US5159673A - Apparatus for networking programmable logic controllers to host computers - Google Patents
Apparatus for networking programmable logic controllers to host computers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5159673A US5159673A US07/850,234 US85023492A US5159673A US 5159673 A US5159673 A US 5159673A US 85023492 A US85023492 A US 85023492A US 5159673 A US5159673 A US 5159673A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- messages
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- user
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/05—Programmable logic controllers, e.g. simulating logic interconnections of signals according to ladder diagrams or function charts
- G05B19/052—Linking several PLC's
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L51/00—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
- H04L51/21—Monitoring or handling of messages
- H04L51/212—Monitoring or handling of messages using filtering or selective blocking
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L51/00—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
- H04L51/48—Message addressing, e.g. address format or anonymous messages, aliases
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/40—Network security protocols
Definitions
- PLCs programmable logic controllers
- a host computer can concurrently perform a plurality of applications programs, or user tasks.
- a PLC When a PLC is connected to such a host computer, it is often important for the host computer to obtain data from the PLC. Typically this is accomplished by having the host computer poll the PLC. However, this polling either requires the host computer to interrupt the PLC's processing of its ladder program, or it requires the host computer to wait for the PLC to complete a scan of its ladder program. Further it is often important for the PLC to send unsolicited information to the host computer.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a plurality of microprocessor based devices coupled to a high-speed communications network
- FIG. 2 is a more detailed block diagram illustrating software architecture of a host computer and a PLC, each coupled to the high-speed data communications network;
- FIG. 3 is a software data flow diagram illustrating important elements in the communications architecture of the system.
- the communications network 23 comprises a Thin Wire Ethernet (Type 10BASE2) 10Mbaud network.
- the host computer 25 can couple directly to the Thin Wire Ethernet network with an appropriate Thin Wire Ethernet interface (not shown), or it can attach to a standard Ethernet (Type 10BASE5) network which is then connected through a repeater (not shown) to the Thin Wire Ethernet network.
- One such repeater is a DEC model DEMPR-AA multi-port repeater which has one 15-pin transceiver cable connector and eight Thin Wire connectors.
- Another repeater is a DEC model DESPR-AA single-port repeater, which has one 15-pin transceiver cable connector and one Thin Wire connector.
- the 15-pin transceiver cable is used to connect the repeaters to a standard thick-wire Ethernet.
- the DEMPR-AA and DESPR-AA count as one Thin Wire network drop on each network to which they are attached, so up to 29 microprocessor based devices can be attached to each port.
- the repeaters do not require drop numbers.
- the host computer 25 further includes a global alarm queue 60. Specifics of the software architecture are discussed below with respect to FIG. 3.
- the task mailbox registers 61, 62, 63, and their respective alarm queues 64, 65, 66, are assigned the drop number of their respective device.
- the first user task mailbox register 61 is located at drop number "6". Therefore, the first user task mailbox register 61 and the first user alarm queue, have the drop number "6".
- the user task mailbox registers 61, 62, 63 have the same drop numbers as their respective user alarm queues 64, 65, 66.
- Data to be sent to one of the user task mailbox registers 61, 62, 63 is distinguished from data to be sent to one of their respective user alarm queues 64, 65, 66, by the particular register address.
- Two locations in the first PLC 21 are able to receive and store data, that being the mailbox register 39 and the image table 32.
- the number "5" of the routing address (5, 107) represents the location of the origination of the data, in this case being the device coupled to drop number "5".
- the number "107" of the routing address (5, 107) is the address of the global mailbox register 54.
- the ENIM mailbox registers of the individual PLCs on the communications network 23, such as the mailbox register 39 of the first PLC 21, are assigned an address number "200".
- the number "200" precedes the drop number of its respective drop location. For example, if data is to be transferred from the first user task 55, to the mailbox register 39, the routing would be (6, 7, 200, 5).
- the number "6" of the routing address (6, 7, 200, 5) indicates the location of the origination of the message, in this case being the drop number of the first user task 55.
- the number "7" of the routing address (6, 7, 200, 5) represents the exit from the software bus 67.
- the user task mailbox registers 61, 62, 63, are requested and specified when the respective user task first connects to the dispatcher 52.
- the host configuration table 72 is a block of 1000 registers coupled to the second network module 71. As indicated above, the first network module 69 and second network module 71 emulate two back-to-back hardware NIMs. Therefore, as with the ENIM 35, the host configuration table 72 has an address of "200" followed by the drop number of its respective drop location, which in this case would be (200,7).
- the host configuration table 72 specifies protocol data, such as response time-outs, retries and the like.
- Each of the user tasks 55, 57, 59 can have up to 8192 user task registers numbered in the range 0001-8192.
- the particular mailbox register numbers are specified by its respective user task. Start and end register numbers of start and end registers can be anywhere in the range, if fewer than 8192 registers are needed. For example, 1000 mailbox registers could be numbered 1234-2233, if desired.
- Each of the tasks, user tasks as well as system task includes a respective per-process mailbox, such as the first per-process mailbox 80 associated with the first user task 55.
- the per-process mailbox 80 is used as a signaling mechanism to inform the respective tasks that a message is available. Messages sent via the per-process mailbox 80 are simply a prompt; only a few bytes of pertinent data are actually transferred via the per-process mailbox 80. The actual message is placed into and temporarily stored in a communication buffer 82.
- the message buffers 96 are memory locations for storing messages.
- the dispatcher input queue pointers 88 identify locations in the message buffer 96 for messages received from the various ones of the tasks, user as well as system.
- the free list queue pointers 94 identify unused (i.e., available) locations in the message buffer 96. Messages received from the communications network 23 are given a higher priority than messages from the tasks to lessen the chance of missing a message from the communications network 23.
- Messages are similarly transferred from a task to the dispatcher 52. However because the dispatcher 52 does not distinguish between reply and command messages, only one queue is required.
- the particular user task obtains an available message buffer from the free list queue pointers 94.
- an error reply is generated.
- the error reply is sent to the source of the command message.
- Unsolicited messages can be accepted by the tasks, user as well as system. These messages can read and write data to the local mailboxes and write alarms to the local alarm queues
- the present invention also provides for prioritization and response to alarms by the host computer 25, both on a global level as well as on a user task level.
- Alarms on the global level are accessible by any one of the user tasks 55, 57, 59, while alarms on the user task level are only accessible by that particular one of the user tasks 55, 57, 59.
- An alarm is written to an alarm queue, by another device, by issuing a write-register command to the particular register, based on the queue to be written.
- these "pointer" registers are:
- the dispatcher 52 further includes a configuration file 52c comprising a disk file that the dispatcher 52 reads when it starts running to determine a number of operating parameters, such as the drop number of the host computer 25.
- a configuration file 52c comprising a disk file that the dispatcher 52 reads when it starts running to determine a number of operating parameters, such as the drop number of the host computer 25.
- the drop number of the global alarm queues is the drop number of the host computer 25 plus 100. Therefore, the route of an alarm write operation would have the drop number of the host computer 25 plus 100 as the last route number.
- Each of the user tasks 55, 57, 59 has an option of setting up three alarm queues for itself. This is done when the particular one of the user tasks first "connects" to the dispatcher 52. These local alarm queues can only be read by the particular one of the user tasks; however alarms can be sent to the local alarm queues from anywhere on the system.
- the user task's drop number which is also specified when the user task connects to the system task 53, is used as the last route number in the route field address of an alarm write operation.
- the second--last route number is the drop number of the host computer 25.
- This communication protocol is used by any of the processor based devices on the communications network 23, including the host computer 25, that wish to exchange information.
- a timer determines if the sending device waited long enough for an acknowledgment (ACK) to be returned. The length of time that the sending device waits is user determinable.
- the GET ADDRESS REQUEST is only used to establish the addresses of the devices on the communications network 23.
- the GET ADDRESS REQUEST does not contain any data destined for an end device or task. Once the addresses of the devices on the communications network 23 are established, data can be sent to the end devices or tasks.
- the Ethernet transmit queue is reexamined to see if there are any other messages for this device. If other messages exist, the transmitter will perform steps 1-3 on new messages (without waiting for an acknowledgment of the original message). The only exception to this step is if there are 254 outstanding messages to a particular device. For this case, the transmitter will be required to hold any new message until an acknowledgement is received to a previous message.
Abstract
Description
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US07/850,234 US5159673A (en) | 1990-03-22 | 1992-03-11 | Apparatus for networking programmable logic controllers to host computers |
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US49746590A | 1990-03-22 | 1990-03-22 | |
US07/850,234 US5159673A (en) | 1990-03-22 | 1992-03-11 | Apparatus for networking programmable logic controllers to host computers |
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US49746590A Continuation | 1990-03-22 | 1990-03-22 |
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US5159673A true US5159673A (en) | 1992-10-27 |
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US07/850,234 Expired - Lifetime US5159673A (en) | 1990-03-22 | 1992-03-11 | Apparatus for networking programmable logic controllers to host computers |
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Cited By (93)
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US5388268A (en) * | 1992-09-18 | 1995-02-07 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Methods of indicating states of software processes cooperating on a single task |
US5862401A (en) * | 1994-10-11 | 1999-01-19 | Crown International, Inc. | Programmable central intelligence controller and distributed intelligence network for analog/digital control systems |
US5975737A (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 1999-11-02 | Control Technology Corporation | Distributed interface architecture for programmable industrial control systems |
US5978364A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1999-11-02 | Philips Electronics North America Corporation | Method for routing data packets within a wireless, packet-hopping network and a wireless network for implementing the same |
US6151625A (en) * | 1997-09-10 | 2000-11-21 | Schneider Automation Inc. | Internet web interface including programmable logic controller for controlling output devices based on status of input devices |
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Cited By (161)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
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US5978364A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1999-11-02 | Philips Electronics North America Corporation | Method for routing data packets within a wireless, packet-hopping network and a wireless network for implementing the same |
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