US7345270B1 - Photocontrol with radio-controlled timer and a decoder - Google Patents
Photocontrol with radio-controlled timer and a decoder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US7345270B1 US7345270B1 US11/498,903 US49890306A US7345270B1 US 7345270 B1 US7345270 B1 US 7345270B1 US 49890306 A US49890306 A US 49890306A US 7345270 B1 US7345270 B1 US 7345270B1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- microprocessor
- housing
- time
- photocontrol
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
- H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
- H05B47/105—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters
- H05B47/11—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters by determining the brightness or colour temperature of ambient light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
- H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
- H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
- H05B47/19—Controlling the light source by remote control via wireless transmission
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
- Y02B20/40—Control techniques providing energy savings, e.g. smart controller or presence detection
Definitions
- the present invention relates to photocontrols, which are devices for turning roadway, signage, and area lighting on and off, and more particularly, methods for synchronizing timers in photocontrols to the correct local time.
- Photocontrols typically use a light level sensor to determine when it is dark enough to turn a light on and light enough to turn the light back off.
- the photocontrol either needs to have an internal clock or to be able to communicate with a remote clock.
- a photocontrol with a built-in clock has the disadvantage of requiring that the clock be manually set. If this clock setting becomes incorrect for whatever reason, it must be manually reset. Manual resetting usually requires a worker to ascend the lighting pole to reach the photocontrol, which is an expensive and time-consuming task.
- the necessity of resetting an internal clock of a photocontrol often follows power outages, a change to or from daylight savings time, or as a result of general drift within the internal clock, any of which can require many photocontrols to be reset at the same time.
- the internal clock may contain a battery to provide power for keeping track of time in the event of a power outage, however, batteries are vulnerable and need to be replaced periodically.
- a photocontrol could communicate with a network clock.
- this solution can be very complicated and expensive as the network either needs to exist or be created.
- Another existing photocontrol design measures the length of a night and then refers to a programmed table to determine which night of the year has that length. Once it identifies the particular night by its length, given the longitude and latitude of its location, it can estimate the local time. This provides a rough clock, akin to a sundial in accuracy.
- a principle disadvantage in this method is that a cloudy day, a limb in front of the photocontrol and other circumstances can fool the photocontrol into thinking it is the wrong day, thus rendering the clock even less accurate. Also, should the standard dates for daylight saving time change for whatever reason, such as the passage of legislation by the applicable government, this design will not be able to adapt without reprogramming.
- the present invention is a photocontrol that is adapted to receive radio signals from a particular source of correct time, such as an official source, namely, a source entrusted by a government with the responsibility of keeping accurate time, such as, for example, the National Institute for Science and Technology.
- Radio signals from this source carry encoded time information that can be decoded by the photocontrol so that it can ascertain the current time, without including a clock in the photocontrol and without accessing a remote clock via a network, and without using approximations of the time.
- the present photocontrol ascertains the correct time each time it starts up and periodically during its operation, using that time to synchronize its internal clock so that it can turn the lighting load off or turn on in strict compliance with the user's needs.
- the radio signal transmitted by a US Government Agency, namely the National Institute for Science and Technology (NIST), from Ft Collins, Colo., and is a suitable official source.
- This signal an amplitude modulated, digitally coded signal, rides a low frequency carrier wave, and is ideal for present purposes and highly accurate.
- Other sources are also possible, such as timing signals broadcast from satellites.
- the present photocontrol has three switches, one for setting the time zone where the control will be used, a second for setting the turn-off time, and a third, optional switch for setting the turn-back-on time.
- a feature of the present invention is the use of the NIST radio signal. Not only is this signal receivable from all over the United States, as it is intended to be, but it is especially easy to receive it at night when the photo controller is likely to be more active. Also, the technology is widely available for receiving and decoding this signal. Finally, it is as accurate as it needs to be for complying with user requirements and local regulatory requirements.
- FIG. 1 is flow chart of a photocontrol with a radio-controlled clock according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a photocontrol power supply according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a detailed part of an electrical diagram showing the switching arrangement for inputting time zone, time-off and time-back-on for the lighting controlled by the present photocontrol, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention is a photocontrol with a radio-controlled timer.
- the present photocontrol can be set to turn the lighting off at night at a particular time selected by the user and, optionally, to turn it on again at a particular time before dawn.
- the present photocontrol can turn on the business signage, security lighting and area lighting at dusk, turn it off when the business closes later that night, turn it back on when the business resumes operation early the next morning, and then off again at dawn.
- the light sensor of the photocontrol turns the light on at dusk and off at dawn based on ambient lighting, but the radio-controlled timer turns the light off at the close of the business day and on at the start of the next business day, unless the light sensor signals that the ambient light when the business is opening up is already sufficient.
- the photo-control has an on-board timer that keeps track of the passage of time using the carrier frequency of the power source for a clock pulse.
- This timer is akin to a clock but in actuality only counts pulses; it must be told the time. Once told, it will estimate the correct time by the number of pulses it has counted since it was last given the current time.
- the accumulated pulses indicate the passage of time but the correspondence of the accumulated pulses to a date and time requires synchronizing the counted time with true time from the date and time information extracted from a radio signal from a source of correct date and time information. If, for example, it is known that at pulse 1234567 the date and time is Wednesday Mar.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the operation of the present photocontrol
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the present photo control.
- a photocontrol, generally indicated by reference number 10 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- Photocontrol 10 controls a light 12 , or other load that might require activation or deactivation in connection with ambient light levels and particular times.
- the ambient light level in general refers to the level of light available in an area, whether that light includes natural light, manmade light or a combination of both, for humans to use to see.
- a first preset level can be set that requires additional light for humans to see as the ambient light level drops, such as occurs at dusk, and a second present level can be set that no longer requires additional light for humans to see as the ambient light level gets progressively higher, such as occurs at dawn.
- the first and second levels of light can be the same level.
- the present photocontrol 10 uses a light sensor 14 , such as a photo transistor, to determine the level of ambient light but allows the user to turn light 12 off even when the level of ambient light is below the first preset level and to turn light back on as long as the level of ambient light is below the second present level. This allows the light to be on during low light level times except for a period during the late night and early morning when it can be off, essentially a “notch” of time during the night when light 12 is deactivated to save energy and reduce light pollution.
- photocontrol 10 In order for photocontrol 10 to know the time to turn light 12 off and then back on, it must know the time. It learns the correct time and keeps the correct time by obtaining the correct time from an official source 16 .
- Official source 16 is a source of a radio signal carrying in code the correct time.
- Source 16 is preferably an official source such as one set up by a government to keep track of official time.
- One such source is provided by the National Institute of Science and Technology or NIST.
- the present photocontrol 10 preferably includes an antenna 18 and a radio receiver 20 responsive to antenna 18 , both tuned to receiving the radio signal from official source 14 . Once received, the official date and time information is extracted by a decoder 22 .
- Photocontrol 10 includes a microprocessor 28 that includes an internal clock 32 that keeps track of the time using clock pulses set to the reciprocal of the 60 Hz alternating current (AC) power line carrier frequency. That reciprocal is a pulse every one sixtieth of a second and is very steady.
- the clock pulse is extracted from the power line power after the alternating voltage signal has been dropped through a pair of 180 ohm resistors before it is fed to microprocessor 28 .
- Microprocessor 28 then uses internal clamping diodes to create a square wave having a 60 Hz pulse. The pulses are accumulated by clock 32 .
- clock 32 synchronizes its own accumulated date and time information with the correct current date and time information from decoder 22 .
- the term synchronization means that the time stored on the internal microprocessor clock is replaced by the time extracted from the WWVB signal.
- the 60 Hz frequency of the power line is reasonably steady and accurate but not as accurate as the information from WWVB, which is based on technology suitable for use as a national standard for time. Furthermore, keeping track of the current time also includes taking in to consideration daylight savings time, leap year and other much more minor adjustments.
- Synchronization occurs: (1) on the occurrence of an event, such as when the unit is powered up, which can occur when the unit is initially installed, or, if power is lost temporarily, upon its restoration; and (2) periodically during operation, preferably every hour.
- the microprocessor accumulates several timing signals when in the process of synchronizing, and compares them with each other to be certain it has correctly decoded a complete signal before substituting the decoded data and time information for the time being counted by clock 32 based on power line carrier pulses.
- the National Institute of Science and Technology low frequency radio station WWVB transmits the official US time with a 1 Hz AM subcode on a 60 kHz carrier. This is the signal received by self-setting atomic time radio-controlled clocks and watches. The data rate is one bit per second, or 1 baud.
- the signal format is well documented and both consumer electronics companies and home experimenters have built low frequency receivers and subcode processors to extract the bits from the signal and convert them to standard date and time formats. Indeed, a receiver and decoder for this signal can be purchased as a unit 36 .
- a suitable unit is sold under the model number CME8000 RC Receiver IC by C-MAX, which has built in high sensitivity to the WWVB signal.
- a 60 kHz antenna, tuned to the WWVB frequency, is also sold by C-MAX in 60 mm and 100 mm sizes. Additional information is available from the NIST website at http://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvb.htm. This technology is well-known and widely used in other applications.
- Photocontrol 10 including light sensor 12 , antenna 18 , receiver 20 , decoder 22 , microprocessor 28 and interface 34 may be carried within a housing 40 having a window or opening (not shown) proximate to light sensor 14 so that sensor 14 can sense the ambient light in the vicinity of housing 40 .
- the user In order to complete the programming of microprocessor 28 , the user must identify the time zone where photocontrol 10 will be located using a first switch 42 and a first input time, namely, that at which light 12 will be turned off after it is first turned on, which is input using a second switch 44 . If the user wishes, there is a second input time, namely, when light 12 is to be turned back on unless the ambient light level is above the second preset level, in which case, light 12 is left off. This second time input is input using a third switch 46 . Switches 42 , 44 , and 46 are preferably operated using a small screw driver to turn a screw to indicate, on a dial on the back of the photocontrol, the user's selection of time zone and time. Preferably time zones include two settings each (Eastern, Central, Rocky Mountain, and Pacific), one with and one without daylight savings time.
- light 12 is activated. Once light 12 is activated, the current date and time information plus accumulated time will be compared to the first input time. When the current time plus accumulated time matches the first input time, light 12 is turned off.
- light 12 will remain off until current time plus accumulated time matches second input time, if any. When it does, light 12 will be turned on unless the ambient light matches the second present light level. If they match, light 12 remains off.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an electrical diagram of the switching arrangement.
- Three switches 42 , 44 , 46 form three sets of four switches 50 , 52 , 54 , 56 ; 50 ′, 52 ′, 54 ′, 56 ′; 50 ′′, 52 ′′, 54 ′′ and 56 ′′. Combinations of the four switches are sufficient for the various times and time zones required.
- each switch of each set 42 , 44 , 46 is connected to a resister 60 , 62 , 64 , 66 , 60 ′, 62 ′, 64 ′, 66 ′, 60 ′′, 62 ′′, 64 ′′, 66 ′′, that are each part of a voltage divider network with resisters 70 , 72 , and that allows microprocessor 28 to identify by the voltage the particular combination that was selected by the user by using just two outputs 76 , 78 , and the voltage combinations they yield.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (1)
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US11/498,903 US7345270B1 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2006-08-03 | Photocontrol with radio-controlled timer and a decoder |
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US11/498,903 US7345270B1 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2006-08-03 | Photocontrol with radio-controlled timer and a decoder |
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Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090201243A1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Methods and systems involving diurnal computing |
GB2475700A (en) * | 2009-11-26 | 2011-06-01 | Mark Edward Pleydell | Photo electric control unit variants for improved energy efficiency |
US20140180487A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Operational coordination of load control devices |
US8937005B2 (en) | 2011-05-16 | 2015-01-20 | Suvolta, Inc. | Reducing or eliminating pre-amorphization in transistor manufacture |
US9386666B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2016-07-05 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Method of optically transmitting digital information from a smart phone to a control device |
US9413171B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2016-08-09 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Network access coordination of load control devices |
US20160381768A1 (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2016-12-29 | Abl Ip Holding Llc | Networking groups of photocontrol devices |
US9544977B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2017-01-10 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Method of programming a load control device using a smart phone |
US10135629B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-11-20 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Load control device user interface and database management using near field communication (NFC) |
US10244086B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2019-03-26 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Multiple network access load control devices |
US10271407B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2019-04-23 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Load control device having Internet connectivity |
US10587147B2 (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2020-03-10 | Lutron Technology Company Llc | Two-part load control system mountable to a single electrical wallbox |
US11215340B2 (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2022-01-04 | Schreder S.A. | Connected luminaire |
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2006
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US4937443A (en) * | 1989-07-28 | 1990-06-26 | Motorola, Inc. | Photoelectric ambient light switch with ambient light sensing means |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
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Webpage Energy Saving Control (article entitle Save 50% On Energy Costs) from http://precisionmulticontrols.com/Energy.html dated Jan. 22, 2006. |
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Cited By (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090201243A1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Methods and systems involving diurnal computing |
GB2475700A (en) * | 2009-11-26 | 2011-06-01 | Mark Edward Pleydell | Photo electric control unit variants for improved energy efficiency |
US8937005B2 (en) | 2011-05-16 | 2015-01-20 | Suvolta, Inc. | Reducing or eliminating pre-amorphization in transistor manufacture |
US11388570B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2022-07-12 | Lutron Technology Company Llc | Method of programming a load control device |
US9386666B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2016-07-05 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Method of optically transmitting digital information from a smart phone to a control device |
US10779381B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2020-09-15 | Lutron Technology Company Llc | Method of programming a load control device |
US10271407B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2019-04-23 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Load control device having Internet connectivity |
US9544977B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2017-01-10 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Method of programming a load control device using a smart phone |
US9923633B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2018-03-20 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Method of optically transmitting digital information from a smart phone to a control device |
US11765809B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2023-09-19 | Lutron Technology Company Llc | Load control device having internet connectivity |
US10693558B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2020-06-23 | Lutron Technology Company Llc | Method of optically transmitting digital information from a smart phone to a control device |
US10588204B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2020-03-10 | Lutron Technology Company Llc | Load control device having internet connectivity |
US11412603B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2022-08-09 | Lutron Technology Company Llc | Method of optically transmitting digital information from a smart phone to a control device |
US10367582B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2019-07-30 | Lutron Technology Company Llc | Method of optically transmitting digital information from a smart phone to a control device |
US11889604B2 (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2024-01-30 | Lutron Technology Company, LLC | Two-part load control system mountable to a single electrical wallbox |
US10587147B2 (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2020-03-10 | Lutron Technology Company Llc | Two-part load control system mountable to a single electrical wallbox |
US11229105B2 (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2022-01-18 | Lutron Technology Company Llc | Two-part load control system mountable to a single electrical wallbox |
US10244086B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2019-03-26 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Multiple network access load control devices |
US11521482B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2022-12-06 | Lutron Technology Company Llc | Network access coordination of load control devices |
US10050444B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2018-08-14 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Network access coordination of load control devices |
US10019047B2 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2018-07-10 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Operational coordination of load control devices for control of electrical loads |
US10742032B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2020-08-11 | Lutron Technology Company Llc | Network access coordination of load control devices |
US9413171B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2016-08-09 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Network access coordination of load control devices |
US11470187B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2022-10-11 | Lutron Technology Company Llc | Multiple network access load control devices |
US20140180487A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Operational coordination of load control devices |
US11301013B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2022-04-12 | Lutron Technology Company, LLC | Operational coordination of load control devices for control of electrical loads |
US10516546B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-12-24 | Lutron Technology Company Llc | Load control device user interface and database management using Near Field Communication (NFC) |
US11240055B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2022-02-01 | Lutron Technology Company Llc | Load control device user interface and database management using near field communication (NFC) |
US10135629B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-11-20 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Load control device user interface and database management using near field communication (NFC) |
US10009983B2 (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2018-06-26 | Abl Ip Holding Llc | Networking groups of photocontrol devices |
US20160381768A1 (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2016-12-29 | Abl Ip Holding Llc | Networking groups of photocontrol devices |
US11215340B2 (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2022-01-04 | Schreder S.A. | Connected luminaire |
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