US468740A - brown - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- US468740A US468740A US468740DA US468740A US 468740 A US468740 A US 468740A US 468740D A US468740D A US 468740DA US 468740 A US468740 A US 468740A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bath
- metal
- potassium
- temperature
- cooling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 26
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 101700045840 ECT Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
Definitions
- SAMUEL H BROWN, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO MICHAEL MOBARRON, OF SAME PLACE.
- My invention relates to an improved process of annealing metals-as steel, iron, aluminum, copperan d its alloys, and the precious metals in a new annealing bath and to a process of restoring and maintaining said loath.
- my invention consists in subjecting metal to the action of a molten bath of a nitrite of an alkali metal aim'ward SllbJ ectin g the same to the action of a coolingbath.
- the metal to be treated is now in troduced to the bath, and when it has become heated to about the temperature of the bath' say, in about two minutes, more or less, according to its dimensions and character--it is withdrawn. It will then be found covered I With a coating or film of the material of the bath, which effectually protects it from the Serial No. 411,540. (No specimens.)
- the metal or alloy is transferred immediately to the cooling-bath.
- the material In the case of copper, its alloys, or the precious metals the metal or alloy is transferred immediately to the cooling-bath.
- the material In the case of steel or iron the material is held with its protective film or coating intact for a short time, when it is immersed in the cooling-bath.
- the cooling-bath maybe of any suitable material; but I prefer to employ a bath of about forty-eight per cent. of glyceriue, forty-nine per cent. of water, and about three per cent. of starch.
- nitrate of potassium is added in suitable quantities from time to time. This serves to restore and maintain the bath in the condition of a nitrite.
Description
' in suitable quantity UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
SAMUEL H. BROWN, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO MICHAEL MOBARRON, OF SAME PLACE.
ANNEALING PROCESS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 468,740, dated February 9, 1892.
Application filed November 11, 1891.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, SAMUEL H. BROWN, a citizen of the United States, residing in Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Masssachusetts, have invented a new and useful Process of Annealing Metals; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to practice the same.
My invention relates to an improved process of annealing metals-as steel, iron, aluminum, copperan d its alloys, and the precious metals in a new annealing bath and to a process of restoring and maintaining said loath.
Heretofore in annealing metals it has been difficult to bring all of the parts of the article under treatment to a uniform heat and to heat the same to a proper'temperature without oxidizing the surface either during the heating or during the subsequent cooling period.
It is the object of my invention to obviate these difficulties and expeditiously and economically anneal the various metals and their alloys.
To this end my invention consists in subjecting metal to the action of a molten bath of a nitrite of an alkali metal aim'ward SllbJ ectin g the same to the action of a coolingbath.
In practice I subject the metal to be treated to a heat of about 900 Fahrenheit in a bath composed of the nitrite of potassium and afterward withdraw the same and plunge it into a cooling-bath. I take the nitrate of potassium and heat it in a proper vessel to a temperature of from 800to 1,000 Fahrenheit, otherwise to a low red heat, at which temperature it parts Witha portion of its oxygen, which, if allowed to remain, would oxidize the surface of the metal under treatment. The bath is now in a limpid molten condition, ready for the immersion of the articles to be annealed, and is essentially a nitrite of potassium, which only gives off further oxygen slowly, and then in connection with nitrogen. The metal to be treated is now in troduced to the bath, and when it has become heated to about the temperature of the bath' say, in about two minutes, more or less, according to its dimensions and character--it is withdrawn. It will then be found covered I With a coating or film of the material of the bath, which effectually protects it from the Serial No. 411,540. (No specimens.)
oxidizing effects of the atmosphere and keeps it in condition to be subjected to the final cooling step of the annealing process.
In the case of copper, its alloys, or the precious metals the metal or alloy is transferred immediately to the cooling-bath. In the case of steel or iron the material is held with its protective film or coating intact for a short time, when it is immersed in the cooling-bath. The cooling-bath maybe of any suitable material; but I prefer to employ a bath of about forty-eight per cent. of glyceriue, forty-nine per cent. of water, and about three per cent. of starch. When the metal is plunged into the cooling-mixture, the film or coating is re moved and the surface is left smooth and free from scale.
To maintain the volume of the molten bath as it becomes reduced by the withdrawal of portions of the same as a film or coating on the metal inserted and withdrawn additional nitrate of potassium is added in suitable quantities from time to time. This serves to restore and maintain the bath in the condition of a nitrite.
Having now described my invention, what I claim is 1. The process of annealing metals, which consists in fusingnitrite of potassium, raising the temperature of the fused bath to about 900 Fahrenheit, maintaining the bath at this temperature a suitable period to drive off a portion of the contained oxygen, placing the metal in the resulting bath until it becomes sufliciently heated, and finally cooling the metal, as specified.
2. The process of forming and maintaining an annealing-bath of nitrite of potassium, consisting in raising nitrate of potassium to a temperature of about 900 Fahrenheit, maintaining the same at this temperature a suitable period to drive off a portion of the contained oxygen, and adding nitrate of potassium at suitable intervals to the fused nitrite, so as to supply the oxygen necessary to prevent the nitrite from being reduced to an oxide, substantially as described.
In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.
SAMUEL H. BROWN. Witnesses:
WM. M. STOCKBRIDG-E, GOMER J ones.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US468740A true US468740A (en) | 1892-02-09 |
Family
ID=2537601
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US468740D Expired - Lifetime US468740A (en) | brown |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US468740A (en) |
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0
- US US468740D patent/US468740A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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