds its flashpoint and all of the candle fuel is consumed.
- Candle wicks function by capillary action drawing a fuel, commonly molten wax, from a pool up through the wick to the flame.
- the capillary action can be through a fabric or thread wick or through a capillary tube.
- flash or “flashover.”
- the shallow pool of wax can be elevated above its flashpoint temperature, typically about 425°F with conventional, common waxes.
- the temperature within the candle can be elevated to at least 1200°F.
- a wick support such as the sustainer 2 shown in Fig. 1, is often used to provide lateral support to a wick in a candle to hold the wick in place during pouring of the wax or other fuel, and to keep the wick standing upright when the supporting wax around the wick burns very low.
- the wick is held in a bore formed completely through the sustainer.
- molten wax 4 is drawn upwardly through the wick sides initially, and is carried to the flame.
- the heat from the flame liquifies the wax all around the sustainer 2.
- molten wax 4 can be drawn from beneath the sustainer 2 through the bore and upwardly to the flame . This permits the majority of the wax 4 to be consumed before the flame goes out from lack of fuel. When the depth of the molten wax 4 is sufficiently small, the flashover problem can occur.
- Flashover is a problem which causes significant damage and harm. Therefore, the need exists for an inexpensive and simple safety device for preventing, or decreasing the likelihood of, flashover.
- An object of the invention is to keep the source of candle ignition sufficiently above the floor of a container or bottom of a freestanding candle, and to simultaneously prevent candle fuel from being drawn from the reservoir pool once the depth of the fuel falls below a predetermined level. This maintains a thick reservoir of fuel in the container and keeps the temperature below the flashpoint of most candle fuels. A tall enough sustainer prevents the heat of a freestanding candle flame from melting the solid fuel through the candle floor, thereby preventing the molten fuel from spilling out the bottom.
- "Candle” is defined as a device which burns a solid or liquid fuel producing a flame which vaporizes the fuel as the fuel is drawn by capillary action to the flame. Examples include solid fuels such as wax, gel, liquid wax or oil candles, polymer fuel candles, oil lamps, and other devices meeting the preceding definition of candle .
- the invention can be embodied in an anti-flash wick support for a candle having a candle floor.
- the support comprises a wick sustainer having an upright neck, preferably a column.
- the neck has a wick bore which extends from a top end of the neck toward a bottom end of the sustainer.
- the top end of the neck extends above the floor an amount sufficient to prevent flashover.
- a fuel impervious closure is mounted to the sustainer at a bottom end of the bore. This closure prevents fuel from being drawn through the bore .
- the closure is an adhesive plug adhered to the sustainer and extending across the bore, and most preferably also adhering to the candle floor.
- the invention may be embodied in an anti- flash container for housing a candle.
- the container comprises a first floor joined to a side wall at a peripheral first floor edge.
- a pedestal extends upwardly from the first floor and has a fuel impervious second floor surface disposed above the first floor surface.
- the second floor surface supports a candle wick.
- Fig. 1 is a side view in section illustrating a prior art candle .
- Fig. 2 is a side view in section illustrating a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is a side view in section illustrating the candle of Fig. 2 after significant burning of the candle .
- Fig. 4 is a side view in section illustrating the candle of Figs. 2 and 3 after all available fuel has been consumed.
- Fig. 5 is a side view in section illustrating an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 6 is a side view in section illustrating another alternative embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 7 is a side view in section illustrating the preferred wick sustainer.
- Fig. 8 is a side view in section illustrating an alternative wick sustainer.
- Fig. 9 is a side view in section illustrating a freestanding candle using an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 10 is a side view in section illustrating the candle of Fig. 9 after significant burning has occurred.
- Fig. 11 is a side view in section illustrating an alternative wick sustainer.
- Fig. 12 is a side view in section illustrating an alternative wick sustainer.
- Fig. 13 is a side view in section illustrating a pedestal/sustainer combination in a freestanding candle .
- Fig. 14 is a side view in section illustrating an alternative embodiment.
- the candle 10 of Fig. 2 includes a container 12, a fuel, preferably wax 14 which has been poured into and solidified within the container 12 during manufacture, and a wick 18 mounted to a sustainer 16 at the candle floor.
- the candle floor is defined as the structure that supports the lowest part of the wax that can become part of the molten wax pool .
- the candle floor in the candle 10 of Fig. 2 is the container floor 13.
- the container 12 is a conventional glass jar such as used with container and votive candles, but can be a metal tin or tray.
- the sustainer 16 has an upwardly extending, preferably at least one-half inch tall neck, such as the column 22.
- the neck is defined as an upright, elongated body, which includes cylinders, cones and parallelepipeds.
- a cylindrical bore 20 is formed in the sustainer 16 extending from the top end 17 to the bottom end 19 and preferably having a diameter approximately equal to the diameter of the wick 18.
- the column 22 has an outwardly extending base 23, which is wider than the column 22 to inhibit tipping of the sustainer 16.
- the sustainer 16 is shown enlarged in Fig. 7.
- An adhesive plug 24 is adhered to the bottom end 19 of the base 23, and also to the upwardly facing surface of the floor 13 of the container 12. The plug 24 attaches the sustainer 16 to the floor 13 of the container 12, and functions as a closure to block the bore 20 at its bottom end.
- the plug 24 is fuel impervious, which is defined as preventing, or significantly restricting, the flow of molten wax and other common candle fuels.
- the plug 24 prevents or restricts fuel from flowing into the bore 20 where it can be drawn up the wick and burned.
- the plug 24 therefore serves a dual purpose: blocking fuel from entering the bore 20 from the bottom, and attaching the sustainer 16 to the floor 13.
- the sustainer 16 When the sustainer 16 is attached as shown in Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 6, it also prevents fuel that is being poured into the container 12 during manufacture from displacing the sustainer 16 from its preferred central position, and inhibits tipping of the wick once the hardened wax around it becomes liquified from the heat of burning.
- the candle 10 is shown in Fig. 3 after it ' has burned for a significant time.
- the molten wax pool 30 formed around the outside of the sustainer 16 feeds molten wax to the wick 18 as long as its upper surface 15 is at or above the top end 17 of the sustainer 16.
- the top end 17 of the sustainer 16 is at least approximately one-half inch above the floor 13 of the container 12. Once the upper surface 15 of the wax pool is no longer at or above the top end 17 of the sustainer 16, the wick 18 no longer receives fuel through the sides of the wick 18. Because the adhesive plug 24 prevents the molten wax 30 from being drawn by the wick 18 through the bottom end 19 of the sustainer 16, no fuel is drawn up to the flame and the flame goes out .
- the candle 10 is shown in Fig. 4 after still further burning.
- the flame has extinguished due to a lack of fuel, and the molten wax 30 has hardened back into solid wax 14 layer about one-half inch thick.
- the preferred sustainer 16 operates in two primary ways to prevent flashover.
- the sustainer 16 has a significant height which, as the wax 14 becomes shallower, keeps the flame far enough above the floor 13 that flashover is inhibited. This sustainer height is preferably at least about one-half inch or greater, but may vary significantly depending upon the type of fuel and its volatility or flashpoint. More volatile fuels may need a taller sustainer to keep the flame higher above the candle floor.
- the sustainer 16 is sealed at the bottom end 19 to prevent, or at least substantially restrict, the flow of fuel through the bore 20 to the flame.
- the at least one- half inch tall or taller sustainer ensures that the fuel will not become shallower than about one-half inch, because the flame will go out when it becomes fuel-starved after the top surface of the fuel drops below the one-half inch tall top end. Once the fuel reservoir is shallower than about one-half inch, the likelihood of flashover increases. By preventing the fuel depth from falling below about one-half inch, the likelihood of flashover is significantly reduced.
- an anti-flash pedestal may be mounted to the floor of a container.
- the pedestal 40 is integral with, and extends upwardly from, the floor 42 of the container 44.
- the container 44 is made of metal, but can alternatively be glass or ceramic.
- the pedestal 40 has an upper floor 46 which is disposed above the lower floor 42 about one-half to three- quarters of an inch.
- the upper floor 46 is fuel impervious, and therefore it prevents the flow of fuel into a wick resting on it once the upper surface of the fuel reservoir descends below the upper floor 46. By preventing the fuel from entering the wick, the pedestal 40 starves the candle of fuel and extinguishes the flame.
- the pedestal 40 can be formed when the container 44 is initially manufactured. If the container 44 is stamped metal, the pedestal 40 can be stamped into the container 44 during manufacture. If the container 44 is alternatively made of glass, the pedestal 40 can be molded into the container 44. Although it is preferred that the pedestal be integral with the container, a pedestal can be merely attached to an existing container by adhesives, welding, or other known attaching means. When the pedestal 40 has a height of about one- half inch or greater, it can be used in combination with a conventional sustainer 48, as shown in Fig. 5. The conventional sustainer 48 is sufficient because the upper floor 46 of the pedestal 40 is fuel impervious and disposed above the lower floor 42 about one-half inch or greater, which alone will cause the flame to go out before flashover becomes too probable.
- the fuel can be consumed down to the base of the sustainer 48 without the depth of the fuel reservoir becoming shallower than about one-half inch.
- the sustainer 50 then functions as in the preferred embodiment to cause the flame to go out when the top surface of the wax 56 falls below the top end of the sustainer 50.
- the pedestal 54 can be shorter than a pedestal used with an unsealed sustainer.
- the combined height of the pedestal 54 and sustainer 50 is about one-half inch or greater.
- An alternative sustainer 70 shown in Fig. 8, has a wall 72 formed at the bottom end of the bore 74.
- the wall 72 functions as a closure, and can be welded or adhered in position after the bore 74 is formed entirely through the sustainer 70, or the bore 74 can be merely formed partially through the sustainer 70 to leave the wall 72 remaining.
- the sustainer 70 shown in Fig. 8 is preferred for some candles, such as the freestanding candle 80 shown in Fig. 9.
- a freestanding candle is defined as a candle having a solid fuel, such as wax, that is not held within a noncombustible container. Freestanding candles do not have to be placed within a container for support, but can be.
- the freestanding candle 80 shown in Fig. 9 has an at least one-half inch tall sustainer 82, which is essentially identical to the sustainer 70 of Fig. 8.
- the sustainer 82 is mounted at the candle floor, which for the candle 80 is the surface upon which the bottom of the wax fuel of the candle 80 is resting. This surface can be an attached plate, a container floor, a tray or any horizontal surface.
- the wick 84 mounts in the sustainer 82, extending upwardly from the bottom end of the bore 86 to the top of the candle 80.
- the sustainers 90 and 92 can be used alone or in combination with a pedestal.
- the sustainers 90 and 92 have central bores 94 and 96, closures 98 and 100, and necks 102 and 104, respectively.
- Freestanding candles such as the candle 80 shown in Figs. 9 and 10, can also use a pedestal.
- the pedestal can be used alone or in combination with a sealed sustainer.
- the candle 110 shown in Fig. 13 has a pedestal 112 attached to a plate 114 mounted to the bottom of the candle 110.
- the plate 114 with integral pedestal can, for example, be inserted, prior to pouring of the wax, in a mold into which molten wax is poured to form the candle 110.
- the plate can be made of a noncombustible material or a combustible material, such as wax of the same or a higher melting temperature.
- the sustainer 116 must be sealed if the top surface of the pedestal 112 is less than about one-half inch above the upper surface of the plate 114, which is the candle floor in this embodiment .
- the sustainer 116 need not be sealed if the pedestal 112 is one- half inch tall or taller.
- the pedestal instead of attaching the pedestal 112 to the bottom of the candle 110 as shown in Fig. 13, the pedestal can be attached to the sidewalls 118 of the candle 110.
- FIG. 14 An alternative pedestal structure is shown in Fig. 14.
- the candle 130 has a concave indentation 132 formed at the bottom of the wax body 134.
- the sustainer 136 similar to the sustainer 70 of Fig. 8, is held in the wax body 134 by frictional engagement between the outer surface of the sustainer 136 and the wax surrounding the sustainer 136.
- the floor 138 is an attached plate, as illustrated in Fig. 14, but can be substituted by a container floor.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU55149/98A AU5514998A (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1997-11-24 | Anti-flash wick sustainer and pedestal |
CA002301318A CA2301318C (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1997-11-24 | Anti-flash wick sustainer and pedestal |
EP97951524A EP1007885A4 (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1997-11-24 | Anti-flash wick sustainer and pedestal |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/833,784 | 1997-04-09 | ||
US08/833,784 US5842850A (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1997-04-09 | Anti-flash wick sustainer and pedestal |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998045650A1 true WO1998045650A1 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
Family
ID=25265277
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1997/022068 WO1998045650A1 (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1997-11-24 | Anti-flash wick sustainer and pedestal |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5842850A (en) |
EP (1) | EP1007885A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5514998A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2301318C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998045650A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2356922A (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2001-06-06 | Daniel Holding Aps | Oil lamp with a support structure on base |
EP1135651A1 (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 2001-09-26 | Lumi-Lite Candle Company, Inc. | Anti-flash wick support |
WO2002033315A1 (en) * | 2000-10-18 | 2002-04-25 | Reckitt Benckiser (Uk) Limited | Candle comprising a container and a wick sustainer |
EP1417289A1 (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2004-05-12 | Bath & Body Works, Inc. | Flame-resistant wick holder for candle |
Families Citing this family (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB9723416D0 (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1998-01-07 | Globol Chem Uk Ltd | Low-burning candle |
US6454561B1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2002-09-24 | Lancaster Colony Corp. | Candle wick clip, candle and method |
US6544302B2 (en) | 1999-06-01 | 2003-04-08 | Bush Boake Allen | Composite candle compositions |
US6612360B1 (en) * | 1999-06-10 | 2003-09-02 | Ilc Dover, Inc. | Assembly for attaching fabric to metal and method of fabrication therefor |
US7524187B2 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2009-04-28 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Wick holder locking mechanism |
US7699603B2 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2010-04-20 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Multisensory candle assembly |
US7497685B2 (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2009-03-03 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Wick-holder assembly |
US7413435B2 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2008-08-19 | S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Fuel delivery method for melting plate candle |
US7442036B2 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2008-10-28 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Candle assembly and wick holder with improved capillary well for ensuring sustainable relight |
US7229280B2 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2007-06-12 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Wick holder magnetic retention means |
US20010030195A1 (en) | 2000-01-03 | 2001-10-18 | Chet Wright | Deep drawn candle can with formed safety bottom |
US7922482B2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2011-04-12 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Candle and wick holder therefor |
US7198484B2 (en) * | 2001-01-11 | 2007-04-03 | The Candlewatch Co., Llc | System to automatically extinguish a candle |
US6494708B1 (en) * | 2001-01-11 | 2002-12-17 | John Gregory Hart | Safety device for candles |
US6508644B1 (en) | 2001-08-17 | 2003-01-21 | Bath & Body Works, Inc. | Flame-resistant wick holder for candle |
US6604940B2 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-08-12 | Lumi-Lite Candle Company, Inc. | Assembling candle wick in sustainer |
US8348662B2 (en) * | 2001-11-19 | 2013-01-08 | Lumetique, Inc. | Candle having a planar wick and method of and equipment for making same |
US6863525B2 (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2005-03-08 | Ralph Dwayne Byrd | Safety candle and method of forming same |
US7731492B2 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2010-06-08 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Fuel charge for melting plate candle assembly and method of supplying liquefied fuel to a wick |
US7467944B2 (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2008-12-23 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Candle assembly including a fuel element and a wick holder |
US20050227190A1 (en) * | 2004-04-09 | 2005-10-13 | Pappas George G | Candle with low melt temperature fuel region for extinguishing |
US20050274062A1 (en) * | 2004-06-09 | 2005-12-15 | Sharon Yingst | Candle using solidified skin care agents for fuel, and providing skin care liquid as an operational end product |
US7654822B2 (en) | 2005-07-15 | 2010-02-02 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Candle assembly including a fuel element with a locating recess and a melting plate with a locating protrusion |
US20060292508A1 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2006-12-28 | Reisman S D | Self-extinguishing candle |
US20070238060A1 (en) * | 2006-04-06 | 2007-10-11 | Douglas Gerhardt | Oil candle apparatus |
US20070128561A1 (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2007-06-07 | Candlewatch Company, Llc | System and method to automatically extinguish a candle |
US8708694B2 (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2014-04-29 | Dream Wick Inc. | Wooden wicks including a booster for a candle and method of making |
US11834623B2 (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2023-12-05 | Delcotto Ip, Llc | Wooden wicks including a booster for a candle and method of making |
DE202009003812U1 (en) | 2009-03-20 | 2009-05-28 | Denk Keramische Werkstätten e.K. | Lamp with sleeve for receiving a wick |
US8668492B2 (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2014-03-11 | Jacqueline Elaine Carroll | Removable wick |
US8573967B2 (en) | 2010-10-01 | 2013-11-05 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Candle assembly and fuel element therefor |
DE202011106037U1 (en) | 2011-04-06 | 2011-12-28 | Axel Schulz-Eppers | Device for burning candle residues |
US8882496B2 (en) | 2011-04-21 | 2014-11-11 | S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Container candle, insert therefor and method of making |
US20130029276A1 (en) * | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-31 | Gerhardt Douglas S | Oil candle apparatus |
US11220655B2 (en) | 2015-03-18 | 2022-01-11 | Melynda S. Del Cotto | Wood wick coated with shavings |
US9816053B2 (en) | 2015-03-26 | 2017-11-14 | Melynda S DelCotto | Candle having a wooden wick with figured grain |
USD851813S1 (en) | 2015-09-25 | 2019-06-18 | Lumetique, Inc. | Wick for candle or other lighting apparatus |
DE102018109984A1 (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2019-10-31 | Denk Keramische Werkstätten e.K. | Luminaire for generating light by burning a liquid vegetable oil |
USD932065S1 (en) | 2018-07-03 | 2021-09-28 | S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Jar |
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US2481019A (en) * | 1948-02-21 | 1949-09-06 | James A Joyce | Ornamental colored flame candle |
FR2202263B1 (en) * | 1972-10-09 | 1977-04-01 | Decroix Paul |
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1997
- 1997-04-09 US US08/833,784 patent/US5842850A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-24 WO PCT/US1997/022068 patent/WO1998045650A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-11-24 AU AU55149/98A patent/AU5514998A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-11-24 EP EP97951524A patent/EP1007885A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-11-24 CA CA002301318A patent/CA2301318C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1135651A1 (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 2001-09-26 | Lumi-Lite Candle Company, Inc. | Anti-flash wick support |
EP1135651A4 (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 2002-06-12 | Lumi Lite Candle Company Inc | Anti-flash wick support |
GB2356922A (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2001-06-06 | Daniel Holding Aps | Oil lamp with a support structure on base |
WO2002033315A1 (en) * | 2000-10-18 | 2002-04-25 | Reckitt Benckiser (Uk) Limited | Candle comprising a container and a wick sustainer |
AU2001295745B2 (en) * | 2000-10-18 | 2005-09-01 | Reckitt Benckiser (Uk) Limited | Candle comprising a container and a wick sustainer |
EP1417289A1 (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2004-05-12 | Bath & Body Works, Inc. | Flame-resistant wick holder for candle |
EP1417289A4 (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2005-10-19 | Bath & Body Works Inc | Flame-resistant wick holder for candle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2301318A1 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
EP1007885A1 (en) | 2000-06-14 |
AU5514998A (en) | 1998-10-30 |
US5842850A (en) | 1998-12-01 |
EP1007885A4 (en) | 2003-05-07 |
CA2301318C (en) | 2006-03-21 |
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