WO1994025793A1

WO1994025793A1 - Continuously burning candle

Info

Publication number: WO1994025793A1
Application number: PCT/EP1993/002109
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hans-Ludwig Schirneker
Original assignee: Star Candle Kerzensysteme Für Tisch + Tafel Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date: 1993-04-29
Filing date: 1993-08-07
Publication date: 1994-11-10
Also published as: AU4708493A; EP0648320A1

Abstract

In a continuously burning candle, paraffin-like fuel (8) is laterally enclosed by an envelope (M), at the center of which is arranged a non-combustible wick (5) which slightly projects above the top edge (R) of the envelope in a constant manner while the fuel (8) is consumed. A venting lid (D) with a central opening which is slightly larger than the diameter of the flame is arranged on the edge (R) of the envelope. A cylinder (Z), in particular a glass cylinder, is arranged thereon, concentrically to the wick (5). Air inlets (70) are distributed all around the venting lid (D) next to the lower end of the cylinder (Z) and/or between the venting lid (D) and the cylinder (Z).

Description

Continuous burning light

The invention relates to a continuous burning light, paraffin-like fuel being laterally enclosed by a jacket, in the center of which an incombustible wick is constantly arranged slightly projecting over the upper jacket edge during the burning of the fuel.

In a previously known candle in the manner of a tealight according to DE 34 03 604 AI, the wick consisting of a cotton thread is arranged in an upright tube which is permeable to liquid fuel, with an absorbent body surrounding the wick being provided within this tube for suction of liquefied fuel, such as molten wax. The tube surrounding the wick prevents the flame from sinking as the fuel level drops. However, the tube cannot prevent the wick thread made of cotton material from burning with the candle, which is why the wick is not reusable. This known candle cannot be ignited again if it has been extinguished after it has been partially burnt and the wax remaining in the cup-like container solidifies; because in the vicinity of the upper end of the wick at which the flame is burning, then there is not enough wax available to the flame to feed ^'such time as is until the wick surrounding wax softens and surrounding by the wick saugförmigen body can be conveyed to the flame.

The continuous burning light at the beginning after the older one In contrast, DE P 42 03 644.5 provided that the flame always burns at the same height and solid fuel can be refilled, so that the container and the non-flammable wick as well as the absorbent body and the casing can be used many times. It was envisaged that a thicker or more thin rings of fuel could be added in a stack.

Furthermore, candle lights are known, which carry a sink head with a sink coat enclosing the wax body and have a permanent fire wick that also sinks, so that it protrudes slightly beyond the upper edge of the coat.

It is an object of the invention to achieve a calmer burning of the flame and better fuel utilization and / or a greater light and / or heat yield with lower pollutant emissions.

The solution to the problem is that an air guide cover with a central opening, which is slightly larger than a flame diameter, is arranged on the jacket edge and a cylinder, in particular glass cylinder, is arranged concentrically to the wick and in the air guide cover next to the lower end of the Cylinder and / or supply air openings are left on all sides between the air duct cover and the cylinder.

Advantageous refinements are specified in the subclaims.

The novel design of the lid with the air openings and the glass cylinder attached bring about a concentration of the flame area, so that a higher firing temperature and an approximately 20% higher light and heat yield can be achieved if the Wick dimensioning will maintain. Of course, with a correspondingly smaller wick diameter, normal brightness and accordingly a longer burning time can be achieved.

A short, narrow cylinder with a diameter of approximately 22 mm and a length of 35 mm can be used, which protrudes above the flame by at least 5 mm, or a longer and relatively larger cylinder, which, however, carries a preferably flat dome-shaped cover with a central outlet opening at the top, which has a width, like the narrow cylinder, that is about 2 to 3 times the diameter of the flame. The cross sections of the supply air openings are kept somewhat smaller than the outlet cross section due to the lower inlet temperature. In this way, an inflow of cold air through the upper central outlet opening is avoided and the flame burns smoothly and without loss. The sum of the supply air cross sections is adapted to the oxygen requirement of the flame, taking into account the flow conditions, so that there is no sooting of the flame or unnecessary cooling of the flame. The convex curvature of the ring-shaped lid prevents liquid wax from creeping out.

So that the wax is not cooled, the supply air openings are advantageous near the flame, and so that the flame is properly flowed through, the inside diameter of the cover is narrower than the cylinder diameter. It has proven to be advantageous if the inside diameter of the cover is only slightly larger than the flame diameter and is 11 mm. The lid expediently has a flat depression or protuberance around the inner opening, so that the cylinder centered in it.

Furthermore, it has proven to be advantageous to use an annular lower cover in the cover, which has a larger inner diameter of approximately 19 mm than the upper cover and which is spaced 1 to 3 mm from the dome of the upper cover, so that the supply air through the gap can pass through without cooling the liquid wax.

If, for example, such a continuous burning light has been lit with a cup containing two or three stacked annular fuel bodies, the fuel melts, e.g. Paraffin, known to be in the immediate vicinity of the flame, and flows, for example, through a vertical joint in the tube surrounding the absorbent body to the wick. Gradually all the paraffin rings melt completely, so that the fuel in the cup-like container is completely liquid. As soon as the fuel is used up, the flame goes out. Additional fuel rings can be added, whereupon thanks to the fuel punched out, which closely surrounds the fiber bundle of the wick, a flame can easily be reignited at the tip of the fiber bundle. Even if the steady-state light is extinguished before the fuel in the cup-like container has been used up, a ring of solid fuel of appropriate thickness can be added before a flame is ignited again.

The new designs, in which on the well wall, the jacket, the lid with the air openings, which supports the glass cylinder, is a large part of the heat radiated by the flame from Cover collected and passed over the jacket to the bottom of the well, so that all the fuel melts, if the well is 4 times the height of the current standard, that is to say over 70 mm high. This results in a long burning time and thus saves frequent refilling of fuel tablets.

The absorbent body is preferably made of essentially vertically arranged glass wool threads with inserted thin copper wires. The large amount of free space in the glass wool results in a considerable fuel supply, which serves to supply the flame well in the period after the ignition until the fuel outside the casing has liquefied. The copper wires; e.g. 24 pieces available; have a diameter of 0.1 mm and are used for heat conduction into the interior of the wick.

Above the glass wool filling, the absorbent body, a cap made of 0.15 mm thick steel sheet is arranged as the end of the casing. This is preferably laminated on the top with a plate made of glass fiber fabric of about 0.15 mm thick. When lit, this reduces heat dissipation and the immediate flow of wax to the wick.

Alternatively, the steel cap is equipped with a thin sheet steel ring towards the wick opening, which is kept at a short distance by embossing, so that a capillary gap remains, which returns liquid wax to the inside. This prevents decomposition and charring of the wax in the outskirts, and the cap with the sheet steel ring remains shiny metallic. The cap has good thermal contact with the raw shell, so that the heat absorbed by it is dissipated downward and melt the wax, paraffin or the like.

The tubular casing is held in a holder which is parallel to the bottom of the cup and preferably on this floor in order to hold the casing in the center and thus centered in the cup. A metal-clad glass fiber fleece is preferably used as the holder, which promotes the liquid fuel to the wick practically without residue. In terms of punching technology, the metallic casing is equipped with right-angled or acute-angled tabs which are angled in a star shape, with either the entire casing or the tabs being inserted through the fleece and thus providing the casing with a good central hold in the container. The star-shaped support tabs also provide sufficient support when a new fuel ring is pushed in and its bead area is punched out with the envelope edge as free, near-wick fuel. When the sheath flaps are inserted into the glass fiber fleece, small gusset areas between the flaps above the fleece are preferably left free, through which liquid fuel can flow to the wick body. In addition, the nonwoven on the bottom conveys the fuel to the wick body and to the fiber bundle, which advantageously extends there. So that the heat that is absorbed by the shell is used as completely as possible for the melting of the fuel, it is advantageously provided that in the bottom of the cup, which generally consists of sheet metal, a recess is embossed in the center area, so that the fastening tabs on the bottom do not touch.

Within the well-like container, a heat-conducting layer, such as, for example, an aluminum foil, is arranged near the bottom of the same, which dissipates the heat laterally from the casing, so that the inside Container fuel is completely used up and can flow to the lower end of the wick. There is preferably a glass fiber fleece disc under the metallic, fire-retardant film, which directs the fuel to the absorbent body. In addition, it provides the sheath with a hold for angled holding tabs formed on it, which are designed in a star shape. The film is preferably laminated onto the fleece.

The longitudinal slit in the tubular wick holder is expediently only a few hundredths of a millimeter wide in order to prevent the flame from creeping downward on the outside of the casing and the absorbent body when the container is largely burnt empty.

Further advantageous configurations result when the light is used in decorative bodies. It is intended to provide the usual decorative, thick wax candles, which, if burned at all, generally only burn out to a small extent and then only soot and flicker, with a cylindrical recess into which there is a wall distance of 1 - 2 mm a receiving tube is inserted, which surrounds the well of light with a heat-insulating gap. On the bottom side, the decorative body is provided with supply air slots so that cooling air can spread through a ring of cooling air bores in the receiving tube under and next to the cell and the outer wax body does not thaw. Preferably, the recess is lined on the inside with a reflective film, so that soft wax can also be used for the decorative body. To keep the cups apart, it is preferably provided with a support collar made of plastic, which is attached below the edge of the lid. The decorative bodies provide the advantage from a thermal and combustion point of view that the combustion air is preheated in or on them, as a result of which the combustion temperature rises. The heat radiated downwards is thus harnessed.

The cup with the high capacity can also advantageously be used in any decorative body in the form of a lamp or candle. The lower empty space is available for the storage of refueling fuel bodies. In a further advantageous form of use, the cup is perforated at the bottom, so that the liquefied fuel can escape into the decorative body and flow back again when the fuel level drops. In this way, the capacity can be doubled and refilling is possible if fuel is still available for some time. For example, one filling of the cup with three fuel tablets is sufficient for 6 hours and the supply in the surrounding decorative vessel is also sufficient for 6 hours. The fuel lying outside the well begins to melt after about 15 minutes and is then fully available. The long burning time and the less frequent refilling is an advantage, especially in service companies.

A dummy candle advantageously has a white or wax-colored cover made of metal, which is preferably held firmly connected to a weakly heat-conducting cylinder jacket made of white or wax-colored plastic or the like. This cylinder jacket is spaced apart from the fuel container cup.

A further advantageous embodiment is given in that an obliquely inclined on the cylinder Deflector is arranged. In this way, the rising hot air creates a shear force. This is used as a driving force in a rotatable arrangement with one or preferably several lights of this type if the transverse force is directed tangentially to the rotating arrangement. Since the deflector is close to the flame and the exhaust gases rise through the cylinder in a concentrated manner, there is a high transverse drive force.

In the drawing, exemplary embodiments of the steady-state light according to the invention are shown schematically, and that shows

Figure 1 is arranged a vertical section through a continuous light in a first embodiment in a mobile.

Figure 2 is a plan view of the lid of the continuous light with the cylinder removed.

Figure 3 is a vertical section through a second embodiment of the continuous light.

Fig. 4 is a vertical section through a third embodiment of the continuous light.

A continuous light (1) shown in FIG. 1 has a cup-like container (2) which surrounds the fuel (8) with a jacket (M) and which can be partially closed with a removable cover (D). Both the cup (2) and the dome-like cover (D) are formed from sheet metal. In the middle of the container (2) there is a suction body (4), which consists of inorganic non-flammable material and which contains a glass fiber bundle (5) or the like as the wick in the middle. The lid (D) has a central circular opening, as shown in FIG. 2. This opening is surrounded in a star shape by air guide openings (70).

The continuous light (1) is gem. Fig. 1 designed in the manner of a tea light. In its container (2) fuel rings (8) are inserted, which can consist of paraffin, stearin or the like.

The absorbent body (4) is surrounded by a sleeve (12) which is stamped from sheet metal and has a tubular shape and has a vertical groove. On the underside, preferably acute-angled tabs (14) are punched onto the cover sheet, which are inserted through a bottom-side disc-shaped glass fiber fleece (20) and angled in a star shape laterally, so that the wick is firmly held. The tabs (14) have small gusset openings above the fleece (20) through which the liquefied fuel immediately reaches the absorbent body (4). The cover (12) is closed at the top with a cap (16) made of thin steel sheet, which is coated with a thin glass fiber fabric plate (17) or in the area around the wick opening carries a thin plate-shaped steel ring (17A) - right half of the image - which is punctiform Expressions are held at a capillary distance from the cap (16) and are connected in the wick opening to the cap by means of punched-out and flanged tabs.

In order to prevent heating and extensive ignition of the fuel, it is advisable to laminate an annular cover plate (15) with ventilation holes on the glass fiber fleece (20). This cover plate (15) is a film of thermally conductive material or a thin sheet almost completely covering the fleece, for example an aluminum foil. This distributes the heat of the flame transported downward from the heat-conducting material (12) of the flame over the floor, so that the fuel in the outer, distant area of the container (2) completely melts and is used to supply the flame Available. The glass fiber fleece (20) lying on the floor and the cover plate (15) are round, as shown in the top view, or otherwise adapted to the cross section of the container (2), and are held therein in a positive and non-positive manner.

The wick (5) consists of a glass fiber bundle, which is preferably surrounded by a wire spiral made of thin wire, which prevents the fiber bundle from fanning out.

Furthermore, it is provided that a metal wire made of a good heat-conductive and poorly flammable metal is inserted into the glass fiber bundle. It is made of copper, for example, and its diameter is selected so that a desired flame height is produced. The metal wire helps to conduct the heat evenly to the deeper material located in and near the wick (5) while the flame is burning. The metal wire preferably ends about 2 to 3 mm below the tip of the wick, which facilitates ignition, since the low heat of ignition remains in the tip and becomes effective.

The absorbent body (4) preferably consists of vertically arranged glass wool threads which are interspersed with thin copper wires.

The cover (D) overlaps with a circumferential ring edge, the edge of the coat (R). According to FIG. 2, the cover (D) concentrically has a depression (A), by which the glass cylinder (Z) is kept centered. The central opening of the lid is slightly larger than the flame diameter and is 9-12 mm. The cylinder (Z) has a 2 to 3 times the diameter compared to the flame diameter and is preferably equipped for the use of the light in a rechaud with a minimal cylinder which projects above the flame by about 5 mm and an inner diameter of 22 mm and a height of 35 mm.

In a special embodiment for use in a mobile (30), an oblique deflector (W) of the combustion gases is arranged on the cylinder (Z) at the top as a drive surface for the mobile (30). Alternatively, a deflector (Wl), shown in dashed lines, is attached to the cover (D). The soot-free combustion prevents soot fogging on the deflector (W) and the concentrated guidance of the combustion air through the cylinder (Z) onto the deflector (W) results in a relatively strong side thrust of the mobile (30). This is formed by a central stand (31) with rotatably mounted, interconnected side arms (32), on each of which a light (1) is arranged so that the driving force of the deflector (W) is directed tangentially to its path of movement. The deflector is preferably made of shiny metal so that the light is emitted laterally.

FIG. 3 shows a form of use of the continuous light in a decorative candle (91). This is provided with a recess (92), which surrounds a receiving tube (93) at a distance, that an upper support edge (76) has, in which a support collar (75) is held, which encloses the jacket of the container at the top, near the lid and, with a section narrowed downward, brings about a heat-insulating spacing of the jacket from the receiving tube (93). The wax body (91) has radial supply air ducts (95) at the bottom, which lead into a central bore (97) which ventilates the receiving tube (93) from below. The receiving tube (93) has cooling air bores (96) below the container (2), through which cooling air enters the space to the recess (92) on the wall side, which emerges on the top side. The wall distance (94) is 1 - 2 mm, so that a good cooling air flow is guaranteed. If the decorative body (91) consists of a wax with a low deformation temperature, it is advisable to line the wall of the recess (92) with a reflective film (99).

In the present exemplary embodiment, the cover (D) is held on support feet (74) on a lower cover (Dl) which has a slightly larger central opening than the cover (D). The support feet (74) create a gap between the cover (D) and the lower cover (Dl), so that an inlet air opening (71) for the combustion air is formed there. Instead of arranging the two superimposed lids (D, Dl) according to FIG. 3, two such lids can also be introduced in the arrangement according to FIG. 1, the lower lid being arranged under the domed lid (D).

FIG. 4 shows a further advantageous arrangement of the light in a decorative body (90) with a base which is made of non-softening material. Here, the support collar (75), the jacket (M) surrounds and has spacers (77) directed downward, supported directly on a support edge (76) in the upper part of the decorative body (90). Thus, the container (2) is held completely self-supporting in the decorative body (90), which may be heat-conductive. The lid (D) is supported on the support collar (75) and supports the cylinder (Z), which for decorative reasons has a diameter which corresponds approximately to that of the cup (2) and is approximately twice the diameter. The cylinder (Z) has a cover (72) at the top, which has an outlet opening (73) centrally, the cross section of which is slightly larger than the sum of the air inlet cross sections of the air inlet openings (71), which ensures a draft-free and flicker-free burning of the flame .

In a preferred embodiment, the container is perforated on the bottom side with at least one bore (B2), so that the fuel in the liquefied state can communicate between the interior of the container and the interior of the decorative body (ZR) and there is an increase in capacity. Also, after a new loading of the container (2) with fuel tablets, the fuel level has dropped after a short time after startup, so that there is practically no risk of spillage during transport.

The different versions of the parts of the continuous light according to FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 can be combined with one another as desired.

Claims

1. Continuous-burning light, paraffin-like fuel (8) being laterally enclosed by a jacket (M), in the middle of which an incombustible wick (5) is arranged slightly above the upper jacket edge (R) during the burning of the fuel (8) , characterized in that an air guide cover (D) with a central opening, which is somewhat wider than a flame diameter, is arranged on the jacket edge (R) and a cylinder (Z), in particular glass cylinder, is arranged thereon concentrically with the wick (5) and in the air guide cover (D) next to the lower end of the cylinder (Z) and / or between the air guide cover (D) and the cylinder (Z), all-round supply air openings (70, 71) are left.

2. Continuous burning light according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder (Z) projects beyond the flame by at least 5 mm and has at least an inner diameter of 15 mm, preferably 22 mm.

3. Continuous burning light according to claim 2, characterized in that the cylinder (Z) has an inner diameter which corresponds approximately to the diameter of the shell (M) and has a greater height than the diameter and a constriction or a cover (72) at the top has an outlet opening (73), the cross section of which is somewhat larger than the sum of the cross sections of the air inlet openings (71, 72).

4. Continuous burning light according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cylinder (Z) in a flat depression (A) of the air guide cover (D) or on a ring of spacer feet (74) is held.

5. Continuous burning light according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air guide cover (D) is designed as a flat dome.

6. Continuous burning light according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air guide cover (D) at a distance of 1-3 mm has a lower cover (Dl) which has a slightly larger inner opening.

7. continuous light according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the jacket (M) is the wall of a cup (2), and the air guide cover (D) with an annular edge overlaps the jacket (M).

8. continuous light according to claim 7, characterized in that the cup (2) is 18 - 70 mm high and the centrally arranged glass fiber wick (5) is surrounded by a somewhat lower absorbent body (4) made of vertically arranged glass fiber threads with inlaid thin copper wires , which is covered by a metallic sheath (12), which has a narrow lateral slot and is covered with a metallic cap (16) connected in a heat-conducting manner, from which the wick (5) protrudes and which is covered with a glass fiber fabric plate (17) or in the middle area carries a riveted ring plate (17A) held at a capillary distance.

9. continuous light according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the cup (2) below the ring edge of the lid (D) has a support collar (75) which bears a spacer (77) of smaller diameter directed downward.

10. continuous light according to claim 9, characterized in that the cup (2) with the support collar (75) in an annular support edge (76) of a decorative body (90, 91) is kept self-supporting spaced apart from this on all sides in a heat-insulating manner and the cup ( 2) perforated at the bottom if necessary.

11. Continuous burning light according to claim 10, characterized in that the decorative body (90, 91) consists of incombustible material or wax and this wax decorative body (91) has a vertical cylindrical recess (92) in which a receiving tube (93) is arranged , in which the cup (2) is held and which, at least in the section surrounding the cup (2), has an outer wall clearance (94) which is ventilated from below by supply air ducts (95).

12. Continuous burning light according to claim 11, characterized in that the receiving tube (93) has cooling air bores (96) in the lower region and the supply air channels (95) extend radially on the underside of the wax body (91) and through a central bore (97) into the receiving tube (93) lead.

13. Continuous burning light according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the recess (92) is lined with a reflective film (99) at least in the area with the wall distance (94).

14. Continuous light according to claim 1, characterized in that above the outlet opening of the cylinder (Z) an obliquely upward deflector (W, Wl) is held on the cylinder (Z) or on the air guide cover (D), and that the continuous light (1) is carried by a side arm (32) which is rotatably mounted on a stand (31) of a mobile (30).

15. Continuous burning light according to claim 14, characterized in that the deflector (W, Wl) is made of shiny metal sheet.