WO1993009421A1 - Apparatus for ex vivo measurement of blood sugar levels - Google Patents
Apparatus for ex vivo measurement of blood sugar levels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1993009421A1 WO1993009421A1 PCT/DK1992/000317 DK9200317W WO9309421A1 WO 1993009421 A1 WO1993009421 A1 WO 1993009421A1 DK 9200317 W DK9200317 W DK 9200317W WO 9309421 A1 WO9309421 A1 WO 9309421A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- substance
- sample
- attenuated total
- reflection device
- Prior art date
Links
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims 7
- 238000005102 attenuated total reflection Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000013060 biological fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002198 surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010015776 Glucose oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004366 Glucose oxidase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004877 Insulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000624 ear auricle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940116332 glucose oxidase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019420 glucose oxidase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005534 hematocrit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
- G01N33/54373—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing involving physiochemical end-point determination, e.g. wave-guides, FETS, gratings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/54—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving glucose or galactose
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
- G01N21/552—Attenuated total reflection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
Definitions
- the invention concerns an apparatus for measuring ex vivo blood sugar levels, and especially a portable apparatus for measuring the glucose concentration in the blood.
- Persons suffering from diabetes must frequently check the glucose concentration in their blood to be able to adjust their insulin treatment so that a close to normal glucose concentration is maintained.
- the concentration should be measured once a day and a profile involving several measurements within 24 hours should be taken once a fortnight.
- a device is wanted which the patient may carry in his pocket and use to make a measurement when and where he should want to without being dependent on outer installations.
- an apparatus must have dimensions making it portable and it must permit measurements on samples of unprepared blood, the needed size of the sample should not exceed 25 ⁇ l corresponding to a drop of blood which may be provided by pricking a finger or an earlobe, and the apparatus should be able to perform a great number of measurements without needing any services.
- Portable glucose sensors are known which are based on colouring a strip when the glucose in a sample placed on the strip is oxidized using an enzyme. The colouring is evaluated by visual inspection or using a miniaturized photometer.
- glucose sensors are based on the use of amperometric sensors measuring oxygen consumption or hydrogen peroxide production when glucose is oxidized in the presence of glucose oxidase.
- amperometric sensors measuring oxygen consumption or hydrogen peroxide production when glucose is oxidized in the presence of glucose oxidase.
- the use of amperometric sensors causes problems such as large drift, short lifetime, difficulties with calibration, lack of accuracy, and various interferences.
- the enzyme based methods are based on a timed reaction and in order to attain sufficient accuracy it usually takes at least one minute to make the measurement. Consequently, it is the object of the invention to provide an apparatus which provides a simple, rapid, robust method for intermittent glucose assay of a blood sample, and which requires no other reagents or extra components to be purchased and which is, therefore, always ready for use.
- a light aggregate able to provide single or pairs of narrow light bands in the wavelength range of 1-40 ⁇ m whereof at least one band lies in the range of 3-10 ⁇ m,
- a computer for calculating the concentration of the substance by unvariate analysis directly comparing the pairs of wavelengths for each substance, the substances being the analyte in question and the major interfering substances, and correcting for the error produced by the light absorption due to each specific interfering substance.
- Such an apparatus can, by virtue of its design, use smaller and more varied sample volumes permitting the user to make fewer painful blood extractions. Further, the blood may be smeared onto the window surface as the device is not affected by direct contact of a finger onto the test area, and being based on measurement of light absorption the apparatus may reduce the measurement time to seconds.
- the apparatus is confined by a housing 10 and comprises a light source 1 from which light the chosen wavelengths are led to an ATR crystal 2 having a surface 3, which is accessible from the outside of the housing and acts as the window onto which the sample should be placed.
- the light from the light source 1 is by a mirror 4 led to the ATR crystal, and in the beam leaving the crystal 2 a detector 5 is placed, which detector converts the light signals to electric signals, which through electrical leads 6 are led to a computer 7, which on the basis of the electric signals calculates the wanted concentrations.
- the results may be displayed on a not shown display.
- a power supply 8 is provided to supply the light source and the computer.
Abstract
An apparatus for ex vivo measurement of blood sugar levels comprises a light aggregate (1) providing a single or pairs of narrow light bands in the wavelength range of 1-40 νm, at least one band lying in the range of 3-10. Light is transmitted to an attenuated total internal reflection device (2). The sample with the substance to be measured is placed on a surface (3) of said device (2) to be transversed by the light which is more or less absorbed by the substance. A detector (5) converts the intensity of light emanating from the attenutated total reflection device (2) into an electric signal which is handled by a computer (7) calculating the concentration of the substance by unvariate analysis directly comparing pairs of wavelengths for each substance.
Description
APPARATUS FOR EX VIVO MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS
The invention concerns an apparatus for measuring ex vivo blood sugar levels, and especially a portable apparatus for measuring the glucose concentration in the blood. Persons suffering from diabetes must frequently check the glucose concentration in their blood to be able to adjust their insulin treatment so that a close to normal glucose concentration is maintained. The concentration should be measured once a day and a profile involving several measurements within 24 hours should be taken once a fortnight. For this purpose, a device is wanted which the patient may carry in his pocket and use to make a measurement when and where he should want to without being dependent on outer installations.
To meet these wishes an apparatus must have dimensions making it portable and it must permit measurements on samples of unprepared blood, the needed size of the sample should not exceed 25 μl corresponding to a drop of blood which may be provided by pricking a finger or an earlobe, and the apparatus should be able to perform a great number of measurements without needing any services.
Portable glucose sensors are known which are based on colouring a strip when the glucose in a sample placed on the strip is oxidized using an enzyme. The colouring is evaluated by visual inspection or using a miniaturized photometer.
However, the presence of the blood cells in the sample makes the result imprecise.
Other known glucose sensors are based on the use of amperometric sensors measuring oxygen consumption or hydrogen peroxide production when glucose is oxidized in the presence of glucose oxidase. However, when the sample is placed on the electrodes of the sensor other chemical decompositions take place interfering the result of the measurement. So, the use of amperometric sensors causes problems such as large drift, short lifetime, difficulties with calibration, lack of accuracy, and various interferences.
These known methods are made inaccurately by the varying of the sample volume of the drop of blood. Sometimes this requires the user to repeatedly prick their finger to obtain in one taking an adequate sized sample. They are also
affected by changes in haematocrit and variation in technique of operators.
In these known systems blood must be dropped onto the enzyme coated area with care taken not to rub or smear the blood onto the area. This makes the procedure more difficult for the young and visually disabled. Some of the known systems require the discarding of the plastic enzyme strip with the blood sample on it, and one system has an apparatus for cutting off the end of a rod, the top of which has been used for the reaction; both systems creating pollutant waste.
As the enzyme is consumed and has a limited life, these systems require the user to repeatedly purchase the enzyme containing component adding extra cost. This is inconvenient and potentially hazardous as they all need this component to measure glucose. Further, the enzyme based methods are based on a timed reaction and in order to attain sufficient accuracy it usually takes at least one minute to make the measurement. Consequently, it is the object of the invention to provide an apparatus which provides a simple, rapid, robust method for intermittent glucose assay of a blood sample, and which requires no other reagents or extra components to be purchased and which is, therefore, always ready for use.
This is obtained by an apparatus the function of which is based on measuring the absorption of selected wavelengths of infrared light, the apparatus comprising:
a) a light aggregate able to provide single or pairs of narrow light bands in the wavelength range of 1-40 μm whereof at least one band lies in the range of 3-10 μm,
b) a means of transmitting said light bands from the light aggregate to an attenuated total internal reflection device onto a window surface of which the sample is placed, the light transversing the volume of this sample, one of each pair of bands of light being absorbed by the substance being measured in proportion to the concentration of that substance, the second band of light being absorbed relatively less so,
c) a detector for converting the intensity of light emanating from the attenuated total internal reflection device into an electrical signal, and
d) a computer for calculating the concentration of the substance by unvariate analysis directly comparing the pairs of wavelengths for each substance, the substances being the analyte in question and the major interfering substances, and correcting for the error produced by the light absorption due to each specific interfering substance.
Such an apparatus can, by virtue of its design, use smaller and more varied sample volumes permitting the user to make fewer painful blood extractions. Further, the blood may be smeared onto the window surface as the device is not affected by direct contact of a finger onto the test area, and being based on measurement of light absorption the apparatus may reduce the measurement time to seconds.
The invention shall now be described with reference to the drawing, which schematically shows an apparatus for measuring the blood glucose concentration.
The apparatus is confined by a housing 10 and comprises a light source 1 from which light the chosen wavelengths are led to an ATR crystal 2 having a surface 3, which is accessible from the outside of the housing and acts as the window onto which the sample should be placed.
The light from the light source 1 is by a mirror 4 led to the ATR crystal, and in the beam leaving the crystal 2 a detector 5 is placed, which detector converts the light signals to electric signals, which through electrical leads 6 are led to a computer 7, which on the basis of the electric signals calculates the wanted concentrations. The results may be displayed on a not shown display. To supply the light source and the computer a power supply 8 is provided.
Claims
1. An apparatus for determining the concentration of an analyte in a biological fluid ex vivo, especially glucose in blood, despite varying concentrations of interfering components such as protein and fat, by measuring the absorption of 5 selected wavelengths of infrared light, characterized in, that it comprises:
a) a light aggregate able to provide single or pairs of narrow light bands in the wavelength range of 1 -40 μm whereof at least one band lies in the range of 3-10 μm,
b) a means of transmitting said light bands from the light aggregate to an o attenuated total internal reflection device onto a surface of which the sample may be placed, the light transversing the volume of this sample, one of each pair of bands of light being absorbed b^ the substance being measured in proportion to the concentration of that substance. the second band of light being absorbed relatively less so,
s c) a detector for converting the intensity of light emanating from the attenuated total internal reflection device into an electrical signal, and
d) a computer for calculating the concentration of the substance by unvariate analysis directly comparing the pairs of wavelengths for each substance, the substances being the analyte in question and the major interfering substances, and correcting for the error produced by the light absorption due to each specific interfering substance.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in, that the light aggregate comprises a wide banded light source and a number of filters each transmitting one of the selected narrow light bands.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized, in that light aggregate comprises a chopper means for modulating at preset modulating frequencies the light wave bands.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in, that light 5 aggregate comprises a number of surface emitting light diodes each emitting infra red light of a chosen wavelength.
5. An apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in, that the light aggregate comprises a number of emissivity modulating semiconductor thermal sources.
o 6. An apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in, that light aggregate comprises a number of infra red laser diodes.
7. An apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, characterized, in that the light aggregate comprises a means for focusing the light on an optical coupling means for transmitting the light.
s 8. An apparatus according to claim 4, 5 or 6, characterized in, that chopper means is provided as an electronic circuit for energizing the diodes or semiconductor sources.
9. An apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in, that the chopping means is a rotating diaphragm with cut outs.
o 10. An apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, characterized, in that the attenuated total reflection device is in the form of a cylinder, trapezoid, rhomboid or hemisphere with the sample being placed on any external surface and having focusing means for transmitting light into the device to a light detector providing an output signal, representing, by an electric signal, the 5 absorption measured.
11. An apparatus according to any of claims 1-9, characterized in, that the attenuated total reflection device is in the form of an optical needle probe ATR cell having an input fibre and an output fibre and at the end of the output fibre a light detector providing an output signal, representing, by an electric signal, the light absorption measured.
12. An apparatus according to claim 10 or 11 , characterized in, that the attenuated total reflection device is coated with a metal such that it acts as a surface plasmon resonance device.
13. An apparatus according to claims 10 and 11 , characterized in, that the attenuated total internal reflection device is jacketed with a glucose permeable membrane.
14. An apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in, that the membrane has associated with it a glucose specific enzyme or system of enzymes, and the attenuated total internal reflection device is used to measure a product of the enzymic reaction of the glucose molecule.
15. An apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the computing method does not require the use of multivariate analyses or statistical analysis of the light absorption measured, but corrects the error in absorption.measured for the analyte, by an interfering substance such as protein or fat, by empirically determined and fixed cross correlation constants.
16. An apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in, that the device for selection of wavelengths of light and modulation of the wavelengths of light is an acoustic optic device.
17. An apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the light is transmitted from the light aggregate to the attenuated total internal reflection device and from said device to a detector by an optical fibre.
18. An apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in, that the sample is placed on an infrared transparent window and the emissivity of the sample either heated or at room temperature is used as the infra red source, the light passing through narrow band filters and a mechanical chopper to a light detector.
19. An apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in, that the light emitting from the sample is modulated by and the frequency of light is selected using an acoust-optic device.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK1811/91 | 1991-11-04 | ||
| DK911811A DK181191D0 (en) | 1991-11-04 | 1991-11-04 | APPARATUS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1993009421A1 true WO1993009421A1 (en) | 1993-05-13 |
Family
ID=8108233
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DK1992/000317 WO1993009421A1 (en) | 1991-11-04 | 1992-11-03 | Apparatus for ex vivo measurement of blood sugar levels |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2941792A (en) |
| DK (1) | DK181191D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993009421A1 (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999044493A1 (en) * | 1998-03-06 | 1999-09-10 | Dittel Rudolf H | Determination system for the direct qualitative and quantitative, almost immediate, highly specific, non-invasive detection of substances contained in the blood through measurement of spectral signatures |
| US6226082B1 (en) | 1998-06-25 | 2001-05-01 | Amira Medical | Method and apparatus for the quantitative analysis of a liquid sample with surface enhanced spectroscopy |
| US7221440B2 (en) | 2004-07-22 | 2007-05-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | System and method for controlling ink concentration using a refractometer |
| US7254429B2 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2007-08-07 | Glucolight Corporation | Method and apparatus for monitoring glucose levels in a biological tissue |
| US7356365B2 (en) | 2003-07-09 | 2008-04-08 | Glucolight Corporation | Method and apparatus for tissue oximetry |
| US7375813B2 (en) | 2004-10-21 | 2008-05-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method and system for diffusion attenuated total reflection based concentration sensing |
| US7510849B2 (en) | 2004-01-29 | 2009-03-31 | Glucolight Corporation | OCT based method for diagnosis and therapy |
| US9060721B2 (en) | 2008-03-04 | 2015-06-23 | Glt Acquisition Corp. | Flowometry in optical coherence tomography for analyte level estimation |
| US9078560B2 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2015-07-14 | Glt Acquisition Corp. | Method for data reduction and calibration of an OCT-based physiological monitor |
| US9554737B2 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2017-01-31 | Masimo Corporation | Noninvasively measuring analyte levels in a subject |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3902807A (en) * | 1973-10-25 | 1975-09-02 | Du Pont | Method for operating an attenuated total reflection infrared system |
| US4169676A (en) * | 1976-02-20 | 1979-10-02 | Nils Kaiser | Method for determining the contents of metabolic products in the blood |
| GB2192070A (en) * | 1986-06-27 | 1987-12-31 | Secr Defence | Optical attenuator |
| WO1990001697A1 (en) * | 1988-08-05 | 1990-02-22 | Red Kite Technology Limited | Blood glucose monitoring |
| DE4124920A1 (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1992-02-06 | Hitachi Ltd | Biochemical analyser esp. for blood analysis - has attenuated total reflection prism., sample concentrator and IR source |
-
1991
- 1991-11-04 DK DK911811A patent/DK181191D0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1992
- 1992-11-03 AU AU29417/92A patent/AU2941792A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-11-03 WO PCT/DK1992/000317 patent/WO1993009421A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3902807A (en) * | 1973-10-25 | 1975-09-02 | Du Pont | Method for operating an attenuated total reflection infrared system |
| US4169676A (en) * | 1976-02-20 | 1979-10-02 | Nils Kaiser | Method for determining the contents of metabolic products in the blood |
| GB2192070A (en) * | 1986-06-27 | 1987-12-31 | Secr Defence | Optical attenuator |
| WO1990001697A1 (en) * | 1988-08-05 | 1990-02-22 | Red Kite Technology Limited | Blood glucose monitoring |
| DE4124920A1 (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1992-02-06 | Hitachi Ltd | Biochemical analyser esp. for blood analysis - has attenuated total reflection prism., sample concentrator and IR source |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, Vol. 37, No. 5, May 1990, Y. MENDELSON, A.C. CLERMONT, R.A. PEURA, B-C LIN: "Blood Glucose Measurement by Multiple Attenuated Total Reflection and Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy". * |
Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999044493A1 (en) * | 1998-03-06 | 1999-09-10 | Dittel Rudolf H | Determination system for the direct qualitative and quantitative, almost immediate, highly specific, non-invasive detection of substances contained in the blood through measurement of spectral signatures |
| US6226082B1 (en) | 1998-06-25 | 2001-05-01 | Amira Medical | Method and apparatus for the quantitative analysis of a liquid sample with surface enhanced spectroscopy |
| US6313914B1 (en) | 1998-06-25 | 2001-11-06 | Amira Medical | Method and apparatus for the quantitative analysis of a liquid sample with surface enhanced spectroscopy |
| US7356365B2 (en) | 2003-07-09 | 2008-04-08 | Glucolight Corporation | Method and apparatus for tissue oximetry |
| US7510849B2 (en) | 2004-01-29 | 2009-03-31 | Glucolight Corporation | OCT based method for diagnosis and therapy |
| US7221440B2 (en) | 2004-07-22 | 2007-05-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | System and method for controlling ink concentration using a refractometer |
| US9078560B2 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2015-07-14 | Glt Acquisition Corp. | Method for data reduction and calibration of an OCT-based physiological monitor |
| US10791971B2 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2020-10-06 | Masimo Corporation | Method for data reduction and calibration of an OCT-based physiological monitor |
| US11426104B2 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2022-08-30 | Masimo Corporation | Method for data reduction and calibration of an OCT-based physiological monitor |
| US10130291B2 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2018-11-20 | Masimo Corporation | Method for data reduction and calibration of an OCT-based physiological monitor |
| US7254429B2 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2007-08-07 | Glucolight Corporation | Method and apparatus for monitoring glucose levels in a biological tissue |
| US9554737B2 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2017-01-31 | Masimo Corporation | Noninvasively measuring analyte levels in a subject |
| US9668679B2 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2017-06-06 | Masimo Corporation | Method for data reduction and calibration of an OCT-based physiological monitor |
| US7375813B2 (en) | 2004-10-21 | 2008-05-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method and system for diffusion attenuated total reflection based concentration sensing |
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| US11033210B2 (en) | 2008-03-04 | 2021-06-15 | Masimo Corporation | Multispot monitoring for use in optical coherence tomography |
| US11426105B2 (en) | 2008-03-04 | 2022-08-30 | Masimo Corporation | Flowometry in optical coherence tomography for analyte level estimation |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2941792A (en) | 1993-06-07 |
| DK181191D0 (en) | 1991-11-04 |
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