US3812668A - Processes for the manufacture of slub effect yarns - Google Patents

Processes for the manufacture of slub effect yarns Download PDF

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US3812668A
US3812668A US00364634A US36463473A US3812668A US 3812668 A US3812668 A US 3812668A US 00364634 A US00364634 A US 00364634A US 36463473 A US36463473 A US 36463473A US 3812668 A US3812668 A US 3812668A
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yarn
turbulence chamber
process according
passageway
effect
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W Wilson
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/16—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam
    • D02G1/162—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam with provision for imparting irregular effects to the yarn
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/06—Imparting irregularity, e.g. slubbing or other non-uniform features, e.g. high- and low-shrinkage or strengthened and weakened sections
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/08—Interlacing constituent filaments without breakage thereof, e.g. by use of turbulent air streams

Definitions

  • atension stable slub effect yarn can be obtained by supplying a first core yarn to a turbulence chamber, having yarn inlet and exit passage ways, under conditions of zero overfeed so that no bulk is inserted into the yarn, and injecting a second cffeet yarn under conditions of overfeed by the action of a fluid jet, the fluid being permitted to exhaust out of the inlet and exit passage ways of the turbulence cham bef, the combined yarn from the turbulence chamber then being forwarded through an intermingling jet and finally wound up in the form of a coherent slub effect yarn,
  • the effect yarn becomes looped and entang gled and at random intervals becomes attached in the form of balls to the core yarn and is withdrawn with the core yarn from the turbulence chamber.
  • the intermingling jet then firmly locks the effect yarn into the core natively it may be withdrawn from a supply package by the tension imparted by the wind-up apparatus and, optionally, ayarn tension device maybe employed above the turbulence chamber to assist in maintaining sufficie'nt tension in the yarn to avoid bulking.
  • the exit passageway of the turbulence chamber isof smaller diameter than the inlet passageway.
  • the inlet passageway may be restricted by a capor baffle at the entrance to confine yarn and fluid movement which could adversely affect the stability of the incoming core yarn.
  • the effect yarn is injected into the turbulence chamber near to the junction of the inlet and. exit passageways.
  • the effect yarn is preferably injected into the turbulence chamber in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the forwarding direction of the core yarn.
  • the nature of the slub effect yarn is affected by the positioning of the intermingler jet, the air pressure therein and in particular by the angle between the axis of the intermingler yarn passageway and the axis ofthe turbulence chamber yarn passageway. Increasing the amount of air exhausting from the intermingling jet and entering the outlet passageway of the turbulence chamber, i.e., decreasing the above angle, produces long thin slubs; decreasing the amount of air by increasing the angle produces short thick slubs.
  • the nature of the slub effect yarn is also affected by the nature of the effect yarn and the extent of overfeed of said effect yarn. ln a preferred embodiment of the invention, the angle between the yarn emerging from the intermingler jet and the axis of the intermingler yarn passageway is at least 5 0.
  • yarns which may be employed for either the feed yarn or the core yarn.
  • Yarns of, for example, polyester, polyamide, rayon, acetate or acrylics may be employed as may yarns of naturally occurring fibres such as wool, cotton, etc.
  • yarns may be bulked yarns, staple yarns or continuous filament yarns.
  • the turbulence chamber has a core inlet passage way 5 and an outlet passageway 6.
  • the inlet passageway may be of cylindrical, conical or square cross-section. It may be baffled or unbaffled and may be open or restricted at the entrance.
  • the passage way has a step 7 (but this is not essential) such that the outlet passageway is of smaller diameter than the. inlet passage way.
  • Below the turbulence chamber is an intermingler 8, a free running roller 9 and a guide 10 which is located above a conventional wind-up apparatus, not shown.
  • effect yarn package 12 carrying effectyarn 11 is mounted opposite to the turbulence chamber 4 together with a guide l3'and an air disperser 14.
  • the effect yarn is positively fed tothe air disperser through a pair of nip or feel rolls.
  • a pair of feed rolls l5, 16 may be located between the core yarn package and the turbulence chamber.
  • a steam heater 17 may be situated between the free running roller and the wind-up to give loop deformation and change the tactile properties of the yarn.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Using the apparatus as illustrated in the. drawing; a 167 dtex, 30 filamentpolyester core yarn was passed through the turbulence chamber to the wind-up at a speed of SOOft/min and a 78 dtex, 20 filament nylon 66 effect yarn was injected through theair disperser l4 3 tached itself to the core yarn and the combined core and effect yarn then passed through the intermingler jet 8 around the free running roller to the wind-up.
  • EXAM Pl sE 2 Theapparatus as illustrated in the drawing was used except that the effect yarn was positively fed to the air disperser 14 by a nip roll system with the disperser situated to inject the effect yarn into the upper portion of the turbulence chamber exit passageway and the pair of nip rolls 15, 16 was omitted.
  • the process conditions were as follows: i
  • Core yarn l 10 dexitex/48 filament po1y(ethy1ene terephthalate) yarn
  • Effect yarn 84 decitex/36 filament poly(ethylene terephthalate yarn
  • I Wind-up speed: 1 100 ft/min
  • Overfeed 'of effect yarn ll5l25% Air pressureto disperserz5-l0 p.s.i.
  • Air pressure to intermingler 70-80 p.s.i.
  • the slub effect yarn so produced had a decitex of 245 and contained 45 and 55 wt percent of core and effect yarns respectively.
  • a 1,000 metre length of the slub effect yarn contained 4,194 slubs of which 56 percent were of length between 1 to 2 cm, 37 percent were of length between 2 to 5 cm and 7 percent were of length between 5 to 10 cm.
  • the slub effect yarn was particularly suitable for weft knitting outlets.
  • a process for producing a tension stable slub effect yarn which comprises supplying a-first core yarn to a turbulence chamber, having yarn inlet and exit passage ways, under conditions of zero overfeed so that no bulk is inserted into the yarn, and injecting a second effect yarn under conditions of overfeed by the action of a fluid jet, the fluid being permitted to exhaust out of the inlet and exit passage ways of the turbulence chamber, t-hecombined yarn from the turbulence chamber then being forwarded through an intermingling jet and f1- nally wound up in the form of a coherent slub effect yarn.

Abstract

A method for the preparation of a tension stable slub effect yarn, wherein a core yarn at zero overfeed is fed into a turbulence chamber and an effect yarn is simultaneously injected into the turbulence chamber at 100-120 percent overfeed and permitted to combine with the core yarn and the combined yarn is then intermingled and wound-up.

Description

United States Patent 1191 1111 3,812,668 Wilson 1451' May 28, 1974 [54] PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF 3,473,315 10/1969 LeNoir 57/157 F x SLUB EFFECT YARNS 3,474,613 10/1969 Joarder et al. 57/34 B 3,517,498 6/1970 Burellier et al. 57/34 B X [75] Inventor: William Wilson, Pontypool, England v [73] Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries Primary ExaminerDonald E. Watkins Limited, London, England Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Cushman, Darby & 22 Filed: May 29, 1973 Cushma 21 Appl. No.: 364,634 [57] ABSTRACT [36] Foreign Application Priority Data A method for the preparation of a tension stable slub June 5. 1972 Great Britain ..26l35/72 effect Y wherein a core Y at Zero Overfeed is fed into a turbulence chamber and an effect yarn is simuli'sii iilsli'ifili. 57/157 F, 57/34 B, 28/7212 taneously injected into the turbulence Chamber at 51 IIILCI. D02g 3/02, DOlh 1/00v 100420 Percent Overfeed and Permitted to combine [58] Field of Search 57/34 R, 34 B, 144, 157 R, 57/157 F, 160; 28/72.l2
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,116,589 l/l964 Edwards et al 57/157 F WIN D-UP with the core yarn and the combined yarn is then intermingled and wound-up.
10 Claims, 1' Drawing Figure 1 PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SLUB EFFECT YARNS Thus, in British Patent Specification No. 1,239,758
there is described a process in which one end of yarn is positively overfed to an intermingling jet and a second yarn is fed to the same jet without positive feed to yield an intermingled combined yarn in which the overfed component forms slub efiects along the length of the yarn. I
In British Patent Specification No. 1,036,151 a yarn which is' required to be bulked is drawn through a turbulence chamber'into which a gas is injected in a direction opposite to that in which the yarn is being forwarded. It is also disclosed that a second yarn under tension may be drawn through the same chamber to act as a carrier for the bulked yarn to yield a slub effect combined yarn. I
We have now-found that atension stable slub effect yarn can be obtained by supplying a first core yarn to a turbulence chamber, having yarn inlet and exit passage ways, under conditions of zero overfeed so that no bulk is inserted into the yarn, and injecting a second cffeet yarn under conditions of overfeed by the action of a fluid jet, the fluid being permitted to exhaust out of the inlet and exit passage ways of the turbulence cham bef, the combined yarn from the turbulence chamber then being forwarded through an intermingling jet and finally wound up in the form of a coherent slub effect yarn,
- By injecting the effectyar'n into the turbulence chamber under conditions of positive overfeed, by means of a fluid jet, the effect yarn becomes looped and entang gled and at random intervals becomes attached in the form of balls to the core yarn and is withdrawn with the core yarn from the turbulence chamber. The intermingling jet then firmly locks the effect yarn into the core natively it may be withdrawn from a supply package by the tension imparted by the wind-up apparatus and, optionally, ayarn tension device maybe employed above the turbulence chamber to assist in maintaining sufficie'nt tension in the yarn to avoid bulking. It is preferred that the exit passageway of the turbulence chamber isof smaller diameter than the inlet passageway. The inlet passageway may be restricted by a capor baffle at the entrance to confine yarn and fluid movement which could adversely affect the stability of the incoming core yarn.
It is also preferred that the effect yarn is injected into the turbulence chamber near to the junction of the inlet and. exit passageways. The effect yarn is preferably injected into the turbulence chamber in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the forwarding direction of the core yarn.
The nature of the slub effect yarn is affected by the positioning of the intermingler jet, the air pressure therein and in particular by the angle between the axis of the intermingler yarn passageway and the axis ofthe turbulence chamber yarn passageway. Increasing the amount of air exhausting from the intermingling jet and entering the outlet passageway of the turbulence chamber, i.e., decreasing the above angle, produces long thin slubs; decreasing the amount of air by increasing the angle produces short thick slubs. The nature of the slub effect yarn is also affected by the nature of the effect yarn and the extent of overfeed of said effect yarn. ln a preferred embodiment of the invention, the angle between the yarn emerging from the intermingler jet and the axis of the intermingler yarn passageway is at least 5 0.
There is no limitation on the typeof yarn which may be employed for either the feed yarn or the core yarn. Yarns of, for example, polyester, polyamide, rayon, acetate or acrylics may be employed as may yarns of naturally occurring fibres such as wool, cotton, etc. The
yarns may be bulked yarns, staple yarns or continuous filament yarns. I
The invention will now be more fully described with reference to the drawing filed with the provisional specification. v
1n the drawing the core yarn l is withdrawn from the package 2 and passes through guide 3 into the turbulence chamber 4. The turbulence chamber has a core inlet passage way 5 and an outlet passageway 6. The inlet passageway may be of cylindrical, conical or square cross-section. It may be baffled or unbaffled and may be open or restricted at the entrance. The passage way has a step 7 (but this is not essential) such that the outlet passageway is of smaller diameter than the. inlet passage way. Below the turbulence chamber is an intermingler 8, a free running roller 9 and a guide 10 which is located above a conventional wind-up apparatus, not shown. An effect yarn package 12, carrying effectyarn 11 is mounted opposite to the turbulence chamber 4 together with a guide l3'and an air disperser 14. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the effect yarn is positively fed tothe air disperser through a pair of nip or feel rolls.
Optionally, a pair of feed rolls l5, 16 may be located between the core yarn package and the turbulence chamber. A steam heater 17 may be situated between the free running roller and the wind-up to give loop deformation and change the tactile properties of the yarn.
The following Examples illustrate but do not limit the invention.
EXAMPLE 1 Using the apparatus as illustrated in the. drawing; a 167 dtex, 30 filamentpolyester core yarn was passed through the turbulence chamber to the wind-up at a speed of SOOft/min and a 78 dtex, 20 filament nylon 66 effect yarn was injected through theair disperser l4 3 tached itself to the core yarn and the combined core and effect yarn then passed through the intermingler jet 8 around the free running roller to the wind-up.
EXAM Pl sE 2 Theapparatus as illustrated in the drawing was used except that the effect yarn was positively fed to the air disperser 14 by a nip roll system with the disperser situated to inject the effect yarn into the upper portion of the turbulence chamber exit passageway and the pair of nip rolls 15, 16 was omitted. The process conditions were as follows: i
Core yarn: l 10 dexitex/48 filament po1y(ethy1ene terephthalate) yarn Effect yarn: 84 decitex/36 filament poly(ethylene terephthalate yarn I Wind-up speed: 1 100 ft/min Overfeed 'of effect yarn: ll5l25% Air pressureto disperserz5-l0 p.s.i.
Air pressure to intermingler: 70-80 p.s.i.
Angle between axis of intermingler yarn passageway and axis of turbulence chamber yarn passageway: '1 617 1 The slub effect yarn so produced had a decitex of 245 and contained 45 and 55 wt percent of core and effect yarns respectively. A 1,000 metre length of the slub effect yarn contained 4,194 slubs of which 56 percent were of length between 1 to 2 cm, 37 percent were of length between 2 to 5 cm and 7 percent were of length between 5 to 10 cm. The slub effect yarn was particularly suitable for weft knitting outlets.
EXAMPLE '3 weaving outlets;
What lclaim is: I
1. A process for producing a tension stable slub effect yarn which comprises supplying a-first core yarn to a turbulence chamber, having yarn inlet and exit passage ways, under conditions of zero overfeed so that no bulk is inserted into the yarn, and injecting a second effect yarn under conditions of overfeed by the action of a fluid jet, the fluid being permitted to exhaust out of the inlet and exit passage ways of the turbulence chamber, t-hecombined yarn from the turbulence chamber then being forwarded through an intermingling jet and f1- nally wound up in the form of a coherent slub effect yarn.
2. A process according to claim 1 in which the angle between the yarn emerging from the intermingler jet and the axis of the intermingler yarn passageway is-at least "50".
3. A process according to claim '1 in which the exit passageway of the turbulence chamber is of smaller diameter than the inlet passageway.
4. A process according to claim 1 in which the effect yarn is injected into the turbulence chamber near to the junction of the inlet and exit passageways.
5. A process according to claim 1 in which the angle between the axis of the intermingler yarn passageway and the axis of the. turbulence chamber yarn passageway is such as to allow some of the air exhausting from a the intermingler jet to enter the outlet passageway of the turbulence chamber.
6. A process according to claim 1 in which the effect yarn is overfed into the turbulence chamber at a rate of 60-120 percent.
7. A process according to claim I in which the effect yarn is positively fed to the fluid jet.
8. A process according to claim 1 in which the effect yarn is injected into the turbulence chamber in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the forwarding direction of the core yarn.
9. A process accordingto claim 1 in which the core yarn is positively fed into the turbulence chamber.
10. A process according to claim 1 in which the slub effect yarn is heated between the intermingler jet and the wind-up.

Claims (10)

1. A process for producing a tension stable slub effect yarn which comprises supplying a first core yarn to a turbulence chamber, having yarn inlet and exit passage ways, under conditions of zero overfeed so that no bulk is inserted into the yarn, and injecting a second effect yarn under conditions of overfeed by the action of a fluid jet, the fluid being permitted to exhaust out of the inlet and exit passage ways of the turbulence chamber, the combined yarn from the turbulence chamber then being forwarded through an intermingling jet and finally wound up in the form of a coherent slub effect yarn.
2. A process according to claim 1 in which the angle between the yarn emerging from the intermingler jet and the axis of the intermingler yarn passageway is at least 50*.
3. A process according to claim 1 in which the exit passageway of the turbulence chamber is of smaller diameter than the inlet passageway.
4. A process according to claim 1 in which the effect yarn is injected into the turbulence chamber near to the junction of the inlet and exit passageways.
5. A process according to claim 1 in which the angle between the axis of the intermingler yarn passageway and the axis of the turbulence chamber yarn passageway is such as to allow some of the air exhausting from the intermingler jet to enter the outlet passageway of the turbulence chamber.
6. A process according to claim 1 in which the effect yarn is overfed into the turbulence chamber at a rate of 60-120 percent.
7. A process according to claim 1 in which the effect yarn is positively fed to the fluid jet.
8. A process according to claim 1 in which the effect yarn is injected into the turbulence chamber in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the forwarding direction of the core yarn.
9. A process according to claim 1 in which the core yarn is positively fed into the turbulence chamber.
10. A process according to claim 1 in which the slub effect yarn is heated between the intermingler jet and the wind-up.
US00364634A 1972-06-05 1973-05-29 Processes for the manufacture of slub effect yarns Expired - Lifetime US3812668A (en)

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4145869A (en) * 1977-07-22 1979-03-27 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Slub yarn and method of forming same
US4196574A (en) * 1978-05-05 1980-04-08 Akzona Incorporated Composite yarn and method of manufacture
JPS56331A (en) * 1979-03-08 1981-01-06 Du Pont Bulky continuous filament and its manufacture
US4311000A (en) * 1979-08-29 1982-01-19 Burlington Industries, Inc. Novelty yarn production
US4319447A (en) * 1979-03-08 1982-03-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method of forming a bulky yarn
US4335588A (en) * 1978-01-03 1982-06-22 Akzona Incorporated Yarn process and apparatus
US4442573A (en) * 1980-09-09 1984-04-17 Kurt Hirschburger Device for intermediate storage of thread
US4453297A (en) * 1979-08-29 1984-06-12 Burlington Industries, Inc. Novelty yarn production
USRE31808E (en) * 1979-08-29 1985-01-22 Burlington Industries, Inc. Novelty yarn production
US4497099A (en) * 1981-02-04 1985-02-05 J & P Coats, Limited Method for production of synthetic yarn and yarn-like structures
US4554121A (en) * 1980-08-18 1985-11-19 Akzona Incorporated Method of forming latent-contractable elastomeric composite yarns
CN112593320A (en) * 2020-12-02 2021-04-02 杭州勤想实业有限公司 Acetic acid bamboo joint yarn processing method and acetic acid bamboo joint yarn

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52128750U (en) * 1976-03-15 1977-09-30
US4060970A (en) * 1976-04-07 1977-12-06 Fiber Industries Inc. Simulated spun-like bulked yarn
CA1107162A (en) * 1978-01-27 1981-08-18 Masayuki Tani Spun yarn-like textured composite yarn and a process for manufacturing the same
DE2918336C2 (en) * 1979-05-07 1985-04-18 Teijin Ltd., Osaka Texturable filament yarn and process for its production
CS209614B1 (en) * 1979-06-27 1981-12-31 Miloslav Pavek Nozzle for shaping the threaded formation
DE4421587C1 (en) * 1994-06-21 1995-08-24 Saurer Allma Gmbh Air jet for making effect yarns

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3116589A (en) * 1961-12-21 1964-01-07 Du Pont Process for forming a slub yarn
US3473315A (en) * 1966-03-18 1969-10-21 Allied Chem Commingled crimped yarn
US3474613A (en) * 1968-09-13 1969-10-28 Du Pont Air jet process and apparatus for making novelty yarn and product thereof
US3517498A (en) * 1967-06-22 1970-06-30 Rodiaceta Apparatus and method for producing a doupion thread

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3091913A (en) * 1959-03-13 1963-06-04 Du Pont Variable denier composite yarn
US3296785A (en) * 1964-07-30 1967-01-10 Du Pont Production of interlaced plied yarn from slub yarn and carrier yarn by means of fluid jets
US3460336A (en) * 1967-04-04 1969-08-12 Allied Chem Composite yarn structures and method of preparing same
US3568424A (en) * 1968-09-09 1971-03-09 Preston F Marshall Process and apparatus for preparing fluid-textured yarn
JPS5440963B2 (en) * 1971-08-18 1979-12-06

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3116589A (en) * 1961-12-21 1964-01-07 Du Pont Process for forming a slub yarn
US3473315A (en) * 1966-03-18 1969-10-21 Allied Chem Commingled crimped yarn
US3517498A (en) * 1967-06-22 1970-06-30 Rodiaceta Apparatus and method for producing a doupion thread
US3474613A (en) * 1968-09-13 1969-10-28 Du Pont Air jet process and apparatus for making novelty yarn and product thereof

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4145869A (en) * 1977-07-22 1979-03-27 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Slub yarn and method of forming same
US4335588A (en) * 1978-01-03 1982-06-22 Akzona Incorporated Yarn process and apparatus
US4196574A (en) * 1978-05-05 1980-04-08 Akzona Incorporated Composite yarn and method of manufacture
US4248036A (en) * 1979-03-08 1981-02-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Bulky yarn
US4319447A (en) * 1979-03-08 1982-03-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method of forming a bulky yarn
JPS56331A (en) * 1979-03-08 1981-01-06 Du Pont Bulky continuous filament and its manufacture
JPS6358938B2 (en) * 1979-03-08 1988-11-17
US4311000A (en) * 1979-08-29 1982-01-19 Burlington Industries, Inc. Novelty yarn production
US4453297A (en) * 1979-08-29 1984-06-12 Burlington Industries, Inc. Novelty yarn production
USRE31808E (en) * 1979-08-29 1985-01-22 Burlington Industries, Inc. Novelty yarn production
US4554121A (en) * 1980-08-18 1985-11-19 Akzona Incorporated Method of forming latent-contractable elastomeric composite yarns
US4442573A (en) * 1980-09-09 1984-04-17 Kurt Hirschburger Device for intermediate storage of thread
US4497099A (en) * 1981-02-04 1985-02-05 J & P Coats, Limited Method for production of synthetic yarn and yarn-like structures
CN112593320A (en) * 2020-12-02 2021-04-02 杭州勤想实业有限公司 Acetic acid bamboo joint yarn processing method and acetic acid bamboo joint yarn

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FR2187964A1 (en) 1974-01-18
GB1426876A (en) 1976-03-03
BE851861Q (en) 1977-06-16
DE2328513C2 (en) 1982-09-02
AU5648073A (en) 1974-12-05
DE2328513A1 (en) 1973-12-20
FR2187964B1 (en) 1977-05-06
NL7307801A (en) 1973-12-07
JPS4947645A (en) 1974-05-08
ZA733609B (en) 1974-06-26

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