WO1994013492A1 - Copy-protected document and method for obtaining same - Google Patents
Copy-protected document and method for obtaining same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994013492A1 WO1994013492A1 PCT/BE1993/000077 BE9300077W WO9413492A1 WO 1994013492 A1 WO1994013492 A1 WO 1994013492A1 BE 9300077 W BE9300077 W BE 9300077W WO 9413492 A1 WO9413492 A1 WO 9413492A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- document
- network
- light
- interference
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
Definitions
- the invention relates to documents protected against reproduction, in particular by electrostatic photocopying.
- the invention also relates to the methods of manufacturing such documents.
- GB-A-2 129 739 describes a document on which is arranged an area comprising a diffraction grating reproducing a hologram.
- the diffraction grating is based on a metallic or metallized reflecting layer. This area serves as a support for a graphic whose appearance changes according to the angle from which the document is viewed. This characteristic change makes it possible to visually authenticate the document.
- GB-A-2 093 404 discloses a document protected in particular against counterfeiting by photocopying comprising authentication zones dated with a reflective layer with diffraction effect. This area is made up of a metallic or metallized substrate, the surface of which forms a raised network and a transparent protective layer.
- the structure of the reflective layer is calculated so that a polychromatic ray striking said layer is reflected in the form of two separate and distinct light beams of contrasting colors.
- EP-A-0 201 323 discloses a transparent hologram comprising a transparent hologram support layer whose surface has the shape of a diffraction grating in relief. This first support layer is applied to a second transparent layer having a refractive index different from that of the first layer. This superimposition has the effect of strengthening the image of the hologram.
- This hologram can be placed on a printed document whose graphics remain visible despite the superimposition with the holographic image. All the devices described in this state of the art have the essential effect of authenticating the original document which serves as their support. A fraudulent copy, in particular by color photocopy, will essentially differ from the original document by the absence of the hologram.
- a first object of the invention is to obtain documents, such as paper money, which are impossible to reproduce by photocopying and which retain this characteristic in a lasting manner. Another object of the invention is that the protection of these documents be, under normal light of a relative discretion and that it does not alter the readability of the underlying graphics.
- Another object of the invention is to cause the appearance of permanent coloring defects which are easily identifiable on fraudulent copies of documents.
- the subject of the invention is a document protected against reproduction, in particular by color photocopying, comprising a support with printed pattern, and at least one layer of transparent polymeric material, one face of this at least one layer forming an interference network in relief, this at least one layer covering at least part of the printed support, this document is characterized in that - in diffuse light, this at least one layer appears as transparent and does not significantly interfere with the observation of the underlying printed pattern; - in directed polychromatic light, in particular when the document is placed in a photocopier device comprising an illumination device and a reading device, the relief interference network is capable of reflecting aberrantly according to one or more of its orders diffraction light hitting the document.
- the configuration of the interference network is such that when a beam polychromatic directed light is directed towards said document, at least certain light wavelengths of this beam are aberrantly reflected by said interference network before reaching the support of this document; these reflected light wavelengths are returned in the normal direction of reflection of the beam which coincides with the location of a reading device in such a way that they generate in this direction an excess of illumination or a saturation of the colors of these light wavelengths.
- the configuration of the interference network is such that when a beam of directed light is directed towards said document, this beam crosses said network and the transparent layer, at least part of the wavelengths reflected by the printed medium being deviated from their normal path when these wavelengths of light pass through the interference network, so that the image of the document reflected in the normal direction of reflection, which coincides with the location of a reading device is devoid of all or part of its surface of the colors corresponding to the deviated light wavelengths.
- the document advantageously comprises on its surface several interference networks capable of interfering with distinct light wavelengths.
- It can also have on its surface several interference networks oriented differently with respect to each other so that the light wavelengths with which these different networks are capable of interfering are oriented in different directions.
- the interference network is capable of causing the transient appearance of a visual effect when the document is rotated in diffuse light.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing documents protected against reproduction, in particular by photocopying according to any one of the preceding claims, these documents comprising a support with printed pattern; this process includes the following operations:
- this interference network affixing this interference network on the printed support, this network being supported by one face of a layer of transparent polymeric material disposed on at least part of the printed support, the said network not interfering with the vision of the printed mofif on the support when the document is observed in diffuse light but being able to distribute aberrantly according to one or more of its orders of diffraction a beam of directed polychromatic light reaching the document.
- the relief interference network is preferably produced by holography of a point light source.
- it advantageously comprises the following operations: having a coherent light flow emitted by a laser, dividing this flow into two partial flows, making these two partial flows converge, by reflection, - passing each of these partial flows to the -through a spatial filter, project these two partial flows at a determined angle onto a layer of photopolymerizable material, so that these fluxes interfere with each other and form a network on said photopolymerizable layer light interference, develop the photo-polymerizable layer so as to obtain a relief at each point of this layer proportional to the exposure of this point, - metallize by evaporation under vacuum the relief surface of the photo-polymerizable layer, deposit by electrolysis a metallic layer on the surface of the photopolymerizable layer, from which obtaining a metallic matrix reproducing, inverted, the imprint of the interference network.
- Each of the two partial flows preferably forms an angle of approximately 15 ° with a line perpendicular to the photopolymerizable layer, the partial flows forming an angle of approximately 30 ° between them.
- the interference network obtained generally has a minimum density of the order of 1000 lines / mm.
- This interference network advantageously comprises several distinct zones capable of deflecting each a beam of light directed in different ways.
- the affixing of the interference network on the printed support comprises, according to an advantageous embodiment, the following operations:
- the affixing of the interference network to the support comprises the following operations:
- Affixing the interference network to the support may include transfer, with interposition of a layer of adhesive material of a first and the second layer of transparent polymeric material, the common face of these two layers having the form of a network of interferences in relief, integral with one another on the support with printed pattern.
- An advantage of the process according to the invention is that it applies in principle to all the models of color photocopiers existing on the market and that the interference network to be affixed on documents to be protected can be, if necessary, modified to ensure sufficient degradation of the image of the document obtained in possible new photocopier models even governed by an entirely different optical configuration.
- Another advantage is that the interference network used to protect documents is infinitely less complex than a conventional holographic image and is therefore much less sensitive to degradation than other processes using holograms.
- Another advantage is that the interference network is not very visible under normal light, and therefore does not interfere with the visual examination of the printed characteristics of the document.
- Another advantage is that the network is nevertheless easy to highlight for example, by a transient visual effect (such as the appearance of an iridescence or colored spots) appearing when it is rotated and can be used as a complement for authenticate the document.
- a transient visual effect such as the appearance of an iridescence or colored spots
- Another advantage is that the process can be applied to any document of which there can only be one "authentic" document (identity documents, titles, etc.).
- the object of the invention is not to provide the document to be protected with a very locatable hologram (or similar) allowing the public to attest the authenticity of said document, but on the contrary to obtain a hologram of a relative discretion, on transparent basis and not altering the readability of the underlying graphics. It is during reproduction, and in particular photocopying, necessarily using highly directional lighting, that the presence of the hologram is revealed, providing the reproduction with a permanent color task which disturbs the general appearance of the document.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the assembly used for producing interference fringes by holography.
- Figs. 2a-e are schematic sectional views of steps for producing a matrix for embossing the layer covering the document to be protected.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the operating principle of a document according to the invention protected "by reflection”.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view of the operating principle of a document according to the invention protected "by transmission”.
- Fig. 1 shows an assembly diagram used for the realization by holography of an interference network as used in the invention.
- This arrangement makes it possible to fix on a layer of photo-polymerizable material 1 the interference fringes of two light beams 2,3.
- the photo-polymerizable material (“photo-resi ⁇ t"), added with a solvent, is poured in a thin layer on a glass support plate 4. After drying, a light-sensitive layer is obtained (between 340 and 500 nm ), with a high degree of resolution (greater than 1500 lines / mm) and approximately 1 ⁇ m thick.
- An interference network is obtained by exposing the sensitive surface 1 to two light beams 2,3 obtained from a light flux coherent emitted by a laser 5.
- an ionized argon laser emitting a wavelength of 457.9 nm was used for a measured power of 75 mW.
- the flux emitted by the laser 5 is directed onto a semi-transparent mirror 6 where it is divided into two partial flows 7, 8. These two partial flows 7.8 are made to converge using mirrors 9. Each partial flow 7 , 8 then passes through a spatial filter 10 and is spread out so as to illuminate the whole of the sensitive layer 1. Each of the two fluxes 2.3 is projected onto the sensitive layer 1 at an angle of 15 ° by compared to the perpendicular, the two flows form an angle of 30 ° between them.
- each point of the sensitive layer therefore result two rays of coherent light which interfere with each other, and it is therefore their resultant which more or less impresses the layer 1 at this point.
- Each point forms with the neighboring points having undergone a comparable illumination a kind of grid or grid of interferences.
- the layer After passing through a revealing bath, the layer shows a fine network effect in relief of hollows and reserves.
- the development time is calculated so as to give maximum contrast, which makes it possible to obtain a well-marked relief.
- Holography is a practical and reliable method to obtain such an interference network but it is obvious that one can also use other methods such as numerical calculation, laser engraving etc.
- the arrangement of the elements in this assembly makes it possible to achieve the desired result with very good efficiency for most photocopiers on the market at the time of application.
- the general configuration of these photocopiers does not fundamentally vary from one model to another.
- one or more interference networks can be perfectly realized, if necessary on the same sensitive plate, in which the light fluxes reflected are concentrated or dispersed so as to degrade the reproduced image with the same efficiency.
- Fig. 2 shows the various conventional phases for the manufacture of a matrix used in the process according to the invention. After revelation and drying, the sensitive layer
- This layer 11 can be less than one micrometer (typically, of the order of 0.3 ⁇ m).
- This thin conductive layer 11 then makes it possible to deposit, by electrolysis, a very thick metallic layer 12 (made of nickel, for example) as shown in FIG. 2c.
- This layer 12, solid and resistant, is separated from the initial layer 1 (FIG. 2d), the imprint of which it retains in negative.
- This layer 12 is used to make by pressing an almost unlimited number of copies of the initial interference network.
- This copy is made for example by hot pressing a PVC sheet 13a against the matrix 11-12.
- This PVC sheet 13a can be fixed to the surface of a document or be mounted on a film structure transferable to a support by any process, whether mechanical, chemical or contact.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a protected document 13 according to the invention.
- the printed document 13 is covered - on at least part of its surface - with an interference network 14.
- This interference network (or hologram) is fixed to the document 13 by a transparent adhesive layer 15.
- the document 13 - shown out of scale - is intended to be placed for fraudulent reproduction on the reproduction medium of a photocopying machine (not shown in its entirety).
- the light beam 16 of a lamp 17 scans the document 13 at an angle ⁇ .
- This light beam 16 after passing through the interference network 14 and the transparent layer 15, reaches the printed support of the document 13 which returns it in a diffuse manner.
- the component 18 of this reflected light is normally collected by a device for capturing or returning the image (symbolized by the rectangle 19).
- the device 19 can for example be a mobile optical system returning the image of the document to a sensitive element (drum or other) or an element for reading the image.
- the image thus collected is then transferred to a reproduction medium (not shown).
- the beam 16 being formed of non-coherent light, each wavelength is reflected differently by the interference network 14. These colored spots constitute a dissuasive effect for people tempted to reproduce a document 13 unduly. An image thus smeared is very easily different from an original document.
- Fig. 4 illustrates another way of protecting a document 13 according to the invention.
- the interference network 14 acts here by transmission.
- the beam of incident light 16 emitted by the lamp 17 of a photocopier reaches the interference network 14 at an angle ⁇ , crosses it, just as it crosses the transparent layer 15, undergoing negligible refraction, and reaches the printed document 13.
- Ray 16 is reflected diffusely.
- the component 18 of this reflected radiation supposed to reach the device for capturing or returning the image 19, reaches this device 19 only partially.
- the process and the document protected can be performed by varying a large number of factors.
- an interference grid that responds to more specific characteristics (deviation of certain precise wavelengths or in given preferential directions ).
- the document itself can be adapted (dominant colors, printing ink preferably chosen from a chromatic range that particularly interferes with the interference network used) to make the protection more adequate.
- a document to be protected can also have several separate grids placed side by side or combined so as to extend the protection to a wide variety of light wavelengths.
- the surface of the document may be covered with interference grids oriented in different ways from one another.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69305360T DE69305360T2 (en) | 1992-12-08 | 1993-12-08 | AGAINST COPYLOCKED DOCUMENT AND METHOD FOR ITS PRODUCTION |
AU55558/94A AU5555894A (en) | 1992-12-08 | 1993-12-08 | Copy-protected document and method for obtaining same |
EP94900659A EP0673321B1 (en) | 1992-12-08 | 1993-12-08 | Copy-protected document and method for obtaining same |
TW083105011A TW280896B (en) | 1992-12-08 | 1994-06-01 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE9201081A BE1006699A5 (en) | 1992-12-08 | 1992-12-08 | Protects against copyright document and method for obtaining such a document. |
BE09201081 | 1992-12-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994013492A1 true WO1994013492A1 (en) | 1994-06-23 |
Family
ID=3886571
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/BE1993/000077 WO1994013492A1 (en) | 1992-12-08 | 1993-12-08 | Copy-protected document and method for obtaining same |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0673321B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE143872T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5555894A (en) |
BE (1) | BE1006699A5 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2151238A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69305360T2 (en) |
TW (1) | TW280896B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994013492A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996014215A1 (en) * | 1994-11-02 | 1996-05-17 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Optical security articles and methods for making same |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2093404A (en) * | 1981-02-19 | 1982-09-02 | Rca Corp | Authenticated item with diffractive-substractive authenticating device |
GB2129739A (en) * | 1982-11-08 | 1984-05-23 | American Bank Note Co | Processes and products for reproducing light diffracting patterns |
EP0201323A2 (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1986-11-12 | Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha | Article incorporating a transparent hologramm |
-
1992
- 1992-12-08 BE BE9201081A patent/BE1006699A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-12-08 AU AU55558/94A patent/AU5555894A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-12-08 WO PCT/BE1993/000077 patent/WO1994013492A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-12-08 CA CA002151238A patent/CA2151238A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-12-08 AT AT94900659T patent/ATE143872T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-12-08 EP EP94900659A patent/EP0673321B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1993-12-08 DE DE69305360T patent/DE69305360T2/en not_active Revoked
-
1994
- 1994-06-01 TW TW083105011A patent/TW280896B/zh active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2093404A (en) * | 1981-02-19 | 1982-09-02 | Rca Corp | Authenticated item with diffractive-substractive authenticating device |
GB2129739A (en) * | 1982-11-08 | 1984-05-23 | American Bank Note Co | Processes and products for reproducing light diffracting patterns |
EP0201323A2 (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1986-11-12 | Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha | Article incorporating a transparent hologramm |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996014215A1 (en) * | 1994-11-02 | 1996-05-17 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Optical security articles and methods for making same |
US5591527A (en) * | 1994-11-02 | 1997-01-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Optical security articles and methods for making same |
AU689327B2 (en) * | 1994-11-02 | 1998-03-26 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Optical security articles and methods for making same |
US5743981A (en) * | 1994-11-02 | 1998-04-28 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Optical security articles and methods for making same |
CN1058665C (en) * | 1994-11-02 | 2000-11-22 | 美国3M公司 | Optical security articles and methods for making same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69305360D1 (en) | 1996-11-14 |
EP0673321A1 (en) | 1995-09-27 |
AU5555894A (en) | 1994-07-04 |
DE69305360T2 (en) | 1997-02-27 |
CA2151238A1 (en) | 1994-06-23 |
BE1006699A5 (en) | 1994-11-22 |
EP0673321B1 (en) | 1996-10-09 |
ATE143872T1 (en) | 1996-10-15 |
TW280896B (en) | 1996-07-11 |
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