WO1984000112A1 - Apparatus for separating from a biological liquid, in particular blood, a fraction having molecular weight between an upper and lower limiting value - Google Patents
Apparatus for separating from a biological liquid, in particular blood, a fraction having molecular weight between an upper and lower limiting value Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1984000112A1 WO1984000112A1 PCT/NO1983/000025 NO8300025W WO8400112A1 WO 1984000112 A1 WO1984000112 A1 WO 1984000112A1 NO 8300025 W NO8300025 W NO 8300025W WO 8400112 A1 WO8400112 A1 WO 8400112A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- filter
- container
- flow
- circulation circuit
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
- A61M1/3472—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration with treatment of the filtrate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
- A61M1/3472—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration with treatment of the filtrate
- A61M1/3482—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration with treatment of the filtrate by filtrating the filtrate using another cross-flow filter, e.g. a membrane filter
Definitions
- Apparatus for separating from a biological liquid, in particular blood, a fraction having molecular weight between an upper and a lower limiting value Apparatus for separating from a biological liquid, in particular blood, a fraction having molecular weight between an upper and a lower limiting value.
- the present invention is related to an apparatus for separating from a biological liquid, in particular blood, a fraction having molecular weight between an upper and a lower limiting value.
- Such apparatus is included as an essential part of the outfit described in Norwegian Patent Specification No. 144.411 and is particularly useful for cleansing the. ⁇ blood of patients having kidney deficiency.
- This outfit comprises essentially an apparatus for grading of biological liquid, in particular blood, according to molecular weight, the apparatus being provided with at least two filter units, each comprising a molecule filter adapted to filter out molecules of molecular weight essentially below a predeter ⁇ mined limiting value, as well as an inlet conduit for cir ⁇ culating liquid along one side of the filter and an outlet .
- conduit for conducting liquid filtrate essentially con ⁇ sisting of molecules of molecular weight below said limiting value away from the other side of the filter a selected unit among said filter units being adapted for connection with a source of said biological .liquid to be graded, e.g. the blood circuit of a patient, in closed circuit with the inlet con ⁇ duit of said selected unit.
- Said filter units starting with said selected unit, are sequ ⁇ entially interconnected to form a filter unit array in such a way that the outlet conduit of each unit, apart from the last unit in the array, communicates with a liquid container in ⁇ cluded in closed circuit in the inlet conduit of the subsequ ⁇ ent filter unit, the outlet conduit of the last unit of the array being adapted for connection with said source of the biological liquid to be graded, the predetermined limiting value of the various molecule filters essentially decreasing along the array from the first to the last filter unit of the array.
- the outlet conduit of the last filter unit being connected through a dialyser to the inlet circuit of the first filter unit.
- the liquid in this conduit will then be fed back to the source of the biological liquid together with the circulating liquid in the inlet circuit of the first filter unit.
- each such pair of filter units constitutes an apparatus for separating from a biological liquid, in particular blood, a fraction having molecular weight between an upper and a lower limiting value
- the apparatus comprising a first molecule filter operatively adapted for filtering out mole ⁇ cules of molecular weight essentially below the upper limiting value, and provided with an inlet conduit for circulating liquid along the input side of the filter; an outlet conduit with a flow driving pump being disposed for conducting liquid filtrate of molecular weight essentially below said upper limiting value away from the output side of the filter and into a liquid container, which together with a circul ⁇ ation pump is included in a closed circulation circuit disposed to conduct liquid from the container along the input side of a second molecule filter operatively adapted for filtering out molecules of molecular weight essentially
- an outlet conduit with a second flow driving pump being disposed for conducting liquid filtrate essentially consisting of molecules of molecular weight below said limiting value away from the output side of the filter, by which the liquid fraction having molecular weight between said upper and lower limi ⁇ ting values being progressively concentrated in the liquid container.
- the control system comprising means for sensing the liquid volume in the container, comparing the sensed value with and determining its deviation from the predetermined stored time function V(t), sensing the pumped liquid flows in all the inlet and outlet conduits of the circulation circuit except one, and adjusting the pumped liquid flow in the remaining inlet or outlet conduit in accordance with the total sensed flow value and in such a way that the time derivate dV/dt of the liquid volume assumes such value according to the control equation that said deviation is cancelled.
- control process according to the present invention is, however, of a different and more comprehensivenature, as it is performed with a liquid container in a closed circulation circuit as main component.
- a corresponding container is not included in the filter system described and illustrated in the above European patent application.
- This container is a very important part of the present apparatus when used for plasmapheresis treatment.
- substances which are more or less blocked by the second molecule filter are gaining increased concentration.
- a certain substance (A) of this kind may then be concentra ⁇ ted in the container to such extent that it would pass said filter in such amount that the concentration of this sub ⁇ stance (A) on the output side of the filter would be the same as in blood.
- (B) would achieve a higher concentration than:-- (A) in the container, as a greater portion of (A) than of (B) would pass the filter.
- the increased concentration would not be so strong that (B) would pass the filter nearly to the same extent as (A) .
- a good molecule filter has a sieving-coefficient of approximately 0.5 for albumin (A) and approximately 0.1 for IgG (B) .
- One method for controlling the concentrations in the con ⁇ tainer is to regulate the liquid volume contained as a function of time.
- an empiric time function for the liquid volume which optimizes this effect according to the invention, is then programmed into the memory of the control system.
- the container also gives option for suitable feed-back of liquid extracted in a possible third filter disposed in the outlet conduit from the second molecule filter, in order to thereby also controlling e.g. the protein concentration in the liquid returned to the patient to a prefixed favourable value, under the superior control process according to the equation indicated above.
- FIG. 1 shows flow circuits and components in an apparatus according to the invention
- FIG. 2a illustrates in principle the basic or superior control process according to the invention
- Figure 2b shows a block diagram of the complete control system according to the invention with both superior and subordinate - controlling processes.
- Such apparatus comprises at least two molecule filters Fl, F2 operatively adapted to filter out molecules having molecular weight essentially below a predetermined limiting value, and each provided with an inlet conduit II, 12 for passing liquid along one side of the molecular filter, as well, as an outlet conduit for conducting liquid filtrate essentially consisting of molecules of molecular weight below said limiting value away from the other side of the filter.
- one of the filters Fl with its inlet conduit II is connected in closed circulation circuit with the blood circulation system M of a patient.
- An outlet conduit Ul from this filter opens into a liquid container B, which is included in a closed circulation circuit 12 on the input side of the second filter.
- the outlet conduit U2 from the second filter F2 is in turn fed back, possibly through a third filter F3, to a mixing chamber L in the inlet conduit II on the down ⁇ stream side of the molecule filter Fl in connection with the blood circulation system M of the patient.
- a peristaltic pump PI is disposed in the inlet conduit II to the filter Fl, and a further peristaltic pump PS is included in said circulation circuit on the input side of the filter F2.
- Further pumps PI and P2 are disposed in the respective outlet conduits Ul, U2 of the two filters.
- the circulation circuit through the container B is also provided with a throttle valve R.
- the molecular filter Fl may e.g. have a limiting value corre ⁇ sponding to a molecule weight of 50.000 daltons, and all sub ⁇ stances having lower molecular weight than this limiting value in the blood passed in closed circulation through the inlet conduit II along one side of the molecular filter Fl by means of the pump PI, will then gradually be extracted from the blood and discharged through the outlet conduit Ul to the liquid container B, driven by the peristaltic pump PI.
- Liquid from the container B is by means of the peristaltic pump PS circulated in closed circuit past one side of the molecule filter F2 and through the open valve R back to the container.
- This molecule filter may have e.g. a limiting value of 10.000 daltons, and with repeated circulation of liquid from the con ⁇ tainer in closed circuit along the input side of the filter, substances with molecular weight below this value are gradually removed from the liquid, whereas substances with molecular weight between 50.000 and 10.000 are concentrated in the con ⁇ tainer B.
- liquid filtrate consisting of molecules of molecular weight essentially below the limiting value of 10.000 daltons is extracted, and this filtrate is pumped by means of the peristaltic pump P2 through the outlet conduit U2 and possibly through the filter F3, back to the inlet circuit II of the first filter and the mixing chamber L, after heating by means of heater elements HE.
- the liquid flow of this circuit may be so ad ⁇ justed that optimum liquid pressure across the filter is achieved and suitable concentration of uremia toxins of high molecular weight is obtained in the liquid container B, which thus has an- operative function corresponding to an urine bladder.
- the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 may be used for uremia treatment as well as for plasmapheresis treatment of blood. In both cases an automatic control of the liquid volume V in the con ⁇ tainer B according to the invention is an essential part of the treatment.
- Fig. 2 it is schematically shown how this control is per ⁇ formed.
- the desires liquid volume is adjusted in accordance with a predetermined time function V(t) , which is stored in advance in the memory H of the control system. This function is selected on the basis of well tested experience and suit ⁇ ably adapted to the patient in question.
- the liquid volume V in the container B is gauged, e.g. by means of an electronic scale E, and the sensed value expressed in volume is compared in the control system with the momentary value of the stored time function by means of a comparator K.
- Qb is the total liquid flow out of the circulation circuit.
- control system may then be arranged and operatively adapted for sensing the speed of the flow driving pumpe P2 in the outlet conduit U2 of the second filter F2 as a calibrated indication of the liquid flow Q2 in this conduit, and for adjusting the speed of the first flow driving pump Pl in the outlet conduit Ul of the first filter Fl, bearing calibrated relation to the liquid flow in this outlet conduit, in such accordance with the sensed pump speed that a possible sensed deviation from the stored time function in the memory H is cancelled at any time.
- the pump PS in the circulation circuit is suitably operated with a surplus of pumping power, a throttle valve R in the closed circulation circuit main ⁇ taining the input side of the second molecule filter F2 approximately at maximum allowable superpressure, whereas the output side of the filter assumes approximate atmos ⁇ pheric pressure.
- the control system is arranged and adapted for monitoring the pressure across the molecule filters Fl, F2 and for adjusting the filter pressure to a lower value, in case a prefixed maximum pressure is exceeded, the control process according to the control equation (1) or (2) being, however, maintained at all times as superior control.
- the filter F3 shown in Fig. 1 is preferably used as dialyser, the pressure across this filter being balanced approximately to zero.
- the dialyser then operates essentially independently of the volume and flow control indicated above, as described in the Norwegi ⁇ an Patent Specification No. 144.411 mentioned above.
- a filter F3 may be used for extracting liquid, but not protein, from the outlet conduit U2 prior to the feeding of the filtrate in this conduit back to the inlet circuit II of the first filter and the blood flow system of the patient.
- the protein concentration is icnreased in the filtrate which is fed back to the blood
- the liquid ex ⁇ tracted inthe filter F3 preferably is returned to the con ⁇ tainer B and the circulation circuit by means of a flow conduit U3 having a flow driving pump P3 and a liquid flow Q3.
- the pumps PS, Pl and P2 may advantageously be set in such a way that the filters ' Fl and 'F2 are optimized, the pump F3 being so adjusted in accordance with the set and subsequently senses pump values that dV/dt assumes such value that a possible deviation of the gauged liquid volume V in the container B from the pre ⁇ fixed stored time function V(t) is cancelled.
- the filter F3 may be utili ⁇ zed as a controller of the protein concentration in the filtrate fed back to the blood of the patient, the control system sensing by means of a protein detector PD the protein content of the filtrate in the outlet conduit U2 on the downstream side of the filter F3.
- control system then adjusts the flow Q3 of extracted liquid from the output side of the filter F3 in such a way that the protein concentration in the fed back filtrate is main ⁇ tained at a prefixed value.
- the liquid flows Ql and Q2 may be sensed and adjusted as previously indicated.
- the protein concentration in the fed back filtrate may, however, also be maintained by adjustment of a flow Q4 of protein solu ⁇ tion driven by a pump P4 through a branch conduit U4 from a container B2 for such solution.
- This branch conduit opens into the outlet conduit U2 on the downstream side of the protein detector PD and possibly the input portion of a filter F3, which, however, is not required for controlling the protein content in the outlet filtrate in this case.
- the protein concentration is regulated by operating the pump P4 in the branch conduit in accordance with the protein value sensed by the protein detector PD, in such a way that the prefixed concentration value is maintained.
- the protein so ⁇ lution container B2 is made a part of the container B and is weighed together with this, the remaining part Bl of the container being included in the closed circulation circuit.
- VI is the liquid volume in the container part Bl which is included in the closed circulation
- V2 is the liquid volume in the container part B2 which con ⁇ tains protein solution
- O PI W ⁇ PO connections being indicated by full lines and certain liquid flow connections by broken lines. It should be understood, however, that usually not all the indicated alternatives are operative at the same time.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO822105A NO152484C (en) | 1982-06-23 | 1982-06-23 | DEVICE FOR AA Separate from a biological fluid, special blood, a fraction of molecular weight between an upper and a lower limit value |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1984000112A1 true WO1984000112A1 (en) | 1984-01-19 |
Family
ID=19886627
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NO1983/000025 WO1984000112A1 (en) | 1982-06-23 | 1983-06-23 | Apparatus for separating from a biological liquid, in particular blood, a fraction having molecular weight between an upper and lower limiting value |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0112863A1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO152484C (en) |
WO (1) | WO1984000112A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0232884A2 (en) | 1986-02-10 | 1987-08-19 | Millipore Corporation | Diafiltration apparatus |
EP0580299A1 (en) * | 1992-07-10 | 1994-01-26 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Method and apparatus for producing blood component products |
US5496265A (en) * | 1992-03-04 | 1996-03-05 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Blood component collection system with optimizer |
US5658240A (en) * | 1992-03-04 | 1997-08-19 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Blood component collection system with optimizer |
WO2008051994A2 (en) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-05-02 | Arbios Systems, Inc. | Fluid-conserving cascade hemofiltration |
US7430478B2 (en) | 2000-03-01 | 2008-09-30 | Caridian Bct, Inc. | Blood processing information system with blood loss equivalency tracking |
ITMI20131250A1 (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-01-25 | Warsaw Medical University | BLOOD PURIFICATION SYSTEMS AND DEVICES WITH INTERNALLY GENERATED REPLACEMENT FLUID |
US9733805B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2017-08-15 | Terumo Bct, Inc. | Generating procedures for entering data prior to separating a liquid into components |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE357073B (en) * | 1970-04-20 | 1973-06-12 | Viak Ab | |
CH602120A5 (en) * | 1975-11-21 | 1978-07-31 | Sartorius Membranfilter Gmbh | |
DE2703188A1 (en) * | 1977-01-27 | 1978-08-03 | Heiner Oelrichs | Control system for kidney dialysis - using disposable hoses and balancing pump for substitute soln. feed equal to blood filtrate extn.; minimising infection risk |
-
1982
- 1982-06-23 NO NO822105A patent/NO152484C/en unknown
-
1983
- 1983-06-23 EP EP83901946A patent/EP0112863A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-06-23 WO PCT/NO1983/000025 patent/WO1984000112A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE357073B (en) * | 1970-04-20 | 1973-06-12 | Viak Ab | |
CH602120A5 (en) * | 1975-11-21 | 1978-07-31 | Sartorius Membranfilter Gmbh | |
DE2703188A1 (en) * | 1977-01-27 | 1978-08-03 | Heiner Oelrichs | Control system for kidney dialysis - using disposable hoses and balancing pump for substitute soln. feed equal to blood filtrate extn.; minimising infection risk |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0232884A3 (en) * | 1986-02-10 | 1987-10-07 | Millipore Corporation | Diafiltration apparatus and method |
US4728430A (en) * | 1986-02-10 | 1988-03-01 | Millipore Corporation | Diafiltration method |
EP0232884A2 (en) | 1986-02-10 | 1987-08-19 | Millipore Corporation | Diafiltration apparatus |
US5658240A (en) * | 1992-03-04 | 1997-08-19 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Blood component collection system with optimizer |
US5496265A (en) * | 1992-03-04 | 1996-03-05 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Blood component collection system with optimizer |
US5712798A (en) * | 1992-03-04 | 1998-01-27 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Blood component collection system with optimizer |
US6652476B2 (en) | 1992-07-10 | 2003-11-25 | Gambro, Inc. | Method and apparatus for producing blood component products |
US5605842A (en) * | 1992-07-10 | 1997-02-25 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Method for producing blood component products |
US6319471B1 (en) * | 1992-07-10 | 2001-11-20 | Gambro, Inc. | Apparatus for producing blood component products |
EP0580299A1 (en) * | 1992-07-10 | 1994-01-26 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Method and apparatus for producing blood component products |
US6869411B2 (en) | 1992-07-10 | 2005-03-22 | Gambro, Inc. | Apparatus for producing blood component products |
US7270645B2 (en) | 1992-07-10 | 2007-09-18 | Gambro Bct, Inc | Apparatus for producing blood component products |
US5611997A (en) * | 1992-07-10 | 1997-03-18 | Cobe Laboratories, Inc. | Apparatus for producing blood component products |
US7430478B2 (en) | 2000-03-01 | 2008-09-30 | Caridian Bct, Inc. | Blood processing information system with blood loss equivalency tracking |
WO2008051994A2 (en) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-05-02 | Arbios Systems, Inc. | Fluid-conserving cascade hemofiltration |
WO2008051994A3 (en) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-07-10 | Arbios Systems Inc | Fluid-conserving cascade hemofiltration |
JP2010507464A (en) * | 2006-10-23 | 2010-03-11 | アルビオス システムズ インコーポレーティッド | Liquid-saving cascade hemofiltration |
US9733805B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2017-08-15 | Terumo Bct, Inc. | Generating procedures for entering data prior to separating a liquid into components |
ITMI20131250A1 (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-01-25 | Warsaw Medical University | BLOOD PURIFICATION SYSTEMS AND DEVICES WITH INTERNALLY GENERATED REPLACEMENT FLUID |
WO2015011290A1 (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-01-29 | Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny | Blood purification systems and devices with internally generated replacement fluid |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0112863A1 (en) | 1984-07-11 |
NO152484C (en) | 1985-10-09 |
NO152484B (en) | 1985-07-01 |
NO822105L (en) | 1983-12-27 |
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