US3825493A - Peritoneal artificial kidney - Google Patents
Peritoneal artificial kidney Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3825493A US3825493A US00293474A US29347472A US3825493A US 3825493 A US3825493 A US 3825493A US 00293474 A US00293474 A US 00293474A US 29347472 A US29347472 A US 29347472A US 3825493 A US3825493 A US 3825493A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- peritoneal
- fluid
- cavity
- blood
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/28—Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1694—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes with recirculating dialysing liquid
- A61M1/1696—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes with recirculating dialysing liquid with dialysate regeneration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/28—Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
- A61M1/281—Instillation other than by gravity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/28—Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
- A61M1/282—Operational modes
- A61M1/284—Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis [CFPD]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/24—Dialysis ; Membrane extraction
- B01D61/243—Dialysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/24—Dialysis ; Membrane extraction
- B01D61/28—Apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2209/00—Ancillary equipment
- A61M2209/08—Supports for equipment
- A61M2209/088—Supports for equipment on the body
Abstract
PASSED OF PURE WATER WHILE REJECTING THE METABOLITES. THE FILTERED PERITONEAL FLUID IS THEN RECONSTITUTED WITH A CONTROLLED MAKE-UP SOLUTION FOR RECYCLE TO THE PERITONEAL CAVITY AND THE REJECTED RESIDUE IS DISCHARGED AS WASTE.
Description
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00161864A US3799873A (en) | 1968-04-19 | 1971-07-09 | Artificial kidney |
US00293474A US3825493A (en) | 1972-09-29 | 1972-09-29 | Peritoneal artificial kidney |
DE2321188A DE2321188A1 (en) | 1972-09-29 | 1973-04-26 | PERITONEAL ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY |
DE2321168A DE2321168A1 (en) | 1972-09-29 | 1973-04-26 | DEVICE FOR SEPARATING TOXIC SUBSTANCES FROM BODY FLUIDS, IN PARTICULAR FOR USE AS ARTIFICIAL KIDNEY |
GB229874A GB1455772A (en) | 1972-09-29 | 1974-01-17 | Artificial kidneys |
FR7401730A FR2258189B1 (en) | 1972-09-29 | 1974-01-18 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00293474A US3825493A (en) | 1972-09-29 | 1972-09-29 | Peritoneal artificial kidney |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3825493A true US3825493A (en) | 1974-07-23 |
Family
ID=23129236
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00293474A Expired - Lifetime US3825493A (en) | 1968-04-19 | 1972-09-29 | Peritoneal artificial kidney |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3825493A (en) |
DE (2) | DE2321188A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2258189B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1455772A (en) |
Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2903894A1 (en) * | 1978-02-01 | 1979-08-02 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | BLOOD DIALYSIS METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD USING STABILIZED LIQUID MEMBRANE CAPSULES |
US4190047A (en) * | 1977-08-26 | 1980-02-26 | University Of Utah | Method and apparatus for peritoneal dialysis |
US4204957A (en) * | 1975-11-21 | 1980-05-27 | Sartorius Membranfilter Gmbh | Artificial kidney |
US4233434A (en) * | 1975-01-27 | 1980-11-11 | Ramot Plastics | Polyamide from aromatic phosphorus containing diamine |
US4244816A (en) * | 1979-01-22 | 1981-01-13 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Liquid membrane capsule systems resistant to coalescence by means of an irreversible coating |
US4276175A (en) * | 1979-07-19 | 1981-06-30 | Bower John D | Regeneratable peritoneal dialysis bag |
US4311587A (en) * | 1979-12-10 | 1982-01-19 | Japan Foundation For Artificial Organs | Filter arrangement denying bacteria entry to peritoneum |
US4312755A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1982-01-26 | Dow Corning Corporation | Reverse osmosis system |
US4338190A (en) * | 1976-02-13 | 1982-07-06 | A. T. Ramot Plastics Ltd. | Peritoneal artificial kidney |
US4832684A (en) * | 1986-06-13 | 1989-05-23 | Popovich Robert P | Peritoneal membrane plasmapheresis |
DE19540079A1 (en) * | 1995-10-27 | 1997-04-30 | Joachim Dr Med Boehler | Dialysis device with haemodialyser |
US6527735B1 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2003-03-04 | Renaltech International Llc | Method of peritoneal dialysis |
US20040019320A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-01-29 | Childers Robert W. | Systems and metods for performing peritoneal dialysis |
US20040082903A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-04-29 | Micheli Brian R. | Systems and methods for peritoneal dialysis |
US6758975B2 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2004-07-06 | Piedmont Renal Clinic, Pa | Automated peritoneal dialysis system and process with in-line sterilization of dialysate |
EP1480690A2 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2004-12-01 | National Quality Care, Inc. | Wearable peritoneal dialysis system |
US7153286B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2006-12-26 | Baxter International Inc. | Automated dialysis system |
US20070213665A1 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2007-09-13 | Conor Curtin | Wearable kidney |
US20100010429A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2010-01-14 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for performing peritoneal dialysis |
US20100051552A1 (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-04 | Baxter International Inc. | In-line sensors for dialysis applications |
US20100114012A1 (en) * | 2008-11-03 | 2010-05-06 | Sandford Harold F | Portable Peritoneal Dialysis System |
US20110060273A1 (en) * | 2009-09-08 | 2011-03-10 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Peritoneal dialysis system |
US8206338B2 (en) | 2002-12-31 | 2012-06-26 | Baxter International Inc. | Pumping systems for cassette-based dialysis |
US9514283B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2016-12-06 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis system having inventory management including online dextrose mixing |
US9582645B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2017-02-28 | Baxter International Inc. | Networked dialysis system |
US9675745B2 (en) | 2003-11-05 | 2017-06-13 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis systems including therapy prescription entries |
US9675744B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2017-06-13 | Baxter International Inc. | Method of operating a disposable pumping unit |
US10232103B1 (en) | 2001-11-13 | 2019-03-19 | Baxter International Inc. | System, method, and composition for removing uremic toxins in dialysis processes |
US10646634B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2020-05-12 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis system and disposable set |
US11495334B2 (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2022-11-08 | Gambro Lundia Ab | Medical device system and method having a distributed database |
US11516183B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2022-11-29 | Gambro Lundia Ab | Medical device system including information technology infrastructure having secure cluster domain supporting external domain |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3020756A1 (en) * | 1980-05-31 | 1981-12-10 | Salvia Regel- Und Medizintechnik Gmbh, 6231 Schwalbach | Measuring fluid withdrawal rate in dialysis system - by aligning floats recording flow rates before and after membrane |
FR2502959A1 (en) * | 1981-04-03 | 1982-10-08 | Fournier Gilles | Haemodialysis appts. having large volumetric capacity - operates without need for regeneration system |
JPS58165865A (en) * | 1982-03-26 | 1983-09-30 | 川澄化学工業株式会社 | Body liquid treating apparatus |
EP0097863A3 (en) * | 1982-06-30 | 1984-04-18 | Gambro Lundia AB | Mixing fluids by means of semipermeable membranes |
DE8714464U1 (en) * | 1986-10-30 | 1988-01-21 | Sartorius Gmbh, 3400 Goettingen, De |
-
1972
- 1972-09-29 US US00293474A patent/US3825493A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1973
- 1973-04-26 DE DE2321188A patent/DE2321188A1/en active Pending
- 1973-04-26 DE DE2321168A patent/DE2321168A1/en active Pending
-
1974
- 1974-01-17 GB GB229874A patent/GB1455772A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-01-18 FR FR7401730A patent/FR2258189B1/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (64)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4392960A (en) * | 1975-01-27 | 1983-07-12 | A. T. Ramot Plastics, Ltd. | Process for the removal of urea from aqueous solutions |
US4233434A (en) * | 1975-01-27 | 1980-11-11 | Ramot Plastics | Polyamide from aromatic phosphorus containing diamine |
US4204957A (en) * | 1975-11-21 | 1980-05-27 | Sartorius Membranfilter Gmbh | Artificial kidney |
US4338190A (en) * | 1976-02-13 | 1982-07-06 | A. T. Ramot Plastics Ltd. | Peritoneal artificial kidney |
US4190047A (en) * | 1977-08-26 | 1980-02-26 | University Of Utah | Method and apparatus for peritoneal dialysis |
DE2903894A1 (en) * | 1978-02-01 | 1979-08-02 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | BLOOD DIALYSIS METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD USING STABILIZED LIQUID MEMBRANE CAPSULES |
US4244816A (en) * | 1979-01-22 | 1981-01-13 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Liquid membrane capsule systems resistant to coalescence by means of an irreversible coating |
US4312755A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1982-01-26 | Dow Corning Corporation | Reverse osmosis system |
US4276175A (en) * | 1979-07-19 | 1981-06-30 | Bower John D | Regeneratable peritoneal dialysis bag |
US4311587A (en) * | 1979-12-10 | 1982-01-19 | Japan Foundation For Artificial Organs | Filter arrangement denying bacteria entry to peritoneum |
US4832684A (en) * | 1986-06-13 | 1989-05-23 | Popovich Robert P | Peritoneal membrane plasmapheresis |
DE19540079A1 (en) * | 1995-10-27 | 1997-04-30 | Joachim Dr Med Boehler | Dialysis device with haemodialyser |
DE19540079C2 (en) * | 1995-10-27 | 2000-06-21 | Joachim Boehler | Dialysis machine |
US6527735B1 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2003-03-04 | Renaltech International Llc | Method of peritoneal dialysis |
US6758975B2 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2004-07-06 | Piedmont Renal Clinic, Pa | Automated peritoneal dialysis system and process with in-line sterilization of dialysate |
US10980931B2 (en) | 2001-11-13 | 2021-04-20 | Baxter International Inc. | System, method, and composition for removing uremic toxins in dialysis processes |
US10232103B1 (en) | 2001-11-13 | 2019-03-19 | Baxter International Inc. | System, method, and composition for removing uremic toxins in dialysis processes |
EP1480690A2 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2004-12-01 | National Quality Care, Inc. | Wearable peritoneal dialysis system |
EP1480690A4 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2010-09-29 | Nat Quality Care Inc | Wearable peritoneal dialysis system |
US9675744B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2017-06-13 | Baxter International Inc. | Method of operating a disposable pumping unit |
US10137235B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2018-11-27 | Baxter International Inc. | Automated peritoneal dialysis system using stepper motor |
US9775939B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2017-10-03 | Baxter International Inc. | Peritoneal dialysis systems and methods having graphical user interface |
US10751457B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2020-08-25 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems with disposable pumping unit |
US9504778B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2016-11-29 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis machine with electrical insulation for variable voltage input |
US8529496B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2013-09-10 | Baxter International Inc. | Peritoneal dialysis machine touch screen user interface |
US7789849B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2010-09-07 | Baxter International Inc. | Automated dialysis pumping system using stepper motor |
US7153286B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2006-12-26 | Baxter International Inc. | Automated dialysis system |
US7815595B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2010-10-19 | Baxter International Inc. | Automated dialysis pumping system |
US8403880B2 (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2013-03-26 | Baxter International Inc. | Peritoneal dialysis machine with variable voltage input control scheme |
US8357113B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2013-01-22 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for performing peritoneal dialysis |
US7208092B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2007-04-24 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for peritoneal dialysis |
US7922911B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2011-04-12 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for peritoneal dialysis |
US11235094B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2022-02-01 | Baxter International Inc. | System for peritoneal dialysis |
US20040019320A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-01-29 | Childers Robert W. | Systems and metods for performing peritoneal dialysis |
US7867214B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2011-01-11 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for performing peritoneal dialysis |
US20040082903A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-04-29 | Micheli Brian R. | Systems and methods for peritoneal dialysis |
US8597227B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2013-12-03 | Baxter International Inc. | Weight/sensor-controlled sorbent system for hemodialysis |
US10363352B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2019-07-30 | Baxter International Inc. | Disposable set and system for dialysis |
US7922686B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2011-04-12 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for performing peritoneal dialysis |
US8815095B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2014-08-26 | Baxter International Inc. | Peritoneal dialysis systems and methods that regenerate dialysate |
US8998839B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2015-04-07 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for performing peritoneal dialysis |
US10179200B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2019-01-15 | Baxter International Inc. | Disposable cassette and system for dialysis |
US9814820B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2017-11-14 | Baxter International Inc. | Weight-controlled sorbent system for hemodialysis |
US20090264812A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2009-10-22 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for peritoneal dialysis |
US9764074B1 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2017-09-19 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for performing dialysis |
US20100010429A1 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2010-01-14 | Baxter International Inc. | Systems and methods for performing peritoneal dialysis |
US8206338B2 (en) | 2002-12-31 | 2012-06-26 | Baxter International Inc. | Pumping systems for cassette-based dialysis |
US9675745B2 (en) | 2003-11-05 | 2017-06-13 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis systems including therapy prescription entries |
US20070213665A1 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2007-09-13 | Conor Curtin | Wearable kidney |
US8715221B2 (en) | 2006-03-08 | 2014-05-06 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Wearable kidney |
US9690905B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2017-06-27 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis treatment prescription system and method |
US9697334B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2017-07-04 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis system having approved therapy prescriptions presented for selection |
US9582645B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2017-02-28 | Baxter International Inc. | Networked dialysis system |
US9514283B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2016-12-06 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis system having inventory management including online dextrose mixing |
US10561780B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2020-02-18 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis system having inventory management including online dextrose mixing |
US10646634B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 | 2020-05-12 | Baxter International Inc. | Dialysis system and disposable set |
US20100051552A1 (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-04 | Baxter International Inc. | In-line sensors for dialysis applications |
US11400193B2 (en) | 2008-08-28 | 2022-08-02 | Baxter International Inc. | In-line sensors for dialysis applications |
US8777892B2 (en) | 2008-11-03 | 2014-07-15 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Portable peritoneal dialysis system |
US20100114012A1 (en) * | 2008-11-03 | 2010-05-06 | Sandford Harold F | Portable Peritoneal Dialysis System |
US20110060273A1 (en) * | 2009-09-08 | 2011-03-10 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Peritoneal dialysis system |
US9078969B2 (en) | 2009-09-08 | 2015-07-14 | Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. | Peritoneal dialysis system |
US11495334B2 (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2022-11-08 | Gambro Lundia Ab | Medical device system and method having a distributed database |
US11516183B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2022-11-29 | Gambro Lundia Ab | Medical device system including information technology infrastructure having secure cluster domain supporting external domain |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2258189A1 (en) | 1975-08-18 |
DE2321168A1 (en) | 1974-11-21 |
FR2258189B1 (en) | 1980-08-08 |
DE2321188A1 (en) | 1974-04-04 |
GB1455772A (en) | 1976-11-17 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: TRACOR, INC. Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION AS COLLATERAL AGENT;REEL/FRAME:005957/0562 Effective date: 19911220 Owner name: TRACOR, INC. Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION;REEL/FRAME:005953/0942 Effective date: 19911227 Owner name: TRACOR, INC. Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:BANK OF AMERICA NATIONAL TRUST AND SAVINGS ASSOCIATION AS COLLATERAL AGENT;REEL/FRAME:005957/0542 Effective date: 19911227 |