US8523476B2 - Positioning and damper device using shear force from cyclic differential compressive strain of a cross-linked thermoplastic - Google Patents
Positioning and damper device using shear force from cyclic differential compressive strain of a cross-linked thermoplastic Download PDFInfo
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- US8523476B2 US8523476B2 US12/791,834 US79183410A US8523476B2 US 8523476 B2 US8523476 B2 US 8523476B2 US 79183410 A US79183410 A US 79183410A US 8523476 B2 US8523476 B2 US 8523476B2
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- compressive strain
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
- E05D9/00—Flaps or sleeves specially designed for making from particular material, e.g. hoop-iron, sheet metal, plastics
- E05D9/005—Flaps or sleeves specially designed for making from particular material, e.g. hoop-iron, sheet metal, plastics from plastics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05D—HINGES OR SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS
- E05D11/00—Additional features or accessories of hinges
- E05D11/08—Friction devices between relatively-movable hinge parts
- E05D11/082—Friction devices between relatively-movable hinge parts with substantially radial friction, e.g. cylindrical friction surfaces
- E05D11/084—Friction devices between relatively-movable hinge parts with substantially radial friction, e.g. cylindrical friction surfaces the friction depending on direction of rotation or opening angle of the hinge
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F5/00—Braking devices, e.g. checks; Stops; Buffers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/38—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/42—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by the mode of stressing
- F16F1/52—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by the mode of stressing loaded in combined stresses
- F16F1/54—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by the mode of stressing loaded in combined stresses loaded in compression and shear
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/1613—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers
- G06F1/1633—Constructional details or arrangements of portable computers not specific to the type of enclosures covered by groups G06F1/1615 - G06F1/1626
- G06F1/1675—Miscellaneous details related to the relative movement between the different enclosures or enclosure parts
- G06F1/1681—Details related solely to hinges
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/21—Brakes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/262—Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore characterised by type of motion
- E05Y2201/266—Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore characterised by type of motion rotary
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
- E05Y2900/60—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for other use
- E05Y2900/606—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for other use for electronic devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B2200/00—Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass
- F16B2200/63—Frangible connections
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
- F16F2228/08—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence pre-stressed
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/32—Articulated members
- Y10T403/32549—Articulated members including limit means
- Y10T403/32557—Articulated members including limit means for pivotal motion
- Y10T403/32565—Ball and socket with restricted movement about one axis
- Y10T403/32573—Ball stud passes through confining opening
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/40—Radially spaced members joined by independent coupling
- Y10T403/405—Flexible intermediate member
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/45—Flexibly connected rigid members
- Y10T403/455—Elastomer interposed between radially spaced members
- Y10T403/456—Elastomer encompasses shoulder on inner member
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/45—Flexibly connected rigid members
- Y10T403/455—Elastomer interposed between radially spaced members
- Y10T403/458—Composite bushing with elastomeric component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/70—Interfitted members
- Y10T403/7047—Radially interposed shim or bushing
- Y10T403/7061—Resilient
Definitions
- hinges are often used for providing a movable connection between different portions of an apparatus.
- This movement often requires repeated cycles of smooth and substantially repeatable force exerted by the user of the device to position one element relative to another element. The result of this movement is positioning of the device in a way that resists further movement against disturbing environmental forces such as imposed by gravity or vibration.
- hinge mechanism is in conjunction with a laptop computer, which hinges a screen relative to a base.
- Other applications may include relative linear motion between two elements. For example, it may be desired to control the up and down motion of a headrest relative to a seat.
- controlled movement and positioning devices must generate significant and substantially repeatable forces or torques through controlled friction, often over many thousands of operating cycles. Furthermore, the need to minimize the size of these elements relative to these forces and torques results in the generation of internal stresses hundreds of times greater than those experienced by typical bearing applications.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate prospective and cross-sectional views of a compressed shearing-force mechanism.
- FIG. 1C is a graph illustrating torque over a number of cycles for a compressed shearing-force mechanism.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate prospective and cross-sectional views of a shearing-force mechanism with differential compressive strain in a torque hinge application in accordance with one embodiment.
- FIG. 2C is a graph illustrating torque in a shearing-force mechanism as a function of speed.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate prospective and cross-sectional views of a shearing-force mechanism with differential compressive strain in accordance with one embodiment.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate prospective and cross-sectional views of a shearing-force mechanism with differential compressive strain in accordance with one embodiment.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate prospective and cross-sectional views of a shearing-force mechanism with differential compressive strain in accordance with one embodiment.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate prospective and cross-sectional views of a shearing-force mechanism with differential compressive strain in accordance with one embodiment.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate respective prospective and cross-sectional views of compressed shearing-force mechanism 10 accordance to one example.
- Compressed shearing-force mechanism 10 includes compressed insert 12 , shaft 14 , and housing 18 .
- shaft 14 also includes knurls 16 .
- sleeve 12 is securely fixed to housing 18 , such press fit thereto.
- compressed insert 12 and shaft 14 of compressed shearing-force mechanism 10 are configured to rotate relative to each other to generate a near-constant torque.
- compressed insert 12 is made of a cross-linked thermoplastic material, such as PEX, and is inserted between shaft 14 and housing 18 . Relative to the cross-linked thermoplastic of compressed insert 12 , shaft 14 and housing 18 are of sufficient rigidity to maintain a strain ( ⁇ ) imposed on compressed insert 12 .
- shaft 14 and housing 18 are mild steel and in another they are hardened steel.
- the outer diameter of shaft 14 is greater than the inner diameter of compressed insert 12
- the outer diameter of compressed insert 12 is greater than the inner diameter of housing 18 , such that insertion of compressed insert 12 between shaft 14 and housing 18 deflects or compresses compressed insert 12 , thereby loading compressed insert 12 with relatively uniform strain ( ⁇ ).
- compressed shearing-force mechanism 10 can be used to generate relatively constant torque.
- Shaft 14 can be rotated within compressed insert 12 , while compressed insert 12 is held stable.
- a hinged element can be coupled to the knurls 16 of shaft 14 and rotated with shaft 14 relative to compressed insert 12 .
- the relatively uniform strain ( ⁇ ) imposed on compressed insert 12 by shaft 14 and housing 18 in combination with the relative rotation of compressed insert 12 and shaft 14 , creates a relatively uniform torque.
- This relatively uniform torque of compressed shearing-force mechanism 10 can be subject to temperature dependence, however.
- compressed shearing-force mechanism 10 When compressed shearing-force mechanism 10 is subjected to large temperature changes, such as those encountered in many practical storage or transport conditions such a mechanism will encounter, significant torque variation can be induced when operation of the device is resumed. While compressed shearing-force mechanism 10 experiences torque variability with temperature variation during use, it experiences even greater torque variability when subjected to temperature variation during storage. Consequently, a device configured with compressed shearing-force mechanism 10 may have a certain torque profile during a certain application, and then after being stored at a significant temperature variation, have a completely different torque profile in that same application.
- FIG. 1C is a graph illustrating the temperature dependency of compressed shearing-force mechanism 10 .
- FIG. 1C illustrates torque, in Kg-cm, over thousands of cycles of shaft 14 rotating relative to compressed insert 12 . It is seen that a relatively constant torque between 15 and 20 Kg-cm is observed for thousands of cycles at ambient room temperature.
- the effect of temperatures on compressed shearing-force mechanism 10 is repeatable, and is in part a result of changing internal stresses within the cross-linked thermoplastic material of compressed insert 12 caused by temperature change with the cross-linked thermoplastic material while in a stressed condition.
- a shearing-force mechanism 10 is configured in a product that is exposed to very high temperatures, such as in a trunk of a car, when the product is next used at normal temperature, the shearing force, and thus, performance of the product, will change significantly.
- a product configured with shearing-force mechanism 10 is shipped in a cargo hold of a plane and exposed to very low temperatures, when subsequently used, the product will exhibit a different torque profile than it would before the low-temperature exposure.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate respective prospective and cross-sectional views of shearing-force mechanism 20 with differential compressive strain in accordance with one embodiment.
- Shearing-force mechanism 20 includes sleeve 22 , shaft 24 and housing 28 .
- shearing-force mechanism 20 is configured as torque hinge.
- hinged mount 29 is provided and shaft 24 also includes knurls 26 for engagement with a receiving hole in hinged mount 29 .
- housing 28 is configured for mounting, such as with a flat portion with holes for attaching to a surface.
- hinged mount 29 rotates relative to the mount to which housing 28 is attached, relatively uniform toque is generated in shearing-force mechanism 20 .
- Such a torque hinge could be used in a computer laptop, for example, to hinge a screen relative to a base.
- shearing-force mechanism 20 is configured with cyclic differential compressive strain. As such, it is not subject to the same temperature dependence observed in compressed shearing-force mechanism 10 .
- cyclic differential compressive strain is achieved by avoiding significant interference between sleeve 22 and shaft 24 while at rest, and inducing compressive strain while components are moving relative to each other over many thousands of cycles.
- sleeve 22 is made of a cross-linked thermoplastic material, such as PEX-A, PEX-B, or PEX-C. Sleeve 22 is securely fixed within housing 28 , and in one embodiment it is press fit into housing 28 such that there is no relative rotation between them. Shaft 24 is inserted into sleeve 22 , and in one embodiment, shaft 24 is configured with first and second protrusions 24 a and 24 b . In one embodiment, sleeve 22 has pockets or slots to accommodate and receive first and second protrusions 24 a and 24 b so as to avoid or minimize interference between sleeve 22 and shaft 24 when there is no relative rotation between them.
- shaft 24 and first and second protrusions 24 a and 24 b are inserted into sleeve 22 , sleeve 22 is allowed to relax, and compressive strain initially imposed on sleeve 22 in the area under first and second protrusions 24 a and 24 b will largely dissipate.
- shearing-force mechanism 20 While shearing-force mechanism 20 is at rest, that is, no relative rotation between shaft 24 and sleeve 22 , there is little or no compressive strain ( ⁇ ) imposed on sleeve 22 .
- shearing-force mechanism 20 is active, that is, there is relative rotation between shaft 24 and sleeve 22 , significant compressive strain ( ⁇ ) is imposed on sleeve 22 during that relative rotation.
- first and second protrusions 24 a and 24 b move from the slots accommodating them in sleeve 22 and begin to drive into adjacent sections of sleeve 22 .
- This displaces sleeve 22 in those sections adjacent first and second protrusions 24 a and 24 b causing compressive strain ( ⁇ ) on sleeve 22 at the sections.
- compressive strain ( ⁇ ) on sleeve 22 at these sections changes from little or no compressive strain ( ⁇ ) to significant compressive strain ( ⁇ ) as shaft 24 and sleeve 22 changes from no relative rotation to relative rotation.
- this differential compressive strain ( ⁇ ) is greater than 3 percent, that is, first and second protrusions 24 a and 24 b cause at least 3 percent more compressive strain ( ⁇ ) on sleeve 22 when there is relative rotation between shaft 24 and sleeve 22 than they cause when there is no rotation between shaft 24 and sleeve 22 . In another embodiment, the differential compressive strain ( ⁇ ) is greater than 6 percent.
- an initial compressive strain may exist between sleeve 22 and the circular portion of shaft 24 (that is, the area without protrusions 24 a and 24 b ) at rest of up to 1 ⁇ 3 the compressive strain imposed by movement of first and second protrusions 24 a and 24 b on the sleeve 22 without creating the temperature storage/torque dependence already described.
- the device may be heated to bring the at-rest compressive strain in sleeve 22 to a near zero condition.
- this temperature may vary from 150 degrees F. to 275 degrees F. As such, after heat treatment, there is little or no compressive strain ( ⁇ ) imposed on sleeve 22 while at rest.
- shearing-force mechanism 20 Temperature changes have little effect on shearing-force mechanism 20 in one embodiment. Since shearing-force mechanism 20 is configured with minimal compressive strain while at rest, there are little changing internal stresses within the cross-linked thermoplastic material that are caused by temperature change in the cross-linked thermoplastic material. As such, a hinge or similar product configured with shearing-force mechanism 20 can be subjected to relatively large temperature variations while at rest, and the hinge or product will still produce a consistent torque when in use.
- shearing-force mechanism 20 is cyclic, that is, it produces a repeatable shearing force over thousands of cycles of rotation between shaft 24 and sleeve 22 .
- This repeatable shearing force is relatively stable, even over substantial temperature changes, so that even where shearing-force mechanism 20 is configured as a hinge that is subjected to significant temperature changes, the hinge still performs well, yielding consistent and repeatable shearing force.
- shaft 24 and housing 28 are of sufficient rigidity to impose compressive strain ( ⁇ ) on sleeve 22 during relative rotation.
- shaft 24 and housing 28 are mild steel and in another they are hardened steel.
- cross-linked thermoplastic material when cross-linked thermoplastic material is used for sleeve 22 , it can remain elastic up to approximately 6% compressive strain ( ⁇ ), which is far beyond the elastic limit of most plastics. “Elastic” as used here, means that the material will return to its original dimension when unloaded or unstrained, for example, when first and second protrusions 24 a and 24 b move away from sections of sleeve 22 . Furthermore, in some embodiments the cross-linked thermoplastic material remains a viable material for generating repeatable shear at compressive strain ( ⁇ ) up to and beyond 15%.
- the ability to cycle repeatedly through, and recover from, such high compressive strain rates without catastrophic failure is achieved through (1) the cross linking of molecules which forms covalent bonds between molecules, and (2) the relatively low modulus (stiffness) of 75,000 to 100,000 psi.
- Configuring sleeve 22 with PEX-A, PEX-B, and PEX-C can achieve these conditions and attributes, and other embodiments may use cross-linked thermoplastics with moduli up to 200,000 psi.
- UHMW ultra high molecular weight
- UHMW thermoplastic is generally defined as thermoplastic having a molecular weight of 3,100,000 or more. These UHMW materials, are not practical for many applications. In addition to being quite expensive, these UHMW materials cannot be easily injection molded or even readily extruded.
- UHMW materials have a melt flow index of zero and, as such cannot be readily injection molded. Furthermore, regular tool steel will dull easily on UHMW materials. Dull tools will then overheat the surface, causing internal stresses and possibly warping or distortion. UHMW-PE is most often formed into bulk shapes, and then machined. While the bulk material is somewhat more expensive than other engineering plastics, the need to machine it further widens the cost disadvantage. All of these limitations complicate manufacturing and forming UHMW materials in many practical applications or even prevent their use in many other applications.
- sleeve 22 is a cross-linked thermoplastic material, however, it can be easily formed into a desired shape, for example, by injection molding or extruding a thermoplastic into the desired form.
- the thermoplastic can be cross-linked during or after forming to create the cross-linked thermoplastic material and its associated properties.
- sleeve 22 formed with cross-linked thermoplastic material it has the properties needed to withstand a relatively uniform and stable stress ( ⁇ ) at very high compressive strain ( ⁇ ) without causing the cross-linked thermoplastic to deform past its elasticity.
- sleeve 22 is formed with cross-linked thermoplastic material and is loaded with compressive strain ( ⁇ ) well beyond 3 percent during rotation, such that a relatively uniform torque is generated with relative rotation of sleeve 22 and shaft 24 .
- the amount of compressive strain induced into sleeve 22 by protrusions 24 a and 24 b is affected by the overall height of the protrusions relative to the overall wall thickness of sleeve 22 .
- sleeve 22 is configured with a nominal outer diameter of 0.50 inches and nominal inner diameter of 0.350 inch for an overall nominal wall thickness of 0.075 inch.
- first and second protrusions 24 a and 24 b are configured with a nominal height of 0.01 inch, sleeve 22 will be strained during rotation approximately 13% (or 0.01 inch divided by 0.075 inch).
- Relative heights for first and second protrusions 24 a and 24 b and thicknesses for sleeve 22 can be selected to adjust compressive strain in accordance with various embodiments.
- protrusions 24 a and 24 b on shaft 24 can be adjusted about the outer diameter of shaft 24 and additional protrusions can be added, allowing for great flexibility in generating a variable torque profile for shearing-force mechanism 20 .
- Protrusions 24 a and 24 b typically affect an arc segment of shaft 24 of about 15 degrees.
- Variation in the profile of sleeve 22 allows a variable interference with the shaft protrusions, generating a custom torque profile for any particular application.
- This non-circular interior profile of sleeve 22 may be fabricated through extrusion, molding, or re-forming the cross-linked thermoplastic at its transition temperature, which is about 275 degrees F. for PEX, and then cooling.
- shearing-force mechanism 20 can be used in applications such as “quiet close” toilet seats. While round shafts offer only constant torque possibilities, shearing-force mechanism 20 with a plurality of protrusions and variable interference with these protrusions offer flexibility to truly shape the torque profile.
- shearing-force mechanism 20 is configured to take advantage of the viscous sliding friction of the cross-linked thermoplastic of sleeve 22 .
- sleeve 22 of shearing-force mechanism 20 is configured to exhibit viscous or speed dependent properties when sliding with frictional shearing force against shaft 24 and protrusions 24 a and 24 b .
- This application of sliding viscous friction between two dry materials can be used to mimic performance of viscous fluid devices, without the complexity of a viscous liquid or seals need to contain the liquid under pressure.
- shearing-force mechanism 20 is configured such that housing 28 and sleeve 22 , which are coupled together, act as a damper on shaft 22 contained therein.
- the torque in shearing-force mechanism 20 is speed dependent. In one case, the torque increases with speed.
- FIG. 2C is a graph illustrating how torque in shearing-force mechanism 20 varies as a function of speed.
- torque varies by a factor of 1.6 in linear fashion up to 20 RPM.
- the torque varies by a factor of 2 (0.5 kg cm@0 rpm, 1 kg cm@2 rpm), and varies in a logarithmic manner.
- Such a torque profile provides a favorable characteristic for use as a damper.
- shearing-force mechanism 20 provides little or no compressive strain on sleeve 22 at rest, the torque profile and speed to torque relationship is minimally affected by temperature storage changes, such as described above.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate respective prospective and cross-sectional views of shearing-force mechanism 30 with differential compressive strain in accordance with one embodiment.
- Shearing-force mechanism 30 includes sleeve 32 , shaft 34 and housing 38 . Similar to shearing-force mechanism 20 in FIG. 2A , shearing-force mechanism 30 can be configured as torque hinge.
- a hinged mount can be added (like hinged mount 29 in FIG. 2A ) such that shaft 34 and knurls 36 are configured for engagement with a receiving hole in the hinged mount.
- housing 38 can be configured for mounting, such as housing 28 in FIG. 2A .
- Such a torque hinge with relatively uniform toque could be used in a computer laptop, for example, to hinge a screen relative to a base.
- Shearing-force mechanism 30 is also configured with cyclic differential compressive strain. As such, it is not subject to the same temperature dependence observed in compressed shearing-force mechanism 10 .
- cyclic differential compressive strain is achieved by avoiding significant interference between sleeve 32 and housing 38 while at rest, and inducing compressive strain while components are moving relative to each other over many thousands of cycles.
- sleeve 32 is made of a cross-linked thermoplastic material, such as PEX-A, PEX-B, or PEX-C.
- Sleeve 32 is fixed securely to shaft 34 , and in one embodiment it is secured to shaft 34 by interference with the shaft knurls, such that there is no relative rotation between them.
- Housing 38 is fitted over sleeve 32 , and in one embodiment, housing 38 is configured with first and second protrusions 38 a and 38 b .
- sleeve 32 has slots to accommodate and receive first and second protrusions 38 a and 38 b so as to avoid interference between sleeve 32 and housing 38 when there is no relative rotation between them.
- sleeve 32 is allowed to relax and compressive strain initially imposed on sleeve 32 will largely dissipate.
- shearing-force mechanism 30 While shearing-force mechanism 30 is at rest, that is, no relative rotation between housing 38 and sleeve 32 , there is little or no compressive strain ( ⁇ ) imposed on sleeve 32 .
- shearing-force mechanism 30 is active, that is, there is relative rotation between housing 38 and sleeve 32 , significant compressive strain ( ⁇ ) is imposed on sleeve 32 during that relative rotation.
- first and second protrusions 38 a and 38 b move from the slots accommodating them in sleeve 32 and begin to drive into adjacent sections of sleeve 32 causing compressive strain ( ⁇ ) on sleeve 32 .
- compressive strain ( ⁇ ) on sleeve 32 changes from little or no compressive strain ( ⁇ ) to significant compressive strain ( ⁇ ) as housing 38 and sleeve 32 changes from no relative rotation to relative rotation.
- this differential compressive strain ( ⁇ ) is greater than 3 percent, and in another is greater than 6 percent.
- Shearing-force mechanism 30 As above, temperature changes have little effect on shearing-force mechanism 30 in one embodiment, because of relatively low internal stresses within the cross-linked thermoplastic material. Shearing-force mechanism 30 also produces a repeatable shearing force over thousands of cycles of rotation between housing 38 and sleeve 32 . This repeatable shearing force is relatively stable, even over substantial temperature changes.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B , 5 A and 5 B, and 6 A and 6 B illustrate alternative respective prospective and cross-sectional views of shearing-force mechanisms 40 , 50 and 60 , each with cyclic differential compressive strain in accordance with various embodiments.
- Each of shearing-force mechanisms 40 , 50 and 60 respectively include a sleeve 42 , 52 , 62 , a shaft 46 , 56 , 66 , and a housing 48 , 58 , 68 .
- each shearing-force mechanism 40 , 50 and 60 can be configured as torque hinge.
- a hinged mount can be added (like hinged mount 29 in FIG.
- each housing 48 , 58 and 68 can be configured for mounting, such as housing 28 in FIG. 2A .
- Such a torque hinge with relatively uniform toque could be used in a computer laptop, for example, to hinge a screen relative to a base.
- the shaft 44 , 54 , 64 includes a non-circular feature, similar to protrusions 24 a and 24 b in mechanism 20 .
- Shaft 44 of shearing-force mechanism 40 is square
- shaft 54 of shearing-force mechanism 50 is oval
- shaft 64 of shearing-force mechanism 60 includes detent 64 a .
- Sleeves 42 , 52 , and 62 are fixed securely to housings 48 , 58 , and 68 such that no relative motion occurs between sleeve and housing.
- shearing-force mechanism 30 While shearing-force mechanism 30 is at rest, that is, no relative rotation between housing 38 and sleeve 32 , there is little or no compressive strain ( ⁇ ) imposed on sleeve 32 .
- shearing-force mechanism 30 is active, that is, there is relative rotation between housing 38 and sleeve 32 , significant compressive strain ( ⁇ ) is imposed on sleeve 32 during that relative rotation.
- shearing-force mechanisms can include a disk of cross-linked thermoplastic in relative rotation with a second disk with radial protrusions; it can include an annulus of cross-linked thermoplastic in linear (axial) relative motion with a cylindrical rod or housing with circumferential protrusions; and it can include a spherical piece of cross-linked thermoplastic in relative motion with a spherical socket provided with protruding dimples.
Abstract
Description
Claims (17)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/791,834 US8523476B2 (en) | 2010-06-01 | 2010-06-01 | Positioning and damper device using shear force from cyclic differential compressive strain of a cross-linked thermoplastic |
PCT/US2011/038178 WO2011153073A1 (en) | 2010-06-01 | 2011-05-26 | Positioning and damper device using shear force from cyclic differential compressive strain of a cross-linked thermoplastic |
DE112011101885.1T DE112011101885B4 (en) | 2010-06-01 | 2011-05-26 | Positioning and damping device using a shearing force of a cyclic differential compressive stress of a crosslinked thermoplastic |
GB1223034.8A GB2494818B (en) | 2010-06-01 | 2011-05-26 | Positioning and damper device using shear force from cyclic differential compressive strain of a cross-linked thermoplastic |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/791,834 US8523476B2 (en) | 2010-06-01 | 2010-06-01 | Positioning and damper device using shear force from cyclic differential compressive strain of a cross-linked thermoplastic |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20110293356A1 US20110293356A1 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
US8523476B2 true US8523476B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/791,834 Active 2030-10-25 US8523476B2 (en) | 2010-06-01 | 2010-06-01 | Positioning and damper device using shear force from cyclic differential compressive strain of a cross-linked thermoplastic |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8523476B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE112011101885B4 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2494818B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011153073A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8959717B2 (en) | 2012-03-12 | 2015-02-24 | Reell Precision Manufacturing Corporation | Circumferential strain rotary detent |
US20210277694A1 (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2021-09-09 | Southco, Inc. | Preassembled friction hinge module, hinged system, and method for making preassembled friction hinge modules and systems |
US11856347B1 (en) | 2020-01-16 | 2023-12-26 | David M. Roberts | Speaker stand |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9440395B1 (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2016-09-13 | Mercury Plastics, Inc. | Reshaping tool for polymeric tubing |
WO2015191078A1 (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2015-12-17 | Apple Inc. | Friction hinge with embedded counterbalance |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8959717B2 (en) | 2012-03-12 | 2015-02-24 | Reell Precision Manufacturing Corporation | Circumferential strain rotary detent |
US11856347B1 (en) | 2020-01-16 | 2023-12-26 | David M. Roberts | Speaker stand |
US20210277694A1 (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2021-09-09 | Southco, Inc. | Preassembled friction hinge module, hinged system, and method for making preassembled friction hinge modules and systems |
US11898387B2 (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2024-02-13 | Southco, Inc. | Preassembled friction hinge module and hinged system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB201223034D0 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
GB2494818B (en) | 2019-01-30 |
DE112011101885T5 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
DE112011101885B4 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
US20110293356A1 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
GB2494818A (en) | 2013-03-20 |
WO2011153073A1 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
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