US5882794A - Synthetic fiber cross-section - Google Patents
Synthetic fiber cross-section Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5882794A US5882794A US08/971,063 US97106397A US5882794A US 5882794 A US5882794 A US 5882794A US 97106397 A US97106397 A US 97106397A US 5882794 A US5882794 A US 5882794A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- filaments
- fiber
- crimp
- polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2935—Discontinuous or tubular or cellular core
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
- Y10T428/2975—Tubular or cellular
Definitions
- This invention concerns a new cross-section for synthetic fibers, especially such as may be used as filling materials for pillows and other filled articles, as disclosed in our previous applications, referred to hereinabove, the disclosures of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference, and which may have other uses.
- Polyester fiberfill filling material is sometimes referred to as polyester fiberfill and has become well accepted as a reasonably inexpensive filling and/or insulating material especially for pillows, and also for cushions and other furnishing materials, including other bedding materials, such as sleeping bags, mattress pads, quilts and comforters and including duvets, and in apparel, such as parkas and other insulated articles of apparel, because of its bulk filling power, aesthetic qualities and various advantages over other filling materials, so is now manufactured and used in large quantities commercially.
- Polyester fibers with longitudinal voids have generally been preferred for use as filling fibers over solid filaments, and improvements in our ability to make such polyester fiberfill with a round periphery has been an important reason for the commercial acceptance of polyester fiberfill as a preferred filling material.
- Examples of fiber cross-sections with longitudinal voids are those with a single void, such as disclosed by Tolliver, U.S. Pat. No. 3,772,137, and by Glanzstoff, GB 1,168,759, 4-hole, such as disclosed in EPA 2 67,684 (Jones and Kohli), and 7-hole, disclosed by Broaddus, U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,725, all of which have been used commercially as hollow polyester fiberfill filling material.
- polyester fibers that has been manufactured commercially hitherto has been based on ethylene glycol (2G) and on terephthalic acid (T), and ethylene terephthalate polymers have sometimes been referred to as 2G-T, accordingly.
- Such polyesters have been preferred because of cost and availability, but others have been mentioned in the literature, such as 3G-T (sometimes referred to as PTT) and 4G-T for example.
- the present invention is not limited to fibers of 2G-T polyesters, but may be applied to other glycol terephthalate polyester fibers, such as of 3G-T or 4G-T, for example, and copolyesters.
- the present invention is not limited to polyester fibers, but is believed broadly applicable to synthetic fibers, generally, and especially to those prepared by spinning filaments from a melt of the synthetic polymer, including polyamides, such as nylon 6,6 and nylon 6, polyolefins, such as polypropylene and polyethylene by way of example, but, as will be understood, since the invention was made in the course of melt-spinning polyester filaments, most of the description hereinafter discusses application of the invention to polyester filaments, and especially to bicomponent filaments such as are described and claimed in our previous applications, referred to hereinbefore.
- FIG. 2 of Champaneria is an enlarged sectional view taken from a photomicrograph of a nylon filament spun through an orifice similar to Champanerial's FIG. 1 except for omission of one segment.
- FIG. 1 of Champaneria represents a spinneret orifice for spinning filaments containing four, substantially equi-dimensional and equi-spaced, parallel continuous voids, such as nylon filaments of cross-section as shown in FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1c of Champaneria. As indicated, all the voids of Champaneria's filaments were "non-round".
- Champaneria did not illustrate any spinneret orifice for spinning filaments with three voids.
- the spinneret orifice shown in Champaneria's FIG. 1 was segmented with slot segments and spokes. Such spokes are shown terminating toward the center of the orifice with squared ends.
- Champaneria did not disclose any filaments with round voids, i.e., of essentially circular cross-section. All the filament cross-sections illustrated by Champaneria in his FIGS. 1a, 1b, 1c, 2 and 3 had the non-round voids desired by Champaneria.
- Champaneria did not teach how to spin filaments with round voids.
- multi-void synthetic fibers of round cross-section having three longitudinal voids that are of essentially similar circular cross-section and that are essentially equi-spaced.
- Such a process for preparing filaments having three continuous round voids throughout their fiber length comprises the steps of post-coalescence melt-spinning polyester (or other synthetic polymer) into filaments through segmented spinning capillary orifices so the resulting freshly-spun molten streams coalesce and form continuous filaments having three round continuous voids throughout their fiber length, and quenching to solidify the filaments, and, if desired, drawing the resultant solid filaments and heating to relax them, and otherwise processing such filaments.
- Such processes include those wherein the continuous filaments are converted to staple fiber.
- a particularly advantageous such process includes one wherein the staple fiber is formed into fiberballs having a random distribution and entanglement of fibers within each ball, and having an average diameter of 2-20mm, and wherein the individual fibers have a length of 10-100 mm.
- Fiberfill fibers are preferably slickened, i.e., are coated with a durable slickener, as disclosed in the art.
- blends (mixtures) of slickened and unslickened fiberfill fibers may have processing advantages.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged photograph of a cross-section of a preferred 3-hole filament embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a spinneret capillary according to the invention viewed from the lower surface of the spinneret, for spinning a 3-hole filament.
- suitable filament deniers have generally ranged from 1.5 to 20 dtex for the final drawn fibers, 2-16 dtex having been preferred in most cases, and 4-10 dtex having been generally most preferred, it being understood that blends of different deniers may often be desirable.
- low deniers e.g. subdenier fibers
- FIG. 1 is a photograph to show a cross-section of a 3-hole bicomponent filament spun from a spinneret capillary as shown in FIG. 2.
- the filament generally is indicated by reference numeral 11, and contains three voids 12 of essentially similar circular cross-section.
- Two polymeric components 13 and 14 are shown with a clearly defined borderline between these different components. This boundary was visible after the filament cross-section had been stained with osmium tetroxide, which stained the components differently so the borderline shows up better.
- all three voids 11 are shown located within the majority polymeric component 13. It will be understood that this will not necessarily happen, especially when more of a second component is present than shown in FIG. 3 for component 14.
- the present invention is not limited to bicomponent filaments, but monocomponent filaments with three such voids are also contemplated according to the present invention.
- the filaments are of round (circular) cross-section, which is important and preferred for fiberfill materials.
- FIG. 2 shows a spinneret capillary for spinning round filaments with three round voids.
- the capillary is segmented, with three segments 21 disposed symmetrically around an axis or central point C.
- Each segment 21 consist of two slots, namely a peripheral arcuate slot 22 (width E) and a radial slot 23 (width G), the middle of the inside edge of peripheral arcuate slot 22 being joined to the outer end of radial slot 23, so each segment forms a kind of "T-shape" with the top of the T being curved convexly to form an arc of a circle.
- Each peripheral arcuate slot 22 extends almost 120° around the circumference of the circle.
- Each radial slot 23 comes to a point 24 at its inner end. Points 24 are spaced from central point C. Outer diameter H of the capillary is defined by the distance between the outer edges of peripheral arcuate slots 22. Each peripheral arcuate slot 22 is separated from its neighbor by a distance F, which is referred to as a "tab".
- the capillary design shown in FIG. 2 is typical of designs used in the art to provide hollow filaments by post-coalescence spinning through segmented orifices. Points 24 at the inner ends of radial slots 23 are provided in the spinneret capillary design shown in FIG. 2 to improve coalescence of the polymer at the center of the filament, i.e., to ensure that the three voids do not become connected.
- BL1 and BL2 heights are measured in inches, BL1 at 0.001 psi (about 7 N/m 2 ), and BL2 at 0.2 psi (about 1400 N/m 2 ). Metric equivalents are given, as needed after conventional units. Crimp takeup (CTU) was measured as follows:
- a rope of known denier at least 1.5 meters in length is prepared for measurement by placing a knot in both ends. The resulting sample is subjected to a load of 125 mg/den. Two metal clips are placed across the extended rope at a distance apart of exactly 100 centimeters. The two ends of the rope are cut off within 1-2 inches beyond the clips. The resulting cut band is hung vertically and the recovered crimped length between the clips is measured to the nearest 0.5 centimeters. Crimp take-up is calculated using the following equation ##EQU1## where A is the extended length, 100 centimeters, B is the retracted crimp length in centimeters.
- Friction was measured by the SPF (Staple Pad Friction) method, as described hereinafter, and for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,683,811 (DP-6320-C), referred to above.
- a staple pad of the fibers whose friction is to be measured is sandwiched between a weight on top of the staple pad and a base that is underneath the staple pad and is mounted on the lower crosshead of an Instron 1122 machine (product of Instron Engineering Corp., Canton, Mass.).
- the staple pad is prepared by carding the staple fibers (using a SACO-Lowell roller top card) to form a batt which is cut into sections, that are 4.0 ins in length and 2.5 ins wide, with the fibers oriented in the length dimension of the batt. Enough sections are stacked up so the staple pad weighs 1.5 g.
- the weight on top of the staple pad is of length (L) 1.88 ins, width (W) 1.52 ins, and height (H) 1.46 ins, and weighs 496 gm.
- the surfaces of the weight and of the base that contact the staple pad are covered with Emery cloth (grit being in 220-240 range), so that it is the Emery cloth that makes contact with the surfaces of the staple pad.
- the staple pad is placed on the base.
- the weight is placed on the middle of the pad.
- a nylon monofil line is attached to one of the smaller vertical (WxH) faces of the weight and passed around a small pulley up to the upper crosshead of the Instron, making a 90 degree wrap angle around the pulley.
- a computer interfaced to the Instron is given a signal to start the test.
- the lower crosshead of the Instron is moved down at a speed of 12.5 in/min.
- the staple pad, the weight and the pulley are also moved down with the base, which is mounted on the lower crosshead.
- Tension increases in the nylon monofil as it is stretched between the weight, which is moving down, and the upper crosshead, which remains stationary.
- Tension is applied to the weight in a horizontal direction, which is the direction of orientation of the fibers in the staple pad. Initially, there is little or no movement within the staple pad.
- the force applied to the upper crosshead of the Instron is monitored by a load cell and increases to a threshold level, when the fibers in the pad start moving past each other.
- the threshold force level indicates what is required to overcome the fiber-to-fiber static friction and is recorded.
- the coefficient of friction is determined by dividing the measured threshold force by the 496 gm weight. Eight values are used to compute the average SPF. These eight values are obtained by making four determinations on each of two staple pad samples.
- the invention is further illustrated in the following Examples; all parts and percentages are by weight, unless otherwise indicated.
- the spinneret capillary used for spinning 3-hole polyester fiber in the Examples was as illustrated in FIG. 2, with the following dimensions in inches: H(outer diameter) 0.060 inches; E(width of slot 22), F (tab) and G(width of slot 23) all 0.004 inches; points 24 were defined by the faces at the inner end of each radial slot 23 on either side of point 24, each such face being aligned with a short face at the extremity of the corresponding peripheral arcuate slot 22, i.e., on one side of a tab of width F, so as to provide corresponding distances also of width F (0.004 inches) between each pair of parallel faces at the inner ends of each pair of radial slots 23.
- the capillary slots were of depth 0.010 inches, and were fed from a reservoir as shown in FIG. 6A of U.S. Pat. No. 5,356,582 (Aneja et al) and with a meter plate registered for spinning side-by-side bicomponent filaments, as disclosed in the art.
- Bicomponent fibers according to the invention were produced from two different component polymers, both of 0.66 IV.
- One component polymer (A) was homopoly(ethylene terephthalate), while the other component polymer (B) contained 3500 ppm of trimellitate chain-brancher (analyzed as trimethyl trimellitate, but added as trihydroxyethyl trimellitate).
- trimellitate chain-brancher analyzed as trimethyl trimellitate, but added as trihydroxyethyl trimellitate.
- Each was processed simultaneously through a separate screw melter at a combined polymer throughput of 190 lbs/hr. (86 kg/hr).
- the spun fibers were grouped together to form a rope (relaxed tow denier of 360,000).
- This rope was drawn in a hot wet spray draw zone maintained at 95° C. using a draw ratio of 3.5 ⁇ .
- the drawn filaments were coated with a slickening agent containing a polyaminosiloxane and laid down with an air jet on a conveyor.
- the filaments in the rope on the conveyor were now observed to have helical crimp.
- the (crimped) rope was relaxed in an oven at 175° C, after which it was cooled, and an antistatic finish was applied at about 0.5% by weight, after which the rope was cut in a conventional manner to 3 in. (76 mm).
- the finished product had a denier per filament of 8.9.
- the fibers had a cross section similar to that shown in FIG. 1 (which fiber actually contained slightly different (82/18) proportions of polymer A/B), containing three continuous round voids which were parallel and substantially equal in size and substantially equi-spaced from each other. The periphery of the fiber was round and smooth.
- Various properties of the fibers were measured and are compared in Table 1A, with commercial bicomponent fibers of the delta-RV type marketed by Unitika (Japan) and Sam Yang (South Korea).
- Pillows were prepared from cut bicomponent staples of the Example above and also from the commercially available 6-H18Y (Unitika) and 7-HCS (Sam Yang) by being opened by passing though a picker and were then processed on a garnett (such as a single cylinder double doffer model manufactured by James Hunter Machine Co. of North Adams, Mass.). Two webs of opened fibers were combined and rolled up to form pillow batting. The weight of each pillow was adjusted to 18 oz. (509) gm) and each was then conveyed into 20 in. (51 cm) ⁇ 26 in. (66 cm) tickings of 200 count 100% cotton fabric using a Bemiss pillow stuffer. The pillows (after a refluffing) were measured for Initial Height and Firmness, which are shown in Table 1B.
- the 18 oz (509 gm) pillows of the invention made by this Example have very good filling power, much more so than typical mechanically-crimped slickened fibers, to the extent that we believe that such a pillow filled with as little as 18 oz of our novel hollow bicomponent spiral crimp fiber can provide as much as filling power in a pillow as a prior art pillow filled with 20 oz of commercial mechanically crimped fiber, which is a significant saving; there is also an economic advantage in avoiding the need to use a stuffer box (for mechanical crimping) which can also risk damaging the fibers.
- These pillows had Initial Height superior to 7-HCS and about equivalent to H-18Y.
- Example 2 In contrast to 18 oz (509 gm) pillows with good filling power of the art, these pillows of Example 1 were firm. Their Firmness was greater than for either competitive fiber. An important advantage of such pillows over pillows filled with prior commercially-available spiral crimp fiber is also the versatility and flexibility that use of our technology provides, as will be shown in Example 2.
- a series of bicomponent fibers with differing crimp frequencies were prepared by varying the ratio of the two polymer components, A and B, of Example 1.
- the proportion of polymer A was varied from 70% up to 84% as the proportion of polymer B was varied from 30% down 30% to 16% as shown in Table 3.
- the differing polymer combinations were spun into a series of bicomponent fibers having visually different crimp frequencies. Their physical properties are given in Table 2.
- Each of these fibers was converted into standard roll batting pillows as in Example 1. The properties of the pillows are given in Table 2.
- Preferred proportions of the different polymers in such bicomponent fibers range from about 10/90 to 30/70.
- one component was branched with 3500 ppm (measured as disclosed above) of a chain-brancher which is preferred for reasons discussed in EPA published application 0,294,912, but other chain-branchers as disclosed therein and by Shima may, if desired be used, and, with this preferred chain-brancher, such proportions correspond to crimp frequencies of about 2-8 CPI, respectively.
- Preferred void contents in multi-void fibers according to our invention range from 5% up to 40%, especially 10-30%.
- a 75%/25% slickened/unslickened blend was prepared by cutting three 390,000 denier ropes of the slickened fiber from item B in Example 2 combined with one equivalent rope of the same bicomponent fiber to which no silicone slickener had been applied.
- the resulting staple blend (cut length 3 inches, 7.6 cm) had a noted increase in fiber-fiber friction as measured by an SPF increase from 0.391 to 0.412.
- the proportions of slickened to unslickened bicomponent polyester fiberfill fibers may be varied as desired for aesthetic purposes and/or as needed or desirable for processing, e.g. as little as 5 or 10% of one type of fiber, or more, and the 25/75 mixture used in Example 3 is not intended to be limiting and may not even be optimum for some purposes.
- Bicomponent fibers were prepared from two different glycol terephthalate polyester polymers, each having an IV of 0.66, essentially as described in Example 1, except as indicated.
- One component (A) was polyethylene terephthalate homopolymer (without chainbrancher).
- the other component (B) was ethylene terephthalate polymerized with the addition of 0.13 mole % of trimellitate chain-brancher (added as trihydroxyethyl trimellitate).
- Each was processed simultaneously through a separate extruder at a combined rate of 182 lbs./hr. (83 kg/hr.) per spin cell.
- bicomponent metering and distribution plates allowed bicomponent spinning of these polymers in a side-by-side manner in each of 1176 spinneret capillaries within each spinning cell.
- the flow of these two polymers was controlled at a rate to give a polymer ratio of 78% A and 22% B at a throughput of 0.155 lb/hr./capillary (0.07 kg/hr/capillary).
- Each spinneret capillary was designed such as to give three continuous, equi-spaced and equi-sized round voids throughout the length of the filament and parallel to the filament's central axis.
- the resulting filaments were quenched with 1250 cfm (35 m 3 /min) of 55° F.
- the filaments had a void content of 12.5% and were spun at 500 ypm (457 mpm). The filaments were observed to exhibit no kneeing or bending as they left the spinneret capillaries, and yarn breakage was not a problem.
- the spun fibers were then grouped together to form a rope with a drawn/relaxed tow denier of 1,270,000 (1,410,000 dtex) and drawn through a wet draw bath maintained at 900 to 98° C. using a draw ratio of 3.15 ⁇ .
- the drawn filaments were coated with a polyaminosiloxane slickening agent and laid down on a conveyor. Spiral crimps were observed at the point of lay down. This helical fiber was then processed through a drying oven operating at 170° C. after which it was cooled and an antistatic finish was applied.
- This fiber was found to have the physical properties given in Table 4A.
- Bicomponent filaments were spun essentially as described in Example 4 with the exception that the combined polymer throughput was 210 lb./hr. (95.3 kg/hr.) per spin cell, 0.18 lb./hr./capillary (0.08 kg/hr/capillary), and the polymer ratio A:B was 89:11, and were found to have physical properties as shown in Table 5.
- the fiber produced in this Example was found to have excellent high amplitude, low frequency, crimp formation, such as is extremely useful for filled articles and other uses where a soft hand is required.
- the fibers of both Examples 4 and 5 exhibited excellent and useful crimp even though the amount of chain-brancher present in polymer B was only about half the required minimum taught by Shima, and even though polymer B comprised only 22% of our fiber in our Example 4 and only 11% of our fiber in our Example 5.
- the melt viscosities of our two polymers were controlled during polymer formation so they were similar, despite the addition of chain-brancher to the B polymer.
Abstract
Description
TABLE 1A ______________________________________ Physical Properties of Bicomponent Fibers Item Example 1 H18Y 7-HCS ______________________________________ DPF 8.9 6.0 7.0 Crimp/inch (cm) 6.1 (15.5) 5.0 (12.7) 5.4 (11.9) % void 11.4 25.1 3.8 TBRM In. (cm @ 0.001 PSI 5.56 (14.1) 5.81 (14.8) 5.76 (14.6) in. (cm @ 0.2 PSI 0.66 (1.68) 0.56 (1.42) 0.36 (0.91) Staple Pad Friction 0.353 0.262 0.246 % silicon 0.324 0.210 0.215 ______________________________________
TABLE 1B ______________________________________ Properties of 18 oz. rolled batting pillows Item Example 1 H18Y 7-HCS ______________________________________ Initial Pillow Height in (cm) 8.98 (19.8) 9.18 (23.3) 7.69 (19.8) Firmness lbs (kg) 7.97 (3.62) 7.04 (3.20) 3.29 (1.50) ______________________________________
TABLE 2 __________________________________________________________________________ PROPERTIES OF FIBERS AND PILLOWS IN CRIMP SERIES Item A B C D __________________________________________________________________________ % polymer A 70 78 80 84 % polymer B 30 22 20 16 DPF 8.7 8.8 8.9 9.6 Crimp/in (cm) 6.8 (17.3) 7.1 (18.0) 5.7 (14.5) 3.9 (9.90) % void 14.6 11.4 11.5 9.4 TBRM Height In (cm) @ .001 PSI 4.52 (11.5) 5.24 (13.3) 5.54 (14.1) 5.64 (14.3) In (cm) @ .2 PSI 0.95 (2.4) 0.82 (2.1) 0.65 (1.7) 0.50 (1.3 SPF 0.558 0.405 0.355 0.294 % silicon 0.313 0.317 0.324 0.303 Initial pillow: Height, in (cm) 9.40 (23.9) 9.14 (23.2) 8.98 (22.8) 9.16 (23.3) Firmness, lbs (kg) 9.20 (4.18) 10.02 (4.55) 7.97 (3.62) 6.33 (2.87) __________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 3 ______________________________________ Properties of Blended Bicomponent Pillows 75/25 slickened/ non-slick blend all-slick height firmness height firmness in (cm) lbs (kg) in (cm) lbs. (kg) ______________________________________ Initial Pillow 9.16 (23.3) 9.68 (4.40) 9.14 (23.2) 10.02 (4.55) After stomp/ 9.06 (23.0) 6.70 (3.05) 9.01 (22.9) 7.00 (3.18) wash cycle ______________________________________
TABLE 4A ______________________________________ DPF (dtex) 8.75 (9.7) TBRM BL1 in (cm) 5.1 (13) TBRM BL2 in (cm) 0.8 (2) SPF 0.442 CPI (CPcm) 7.3 (2.9) CTU 38% ______________________________________
TABLE 4B ______________________________________ INV SHIMA I SHIMA II ______________________________________ Number of Crimps (per 25 mm) 9.2 10.5 13.1 (Shima) Apparent Percentage Crimp (Shima) 16.9% 16.8% 18.2% Residual Percentage Crimp (Shima) 16.4% 16.5% 15.5% Crimp Elasticity (Shima) 97% 98% 92% ______________________________________
TABLE 5 ______________________________________ DPF (dtex) 6.8 (7.5) TBRM BL1 in (cm) 5.9 (15) TBRM BL2 in (cm) 0.4 (1) SPF 0.213 CPI (CPcm) 3.1 (1.2) CTU 42% Number of Crimps (per 25 mm) (Shima) 4.3 Apparent Percentage Crimp (Shima) 16.9% Residual Percentage Crimp (Shima) 16.9% Crimp Elasticity (Shima) 100% ______________________________________
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/971,063 US5882794A (en) | 1994-09-30 | 1997-11-14 | Synthetic fiber cross-section |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/315,748 US5458971A (en) | 1994-09-30 | 1994-09-30 | Pillows and other filled articles and in their filling materials |
US08/542,974 US5683811A (en) | 1994-09-30 | 1995-10-13 | Pillows and other filled articles and in their filling materials |
US08/794,101 US5723215A (en) | 1994-09-30 | 1997-02-03 | Bicomponent polyester fibers |
US08/971,063 US5882794A (en) | 1994-09-30 | 1997-11-14 | Synthetic fiber cross-section |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/794,101 Continuation-In-Part US5723215A (en) | 1994-09-30 | 1997-02-03 | Bicomponent polyester fibers |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5882794A true US5882794A (en) | 1999-03-16 |
Family
ID=27405817
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/971,063 Expired - Fee Related US5882794A (en) | 1994-09-30 | 1997-11-14 | Synthetic fiber cross-section |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5882794A (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6458455B1 (en) | 2000-09-12 | 2002-10-01 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) tetrachannel cross-section staple fiber |
US20030157293A1 (en) * | 2002-02-21 | 2003-08-21 | Quinn Darren Scott | Filled articles comprising blown fibers |
US6752945B2 (en) | 2000-09-12 | 2004-06-22 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for making poly(trimethylene terephthalate) staple fibers |
US20050026526A1 (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-02-03 | Verdegan Barry M. | High performance filter media with internal nanofiber structure and manufacturing methodology |
US20050147788A1 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2005-07-07 | Invista North America S.A R.L. | Spinneret plate for producing a bulked continuous filament having a three-sided exterior cross-section and a convex six-sided central void |
DE102004026667A1 (en) * | 2004-05-28 | 2005-12-29 | Schramm Gmbh & Co.Kg | Extrusion die for the production of a man-made fiber for use as artificial grass has one or more openings, each with an inner element |
US20170254018A1 (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2017-09-07 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Sheet material and manufacturing method thereof |
US20170313023A1 (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2017-11-02 | J.H. Ziegler Gmbh | Textile composite material for lamination, comprising a nonwoven fabric component and a foam material component |
US20180050514A1 (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2018-02-22 | J.H. Ziegler Gmbh | Textile composite material for lamination of a seat cover, comprising a nonwoven fabric component and a foam material component |
Citations (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3328850A (en) * | 1964-07-13 | 1967-07-04 | Celanese Corp | Tow opening |
GB1168759A (en) * | 1967-09-23 | 1969-10-29 | Glanzstoff Ag | Polyester Fibres |
US3520770A (en) * | 1965-07-06 | 1970-07-14 | Teijin Ltd | Polyester composite filaments and method of producing same |
US3745061A (en) * | 1969-02-26 | 1973-07-10 | Du Pont | Synthetic filaments having at least three continuous nonround voids |
US3772137A (en) * | 1968-09-30 | 1973-11-13 | Du Pont | Polyester pillow batt |
US3952134A (en) * | 1970-03-23 | 1976-04-20 | Celanese Corporation | Continuous filament product |
US4618531A (en) * | 1985-05-15 | 1986-10-21 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polyester fiberfill and process |
EP0267684A2 (en) * | 1986-11-10 | 1988-05-18 | Viragen, Inc. | Human leukocyte interferon composition and skin treatment |
US4794038A (en) * | 1985-05-15 | 1988-12-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polyester fiberfill |
US4818599A (en) * | 1986-10-21 | 1989-04-04 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Polyester fiberfill |
US5104725A (en) * | 1988-07-29 | 1992-04-14 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Batts and articles of new polyester fiberfill |
US5141805A (en) * | 1988-12-01 | 1992-08-25 | Kanebo Ltd. | Cushion material and method for preparation thereof |
US5458971A (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1995-10-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Pillows and other filled articles and in their filling materials |
US5723215A (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1998-03-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Bicomponent polyester fibers |
-
1997
- 1997-11-14 US US08/971,063 patent/US5882794A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3328850A (en) * | 1964-07-13 | 1967-07-04 | Celanese Corp | Tow opening |
US3520770A (en) * | 1965-07-06 | 1970-07-14 | Teijin Ltd | Polyester composite filaments and method of producing same |
GB1168759A (en) * | 1967-09-23 | 1969-10-29 | Glanzstoff Ag | Polyester Fibres |
US3772137A (en) * | 1968-09-30 | 1973-11-13 | Du Pont | Polyester pillow batt |
US3745061A (en) * | 1969-02-26 | 1973-07-10 | Du Pont | Synthetic filaments having at least three continuous nonround voids |
US3952134A (en) * | 1970-03-23 | 1976-04-20 | Celanese Corporation | Continuous filament product |
US4794038A (en) * | 1985-05-15 | 1988-12-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polyester fiberfill |
US4618531A (en) * | 1985-05-15 | 1986-10-21 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polyester fiberfill and process |
US5112684A (en) * | 1985-05-15 | 1992-05-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fillings and other aspects of fibers |
US4818599A (en) * | 1986-10-21 | 1989-04-04 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Polyester fiberfill |
EP0267684A2 (en) * | 1986-11-10 | 1988-05-18 | Viragen, Inc. | Human leukocyte interferon composition and skin treatment |
US5104725A (en) * | 1988-07-29 | 1992-04-14 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Batts and articles of new polyester fiberfill |
US5141805A (en) * | 1988-12-01 | 1992-08-25 | Kanebo Ltd. | Cushion material and method for preparation thereof |
US5458971A (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1995-10-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Pillows and other filled articles and in their filling materials |
US5683811A (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1997-11-04 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Pillows and other filled articles and in their filling materials |
US5723215A (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1998-03-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Bicomponent polyester fibers |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6872352B2 (en) | 2000-09-12 | 2005-03-29 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process of making web or fiberfill from polytrimethylene terephthalate staple fibers |
US6458455B1 (en) | 2000-09-12 | 2002-10-01 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) tetrachannel cross-section staple fiber |
US6752945B2 (en) | 2000-09-12 | 2004-06-22 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for making poly(trimethylene terephthalate) staple fibers |
US6835339B2 (en) | 2000-09-12 | 2004-12-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for preparing poly(trimethylene terephthalate) tetrachannel cross-section staple fiber |
US20030071394A1 (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2003-04-17 | Hernandez Ismael A. | Process for preparing poly(trimethylene terephthalate) tetrachannel cross-section staple fiber |
US20030157293A1 (en) * | 2002-02-21 | 2003-08-21 | Quinn Darren Scott | Filled articles comprising blown fibers |
US20050026526A1 (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-02-03 | Verdegan Barry M. | High performance filter media with internal nanofiber structure and manufacturing methodology |
US20050147788A1 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2005-07-07 | Invista North America S.A R.L. | Spinneret plate for producing a bulked continuous filament having a three-sided exterior cross-section and a convex six-sided central void |
DE102004026667A1 (en) * | 2004-05-28 | 2005-12-29 | Schramm Gmbh & Co.Kg | Extrusion die for the production of a man-made fiber for use as artificial grass has one or more openings, each with an inner element |
US20170254018A1 (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2017-09-07 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Sheet material and manufacturing method thereof |
US11021838B2 (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2021-06-01 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Sheet material and manufacturing method thereof |
US20170313023A1 (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2017-11-02 | J.H. Ziegler Gmbh | Textile composite material for lamination, comprising a nonwoven fabric component and a foam material component |
US20180050514A1 (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2018-02-22 | J.H. Ziegler Gmbh | Textile composite material for lamination of a seat cover, comprising a nonwoven fabric component and a foam material component |
US10821702B2 (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2020-11-03 | J.H. Ziegler Gmbh | Textile composite material for lamination, comprising a nonwoven fabric component and a foam material component |
US10894383B2 (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2021-01-19 | J.H. Ziegler Gmbh | Textile composite material for lamination of a seat cover, comprising a nonwoven fabric component and a foam material component |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5683811A (en) | Pillows and other filled articles and in their filling materials | |
EP1230451B1 (en) | Process for the production of fiberfill products comprising polytrimethylene terephthalate staple fibers | |
EP0836655B1 (en) | Improvements in polyester filaments and tows | |
EP0929700B1 (en) | Polyester fiber | |
MXPA97002077A (en) | Improvements in pillows and other articles with filling and in their rell materials | |
EP0848766B1 (en) | Polyester tows | |
US5723215A (en) | Bicomponent polyester fibers | |
WO1997002374A9 (en) | New polyester tows | |
US6835339B2 (en) | Process for preparing poly(trimethylene terephthalate) tetrachannel cross-section staple fiber | |
US5882794A (en) | Synthetic fiber cross-section | |
US5484650A (en) | Hollow fiber identification | |
US5540994A (en) | Fiber identification | |
US5540993A (en) | Relating to fiber identification | |
US5527611A (en) | Relating to hollow fiber identification | |
US3449486A (en) | Method for producing a thermally selfbonded low density nonwoven product | |
JPH0120625B2 (en) | ||
TW294731B (en) | ||
EP0873438A1 (en) | Improvements in and relating to fiber identification | |
EP0871807A1 (en) | Improvements in and relating to hollow fiber identification | |
KR19990064194A (en) | Improved Fiber Identification Method |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY, DELAWARE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HERNANDEZ, ISMAEL ANTONIO;JONES, WILLIAM JONAS, JR.;QUINN, DARREN SCOTT;REEL/FRAME:009080/0486 Effective date: 19971111 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: INVISTA NORTH AMERICA S.A.R.L., DELAWARE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:015286/0708 Effective date: 20040430 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., TEXAS Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INVISTA NORTH AMERICA S.A.R.L. F/K/A ARTEVA NORTH AMERICA S.A.R.;REEL/FRAME:015592/0824 Effective date: 20040430 |
|
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
|
FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20070316 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: INVISTA NORTH AMERICA S.A.R.L. (F/K/A ARTEVA NORTH Free format text: RELEASE OF U.S. PATENT SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT AND COLLATERAL AGENT (F/K/A JPMORGAN CHASE BANK);REEL/FRAME:022427/0001 Effective date: 20090206 |