WO1982002082A1 - Fibre-optic lamp - Google Patents

Fibre-optic lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1982002082A1
WO1982002082A1 PCT/SE1981/000374 SE8100374W WO8202082A1 WO 1982002082 A1 WO1982002082 A1 WO 1982002082A1 SE 8100374 W SE8100374 W SE 8100374W WO 8202082 A1 WO8202082 A1 WO 8202082A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fibre
fibres
lens
light
light source
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1981/000374
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Foer Optisk Forskning Inst
Original Assignee
Stensland Leif
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stensland Leif filed Critical Stensland Leif
Publication of WO1982002082A1 publication Critical patent/WO1982002082A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0005—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type
    • G02B6/0008—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type the light being emitted at the end of the fibre
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/32—Optical coupling means having lens focusing means positioned between opposed fibre ends
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/3628—Mechanical coupling means for mounting fibres to supporting carriers
    • G02B6/3632—Mechanical coupling means for mounting fibres to supporting carriers characterised by the cross-sectional shape of the mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/3636—Mechanical coupling means for mounting fibres to supporting carriers characterised by the cross-sectional shape of the mechanical coupling means the mechanical coupling means being grooves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an arrangement to transmit light from a conventional filament lamp or similar to a spotlight, signalling light, lighting unit or similar.
  • a spotlight without electrical supply cables.
  • Examples of such applications are lamps for rooms containing explosive substances or spotlights arranged at high electrical potential, or generally where the lamp is positioned separate from the lamp.
  • a solution to this proble is to transmit the light from the lamp by a bundle of optica fibres.
  • fibres have a limited numerical aperture, in other words they illuminate a relatively small area in solid angle terms. Consequently a spotlight or signalling light in which a lens or an optical system with an aperture that is to be fully illuminated becomes long and cumbersome.
  • a fibre bundle is used which ends in the vicinity of the focus of the spotlight lens or spotlight reflector.
  • the fibre bundle consists of a number of optical fibres arranged parallel and close together. Consequently the disadvantage of this spotlight is that it is either long and cumbersome or has a very small effective light exit aperture (Fig. 1).
  • the purpose of the present invention is therefore to achieve a fibre-optic light source or lamp with a large numerical aperture (illuminated solid angle) and for use as a light source in spotlights, signalling lights, instruments, for lighting etc., in which a fibre bundle of at least two fibres carries light from a conventional light source such as a filament lamp, laser, light-emitting diode or similar.
  • the invention solves this problem in the manner state in the appended claims.
  • the basis of the solution is that the fibres are aligned at the outward end with mutually convergin cones of light (fig. 2) which, after the convergence region, diverge with little or no solid angle overlap, and consequent ly together form a light source with the required large numerical aperture for its illuminated solid angle.
  • the fibre bundle carries light from, for example, a filament lamp to a spotlight, signalling light or similar with a focusing lens or mirror
  • the fibre ends in the lamp must be positioned just before the focal point of the lens or mirror so that the point towards which the cones of light from the fibres converge falls at or close to the focal point of the lens. In such an arrangement all the cones of light will, after passing through the lens or being reflected by the mirror, be parallel or nearly parallel to each other.
  • the focusing lens or mirror contains an imaging fault particularly spherical aberration
  • this can chiefly be corrected by aiming the outer fibres towards points situated on the optical axis between the focal point and the lens or mirror (Fig. 3).
  • the signalling light or spotlight is not required to give a totally parallel bundle or rays but a slightly divergent bundle of rays, this may for exampel be achieved by aiming the fibres off the focal point (Fig. 4), giving a suitable solid angle distribution.
  • the fibres are secured in a fixture which may take the form of a holder with holes for the fibres, the said holes being aligned in a pre-determined manner (Fig. 5-7).
  • wedge-shaped discs are used in which there are channels converging owards a point. The fibres are laid in these channels and the discs with fibres are stacked on each other (Fig. 8).
  • a thin glass plate may form a stop for the fibres.
  • the fibres are enbedded in glass, plastic or another material in the required orientation (Fig. 9).
  • the embedding material is transparent, and light from the fibres can emerge into the material.
  • the material surface through which the light finally passes can be suitably curved, and can therefore itself form the fccusing lens (Fig. 10).
  • the fibre holder can be fixed to a conventional lamp holder, so that the entire fibre optic lamp can easily replace a filament lamp in existing signalling lamps, search lights or similar (Fig. 11).
  • Fig. 1 shows a fibre-optic lamp using known technology
  • Fig. 2-4 show the orientation of the fibres in various embodiments of the fibre-optic lamp according to the present invention
  • Fig. 5-10 show various versions of the fixture for a fibre-optic lamp according to the invention.
  • Fig. 11 shows a fibre-optic lamp according to the invention, mounted in a conventional holder.
  • Fig. 1 shows a fibre lamp using known technology.
  • a bundle of parallel fibres 1 carries the light from a light source (not shown) to a point close to the focus of lens 2 where fibre bundle 1 ends.
  • the light leaves the fibres in a divergent bundle of rays 3, the divergence of the light cone bundle being approximately equal to the divergence of the single fibre, i.e. quite small.
  • illumination of the lens will be poor unless the distance between the end point of fibres 1 and lens 2 is made inconveniently long.
  • Fig. 2 shows a fibre-optic lamp according to the present invention, in which the fibres 1 are aimed at a point
  • the virtual light source has a small area but a large numerical aperture.
  • the central fibres 12 are aimed at the focal point 5 of lens 2, whereas the fibres 11, the direction of which forms a larger angle with the optical axis 6 of lens 2 are aimed at a point 7 just inside the focal point 5 of the lens.
  • Fibres 10 at an even greater angle to the optical axis are similarly aimed towards point 8 which is even closer to lens 2. In this way it is thus possible to correct for spherical abberation and to obtain even Better collimation 4 and consequently better utilization of the light.
  • focal point 5 has, by displacement of lens towards the illuminating fibres or vice versa, been placed before convergence point 9, with the consequence that the light leaving lens 2 is divergent.
  • Fig. 5 shows examples of a fixture 15 which contains number of holes 16 for the fibres 1.
  • the holes are aligned in the required manner; in the figure they are all aimed at a point 5, which forms the virtual fibre-optic light source.
  • Fig. 6, 7 and 8 show a fixture that can be constructed consisting of a number of similar (or different) elements 17.
  • Fig. 6 shows such an element viewed from above. It has a number of slots 19 for fibres, and three locating pins 18.
  • a section marking A-A is given, and this is shown in Fig. 7.
  • the section shows that the element 17 is wedge-shaped and in addition to locating pins 18 has corresponding holes 20.
  • Fig. 8 shows from the side the appearance of a fixture made up of three assembled elements 17.
  • Fig. 9 shows a fixture comprising a compound 27 cast around the fibres 1.
  • Fig. 10 shows a fixture which is also cast and in which the casting compound 21 is transparent within the relevant wave-length interval. Here it is possibl to allow the fibres 1 to end within the compound 21 and to give the light exit surface 22 a curved form such that the light 23 is collimated or refracted to a suitable divergence.
  • Fig. 11 shows examples of how a fibre-optic lamp according to the invention is mounted in a standard holder 24 as a direct replacement for the equivalent filamen lamp.
  • the fibre cable 13 is divided at its end into separate fibres 1 which are secured in the fixture 25 in one of the ways described above.
  • a protective glass 26 may be arranged in front of the end surfaces of the fibres.

Abstract

Fibre-optic lamp for use as a light source in spotlights, signalling lights, instruments, lighting units or similar, to which a fibre bundle or fibre cable (13) carries light from a conventional light source. At the upward end the individual fibres (1) are aimed with mutually converging light cones in such a way that these diverge (3) after convergence region with little or no overlap and thus together form a composite virtual light source with a greater numerical aperture than a single fibre (1) or a parallel fibre bundle can have. The fibres can either be aimed towards a single point (5) which may for example be the focus of a collimating lens (2), or towards different points (5, 7, 8) to correct lens defects, for example. The fibres (1) are individually aligned by and secured in a fixture (15, 17, 21, 25, 27) which can also act, for example, as a collimating lens (22).

Description

Fibre-optic lamp
The present invention relates to an arrangement to transmit light from a conventional filament lamp or similar to a spotlight, signalling light, lighting unit or similar. In certain circumstances it is desirable to be able to provide, for example, a spotlight without electrical supply cables. Examples of such applications are lamps for rooms containing explosive substances or spotlights arranged at high electrical potential, or generally where the lamp is positioned separate from the lamp. A solution to this proble is to transmit the light from the lamp by a bundle of optica fibres.
A major problem with the use of bundles of optical fibres is that the fibres have a limited numerical aperture, in other words they illuminate a relatively small area in solid angle terms. Consequently a spotlight or signalling light in which a lens or an optical system with an aperture that is to be fully illuminated becomes long and cumbersome.
In a known such spotlight a fibre bundle is used which ends in the vicinity of the focus of the spotlight lens or spotlight reflector. Here the fibre bundle consists of a number of optical fibres arranged parallel and close together. Consequently the disadvantage of this spotlight is that it is either long and cumbersome or has a very small effective light exit aperture (Fig. 1). The purpose of the present invention is therefore to achieve a fibre-optic light source or lamp with a large numerical aperture (illuminated solid angle) and for use as a light source in spotlights, signalling lights, instruments, for lighting etc., in which a fibre bundle of at least two fibres carries light from a conventional light source such as a filament lamp, laser, light-emitting diode or similar.
The invention solves this problem in the manner state in the appended claims. The basis of the solution is that the fibres are aligned at the outward end with mutually convergin cones of light (fig. 2) which, after the convergence region, diverge with little or no solid angle overlap, and consequent ly together form a light source with the required large numerical aperture for its illuminated solid angle.
In a preferred application example in which the fibre bundle carries light from, for example, a filament lamp to a spotlight, signalling light or similar with a focusing lens or mirror, the fibre ends in the lamp must be positioned just before the focal point of the lens or mirror so that the point towards which the cones of light from the fibres converge falls at or close to the focal point of the lens. In such an arrangement all the cones of light will, after passing through the lens or being reflected by the mirror, be parallel or nearly parallel to each other.
Where the focusing lens or mirror contains an imaging fault particularly spherical aberration, this can chiefly be corrected by aiming the outer fibres towards points situated on the optical axis between the focal point and the lens or mirror (Fig. 3).
Where the signalling light or spotlight is not required to give a totally parallel bundle or rays but a slightly divergent bundle of rays, this may for exampel be achieved by aiming the fibres off the focal point (Fig. 4), giving a suitable solid angle distribution.
In one embodiment the fibres are secured in a fixture Which may take the form of a holder with holes for the fibres, the said holes being aligned in a pre-determined manner (Fig. 5-7). In another embodiment wedge-shaped discs are used in which there are channels converging owards a point. The fibres are laid in these channels and the discs with fibres are stacked on each other (Fig. 8). A thin glass plate may form a stop for the fibres.
In a further embodiment the fibres are enbedded in glass, plastic or another material in the required orientation (Fig. 9). In another variant of this embodiment the embedding material is transparent, and light from the fibres can emerge into the material. The material surface through which the light finally passes can be suitably curved, and can therefore itself form the fccusing lens (Fig. 10). In all these embodiments the fibre holder can be fixed to a conventional lamp holder, so that the entire fibre optic lamp can easily replace a filament lamp in existing signalling lamps, search lights or similar (Fig. 11). The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, where
Fig. 1 shows a fibre-optic lamp using known technology
Fig. 2-4 show the orientation of the fibres in various embodiments of the fibre-optic lamp according to the present invention
Fig. 5-10 show various versions of the fixture for a fibre-optic lamp according to the invention and finally
Fig. 11 shows a fibre-optic lamp according to the invention, mounted in a conventional holder. Fig. 1 shows a fibre lamp using known technology. Here a bundle of parallel fibres 1 carries the light from a light source (not shown) to a point close to the focus of lens 2 where fibre bundle 1 ends. Here the light leaves the fibres in a divergent bundle of rays 3, the divergence of the light cone bundle being approximately equal to the divergence of the single fibre, i.e. quite small. In this design, illumination of the lens will be poor unless the distance between the end point of fibres 1 and lens 2 is made inconveniently long. Fig. 2 shows a fibre-optic lamp according to the present invention, in which the fibres 1 are aimed at a point
5. This causes the light cones (only one light cone is shown in the figure, others are represented by their central ray) to converge mutually towards point 5. A small area around point 5 will thus form a virtual light source from which the light 3 emerges towards the lens 2 which, if the point 5 on optical axles 6 coincides with the focal point of lens 2, collimates it to a practically parallel bundle of light 4.
The virtual light source has a small area but a large numerical aperture.
In Fig. 3 the central fibres 12 are aimed at the focal point 5 of lens 2, whereas the fibres 11, the direction of which forms a larger angle with the optical axis 6 of lens 2 are aimed at a point 7 just inside the focal point 5 of the lens. Fibres 10 at an even greater angle to the optical axis are similarly aimed towards point 8 which is even closer to lens 2. In this way it is thus possible to correct for spherical abberation and to obtain even Better collimation 4 and consequently better utilization of the light.
In Fig. 4 focal point 5 has, by displacement of lens towards the illuminating fibres or vice versa, been placed before convergence point 9, with the consequence that the light leaving lens 2 is divergent.
Fig. 5 shows examples of a fixture 15 which contains number of holes 16 for the fibres 1. The holes are aligned in the required manner; in the figure they are all aimed at a point 5, which forms the virtual fibre-optic light source. Fig. 6, 7 and 8 show a fixture that can be constructed consisting of a number of similar (or different) elements 17. Fig. 6 shows such an element viewed from above. It has a number of slots 19 for fibres, and three locating pins 18. A section marking A-A is given, and this is shown in Fig. 7. The section shows that the element 17 is wedge-shaped and in addition to locating pins 18 has corresponding holes 20. Fig. 8 shows from the side the appearance of a fixture made up of three assembled elements 17.
Fig. 9 shows a fixture comprising a compound 27 cast around the fibres 1. Fig. 10 shows a fixture which is also cast and in which the casting compound 21 is transparent within the relevant wave-length interval. Here it is possibl to allow the fibres 1 to end within the compound 21 and to give the light exit surface 22 a curved form such that the light 23 is collimated or refracted to a suitable divergence.
Finally, Fig. 11 shows examples of how a fibre-optic lamp according to the invention is mounted in a standard holder 24 as a direct replacement for the equivalent filamen lamp. The fibre cable 13 is divided at its end into separate fibres 1 which are secured in the fixture 25 in one of the ways described above. A protective glass 26 may be arranged in front of the end surfaces of the fibres.

Claims

Claims
1. Fibre-optic lamp for use as a light source in search lights, signalling lights, instruments, for lighting etc., to which a fibre bundle (13) of at least two fibres (1) transmits light from a conventional light source such as a filament lamp, transmitting diode or laser c h a r a c h e ri z e d in that the individual fibres (1) are aimed at the outward end with mutually converging cones of light in such a way that they diverge (3) after the convergence region with little or no overlap and thus together form a composite virtual light source with a greater numerical aperture than a single fibre or a parallel fibre bundle can have.
2. Fibre-optic lamp according to claim 1, c h a r a ct e r i z e d in that the fibres (1) are aimed at a point (5) and thus form a virtual light source with a small area and with a greater numerical aperture and a single fibre or parallel fibre bundle, and that the said (5) forms the focus of the lens (2) or mirror which collimates for the light from the virtual light source.
3. Fibre-optic lamp according to claim 1, c h a r a ct e r i z e d in that the fibres are arranged around an optical axis (6) and that the fibres (12) with a small aiming angle relative to the optical axis (6) are aimed towards the focal point (5) of the lens (2) or mirror whilst the outer fibres (11, 12), are aimed towards points (7, 8) closer to the lens (2) or mirror to compensate for the abberation of the lens or mirror (lens defects).
4. Fibre-optic lamp according to claim 2 or 3, c h a r¬a c t e r i z e d in that none or only some of the fibres are aimed not at the focal point (5) of the lens (2) or mirror but instead are aimed at the point (9) in front of or behind the focal point (5) of the lens (2) or mirror to give the emergent light the. appropriate divergence.
5. Fibre-optic lamp according to claims 1-4, c h a r¬a c t e r i z e d in that the outward end of each fibre (1) has a pre-determined direction as a consequence of being secured in a fixture (15, 17, 21, 25, 27).
6. Fibre-optic lamp according to claim 5, c h a r a c¬t e r i z e d in that the fixture consists of a holder (15) with holes (16) drilled for the fibres (1) or of a number of discs or elements (17) with slots (19) for the fibres (1), the said discs or elements (17) being wedge-shaped and capable of being stacked so that the required solid angle distribution is obtained for the directions of the fibres.
7. Fibre-optic lamp according to claim 1-5, c h a r¬a c t e r i z e d in that the fibres are arranged in the required directions and are fixed in these directions (5) casting in compound (27).
8. Fibre-optic lamp according to claim 7, c h a r a ct e r i z e d in that the casting compound (21) is transparent and encloses the end surfaces of the fibres, the light from the fibres (1) being arranged so that it can penetrate the casting compound and that the surface which the light is arranged to pass out through is flat or curved in the required manner and thus focuses, collimates or splits the light.
9. Fibre-optic lamp according to any of claims 1-8, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the fibre-optic lamp is fixed in a holder with the same geometrical shape as a lamp holder in such a way that the fibre-optic lamp can easily be fixed in a lamp holder and replace the filament lamp or equivalent in existing spotlight or signal lamp.
PCT/SE1981/000374 1980-12-16 1981-12-15 Fibre-optic lamp WO1982002082A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8008853A SE436223B (en) 1980-12-16 1980-12-16 FIBEROPTIC LAMP
SE8008853801216 1980-12-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1982002082A1 true WO1982002082A1 (en) 1982-06-24

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WO (1) WO1982002082A1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4674011A (en) * 1986-09-10 1987-06-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Alignment reference device
EP0247659A1 (en) * 1986-05-13 1987-12-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Irradiation device, arrangement for and method of cladding a filamentary body
GB2199130A (en) * 1986-11-28 1988-06-29 James Kerr Dunlop Illuminating swimming pools, aquaria etc
EP0899178A1 (en) * 1997-08-18 1999-03-03 Safetran Systems Corporation Laser-based railroad signal light
US9229145B2 (en) 2009-11-04 2016-01-05 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Lighting device

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3146775A (en) * 1962-10-29 1964-09-01 Welch Allyn Inc Illuminating means for medical instruments
US3278739A (en) * 1964-01-02 1966-10-11 Bausch & Lomb Illuminator
US3360640A (en) * 1964-04-11 1967-12-26 Quarzlampen Gmbh Surgical illuminating apparatus
DE2063084A1 (en) * 1969-12-16 1971-06-24 Glen D Novel lighting arrangement and Ver drive to manufacture the same
US3590232A (en) * 1968-03-27 1971-06-29 Radioptics Inc Annular illuminator for dental tools or the like
US3614414A (en) * 1970-04-03 1971-10-19 Kirkman Lab Inc Work area illuminator
GB1257359A (en) * 1969-05-09 1971-12-15
DE2141351A1 (en) * 1971-08-18 1973-03-01 Original Hanau Quarzlampen SURGICAL LIGHT WITH FLEXIBLE LIGHT GUIDES
DE2843341A1 (en) * 1977-12-27 1979-06-28 Fuji Photo Optical Co Ltd OPTICAL LIGHTING SYSTEM

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3146775A (en) * 1962-10-29 1964-09-01 Welch Allyn Inc Illuminating means for medical instruments
US3278739A (en) * 1964-01-02 1966-10-11 Bausch & Lomb Illuminator
US3360640A (en) * 1964-04-11 1967-12-26 Quarzlampen Gmbh Surgical illuminating apparatus
US3437803A (en) * 1964-04-11 1969-04-08 Quarzlampen Gmbh Surgical cold light illuminating apparatus
US3590232A (en) * 1968-03-27 1971-06-29 Radioptics Inc Annular illuminator for dental tools or the like
GB1257359A (en) * 1969-05-09 1971-12-15
DE2063084A1 (en) * 1969-12-16 1971-06-24 Glen D Novel lighting arrangement and Ver drive to manufacture the same
US3614414A (en) * 1970-04-03 1971-10-19 Kirkman Lab Inc Work area illuminator
DE2141351A1 (en) * 1971-08-18 1973-03-01 Original Hanau Quarzlampen SURGICAL LIGHT WITH FLEXIBLE LIGHT GUIDES
DE2843341A1 (en) * 1977-12-27 1979-06-28 Fuji Photo Optical Co Ltd OPTICAL LIGHTING SYSTEM

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0247659A1 (en) * 1986-05-13 1987-12-02 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Irradiation device, arrangement for and method of cladding a filamentary body
US4674011A (en) * 1986-09-10 1987-06-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Alignment reference device
GB2199130A (en) * 1986-11-28 1988-06-29 James Kerr Dunlop Illuminating swimming pools, aquaria etc
GB2199130B (en) * 1986-11-28 1991-04-17 James Kerr Dunlop Improvments relating to fish tanks
EP0899178A1 (en) * 1997-08-18 1999-03-03 Safetran Systems Corporation Laser-based railroad signal light
US9229145B2 (en) 2009-11-04 2016-01-05 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Lighting device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE8008853L (en) 1982-06-17
SE436223B (en) 1984-11-19

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