US3898747A - Laser system for weapon fire simulation - Google Patents

Laser system for weapon fire simulation Download PDF

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US3898747A
US3898747A US482544A US48254474A US3898747A US 3898747 A US3898747 A US 3898747A US 482544 A US482544 A US 482544A US 48254474 A US48254474 A US 48254474A US 3898747 A US3898747 A US 3898747A
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hit
weapon
kill
laser
actuator
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US482544A
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Albert H Marshall
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US Department of Navy
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41GWEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/26Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
    • F41G3/2616Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device
    • F41G3/2622Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile
    • F41G3/2683Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile with reflection of the beam on the target back to the weapon
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A33/00Adaptations for training; Gun simulators
    • F41A33/02Light- or radiation-emitting guns ; Light- or radiation-sensitive guns; Cartridges carrying light emitting sources, e.g. laser

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  • a weapon direct fire kill simulator system in which a laser transmitter means of dual mode, narrow and broad beam projection, capability, a hit receiveractuator means and hit indication means all fixed to a weapon to be simulated and having a trigger switch are combined with a man target means having retroreflective apparel or patches to reflect the narrow fire beam back to the hit receiver-actuator and combined also with a 360 kill detector-actuator means to receive the kili beam to actuate a kill indicator alarm also made a part of the man target wearing apparel.
  • the invention also contemplates a timing means and adjustable range gate means to disable the system when the target is beyond the simulated weapons range, comparator means to eliminate noise signals below the value of the hit indicator signals, and disabling means to inactivate a man target once hit.
  • the system provides immediate hit indication to the,.trainee and kill indication to the man target while also correcting for weapon characteristics.
  • LASER SYSTEM FOR WEAPON FIRE SIMULATION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the field of education and training in direct fire weapons and to the field of simulation relating to a man vs man combat system.
  • a basic system of laser beam transmitter and man target apparel of retroreflective material provides only an indication of kill to the trainee firing the weapon but provides no kill data or indication to the man target and no disablement of the man target.
  • the invention comprises an arrangement of a dual mode laser transmitter and a receiver, together with hit indicator means in integral relationship with a weapon to be simulated having switch means for operating the transmitter in hit mode beam when the trigger switch is actuated.
  • the invention comprises in association therewith a man target (simulating man to man engagement) wherein the man target is provided with apparel or patches of retroreflector material to reflect the fire beam to the receiver-actuator and thereby actuate the transmitter to the second or broad beam kill mode.
  • the broad beam is received by kill receiver-actuator (detector) means on the helmet of the man target to actuate an alarm system which can only be shut off by turning a key in a circuit which eliminates the man target from further competition.
  • the invention also contemplates range gate means for inactivating the laser transmitter when the target is beyond the weapon range, and voltage comparator means for eliminating noise signals of a level below the hit signal level.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic functional presentation of a man-to-man wepon fire kill simulator system incorporating the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of circuit details of the system of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a suitable amplifier and avalanche detector employed in the system of FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 shows a suitable circuit for the kill detector, alarm system and key interlock employed to indicate a kill
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic of a suitable integrated circuit timer and light emitting diode used in the circuit of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown two fighting men, trainees, equipped with a weapon fire simulator system incorporating the invention.
  • the trainees and 12 are identically equipped and for convenience in reference, identical equipment will be given the same numerical identification for each item of equipment.
  • trainees l0 and 12 are provided with helmets 14 having 360 kill receiver-actuators 16 for laser beams, alarm means 18, jackets 20 of retroreflective material and a laser type weapon simulator 22 having a trigger 24, a fire beam (narrow beam) laser 26, kill beam (wide angle) laser 28, hit receiver-actuator 30, hit indicator 32, power source means 34, and comparator and gating circuit means 36 to exclude noise signals and input signals beyond the intended range of the weapon.
  • FIG. 1 Also shown in FIG. 1 are the several rays which result from the firing and hitting of a man target.
  • actuation of the trigger 24 energizes the fire beam laser 26 which produces a narrow fire beam 38 which upon striking the retroreflective jacket 20 of the target man is retroreflected (beam 40) to actuate the hit receiveractuator 30.
  • Receiver-actuator 30 then actuates the hit indicator 32 to give an immediate hit indication to the trainee firing the weapon but also activates the kill .beam laser 28 which produces a broad angle kill beam 42.
  • the latter actuates the 360 kill receiver-actuator 16 on the helmet 14 of the man target which in turn activates an alarm means 18 on the man target indicating to him that he is out of action.
  • the rifle trigger switch 24 when closed activates a laser pulser and gallium arsenide laser diode 27 which together with collimating lens 23 constitute the fire beam laser 26 of FIG. 1. Squeezing the trigger switch 24 thus initiates the firing of the narrow fire beam 38 at the mantarget 12. If the narrow fire beam pulse 38 strikes the retroreflective target 12, it is reflected back to the hit receiveractuator which comprises an interference filter 44, collecting lens 46, avalanche photo diode 50, transimpedance amplifier 52 and an RC filter-comparator circuit, indicated generally at 54.
  • the retroreflected fire pulse 40 is filtered, collected and focused on the avalanche photo diode via the filter 44 and the collecting lens 46, the photo diode 50 being a high gain detector and the output thereof is amplified by the transimpedance amplifier 52.
  • the output of the amplifier 52 is threshold detected by a voltage comparator circuit 54.
  • Comparator circuit 54 includes an adjustable reference voltage source provided from reference voltage V and potentiometers 56 and 58 connected to ground as indicated.
  • An RC circuit including capacitor 60 and resistor 62 is provided to couple the amplifier 52 to comparator 54.
  • the voltage comparator 54 When the output from the amplifier 52 exceeds the set reference voltage, thus eliminating noise signals up to that set level, the voltage comparator 54 generates a logical one signal pulse which is passed via line 64 as one input to an AND gate 66 which forms part of the gating circuit means 36.
  • the other portion of the gating circuit means 36 includes a current transformer 68 and one shot range gate (multivibrator) 70.
  • the current pulse from the laser pulser is sensed by the current transformer 68 which triggers the one shot multivibra' tor range gate 70 which in turn provides a logical one input as a second input to the AND gate 66 for a time duration equivalent to the weapons maximum range. That is, the range gate multivibrator holds the AND gate in potential conducting condition for a time period up to that time which would match the ballistic flight time at maximum range.
  • This AND gate signal triggers three actions.
  • the rifle as indicated in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 2 is provided with a lamp, actually a light emitting diode (LED) 32, and the output signal from gate 66 activates a timer 72 which activates the LED hit indicator 32 on the rifle sight.
  • the rifle is, in a preferred embodiment, provided with a hit counter 76 which can be built into the rifle stock and which provides a record of target hits.
  • the output signal from the AND gate 66 triggers the kill beam (broad beam) laser 28.
  • Laser 28 comprises a laser pulser 78, gallium arsenide diode 80 and collimating lens 82, and produces the diverging broad angle kill beam 42 which in turn actuates the 360 kill receiver-actuator 16 (FIG. 1) on the helment 14 of the man target 12 and turns on the hit alarm 18 indicating to the man target and to referees that the man is out of action.
  • the kill receiveractuator 16 may comprise four photodiode detectors located on four sides of a rectangular box type holder in turn mounted on the helmet 14 as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the number of detectors on the helmet can be reduced from four ifa prism or optical fiber means are utilized.
  • FIG. 4 One suitable receiver and alarm circuit for the helmet receiver equipment is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the circuit comprises a photo diode 84 coupled to a comparator circuit 86 via an operational amplifier 88 operating in the current to voltage amplifier mode and a voltage gain amplifier 90.
  • the remainder of the circuit comprises an alarm, which could be a horn 92 operated through a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) 94 which is actuated to on condition responsive to the output signal of the voltage comparator 86 and to of condition by operating a key switch indicated at 96.
  • SCR silicon-controlled rectifier
  • the amplifier 88 When the kill beam laser pulse 42 (FIG. 4) is received by the diode 84 the amplifier 88 is actuated via the capacitor coupling 98. The output of the amplifier 88 acting as a current to voltage converter is inverted and further amplifier in the series connected second operational amplifier 90. Capacitor coupling 91 is provided to ac (alternating current) couple the two amplifiers. Capacitor 89 connected to ground indicated provides a noise filter and the ratio of resistance values of feedback resistor 95 and series resistor 93 determines the voltage gain. The high speed voltage comparator 86, responsive to an input from amplifier 90 on input line 100, produces a high output voltage when the input voltage exceeds the reference voltage (indicated). The
  • reference voltage is set just above noise level by a potentiometer 102 in the referencelevel circuit.
  • the high voltage output when produced by the comparator 86 is passed via diode 104 and lines 106, 108, and 112 to the base 93 of SCR 94 to trigger the latter to on condition.
  • the voltage drop across resistor 114 actuates the hit alarm 92 which could be an audio or visual alarm.
  • a key is required to operate the switch 96 to shut the alarm off. It is contemplated that this key will be a key removable from the rifle circuit as indicated at 116 in FIG. 2 such that the rifle held by the man hit is thereafter inoperative.
  • switch 96 is opened the SCR 94 is turned off and the alarm 92 is inactivated.
  • FIG. 3 is shown a schematic of a suitable amplifier 52 and diode detector 50 of'FIG. 2.
  • the avalanche photo diode is a high-impedance device with avalanche gain.
  • the avalanche detector is a current source.
  • the detector 50 output goes to a low-noise high-speed transimpedance amplifier 52 designed for current sources.
  • the amplifier 52 provides an output voltage which is linearly proportional to the detectors input current.
  • a suitable timer is the Signetics 555 1C Timer, and a suitable circuit for connecting the same to the LED is shown in detail in FIG. 5, including suitable element values.
  • a weapon fire kill simulator system comprising:
  • a. laser transmitter means for producing a narrow fire beam and a wide angle kill beam
  • a weapon having a trigger switch and means for mounting all said above mentioned means integral with said weapon and in position to direct said laser means and said hit detector-actuator means in the direction in which said weapon is aimed,
  • a man target carrying equipment including apparel or patches of retroreflective material, a 360 kill beam detector-actuator means and an alarm systern actuated from said kill detector-actuator means upon energization of the latter,
  • said laser means being connected for producing said fire beam when said trigger switch is closed to direct said fire beam to said target and a retroreflected fire beam from said apparel to said hit de- 'tector-actuator means,
  • said hit detector-actuator means being connected to actuate said laser means to produce said wide angle kill beam to actuate said kill detectoractuator and hence said alarm system.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 including a. hit indicator means fixed to said weapon and con nccted to respond to actuation of said hit receiveractuator to indicate a hit to a trainee firing said weapon. 7
  • a. said hit indicator means includes a light emitting diode counter and a light emitting diode visible lamp. both fixed to said weapon.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 including a. AND gate means, b. range gate means comprising a timing pulse source connected to provide an initiating actuating pulse to said laser transmitter means responsive to actuation of said trigger pulse and an additional pulse of selected time length commensurate with the range of said weapon and provided as an enabling input to said AND gate to exclude from said hit indicator means any hit signal whose propagation time delay is greater than the time of laser pulse return from maximum target range of the weapon being simulated.
  • said hit receiver-actuator including a voltage comparator with adjustable reference voltage input to selectively adjust the sensitivity of said hit receiveractuator to amplify only target hit signals and exclude noise level signals up to the strength of a target hit signal.
  • said hit receiver-actuator including an avalanche type detector and amplifying means connected to provide a hit signal input to said voltage comparator.
  • Apparatus according to claim 6 including a. AND gate means, b. range gate means comprising a timing pulse source 8.
  • said laser transmitter means being a single laser of dual mode capability for producing said'hit and kill beams.

Abstract

A weapon direct fire kill simulator system in which a laser transmitter means of dual mode, narrow and broad beam projection, capability, a hit receiver-actuator means and hit indication means all fixed to a weapon to be simulated and having a trigger switch are combined with a man target means having retroreflective apparel or patches to reflect the narrow fire beam back to the hit receiver-actuator and combined also with a 360* kill detector-actuator means to receive the kill beam to actuate a kill indicator alarm also made a part of the man target wearing apparel. The invention also contemplates a timing means and adjustable range gate means to disable the system when the target is beyond the simulated weapon''s range, comparator means to eliminate noise signals below the value of the hit indicator signals, and disabling means to inactivate a man target once hit. In composite, the system provides immediate hit indication to the trainee and kill indication to the man target while also correcting for weapon characteristics.

Description

it tates atent [191 Marshall Aug. 12, 1975 LASER SYSTEM FOR WEAPON FIRE SIMULATION [75] Inventor: Albert H. Marshall, Maitland, Fla.
[73] Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy, Washington, DC.
[22] Filed: June 24, 1974 [2!] Appl. No.: 482,544
52 us. 01. ..35/2s;273/101.1 51 Int. Cl. F4lg 3/26 581 Field of Search 35/25; 273/101.1
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,657,826 4/1972 Marshall et al. 35/25 3,847,396 ll/l974 Ashford 35/25 X Primary Examiner-Robert W. Michell Assistant E.\'aminer.lohn H. Wolff Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Richard S. Sciascia; John W. Pease [57 l ABSTRACT A weapon direct fire kill simulator system in which a laser transmitter means of dual mode, narrow and broad beam projection, capability, a hit receiveractuator means and hit indication means all fixed to a weapon to be simulated and having a trigger switch are combined with a man target means having retroreflective apparel or patches to reflect the narrow fire beam back to the hit receiver-actuator and combined also with a 360 kill detector-actuator means to receive the kili beam to actuate a kill indicator alarm also made a part of the man target wearing apparel.
The invention also contemplates a timing means and adjustable range gate means to disable the system when the target is beyond the simulated weapons range, comparator means to eliminate noise signals below the value of the hit indicator signals, and disabling means to inactivate a man target once hit.
In composite, the system provides immediate hit indication to the,.trainee and kill indication to the man target while also correcting for weapon characteristics.
9 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures PATENTED 2W5 3, 898.7 37
sum 1 FIG PATENTEB AUG 1 2 i975 SHEET h v 21 I QPATENTEI] AUG 1 2 I975 qQN umm I it ERE$$ kmm SSE Rhos:
LASER SYSTEM FOR WEAPON FIRE SIMULATION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the field of education and training in direct fire weapons and to the field of simulation relating to a man vs man combat system.
In order that military combat practices in the field of direct fire weaponry may be carried out in a realistic, yet economical fashion, such as to provide effective training comparable to the use of operational equipment and live round ammunition, past efforts have been directed to various forms of simulation equipment of substantial weight, bulk and complexity. Thus, in the past radiation transmitters have been employed for emitting a narrow beam of optical radiation, the transmitter being mounted to be aimed with the weapon simulated and combined with detector means oriented to a target screen and hit or miss indicator means in the form of audio or visual signal means. In man-to-man combat simulation systems of this type the man must be covered with numerous detectors which are easily destroyed or interfered with on military maneuvers. Also a radio pack is required to transmit kill data to the trainee firing his weapon. The use of a woven vest of optic fibers to reduce the number of detectors has been tried with lack of success because the vest becomes fragile and presents a more stringent signal-to-noise problem. A basic system of laser beam transmitter and man target apparel of retroreflective material provides only an indication of kill to the trainee firing the weapon but provides no kill data or indication to the man target and no disablement of the man target.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention comprises an arrangement of a dual mode laser transmitter and a receiver, together with hit indicator means in integral relationship with a weapon to be simulated having switch means for operating the transmitter in hit mode beam when the trigger switch is actuated. The invention comprises in association therewith a man target (simulating man to man engagement) wherein the man target is provided with apparel or patches of retroreflector material to reflect the fire beam to the receiver-actuator and thereby actuate the transmitter to the second or broad beam kill mode. The broad beam is received by kill receiver-actuator (detector) means on the helmet of the man target to actuate an alarm system which can only be shut off by turning a key in a circuit which eliminates the man target from further competition.
The invention also contemplates range gate means for inactivating the laser transmitter when the target is beyond the weapon range, and voltage comparator means for eliminating noise signals of a level below the hit signal level.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a schematic functional presentation of a man-to-man wepon fire kill simulator system incorporating the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of circuit details of the system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a suitable amplifier and avalanche detector employed in the system of FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 4 shows a suitable circuit for the kill detector, alarm system and key interlock employed to indicate a kill; and 4 FIG. 5 is a schematic of a suitable integrated circuit timer and light emitting diode used in the circuit of FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown two fighting men, trainees, equipped with a weapon fire simulator system incorporating the invention. The trainees and 12 are identically equipped and for convenience in reference, identical equipment will be given the same numerical identification for each item of equipment. Thus, trainees l0 and 12 are provided with helmets 14 having 360 kill receiver-actuators 16 for laser beams, alarm means 18, jackets 20 of retroreflective material and a laser type weapon simulator 22 having a trigger 24, a fire beam (narrow beam) laser 26, kill beam (wide angle) laser 28, hit receiver-actuator 30, hit indicator 32, power source means 34, and comparator and gating circuit means 36 to exclude noise signals and input signals beyond the intended range of the weapon.
Also shown in FIG. 1 are the several rays which result from the firing and hitting of a man target. Thus, actuation of the trigger 24 energizes the fire beam laser 26 which produces a narrow fire beam 38 which upon striking the retroreflective jacket 20 of the target man is retroreflected (beam 40) to actuate the hit receiveractuator 30. Receiver-actuator 30 then actuates the hit indicator 32 to give an immediate hit indication to the trainee firing the weapon but also activates the kill .beam laser 28 which produces a broad angle kill beam 42. The latter actuates the 360 kill receiver-actuator 16 on the helmet 14 of the man target which in turn activates an alarm means 18 on the man target indicating to him that he is out of action.
Considering now details of circuitry suitable to implement the functions described above, reference is made initially to FIG. 2. The rifle trigger switch 24 when closed activates a laser pulser and gallium arsenide laser diode 27 which together with collimating lens 23 constitute the fire beam laser 26 of FIG. 1. Squeezing the trigger switch 24 thus initiates the firing of the narrow fire beam 38 at the mantarget 12. If the narrow fire beam pulse 38 strikes the retroreflective target 12, it is reflected back to the hit receiveractuator which comprises an interference filter 44, collecting lens 46, avalanche photo diode 50, transimpedance amplifier 52 and an RC filter-comparator circuit, indicated generally at 54. The retroreflected fire pulse 40 is filtered, collected and focused on the avalanche photo diode via the filter 44 and the collecting lens 46, the photo diode 50 being a high gain detector and the output thereof is amplified by the transimpedance amplifier 52. To prevent noise signals from affecting hit indication and count, the output of the amplifier 52 is threshold detected by a voltage comparator circuit 54. Comparator circuit 54 includes an adjustable reference voltage source provided from reference voltage V and potentiometers 56 and 58 connected to ground as indicated. An RC circuit including capacitor 60 and resistor 62 is provided to couple the amplifier 52 to comparator 54.
When the output from the amplifier 52 exceeds the set reference voltage, thus eliminating noise signals up to that set level, the voltage comparator 54 generates a logical one signal pulse which is passed via line 64 as one input to an AND gate 66 which forms part of the gating circuit means 36. The other portion of the gating circuit means 36 includes a current transformer 68 and one shot range gate (multivibrator) 70. The current pulse from the laser pulser is sensed by the current transformer 68 which triggers the one shot multivibra' tor range gate 70 which in turn provides a logical one input as a second input to the AND gate 66 for a time duration equivalent to the weapons maximum range. That is, the range gate multivibrator holds the AND gate in potential conducting condition for a time period up to that time which would match the ballistic flight time at maximum range.
In end result then, if the ones from reflected target pulse and range gate current transformer pulse are present simultaneously at the two inputs to AND gate 66, the AND gate 66 generates a one at its output.
This AND gate signal triggers three actions. First, the rifle as indicated in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 2 is provided with a lamp, actually a light emitting diode (LED) 32, and the output signal from gate 66 activates a timer 72 which activates the LED hit indicator 32 on the rifle sight. Secondly, the rifle is, in a preferred embodiment, provided with a hit counter 76 which can be built into the rifle stock and which provides a record of target hits. Thirdly, the output signal from the AND gate 66 triggers the kill beam (broad beam) laser 28. Laser 28 comprises a laser pulser 78, gallium arsenide diode 80 and collimating lens 82, and produces the diverging broad angle kill beam 42 which in turn actuates the 360 kill receiver-actuator 16 (FIG. 1) on the helment 14 of the man target 12 and turns on the hit alarm 18 indicating to the man target and to referees that the man is out of action.
The kill receiveractuator 16 may comprise four photodiode detectors located on four sides ofa rectangular box type holder in turn mounted on the helmet 14 as shown in FIG. 1. The number of detectors on the helmet can be reduced from four ifa prism or optical fiber means are utilized.
One suitable receiver and alarm circuit for the helmet receiver equipment is shown in FIG. 4. The circuit comprises a photo diode 84 coupled to a comparator circuit 86 via an operational amplifier 88 operating in the current to voltage amplifier mode and a voltage gain amplifier 90. The remainder of the circuit comprises an alarm, which could be a horn 92 operated through a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) 94 which is actuated to on condition responsive to the output signal of the voltage comparator 86 and to of condition by operating a key switch indicated at 96.
When the kill beam laser pulse 42 (FIG. 4) is received by the diode 84 the amplifier 88 is actuated via the capacitor coupling 98. The output of the amplifier 88 acting as a current to voltage converter is inverted and further amplifier in the series connected second operational amplifier 90. Capacitor coupling 91 is provided to ac (alternating current) couple the two amplifiers. Capacitor 89 connected to ground indicated provides a noise filter and the ratio of resistance values of feedback resistor 95 and series resistor 93 determines the voltage gain. The high speed voltage comparator 86, responsive to an input from amplifier 90 on input line 100, produces a high output voltage when the input voltage exceeds the reference voltage (indicated). The
reference voltage is set just above noise level by a potentiometer 102 in the referencelevel circuit. The high voltage output when produced by the comparator 86 is passed via diode 104 and lines 106, 108, and 112 to the base 93 of SCR 94 to trigger the latter to on condition. The voltage drop across resistor 114 actuates the hit alarm 92 which could be an audio or visual alarm. A key is required to operate the switch 96 to shut the alarm off. It is contemplated that this key will be a key removable from the rifle circuit as indicated at 116 in FIG. 2 such that the rifle held by the man hit is thereafter inoperative. When switch 96 is opened the SCR 94 is turned off and the alarm 92 is inactivated.
In FIG. 3 is shown a schematic of a suitable amplifier 52 and diode detector 50 of'FIG. 2. The avalanche photo diode is a high-impedance device with avalanche gain. The avalanche detector is a current source. The detector 50 output goes to a low-noise high-speed transimpedance amplifier 52 designed for current sources. The amplifier 52 provides an output voltage which is linearly proportional to the detectors input current.
In reference to the timer 72 and LED 32 shown in FIG. 2, a suitable timer is the Signetics 555 1C Timer, and a suitable circuit for connecting the same to the LED is shown in detail in FIG. 5, including suitable element values.
In the FIGS. 2 through 5, specific values of suitable elements are provided.
It will be understood that various changes in the details, values and arrangement of parts, which have been herein described and illustrated in order to explain the nature of the invention, may be made by those skilled in the art wihin the principle and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A weapon fire kill simulator system comprising:
a. laser transmitter means for producing a narrow fire beam and a wide angle kill beam,
b. laser power source means and hit detectoractuator means,
c. a weapon having a trigger switch and means for mounting all said above mentioned means integral with said weapon and in position to direct said laser means and said hit detector-actuator means in the direction in which said weapon is aimed,
. a man target carrying equipment including apparel or patches of retroreflective material, a 360 kill beam detector-actuator means and an alarm systern actuated from said kill detector-actuator means upon energization of the latter,
e. said laser means being connected for producing said fire beam when said trigger switch is closed to direct said fire beam to said target and a retroreflected fire beam from said apparel to said hit de- 'tector-actuator means,
f. said hit detector-actuator means being connected to actuate said laser means to produce said wide angle kill beam to actuate said kill detectoractuator and hence said alarm system.
. Apparatus according to claim 1, including a. hit indicator means fixed to said weapon and con nccted to respond to actuation of said hit receiveractuator to indicate a hit to a trainee firing said weapon. 7
3. Apparatus according to claim 2, in which a. said hit indicator means includes a light emitting diode counter and a light emitting diode visible lamp. both fixed to said weapon.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1, including a. AND gate means, b. range gate means comprising a timing pulse source connected to provide an initiating actuating pulse to said laser transmitter means responsive to actuation of said trigger pulse and an additional pulse of selected time length commensurate with the range of said weapon and provided as an enabling input to said AND gate to exclude from said hit indicator means any hit signal whose propagation time delay is greater than the time of laser pulse return from maximum target range of the weapon being simulated.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1, a. said hit receiver-actuator including a voltage comparator with adjustable reference voltage input to selectively adjust the sensitivity of said hit receiveractuator to amplify only target hit signals and exclude noise level signals up to the strength of a target hit signal.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5, a. said hit receiver-actuator including an avalanche type detector and amplifying means connected to provide a hit signal input to said voltage comparator.
7. Apparatus according to claim 6, including a. AND gate means, b. range gate means comprising a timing pulse source 8. Apparatus according to claim 1, a. said laser transmitter means being two laser transmitters respectively for said hit and kill beams.
9. Apparatus according to claim 1, a. said laser transmitter means being a single laser of dual mode capability for producing said'hit and kill beams.

Claims (9)

1. A weapon fire kill simulator system comprising: a. laser transmitter means for producing a narrow fire beam and a wide angle kill beam, b. laser power source means and hit detector-actuator means, c. a weapon having a trigger switch and means for mounting all said above mentioned means integral with said weapon and in position to direct said laser means and said hit detectoractuator means in the direction in which said weapon is aimed, d. a man target carrying equipment including apparel or patches of retroreflective material, a 360* kill beam detector-actuator means and an alarm system actuated from said kill detectoractuator means upon energization of the latter, e. said laser means being connected for producing said fire beam when said trigger switch is closed to direct said fire beam to said target and a retroreflected fire beam from said apparel to said hit detector-actuator means, f. said hit detector-actuator means being connected to actuate said laser means to produce said wide angle kill beam to actuate said kill detector-actuator and hence said alarm system.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, including a. hit indicator means fixed to said weapon and connected to respond to actuation of said hit receiver-actuator to indicate a hit to a trainee firing said weapon.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2, in which a. said hit indicator means includes a light emitting diode counter and a light emitting diode visible lamp, both fixed to said weapon.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1, including a. AND gate means, b. range gate means comprising a timing pulse source connected to provide an initiating actuating pulse to said laser transmitter means responsive to actuation of said trigger pulse and an additional pulse of selected time length commensurate with the range of said weapon and provided as an enabling input to said AND gate to exclude from said hit indicator means any hit signal whose propagation time delay is greater than the time of laser pulse return from maximum target range of the weapon being simulated.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1, a. said hit receiver-actuator including a voltage comparator with adjustable reference voltage input to selectively adjust the sensitivity of said hit receiver-actuator to amplify only target hit signals and exclude noise level signals up to the strength of a target hit signal.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5, a. said hit receiver-actuator including an avalanche Type detector and amplifying means connected to provide a hit signal input to said voltage comparator.
7. Apparatus according to claim 6, including a. AND gate means, b. range gate means comprising a timing pulse source connected to provide an initiating actuating pulse to said laser transmitter means responsive to actuation of said trigger pulse and an additional pulse of selected time length commensurate with the range of said weapon and provided as an enabling input to said AND gate to exclude from said hit indicator means any hit signal whose propagation time delay is greater than the time of laser pulse return from maximum target range of the weapon being simulated.
8. Apparatus according to claim 1, a. said laser transmitter means being two laser transmitters respectively for said hit and kill beams.
9. Apparatus according to claim 1, a. said laser transmitter means being a single laser of dual mode capability for producing said hit and kill beams.
US482544A 1974-06-24 1974-06-24 Laser system for weapon fire simulation Expired - Lifetime US3898747A (en)

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US4086711A (en) * 1977-02-14 1978-05-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Laser hit indicator using reflective materials
US4102059A (en) * 1975-04-03 1978-07-25 Cerheronics Inc. Small arms laser training device
US4102532A (en) * 1976-11-04 1978-07-25 Atari, Inc. Game method and apparatus for sensing the position of an object with respect to its receptacle
US4145111A (en) * 1976-10-04 1979-03-20 Saab-Scania Aktiebolag Laser beam reflector assembly adapted for external attachment to target aircraft
US4177580A (en) * 1978-01-23 1979-12-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Laser marksmanship target
US4313273A (en) * 1979-04-25 1982-02-02 Laser Products Corporation Firearms and laser beam aim assisting methods and apparatus
US4313272A (en) * 1979-04-25 1982-02-02 Laser Products Corporation Laser beam firearm aim assisting methods and apparatus
US4363484A (en) * 1980-11-19 1982-12-14 Marvin Glass & Associates Electronic table tennis game apparatus
US4403777A (en) * 1981-01-08 1983-09-13 Mattel, Inc. Electronic game using phototransducer
FR2533308A1 (en) * 1982-09-21 1984-03-23 Precitronic SYSTEM FOR THE SIMULATION OF SHOOTING FIGHTS
US4479266A (en) * 1981-08-12 1984-10-23 Thomson-Csf Multiple-threshold optical receiver for a variable-rate digital data transmission system
FR2545204A1 (en) * 1983-04-26 1984-11-02 Aubourg Philippe Self-contained garment associated with a laser system for designating a person
US4482326A (en) * 1982-01-26 1984-11-13 Instrument Flight Research Inc. Flight training glasses
US4487583A (en) * 1981-06-15 1984-12-11 Jaycor Receiver garment for weapons engagement simulation system
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JPS60246778A (en) * 1984-01-31 1985-12-06 フォトンシステムネットワーク株式会社 Projection game apparatus
GB2162930A (en) * 1984-08-10 1986-02-12 Laser Sporting Products Limite Reflective device to be used on the target in a simulated shooting exercise
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US4777754A (en) * 1986-12-12 1988-10-18 Laser Products Corporation Light beam assisted aiming of firearms
US4856218A (en) * 1986-12-12 1989-08-15 Laser Products Corporation Light beam assisted aiming of firearms
US4876816A (en) * 1988-11-18 1989-10-31 Triplett Melvin W Target illuminating aiming system
US5034747A (en) * 1989-04-10 1991-07-23 Donahue Christopher A Detachable radar unit for a helmet
US5044107A (en) * 1990-08-23 1991-09-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Talking rifle
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US5119576A (en) * 1989-06-06 1992-06-09 Torsten Erning Firearm with separable radiation emitting attachment
US5375847A (en) * 1993-10-01 1994-12-27 The Fromm Group Inc. Toy assembly
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US5808226A (en) * 1995-12-18 1998-09-15 United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Grenade shell laser system
US5842300A (en) * 1996-09-09 1998-12-01 Fss, Inc. Retrofittable laser and recoil system for a firearm
US5904621A (en) * 1997-06-25 1999-05-18 Tiger Electronics, Ltd. Electronic game with infrared emitter and sensor
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US6248019B1 (en) * 1998-05-21 2001-06-19 Cormorant Properties Limited Amusement apparatus for a shooting game with successive potential scoring emissions
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US6574901B1 (en) 1998-07-02 2003-06-10 Insight Technology Incorporated Auxiliary device for a weapon and attachment thereof
US20030125110A1 (en) * 2001-12-27 2003-07-03 Lalley Timothy J. Games utilizing electronic display strips and methods of making display strips
US20030133092A1 (en) * 2001-04-13 2003-07-17 Rogers Philip L. Multi-function optical system and assembly
US6614510B1 (en) * 2000-04-14 2003-09-02 Optical Air Data Systems L.P. Multi-function optical system
US6682350B2 (en) * 2001-06-02 2004-01-27 Hermann Kehl Laser pistol and method or system for retrofitting sharpshooting pistols
US20040219491A1 (en) * 2001-06-06 2004-11-04 Lev Shlomo Combat simulation system and method
US20040231220A1 (en) * 2003-05-23 2004-11-25 Mccormick Patrick Trajectory compensating riflescope
US6887079B1 (en) * 1999-03-10 2005-05-03 Saab Training Systems Ab Firing simulator
US20050217162A1 (en) * 2004-04-06 2005-10-06 Surefire, Llc, A California Limited Liability Company Accessory devices for firearms
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US20060287114A1 (en) * 2005-06-03 2006-12-21 Binh Luong Electronic tag game
US20060287113A1 (en) * 2005-05-19 2006-12-21 Small David B Lazer tag advanced
US20070020585A1 (en) * 2004-09-07 2007-01-25 Ulf Bjorkman Simulation system
WO2008074082A1 (en) * 2006-12-21 2008-06-26 Pathfinder Events Pty Ltd Live combat simulation
US20080188314A1 (en) * 2007-01-04 2008-08-07 Brian Rosenblum Toy laser gun and laser target system
US7591098B2 (en) 2004-04-06 2009-09-22 Surefire, Llc Accessory devices for firearms
US20100093414A1 (en) * 2008-10-15 2010-04-15 Rick Jensen Combat Simulation Gaming System
US20120001734A1 (en) * 2010-07-01 2012-01-05 Analysis First LLC Led based identification and communication systems
US20120094256A1 (en) * 2010-10-18 2012-04-19 Lockheed Martin Corporation System and method to detect target hits
EP2462823A3 (en) * 2010-12-10 2012-08-15 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH Safety equipment for security personnel
US20120300803A1 (en) * 2011-05-23 2012-11-29 Kangas Miikka M Handheld laser small arm
US20140193779A1 (en) * 2010-01-19 2014-07-10 Oren Louis Ohr Dry fire training device
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US9033710B2 (en) * 2012-12-31 2015-05-19 Stress Vest Inc Target device for determining received hits in a light based weapons simulation system
GB2524137A (en) * 2014-05-27 2015-09-16 Throwback Ltd Apparatus for playing a game
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Cited By (94)

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US4102059A (en) * 1975-04-03 1978-07-25 Cerheronics Inc. Small arms laser training device
US4145111A (en) * 1976-10-04 1979-03-20 Saab-Scania Aktiebolag Laser beam reflector assembly adapted for external attachment to target aircraft
US4102532A (en) * 1976-11-04 1978-07-25 Atari, Inc. Game method and apparatus for sensing the position of an object with respect to its receptacle
US4086711A (en) * 1977-02-14 1978-05-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Laser hit indicator using reflective materials
US4177580A (en) * 1978-01-23 1979-12-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Laser marksmanship target
US4313273A (en) * 1979-04-25 1982-02-02 Laser Products Corporation Firearms and laser beam aim assisting methods and apparatus
US4313272A (en) * 1979-04-25 1982-02-02 Laser Products Corporation Laser beam firearm aim assisting methods and apparatus
US4363484A (en) * 1980-11-19 1982-12-14 Marvin Glass & Associates Electronic table tennis game apparatus
US4403777A (en) * 1981-01-08 1983-09-13 Mattel, Inc. Electronic game using phototransducer
US4487583A (en) * 1981-06-15 1984-12-11 Jaycor Receiver garment for weapons engagement simulation system
US4479266A (en) * 1981-08-12 1984-10-23 Thomson-Csf Multiple-threshold optical receiver for a variable-rate digital data transmission system
US4482326A (en) * 1982-01-26 1984-11-13 Instrument Flight Research Inc. Flight training glasses
GB2130692A (en) * 1982-09-21 1984-06-06 Precitronic Device for simulating combat
US4561849A (en) * 1982-09-21 1985-12-31 Precitronic Gesellschaft Fur Feinmechanik Und Electronic Mbh Device for simulating combat firing between combat participants
FR2533308A1 (en) * 1982-09-21 1984-03-23 Precitronic SYSTEM FOR THE SIMULATION OF SHOOTING FIGHTS
US4545583A (en) * 1982-12-23 1985-10-08 Showdown Electronics, Inc. Electronic gun and target apparatus and method
FR2545204A1 (en) * 1983-04-26 1984-11-02 Aubourg Philippe Self-contained garment associated with a laser system for designating a person
JPS60246778A (en) * 1984-01-31 1985-12-06 フォトンシステムネットワーク株式会社 Projection game apparatus
US4695058A (en) * 1984-01-31 1987-09-22 Photon Marketing Limited Simulated shooting game with continuous transmission of target identification signals
JPH0352754B2 (en) * 1984-01-31 1991-08-12 Fuoton Shisutemu Netsutowaaku Kk
GB2162930A (en) * 1984-08-10 1986-02-12 Laser Sporting Products Limite Reflective device to be used on the target in a simulated shooting exercise
EP0232157A3 (en) * 1986-02-07 1989-01-25 Worlds Of Wonder, Inc. Target game
EP0232157A2 (en) * 1986-02-07 1987-08-12 Worlds Of Wonder, Inc. Target game
US4777754A (en) * 1986-12-12 1988-10-18 Laser Products Corporation Light beam assisted aiming of firearms
US4856218A (en) * 1986-12-12 1989-08-15 Laser Products Corporation Light beam assisted aiming of firearms
GB2200732B (en) * 1987-02-05 1990-02-28 Tomy Kogyo Co Improvements in or relating to target assemblies for use in shooting games.
GB2200732A (en) * 1987-02-05 1988-08-10 Tomy Kogyo Co Shooting game apparatus
US4876816A (en) * 1988-11-18 1989-10-31 Triplett Melvin W Target illuminating aiming system
US5034747A (en) * 1989-04-10 1991-07-23 Donahue Christopher A Detachable radar unit for a helmet
US5119576A (en) * 1989-06-06 1992-06-09 Torsten Erning Firearm with separable radiation emitting attachment
FR2659136A1 (en) * 1990-03-02 1991-09-06 Allis Firing system which can be used equally well for marksman training and for combat simulation
US5044107A (en) * 1990-08-23 1991-09-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Talking rifle
US5375847A (en) * 1993-10-01 1994-12-27 The Fromm Group Inc. Toy assembly
US5808226A (en) * 1995-12-18 1998-09-15 United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Grenade shell laser system
FR2749380A1 (en) * 1996-05-28 1997-12-05 Univ Rennes SHOOTING LEARNING SYSTEM, RIFLE EQUIPMENT, CORRESPONDING TARGET AND METHOD
WO1997045692A1 (en) * 1996-05-28 1997-12-04 Universite De Rennes 1 Shooting practice system, gun equipment, corresponding target and method
US5842300A (en) * 1996-09-09 1998-12-01 Fss, Inc. Retrofittable laser and recoil system for a firearm
US5904621A (en) * 1997-06-25 1999-05-18 Tiger Electronics, Ltd. Electronic game with infrared emitter and sensor
US6248019B1 (en) * 1998-05-21 2001-06-19 Cormorant Properties Limited Amusement apparatus for a shooting game with successive potential scoring emissions
US6574901B1 (en) 1998-07-02 2003-06-10 Insight Technology Incorporated Auxiliary device for a weapon and attachment thereof
USD433074S (en) * 1998-12-21 2000-10-31 Radica China, Ltd. Hand held electronic game
US6887079B1 (en) * 1999-03-10 2005-05-03 Saab Training Systems Ab Firing simulator
US6614510B1 (en) * 2000-04-14 2003-09-02 Optical Air Data Systems L.P. Multi-function optical system
KR20010067480A (en) * 2001-01-05 2001-07-13 김양식 Battle training simulator
US7505119B2 (en) * 2001-04-13 2009-03-17 Optical Air Data Systems, Llc Multi-function optical system and assembly
US20030133092A1 (en) * 2001-04-13 2003-07-17 Rogers Philip L. Multi-function optical system and assembly
US6682350B2 (en) * 2001-06-02 2004-01-27 Hermann Kehl Laser pistol and method or system for retrofitting sharpshooting pistols
US20040219491A1 (en) * 2001-06-06 2004-11-04 Lev Shlomo Combat simulation system and method
US20030125110A1 (en) * 2001-12-27 2003-07-03 Lalley Timothy J. Games utilizing electronic display strips and methods of making display strips
US20040231220A1 (en) * 2003-05-23 2004-11-25 Mccormick Patrick Trajectory compensating riflescope
US20050217162A1 (en) * 2004-04-06 2005-10-06 Surefire, Llc, A California Limited Liability Company Accessory devices for firearms
US7117624B2 (en) 2004-04-06 2006-10-10 Surefire, Llc Accessory devices for firearms
US7310903B2 (en) 2004-04-06 2007-12-25 Surefire, Llc Accessory devices for firearms
US7325352B2 (en) 2004-04-06 2008-02-05 Surefire, Llc Accessory devices for firearms
US7360333B2 (en) 2004-04-06 2008-04-22 Surefire, Llc Accessory devices for firearms
US7591098B2 (en) 2004-04-06 2009-09-22 Surefire, Llc Accessory devices for firearms
US9057582B2 (en) * 2004-09-07 2015-06-16 Saab Ab Simulation system
US20070020585A1 (en) * 2004-09-07 2007-01-25 Ulf Bjorkman Simulation system
US7846028B2 (en) 2005-05-19 2010-12-07 Shoot The Moon Products Ii, Llc Lazer tag advanced
US20060287113A1 (en) * 2005-05-19 2006-12-21 Small David B Lazer tag advanced
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US8721460B2 (en) 2007-01-04 2014-05-13 Jakks Pacific, Inc. Toy laser gun and laser target system
US8366525B2 (en) 2008-10-15 2013-02-05 Rick Jensen Combat simulation gaming system
US20100093414A1 (en) * 2008-10-15 2010-04-15 Rick Jensen Combat Simulation Gaming System
US9011223B2 (en) 2008-10-15 2015-04-21 Universal Electronics, Inc. Combat simulation gaming system
US9163904B2 (en) * 2010-01-19 2015-10-20 Oren Louis Ohr Dry fire training device
US11415394B2 (en) * 2010-01-19 2022-08-16 Oren Louis Uhr Dry fire training device
US20140193779A1 (en) * 2010-01-19 2014-07-10 Oren Louis Ohr Dry fire training device
US11680775B2 (en) 2010-01-19 2023-06-20 Oren Louis Uhr Dry fire training device
US11906270B2 (en) 2010-01-19 2024-02-20 Oren Louis Uhr Dry fire training device
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US20120001734A1 (en) * 2010-07-01 2012-01-05 Analysis First LLC Led based identification and communication systems
US8971713B2 (en) 2010-07-01 2015-03-03 Analysis First LLC Identification and communication systems
US20120094256A1 (en) * 2010-10-18 2012-04-19 Lockheed Martin Corporation System and method to detect target hits
US8562351B2 (en) * 2010-10-18 2013-10-22 Lockheed Martin Corporation System and method to detect target hits
EP2462823A3 (en) * 2010-12-10 2012-08-15 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH Safety equipment for security personnel
US20120300803A1 (en) * 2011-05-23 2012-11-29 Kangas Miikka M Handheld laser small arm
US9170075B2 (en) * 2011-05-23 2015-10-27 Miikka M. Kangas Handheld laser small arm
US20140298705A1 (en) * 2012-11-02 2014-10-09 Jack Hancosky Method and system for aligning a point of aim with a point of impact for a projectile device
US9470479B2 (en) * 2012-11-02 2016-10-18 Umarex Usa, Inc. Method and system for aligning a point of aim with a point of impact for a projectile device
US9033710B2 (en) * 2012-12-31 2015-05-19 Stress Vest Inc Target device for determining received hits in a light based weapons simulation system
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