USRE43307E1 - Hand-off technique for a wireless network - Google Patents
Hand-off technique for a wireless network Download PDFInfo
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- USRE43307E1 USRE43307E1 US12/437,094 US43709409A USRE43307E US RE43307 E1 USRE43307 E1 US RE43307E1 US 43709409 A US43709409 A US 43709409A US RE43307 E USRE43307 E US RE43307E
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/12—Reselecting a serving backbone network switching or routing node
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved hand-off technique for a wireless network. More particularly, the invention relates to use of a known messaging sequence, e.g., ISANSWER messaging in the IS-41 protocol, in a heretofore unknown manner to improve hand-off procedures that may be established between a serving (anchor or intermediate) Mobile Switching Center (MSC) and a target (or border) mobile switching center. That is, the ISANSWER message is selectively sent from the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center to the target (or border) mobile switching center during the hand-off process that may be induced during call termination to a mobile station.
- a known messaging sequence e.g., ISANSWER messaging in the IS-41 protocol
- the transmission of the ISANSWER message in this manner allows the target (or border) mobile switching center to end ring back to a caller and to actually connect the call when the mobile station answers the call while it was still within a cell area of the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center.
- a network 10 includes a first mobile switching center 12 and a corresponding cell site 14 . Also illustrated in FIG. 1 are a second mobile switching center 16 and a second cell site 18 . It should be appreciated that the first mobile switching center 12 may also be referred to as the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center and the second mobile switching center 16 may also be referred to as the target (or border) mobile switching center. This nomenclature is useful because, as illustrated, a mobile device 20 migrates from an area of cell site 14 corresponding to the mobile switching center 12 to an area of cell site 18 corresponding to the mobile switching center 16 .
- the anchor MSC is the first to assign a traffic channel.
- FIG. 1 Also shown in FIG. 1 is another communication device 24 which, for purposes of this example, may take a variety of forms and is operative to establish a call between itself and the mobile device 20 .
- a hand-off procedure embodied in a call flow 30 is illustrated in an example in FIG. 2 .
- the call flow 30 begins with a hard hand-off request being transmitted from the cell site 14 to the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center 12 (at line 32 ). This occurs after a mobile device, such as the mobile device 20 , migrates from an area corresponding to, for example, the cell site 14 (and the signal there becomes weak) to an area corresponding to, for example, the cell site 18 .
- the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center 12 then sends an invoke message, e.g., a Facility Directive (FACDIR2) message, to the target (or border) mobile switching center 16 (at line 34 ).
- FCDIR2 Facility Directive
- the functionality of providing ring back to a caller that may be calling the mobile device may be (and in many actual systems is) provided from the target (or border) mobile switching center after this message is received by this target (or border) MSC. So, from this point forward, ring back is provided by the target (or border) mobile switching center, not the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center.
- the rationale for this transfer of ring back responsibility to the target (or border) mobile switching center is based on the fact that, when the mobile device is answered on the target (or border) MSC, the system can simply perform normal switching functions through, for example, a Digital Cellular Switch (DCS). The ring back function can then simply be discontinued. This discontinuation of ring back is immediate. Otherwise, if the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center were providing the ring back, there would be a delay between the actual answer on the target (or border) and the receipt and processing of the ISANSWER invoke message (conventionally only sent from the target (or border) mobile switching center to the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center). This delay could result in overlap of “talking” phase of the call and giving the ring back to the caller.
- DCS Digital Cellular Switch
- the target (or border) mobile switching center 16 then sends a (FACDIR2) return result to the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center 12 (at line 36 ).
- the mobile switching center 12 consequently sends a message to the mobile device 20 through cell site 14 to start the handoff process, like, if applicable, to retune to an appropriate frequency so that the hand-off can be successfully completed (at line 38 ).
- the cell site 18 will ultimately send a hand-off confirmation message to the target (or border) mobile switching center 16 (at line 40 ). Then, the mobile switching center 16 completes the hand-off procedure by sending a mobile-on-channel message to the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center 12 (at line 42 ).
- the cell site 18 sends an answer message to the target (or border) mobile switching center (at line 44 ).
- the target (or border) mobile switching center 16 then sends an ISANSWER invoke message to the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center (at line 46 ) to indicate that the call has been answered.
- the target (or border) mobile switching center 14 also ends the ring back to the caller at this point in time and connects the call by connecting the traffic channel from (the mobile and) the target cell to the inter-vendor trunk between target and serving MSCs.
- the network as illustratively shown in FIG. 1 does not, however, address the situation where the mobile device 20 is answered after FACDIR2 invoke is sent while still in the area of the cell site 14 during the hand-off procedure. At present, if this situation occurs, the ring back will continue to be provided by the target (or border) mobile switching center 16 and the caller using communication device 24 will continue to receive a ring back, as opposed to being connected to the mobile device 20 . This is, of course, not a desirable situation.
- time window begins when the FACDIR2 invoke message is sent from the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center to the target (or border) mobile switching center.
- the time window ends when the mobile device actually re-tunes from the cell site associated with the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center to the cell site associated with the target (or border) mobile switching center.
- the time window is of a significant, non-zero, length.
- two IS-41 messages are typically received at the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center from the target (or border) mobile switching center.
- the present invention contemplates a new and improved hand-off technique for a wireless network that resolves the above-referenced difficulties and others.
- a method and apparatus for improved hand-off procedures are provided.
- the method comprises initiating a hand-off procedure for a mobile device migrating between a first mobile switching center and a second mobile switching center, determining that a communication device is attempting to terminate a call to the mobile device during the hand-off procedure (or thereafter), determining that the mobile device answers the call during the hand-off procedure, the mobile device being within a geographic area corresponding to the first mobile switching center and sending a message (like ISANSWER invoke) from the first mobile switching center to the second mobile switching center, the message indicating that the call was answered.
- a message like ISANSWER invoke
- the initiating of the hand-off procedure includes providing the second mobile switching center with responsibility for providing ring back to the communication device.
- the method further comprises receiving a return result in response to the (e.g., ISANSWER) invoke message.
- the method further comprises completing the hand-off procedure.
- the message comprises a facility directive (2) message.
- the method further comprises receiving the message.
- the method further comprises terminating ring back based on the message.
- the methods are implemented using suitable means.
- the system comprises a first MSC operative to initiate a hand-off procedure for a mobile device migrating out of a geographic area corresponding to the first MSC, determine that a communication device is attempting to establish a call with the mobile device during the hand-off procedure, determine that the mobile device answers the call during the hand-off procedure, even after the handoff attempt has already been indicated from the first MSC to the second MSC while the mobile device is still within the geographic area corresponding to the first MSC and transmit a message indicating that the call was answered and a second MSC operative to receive the message and end ring back (and switch the call, i.e., make sure to establish the connection between the mobile and the trunk from the second MSC to the first MSC) based on the message.
- a first MSC operative to initiate a hand-off procedure for a mobile device migrating out of a geographic area corresponding to the first MSC, determine that a communication device is attempting to establish a call with the mobile device during the hand-off procedure, determine that the
- the first MSC is operative to provide the second MSC with responsibility for providing ring hack to the communication device.
- the message comprises a facility directive (2) message.
- the method and/or system may be applied to other hand-off procedures such as hand-back and “hand-off to third” situations.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example network
- FIG. 2 is a call flow diagram illustrating a hand-off procedure based on the standards
- FIG. 3 illustrates a network into which the present invention may be implemented
- FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart illustrating a method according to the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a call flow diagram illustrating the present invention.
- Sending an ISANSWER invoke message from the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center to the target (or border) mobile switching center is not covered by the ANSI41 standard, particularly with respect to the contemplated use for call terminations to the mobile herein.
- a well timed provision of the ISANSWER message to the target (or border) mobile switching center provides a resolution of the difficulty noted above relating to appropriate discontinuation of the ring back that the target (or border) mobile switching center will be giving to the caller, as well as relating to appropriate connecting of the call on the target (or mobile) MSC. Therefore, implementation of the presently described embodiments resolves the noted difficulties.
- FIG. 3 provides a view of a network into which the present invention may be implemented.
- the network includes a first, or serving (anchor or intermediate), mobile switching center 112 having a software module 112 - 1 for implementing and/or storing software routines to implement features of the present invention and other functionality.
- a cell site 114 operative to communicate with a mobile device 120 .
- the cell site 114 has a corresponding geographic area for which it provides service.
- the network 100 includes a second, or target (or border), mobile switching center 116 .
- the target (or border) mobile switching center 116 likewise includes a software module 116 - 1 for implementation and/or storage of software routines to carry out features of the present invention and other functionality.
- the mobile switching center 116 is operative to communicate with a cell site 118 that, once the hand-off procedures are complete, will be able to fully communicate with the mobile device 120 .
- the cell site 118 has a corresponding geographic area for which it provides service.
- another communication device 124 that, in this scenario, is operative to terminate the call to and communicate with the mobile device 120 .
- the mobile switching centers provide software routines in, for example, the software modules 112 - 1 and 116 - 1 , that will implement the present invention.
- the software routines may be included within conventional call processing software that is stored within the mobile switching center or any other software that performs suitable functions according to applicable standards such as IS-41. It will be understood by those of skill in the art that the software routines may be implemented in a variety of manners and may invoke the use of a variety of hardware configurations to carry out functionality of the wireless network, including functionality described in connection with the present invention.
- the mobile switching centers may take a variety of forms and typically will include appropriate hardware and software routines to perform other functionality that is not described herein, for ease of explanation.
- the present invention is particularly applicable to the situation where the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center is manufactured by a different vendor than the target (or border) mobile switching center.
- any primary switching module in a wireless network may be used as an alternative to the mobile switching centers.
- other such switching modules may be implemented in other generations of wireless technology.
- the cell sites 114 and 118 may also take a variety of forms that are known in the field. Again, the exact form thereof may be a function of the generation of technology that is implemented.
- the communication device 124 may take numerous forms including a landline phone, a wireless phone, a personal digital assistant, personal computer, . . . etc.
- the mobile device 120 may take a variety of wireless forms including that of a wireless phone, a personal digital assistant, a personal computer with wireless communication capability, . . . etc.
- the invention relates to use of a known messaging sequence, e.g., ISANSWER messaging in the IS-41 protocol, in a heretofore unknown manner to improve hand-off procedures that may be established between the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center 112 and the target (or border) mobile switching center 116 . That is, the ISANSWER message is selectively sent from the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center 112 to the target (or border) mobile switching center 116 during the hand-off process and a termination to the mobile.
- a known messaging sequence e.g., ISANSWER messaging in the IS-41 protocol
- the transmission of the ISANSWER message in this manner allows the target (or border) mobile switching center 116 to end ring back to a caller when the mobile station 120 answers the call while it is still within a cell area of the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center, e.g., the area corresponding to the cell site 114 .
- a method of the present invention is described in connection with FIG. 4 .
- This method may be embodied in the software module 112 - 1 , as noted above.
- a method 300 is initiated upon commencement of hand-off procedures (at 302 ).
- the initiation of these procedures may include the provision of a facility directive invoke message (e.g., FACDIR2) from the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center 112 to, for example, a target (or border) mobile switching center 116 .
- This facility directive message will typically provide data needed by the target (or border) mobile switching center 116 to perform the handoff.
- the data the facility directive invoke contains will imply (for the call which is being terminated to the mobile device 120 and which is also, at the same time, being handed off) that the target (or border) MSC should take responsibility for ring back functions. Therefore, the target (or border) mobile switching center 116 will provide ring back to any device, such as communication device 124 , attempting to communicate with (specifically, terminate the call to) the mobile device 120 during a hand-off procedure.
- the method of the present invention checks whether a ring back is actually in progress (at 304 ). If no ring back is in progress, normal processing to complete the hand-off is accomplished (at 306 ).
- the serving MSC not only expects and processes the (FACDIR2) Return Result and Mobile on Channel IS-41 messages, but also needs to monitor whether the mobile device 120 answered the call while still within the area of the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center 112 , or the area corresponding to the cell site 114 , prior to (or close to) the mobile-on-channel message being received (at 308 ). If not, normal processing to complete the hand-off is completed (at 310 ). A check is then made as to whether hand-off is finished (at 311 ). If so, the hand-off procedures are completed (at 314 ) as is known. If not, the process returns to 308 .
- the serving MSC not only expects and processes the (FACDIR2) Return Result and Mobile on Channel IS-41 messages, but also needs to monitor whether the mobile device 120 answered the call while still within the area of the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center 112 , or the area corresponding to the cell site 114 , prior to (or close to) the mobile-on
- the mobile switching center 112 sends an ISANSWER message invoke to the target (or border) mobile switching center 116 (at 312 ). If the transaction is successful, the mobile switching center 112 then receives the return result for the ISANSWER invoke (ISANSWER RR) from the target (or border) mobile switching center 116 and the hand-off procedures are then completed (at 314 ).
- ISANSWER ISANSWER invoke
- FIG. 5 illustrates an example procedure. This procedure or method may be embodied in the software module 116 - 1 , as noted above.
- the method 400 includes the commencement of hand-off procedures (at 402 ) which may, as noted above, include the receipt of the ring back functionality that is necessary to provide to calling parties to indicate an attempt to connect to a mobile device, such as mobile device 120 (i.e., terminate the call to mobile device 120 ).
- a mobile device such as mobile device 120
- Implementation of ring back may be realized in any number of known manners.
- This method allows for the determination of whether an ISANSWER invoke message is received by the target (or border) mobile switching center 116 from the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center 112 during the ring back process (at 404 ). If no such ISANSWER invoke message is received, normal processing to complete the hand-off is conducted (at 406 and then, eventually, 410 ).
- the methods described herein may be implemented in a variety of manners and in a variety of different networks.
- a variety of different call flows may result depending on the precise circumstances of the hand-off.
- the call flows may depend on whether the mobile device 120 is in the process of being contacted by another communication device during the hand-off procedure.
- the time at which the mobile device answers an attempted call may be factor in the sequence of the call flow.
- call flow 130 of FIG. 6 is provided.
- a hard hand-off request is transmitted from the cell site 114 to the mobile switching center 112 (at line 132 ).
- the mobile switching center 112 then transmits a facility directive (FACDIR2) invoke message to the mobile switching center 116 (at line 134 ).
- FCDIR2 facility directive
- this invoke message will typically include the data to indicate to the target (or border) mobile switching center 116 to take over ring back responsibility for the terminating call.
- Implementation of ring hack may be realized in any number of known manners.
- the present invention is particularly useful where the mobile device 120 is answered after FACDIR2 invoke but during the hand-off procedures while still within an area associated with the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center 112 .
- the mobile device 120 is answered and sends a message to the cell site 114 (at line 136 ). Consequently, the cell site 114 sends an answer message to the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center 112 (at line 138 ).
- the mobile switching center 112 then sends an ISANSWER invoke message to the target (or border) mobile switching center 116 (at line 140 ).
- the target (or border) mobile switching center 116 then ends the ring back so that the party calling the mobile device 120 does not continue to hear ring back and the call is connected or switched on the target (or border) MSC after the mobile device 120 has actually been answered. Ending of the ring back to the calling party may be accomplished using a variety of known techniques.
- the mobile switching center 116 then sends an ISANSWER return result to the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center 112 (at 142 ).
- a return result is sent from the target (or border) mobile switching center to the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center with respect to the facility directive, or invoke message (at line 144 ).
- the procedures of the present invention i.e., transmission of the ISANSWER invoke message from the serving (anchor or intermediate) mobile switching center 112 to the target (or border) mobile switching center 116 , may be implemented or may be induced to happen at any point after the facility directive invoke message is sent from the mobile switching center 112 to the mobile switching center 116 .
- a “retuning” message is sent from the serving mobile switching center 112 to the cell site 114 (at line 146 ).
- the cell site 118 confirms the hand-off procedures (at line 148 ).
- the mobile-on-channel message is sent from the target (or border) mobile switching center 116 to the serving mobile switching center 112 (at line 150 ).
Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
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US12/437,094 USRE43307E1 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2009-05-07 | Hand-off technique for a wireless network |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US11/026,587 US7215960B2 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2004-12-30 | Hand-off technique for a wireless network |
US12/437,094 USRE43307E1 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2009-05-07 | Hand-off technique for a wireless network |
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US11/026,587 Reissue US7215960B2 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2004-12-30 | Hand-off technique for a wireless network |
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USRE43307E1 true USRE43307E1 (en) | 2012-04-10 |
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EP (1) | EP1677562B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4990525B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101176934B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1798449B (en) |
DE (1) | DE602005008884D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
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US8355737B2 (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2013-01-15 | Wavemarket, Inc. | Enhanced mobile location |
ATE484759T1 (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2010-10-15 | Seeker Wireless Pty Ltd | ADVANCED MOBILE LOCATION METHOD AND SYSTEM |
EP1869925A4 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2010-01-20 | Seeker Wireless Pty Ltd | Enhanced terrestrial mobile location |
KR100755691B1 (en) * | 2005-06-28 | 2007-09-05 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method for hand-over of mobile node and Network system for the hand-over |
EP1941758A4 (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2012-04-25 | Wavemarket Inc D B A Location Labs | Detection in mobile service maintenance |
CN101087478A (en) | 2006-09-05 | 2007-12-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | Control method for call switching, communication system and user device |
KR101421590B1 (en) * | 2007-04-02 | 2014-07-24 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Apparatus and method for call setup by domain transfer in portable communication system |
WO2009036497A1 (en) | 2007-09-17 | 2009-03-26 | Seeker Wireless Pty Limited | Systems and methods for triggering location based voice and/or data communications to or from mobile radio terminals |
US8737985B2 (en) | 2007-11-26 | 2014-05-27 | Wavemarket, Inc. | Methods and systems for zone creation and adaption |
WO2009124348A1 (en) | 2008-04-07 | 2009-10-15 | Seeker Wireless Pty Limited | Efficient collection of wireless transmitter characteristics |
PL2433444T3 (en) | 2009-03-23 | 2017-08-31 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for facilitating voice call continuity in intersystem handover |
JP2010258898A (en) * | 2009-04-27 | 2010-11-11 | Ntt Docomo Inc | Mobile communication method, and radio access network device |
JP5282655B2 (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2013-09-04 | 富士通株式会社 | NETWORK CONTROL DEVICE, NETWORK CONTROL PROGRAM, AND NETWORK CONTROL METHOD |
US8244236B2 (en) | 2010-04-29 | 2012-08-14 | Wavemarket, Inc. | System and method for aggregating and disseminating mobile device tag data |
GB2513057B (en) * | 2010-05-07 | 2014-11-26 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Improvements to handover |
US8504077B2 (en) | 2010-12-04 | 2013-08-06 | Wavemarket, Inc. | System and method for monitoring and disseminating mobile device location information |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7215960B2 (en) | 2007-05-08 |
JP2006191616A (en) | 2006-07-20 |
DE602005008884D1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
KR20060079116A (en) | 2006-07-05 |
EP1677562A1 (en) | 2006-07-05 |
EP1677562B1 (en) | 2008-08-13 |
KR101176934B1 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
CN1798449A (en) | 2006-07-05 |
US20060148476A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
JP4990525B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
CN1798449B (en) | 2011-04-20 |
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