US3793786A - Screw anchor - Google Patents
Screw anchor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3793786A US3793786A US00178712A US3793786DA US3793786A US 3793786 A US3793786 A US 3793786A US 00178712 A US00178712 A US 00178712A US 3793786D A US3793786D A US 3793786DA US 3793786 A US3793786 A US 3793786A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- shank
- flight
- earth
- screw anchor
- holding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/80—Ground anchors
- E02D5/801—Ground anchors driven by screwing
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A screw anchor for penetration and holding in soft soil comprising an elongated shank rotatable about its 1ongitudinal axis and having a lower end adapted to penetrate into the earth upon rotation.
- a helical flight is secured to the shank for holding engagement in the earth and includes a crowned upper surface extending outwardly of the shank and sloping downwardly adjacent the outer edge thereof, thereby increasing the holding strength of the flight by providing a larger, frustoconical, shear area in the soil rather than a smaller cylindrical shear area, aswith conventional anchors.
- the present invention provides a novel screw anchor having substantially increased holding capability even in soft soils, sandy loams, and the like.
- the screw anchor of the invention distributes the pullout force over a greater area in the coil for a given diameter flight, so that a screw anchor, in accordance with the present invention, having a flight diameter equal to a conventional prior art screw anchor, will have a greatly increased holding strength in similar-type soils.
- the screw anchor of the invention takes advantage of the phenomenon of soft soils wherein the soils act like flu-- ids and the pullout forces are directed normal to the outer edge of the screw anchor flighting or helix.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved screw anchor for improved holding strength in soft soils, sand loams, and the like.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved screw anchor which has increased holding strength or pullout resistance in comparison with a conventional screw anchor having equal diameter flighting.
- a new and improved screw anchor comprising an elongated shank rotatable around its longitudinal axis and having a pointed lower end adapted to penetrate into the earth as the shank is rotated.
- a helical flight is secured to a lower portion of the shank for penetrating and holding engagement in the earth, especially in soft soils and the like.
- the helical flighting is formed with a crowned upper surface andcurved cross section which extends outwardly from the shank and slopes downward to the outer peripheral edge of the flight.
- the forces resisting pullout are pressure forces directed normal to the surface of the flight and hence act within an upwardly enlarging, frustoconical volume of earth above the flight.
- the volume of this frustoconical earth segment is considerably greater than that of a cylindrical column of earth above the flight having a diameter equal to the flight and accordingly, the screw anchor of the present invention provides greatly increased holding or pullout strength in comparison to conventional screw anchors having flights of equal diameter.
- FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view illustrating a new and improved screw anchor constructed in accordance with the features of the present invention and shown as it is installed in the earth;
- FIG. 2 is a transverse, sectional view taken substantially along line 22 of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged, side elevational view of the hub of t e screw anchor shank before it is formed into finals ape;
- FIG. 4 isia side elevational view of the hub" taken substantially along line 44 of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 is a fragmentary, longitudinal sectional view of the screw anchor taken substantially along line 5--5 of FIG. 2, showing the downwardly curved or crowned helical flighting.
- the screw anchor 10 is especially adapted for use in counterbalancing longitudinal, transverse anduplift forces on utility poles, pipelines and other upright structures and the upper end of the anchor is normally connected by means of guy wires or structural members.
- the screw anchor 10 includes an elongated shank 12 having an attachment eye 14 at the upper end or other suitable connector means adapted for connection to a'guy wire, brace or other structural member.
- the lower end of the shank 12 is formed with a threaded portion 12a which is threadedly received in a threaded axial bore 16a provided in the upper end of a lower shank hub 16 of the square cross section.
- the lower hub 16 is adapted to be power driven by the application or torsional forces to screw the anchor into the ground.
- a hollow tubular wrench 18 is telescoped onto the upper end of the hub and is power rotated by a suitable source of motive power (for example, the power takeoff on the back of a line truck).
- The'lowe'r hub is preferably constructed from square stock material and,as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, is subsequently flattened in a forming operation until the square cross section of the lower half is changed to a relatively thin, flat, rectangular cross section having the dimensions W and T, as shown. Round or hexagonal stock could also be used and subsequently flattened as shown.
- the lower end of the hub is trimmed to a point 20, as shown in FIG. 3.
- the upper half of the hub 16 is secured in a chuck or other holding device and the pointed end is likewise secured in coaxially aligned relation in a chuck or other device.
- One of the chucks is rotated relative to the other in order to produce a spiral, twist drill shaped lower end portion as shown in FIG. 1.
- the arrow A of FIG. 4 indicates how rotational twisting of the lower end of the hub 16 relative to the upper half forms the spiral twist drill shape lower end portion.
- the twisting torque is applied until approximately one and a half or two complete revolutions have been attained to provide the desired length of spiral twist drill shape, as shown.
- the hub 16 is normally at elevated temperature and may be subjected to longitudinal tension during the twisting in order to control the pitch of the screw point portion. It has been found that the spiral, twist drill shaped, pointed lower end section of the hub prevents walking of the screw anchor during initial penetration and is much easier "to control in starting into the ground, at a desired angle, than prior art anchors.
- the screw anchor is provided with a crowned, or upwardly concave, helical flight of at least one turn, indicated generally by the reference numeral 20.
- the axial pitch of the helical flight 20 is approximately equal to the pitch of the twisted screw point of the lower hub.
- the helical flight extends outwardly of the hub 16 at approximately right angles or slightly less than 90, relative to the longitudirial axis of fiafifihcifihfia'is crowned so as to curve downwardly toward the outer edge of the flight.
- the outer edge of the flight is sloped downwardly and forms an angle a relative to a line perpendicular the axis of the shank as shown in FIG. 5.
- the resistance to pullout is based on pressure or compression forces rather than shear stresses and develops in a direction normal to the upper surface of the flight.
- the resistance to pullout of the anchor 10 (for example, as indicated graphically by a pulling force P exerted on the attachment eye 14 of the shank rod 12) is distributed by the crowned flighting 20 over a frustoconical volume, bonded by the lines C, which intersect the outer edge of the flight at approximately 90 or normal thereto)
- the weight of soil in the frustoconical volume is considerably greater tlfin the weight of soil in a cylindrical volume above the flight as indicated by the lines DD. Accordingly, the screw anchor 10 of the present invention has greatly increased holding strength in soft soils in comparison to conventional screw anchors of equal flight diameters.
- the anchor 10 is especially well suited for use in soft soils, sandy loams, and the like, but is also useful in high stress applications in regular soils. A much greater holding strength is thus achieved with the screw anchor 10 in accordance with the present invention, than with conventional screw anchors having equal diameter flights.
- a screw anchor for penetration and holding in the earth comprisingan elongated shank rotatable about its longitudinal axis and having a lower end portion of po lygonal cross-section adapted to penetrate into the earth and a helical flight secured to said lower end portion of said shank for holding engagement in the earth, said helical flight having a diameter substantially greater than the transverse dimension of said shank and having a crowned upper surface extending outwardly of said shank and curved to slope downwardly adjacent the outer edge thereof, said lower end portion including an upper segment above .said flight for driving engagement with a tool telescoped thereon, said lower end portion including a lower segment below said flight twisted about said longitudinal axis forming a spiral, twist drill shaped pointed lower end for penetration into the earth.
Abstract
Description
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17871271A | 1971-08-31 | 1971-08-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3793786A true US3793786A (en) | 1974-02-26 |
Family
ID=22653640
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00178712A Expired - Lifetime US3793786A (en) | 1971-08-31 | 1971-09-08 | Screw anchor |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3793786A (en) |
CA (1) | CA967717A (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4280768A (en) * | 1979-12-20 | 1981-07-28 | Dixie Electrical Manufacturing Company | Anchor drive coupler |
US4568036A (en) * | 1984-06-18 | 1986-02-04 | Kearney Morris J | Wheel-operated winch |
US4742656A (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1988-05-10 | Dixie Electrical Manufacturing Company | Earth anchor with multi-sided blade |
US6058662A (en) * | 1997-07-18 | 2000-05-09 | Secure Products, Llc | Earth anchors and methods for their use |
US6199712B1 (en) * | 1998-11-27 | 2001-03-13 | Rene Rosset | Manure storage container |
US20030147704A1 (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2003-08-07 | Parker Clifford Alan | Anchor device |
US20060266556A1 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2006-11-30 | Hill John L Iii | Drilling apparatus, method, and system |
US20070094972A1 (en) * | 2005-10-11 | 2007-05-03 | Hess Charles D | Wind protection system and roof ballast module |
US20140007487A1 (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2014-01-09 | AugHog Products, LLC | Anchor with littoral zone applications |
US11530534B2 (en) | 2018-03-15 | 2022-12-20 | Daysh Developments, Inc. | Dry-stack masonry wall supported on hollow piles |
US20230002988A1 (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2023-01-05 | Wilkinson Ecological Design | Erosion control apparatus |
US11643785B2 (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2023-05-09 | Wei Zhou | Tie down ground anchor head |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US816631A (en) * | 1905-09-14 | 1906-04-03 | Charles J Widmer | Guy-anchor. |
US1109020A (en) * | 1911-02-23 | 1914-09-01 | Joseph Booth Skiff | Fence-post. |
GB134301A (en) * | 1918-10-29 | 1919-10-29 | George Hutchinson | Military Post. |
US1336773A (en) * | 1916-12-14 | 1920-04-13 | Caldweil John William | Screw |
AT163571B (en) * | 1946-12-13 | 1949-07-25 | Elin Ag Elek Ind Wien | Encapsulated power distribution system |
GB869531A (en) * | 1959-08-05 | 1961-05-31 | Richard Langer | Improvements in or relating to ground anchors |
US3295274A (en) * | 1964-12-10 | 1967-01-03 | Kalb Toys Inc De | Combination of pole anchor with a gym set or the like |
US3318058A (en) * | 1960-02-25 | 1967-05-09 | Chance Co Ab | Apparatus for installing earth anchors |
-
1971
- 1971-09-08 US US00178712A patent/US3793786A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1972
- 1972-06-27 CA CA145,848A patent/CA967717A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US816631A (en) * | 1905-09-14 | 1906-04-03 | Charles J Widmer | Guy-anchor. |
US1109020A (en) * | 1911-02-23 | 1914-09-01 | Joseph Booth Skiff | Fence-post. |
US1336773A (en) * | 1916-12-14 | 1920-04-13 | Caldweil John William | Screw |
GB134301A (en) * | 1918-10-29 | 1919-10-29 | George Hutchinson | Military Post. |
AT163571B (en) * | 1946-12-13 | 1949-07-25 | Elin Ag Elek Ind Wien | Encapsulated power distribution system |
GB869531A (en) * | 1959-08-05 | 1961-05-31 | Richard Langer | Improvements in or relating to ground anchors |
US3318058A (en) * | 1960-02-25 | 1967-05-09 | Chance Co Ab | Apparatus for installing earth anchors |
US3295274A (en) * | 1964-12-10 | 1967-01-03 | Kalb Toys Inc De | Combination of pole anchor with a gym set or the like |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4280768A (en) * | 1979-12-20 | 1981-07-28 | Dixie Electrical Manufacturing Company | Anchor drive coupler |
US4568036A (en) * | 1984-06-18 | 1986-02-04 | Kearney Morris J | Wheel-operated winch |
US4742656A (en) * | 1984-12-14 | 1988-05-10 | Dixie Electrical Manufacturing Company | Earth anchor with multi-sided blade |
US6058662A (en) * | 1997-07-18 | 2000-05-09 | Secure Products, Llc | Earth anchors and methods for their use |
US6199712B1 (en) * | 1998-11-27 | 2001-03-13 | Rene Rosset | Manure storage container |
US6824331B2 (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2004-11-30 | Clifford Alan Parker | Screw form anchor device |
US20030147704A1 (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2003-08-07 | Parker Clifford Alan | Anchor device |
US20060266556A1 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2006-11-30 | Hill John L Iii | Drilling apparatus, method, and system |
US8636448B2 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2014-01-28 | Raytheon Company | Drilling apparatus, method, and system |
US20070094972A1 (en) * | 2005-10-11 | 2007-05-03 | Hess Charles D | Wind protection system and roof ballast module |
US20140007487A1 (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2014-01-09 | AugHog Products, LLC | Anchor with littoral zone applications |
US20230002988A1 (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2023-01-05 | Wilkinson Ecological Design | Erosion control apparatus |
US11530534B2 (en) | 2018-03-15 | 2022-12-20 | Daysh Developments, Inc. | Dry-stack masonry wall supported on hollow piles |
US11643785B2 (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2023-05-09 | Wei Zhou | Tie down ground anchor head |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA967717A (en) | 1975-05-20 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: JOSLYN MANUFACTURING CO., A CORP. OF IL Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNORS:JOSLYN MANUFACTURING CO., AN IL CORP. (MERGED INTO);JMC ACQUISITION CO., A DE CORP. (CHANGED TO);REEL/FRAME:005261/0084 Effective date: 19880920 Owner name: JOSLYN MANUFACTURING CO., A DE CORP. Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:JOSLYN CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:005240/0648 Effective date: 19881011 Owner name: JOSLYN CORPORATION, ILLINOIS Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:JOSLYN MFG. AND SUPPLY CO.;REEL/FRAME:005179/0732 Effective date: 19850424 Owner name: JOSLYN CORPORATION, ILLINOIS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:JOSLYN MANUFACTURING CO.;REEL/FRAME:005179/0737 Effective date: 19890922 |