US3789006A - Solvent compositions - Google Patents
Solvent compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3789006A US3789006A US00157737A US3789006DA US3789006A US 3789006 A US3789006 A US 3789006A US 00157737 A US00157737 A US 00157737A US 3789006D A US3789006D A US 3789006DA US 3789006 A US3789006 A US 3789006A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- solvent
- trichloro
- trifluoroethane
- composition
- cleaning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title abstract description 38
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 title abstract description 29
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 11
- AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005613 synthetic organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/50—Solvents
- C11D7/5036—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents
- C11D7/5068—Mixtures of halogenated and non-halogenated solvents
- C11D7/5095—Mixtures including solvents containing other heteroatoms than oxygen, e.g. nitriles, amides, nitroalkanes, siloxanes or thioethers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
Abstract
A SOLVENT COMPOSITION WHICH COMPRISES A MIXTURE OF TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE, ISOPROPANOL AND NITROMETHANE, WHICH MIXTURE FORMS AN AZEOTROPE.
Description
United States Patent 3,789,006 SOLVENT COMPOSITIONS Ian McMillan and Jeffrey Prest, Runcorn, England, assignors to Imperial Chemical Industries Limited, London, England No Drawing. Filed June 28, 1971, Ser. No. 157,737 Claims priority, application Great Britain, July 7, 1970, 32,949/70 Int. Cl. Clld 7/50 US. Cl. 252-171 3 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A solvent composition which comprises a mixture of trichlorotrifluoroethane, isopropanol and nitromethane, which mixture forms an azeotrope.
This invention relates to a cleaning composition comprising trichlorotrifluoroethane.
It is known that 1,l,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane, on account of its selective solvent power, is useful as a cleaning liquid for the removal of contaminants from a variety of articles and materials, particularly synthetic organic polymers and plastics which are themselves sensitive to other more common and more powerful solvents, such as trichloroethylene or perchloroethylene. However the use of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,-trifluoroethane on its own is often insuflicient to remove some of the more persistent forms of contamination, for example various active resinbased soldering fluxes. Some improvement in the efliciency of removal of such persistent contamination may be effected by the use of mechanical aids, for example boiling solvent or ultrasonic irradiation, but use of these mechanical aids is not always suflicient to remove all of the contamination.
We have now found that an improved cleaning fluid may be made by the addition of isopropanol and nitromethane to trichlorotrifluoroethane.
Thus according to the invention there is provided a solvent composition which comprises an azeotropic mixture of trichlorotrifluoroethane with isopropanol and nitromethane.
Preferably, the trichlorotrifluoroethane is 1,1,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane. The azeotropic mixture comprising this isomer contains about 95.5% by weight of 1,1,2- trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, about 2.5% by weight of isopropanol and about 2% by weight of nitromethane and has a boiling point at 760 mm. Hg of 45.87 C.
The cleaning compositions of the invention will remove some contaminants which are not removed by 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane alone. In processes which use a cleaning fluid, it is usually necessary from time to time to remove contamination from the liquid by distillation. Such distillations will normally be repeated many times during the useful life of the fluid and if the cleaning fluid consists of two different liquids having diiferent boiling points these distillations will tend to result in a concentration of one of the liquids and a change of the composition in the cleaning bath. Such a change of composition will cause a change in the solvent power of the cleaning fluid and may result in damage to the articles being cleaned or in the production of a dangerously inflammable mixture. However, by use of essentially azeotropic mixtures it is possible to avoid any risk of such undesirable consequences, since the azeotropic mixture can be distilled without preferential concentration of one of the components.
Compositions according to the invention have the advantage that they provide a range of solvents which have a greater solvent power than 1,1,2-trichloro-l,2,-trifluoroethane while still retaining to a great extent the inertness of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane to synthetic organic Patented Jan. 29., 1974 polymers, plastics, resins, resin laminates, resin-bonded paper board, Bakelite, fibreglass and like materials.
Because of this enhanced solvent power the use of time-consuming, costly and sometimes unacceptable mechanical devices, such as hand-scrubbing or Wiping which may cause damage to sensitive articles, may be avo ded.
The azeotropic mixture may be used in most of the normal applications of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane provided that the increased solvent power of the azeotrope is not a hindrance to such an application. This increased solvent power may make it possible to shorten the cleaning cycles which are at present necessary with pure 1,1,2- trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane and thus enable the capacity of existing plant to be increased.
The compositions of the invention may be used in conventional apparatus and employing conventional operating techniques. The solvent may be used without heat if desired, but the cleaning action of the solvent may be assisted by conventional means, for example use of boiling solvent, agitation or adjuvants.
In some applications it is advantageous to use ultrasonic irradiation in combination with the solvents. This is particularly true when removing certain tenacious fluxes from soldered joints, the ultrasonic irradiation helping to remove the solid and insoluble constituents of the flux.
The high stability of the solvent composition of the invention, and particularly of the azeotrope, under operating conditions makes it usually unnecessary to use stabilizers in the solvents. This has the advantage that when the solvent composition evaporates it leaves a perfectly clean surface uncontaminated with higher boiling stabilizers. However, it is possible that stabilizers may be necessary under corrosive conditions for example those in which the solvent comes into contact with oxidizing agents which can attack the components of the composition.
Other solvents or additives may be added to the solvent composition of the invention if it is desired to modify their cleaning or solvent power. Suitable additives include cationic, anionic and non-ionic detergents. Water may also be added in some circumstances, particularly when the compositions include a detergent, but this is not essential.
Solvent compositions according to our invention, and particularly the azeotrope, are useful in a wide range of applications, including removal of soldering fluxes from electrical equipment, in particular from equipment in which the composition is likely to come into contact with materials such as plastics or resins and cleaning of photographic film or magnetic recording tapes.
The invention is illustrated in the following examples in which all percentages are by weight:
Example 1 Pure 1,l,Z-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane was mixed with nitromethane and the mixture distilled through a vacuum jacketed column at high reflux ratio to obtain a constant boiling mixture. A small quantity of isopropanol was added whereupon it Was observed that the condensation and boiling temperatures reached a mimium. The difference between these temperatures also reached a minimum at this point. The composition of the liquid in the ebulliometer was then close to that of a ternary azeotrope. The azeotropic composition was defined more precisely by careful fractionation of a liquid of roughly azeotropic composition followed by analysis of the condensate by gas chromatography. The boiling point of the azeotrope was found by distilling it in a diflerential ebulliometer and measuring the condensation temperature relative to that of pure l,1,Z-trichloro-l,2,-trifluoroethane using an ebullioscopic Beckman thermometer.
The azeotrope was found to have a composition of about 95.5% of 1,1,2 trichloro 1,2,2-trifluoroethane,
"ice
3 about 95.5% of 1,1,2 trichloro 1,2,2 trifluoroethane, and a boiling point at 760 mm. Hg of 45.87 C.
The azeotrope was also found to be nonflammable by the Pensky-Martens closed cup test.
Example 2 The azeotropic mixture of Example 1 was tested for its effectiveness in removing a soldering flux from resinbonded printed circuit boards. A section of board was painted with a commercially-available flux sold under the trade name Multicore P025. The board was dried under infra-red heating for 2 minutes and then touch-soldered for 5 seconds with solder maintained at 250 C. The board was then immersed in boiling solvent for 1 minute, after which time it was removed and found to be free from all flux residues. For the purposes of comparison a section of board was similarly treated and immersed in Arklone L, a commercially-available solvent used for circuit-board cleaning, which is an azeotropic mixture comprising 97% of 1,l,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane and 3% of isopropanol. Extensive flux residues still remained on the board after removal from this solvent.
We claim:
1. An azeotropic composition consisting essentially of about 95.5% by weight of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, about 2.5% by weight of isopropanol and about 2% by weight of nitromethane and having a boiling point of about 46 C. at 760 millimeters of mercury pressure.
2. A method of cleaning an article comprising contacting the article with the azeotropic composition of claim 1.
3. A method according to claim 2 in which the article is a printed circuit board contaminated with soldering flux.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Barton et al. 252--171 WILLIAM E. SCHULZ, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
25267, Digest 9; 260-652.5
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB3294970 | 1970-07-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3789006A true US3789006A (en) | 1974-01-29 |
Family
ID=10346403
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00157737A Expired - Lifetime US3789006A (en) | 1970-07-07 | 1971-06-28 | Solvent compositions |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3789006A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5210827B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA947006A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2133852B2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2100289A5 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1330534A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL169753C (en) |
Cited By (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3903009A (en) * | 1973-11-16 | 1975-09-02 | Du Pont | Azeotrope of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, ethanol and nitromethane |
| DE2533357A1 (en) * | 1974-07-25 | 1976-02-05 | Du Pont | AZEOTROPIC COMPOSITION |
| US4045366A (en) * | 1976-05-13 | 1977-08-30 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Azeotrope-like compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, nitromethane and acetone |
| US4052328A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1977-10-04 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Azeotrope-like compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, ethanol, isopropanol and nitromethane |
| US4062794A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1977-12-13 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Azeotrope-like compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and nitromethane |
| US4279664A (en) * | 1980-04-09 | 1981-07-21 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Azeotrope-like compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, acetone and n-hexane |
| US4279665A (en) * | 1980-04-09 | 1981-07-21 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Azeotrope-like compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, acetone and cyclopentane |
| US4584122A (en) * | 1984-11-28 | 1986-04-22 | Allied Corporation | Azeotrope-like compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, ethanol, nitromethane and 2-methylpentane or a mixture of hexanes |
| US4593764A (en) * | 1984-11-08 | 1986-06-10 | Conoco Inc. | Removal of pipe dope constrictions |
| US4606841A (en) * | 1984-11-28 | 1986-08-19 | Allied Corporation | Azeotrope-like compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, ethanol, acetone, nitromethane and hexane |
| US4715900A (en) * | 1987-01-08 | 1987-12-29 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotropic compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, dichlorodifluoroethane and methanol/ethanol |
| US4753735A (en) * | 1985-03-11 | 1988-06-28 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Solvent and apparatus and method for cleaning and drying surfaces of non absorbent articles |
| US4873021A (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1989-10-10 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition of trichlorotrifluoroethane and dichlorodifluoroethane |
| US4936923A (en) * | 1989-03-01 | 1990-06-26 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotropic compositions of 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane with cis-1,2-dichloroethylene and n-propanol or isopropanol with or without nitromethane |
| US5035831A (en) * | 1989-10-06 | 1991-07-30 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, nitromethane, 1,2-dichloroethylene, and ethanol or isopropanol |
| US5073288A (en) * | 1990-08-17 | 1991-12-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions of 1,1,1,2,2,3,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-trifluoromethylpentane and use thereof for cleaning solid surfaces |
| US5073290A (en) * | 1990-08-17 | 1991-12-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions of 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,5-octafluoro-4-trifluormethypentane and use thereof for cleaning solid surfaces |
| US5076956A (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1991-12-31 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions of octafluorotrifluoromethylpentane and nonafluorotrifluoromethylpentane and use thereof for cleaning solid surfaces |
| US5084199A (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1992-01-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluorocyclopentane and use thereof in compositions and processes for cleaning |
| US5171902A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1992-12-15 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Saturated linear polyfluorohydrocarbons, processes for their production, and their use in cleaning compositions |
| US5176757A (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1993-01-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluorocyclopentane and use thereof in compositions and processes for cleaning |
| US5221361A (en) * | 1990-08-17 | 1993-06-22 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions of 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,5,-octafluoro-4-trifluoromethylpentane and use thereof for cleaning solid surfaces |
| US5250213A (en) * | 1991-05-06 | 1993-10-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,6-undecafluorohexane and use thereof in compositions and processes for cleaning |
| US5268122A (en) * | 1991-08-28 | 1993-12-07 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Gem-dihydropolyfluoroalkanes and monohydropolyfluoroalkenes, processes for their production, and use of gem-dihydropolyfluoroalkanes in cleaning compositions |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2345413A1 (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1977-10-21 | Allied Chem | Azeotropic mixts. contg. trichlorotrifluoroethane - for cleaning printed circuit boards, etc. |
| DE3924888A1 (en) * | 1989-07-27 | 1991-01-31 | Kali Chemie Ag | AZEOTROPARTIC AND AZEOTROPE COMPOSITIONS OF TRICHLORTRIFLUORETHANE, TRANS-1,2-DICHLORETHYLENE AND AN ALKANOL |
-
1971
- 1971-06-21 GB GB3294970A patent/GB1330534A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-06-28 US US00157737A patent/US3789006A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-06-29 CA CA117,015A patent/CA947006A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-07-06 FR FR7124624A patent/FR2100289A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-07-06 NL NLAANVRAGE7109311,A patent/NL169753C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-07-07 DE DE2133852A patent/DE2133852B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1971-07-07 JP JP46049623A patent/JPS5210827B1/ja active Pending
Cited By (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3903009A (en) * | 1973-11-16 | 1975-09-02 | Du Pont | Azeotrope of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, ethanol and nitromethane |
| DE2533357A1 (en) * | 1974-07-25 | 1976-02-05 | Du Pont | AZEOTROPIC COMPOSITION |
| US3960746A (en) * | 1974-07-25 | 1976-06-01 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotrope-like compositions of methanol, nitromethane and trichlorotrifluoroethane |
| US4052328A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1977-10-04 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Azeotrope-like compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, ethanol, isopropanol and nitromethane |
| US4062794A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1977-12-13 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Azeotrope-like compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and nitromethane |
| US4045366A (en) * | 1976-05-13 | 1977-08-30 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Azeotrope-like compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, nitromethane and acetone |
| US4279664A (en) * | 1980-04-09 | 1981-07-21 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Azeotrope-like compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, acetone and n-hexane |
| US4279665A (en) * | 1980-04-09 | 1981-07-21 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Azeotrope-like compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, acetone and cyclopentane |
| US4593764A (en) * | 1984-11-08 | 1986-06-10 | Conoco Inc. | Removal of pipe dope constrictions |
| US4584122A (en) * | 1984-11-28 | 1986-04-22 | Allied Corporation | Azeotrope-like compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, ethanol, nitromethane and 2-methylpentane or a mixture of hexanes |
| US4606841A (en) * | 1984-11-28 | 1986-08-19 | Allied Corporation | Azeotrope-like compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, ethanol, acetone, nitromethane and hexane |
| US4753735A (en) * | 1985-03-11 | 1988-06-28 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Solvent and apparatus and method for cleaning and drying surfaces of non absorbent articles |
| US4873021A (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1989-10-10 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition of trichlorotrifluoroethane and dichlorodifluoroethane |
| US4715900A (en) * | 1987-01-08 | 1987-12-29 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotropic compositions of trichlorotrifluoroethane, dichlorodifluoroethane and methanol/ethanol |
| US4936923A (en) * | 1989-03-01 | 1990-06-26 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotropic compositions of 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane with cis-1,2-dichloroethylene and n-propanol or isopropanol with or without nitromethane |
| US5035831A (en) * | 1989-10-06 | 1991-07-30 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, nitromethane, 1,2-dichloroethylene, and ethanol or isopropanol |
| US5084199A (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1992-01-28 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluorocyclopentane and use thereof in compositions and processes for cleaning |
| US5176757A (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1993-01-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluorocyclopentane and use thereof in compositions and processes for cleaning |
| US5073288A (en) * | 1990-08-17 | 1991-12-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions of 1,1,1,2,2,3,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-trifluoromethylpentane and use thereof for cleaning solid surfaces |
| US5073290A (en) * | 1990-08-17 | 1991-12-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions of 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,5-octafluoro-4-trifluormethypentane and use thereof for cleaning solid surfaces |
| US5221361A (en) * | 1990-08-17 | 1993-06-22 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions of 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,5,-octafluoro-4-trifluoromethylpentane and use thereof for cleaning solid surfaces |
| US5683978A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1997-11-04 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Saturated linear polyfluorohydrocarbons in cleaning compositions |
| US5171902A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1992-12-15 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Saturated linear polyfluorohydrocarbons, processes for their production, and their use in cleaning compositions |
| US6506950B1 (en) | 1990-10-11 | 2003-01-14 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Saturated linear polyfluorohydrocarbons, processes for their production, and their use in cleaning compositions |
| US5723701A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1998-03-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Saturated linear polyfluorohydrocarbons, processes for their production, and their use in cleaning compositions |
| US5504265A (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1996-04-02 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Saturated linear polyfluorohydrocarbons, processes for their production, and their use in cleaning compositions |
| US5076956A (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1991-12-31 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions of octafluorotrifluoromethylpentane and nonafluorotrifluoromethylpentane and use thereof for cleaning solid surfaces |
| US5250213A (en) * | 1991-05-06 | 1993-10-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,6-undecafluorohexane and use thereof in compositions and processes for cleaning |
| US5268122A (en) * | 1991-08-28 | 1993-12-07 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Gem-dihydropolyfluoroalkanes and monohydropolyfluoroalkenes, processes for their production, and use of gem-dihydropolyfluoroalkanes in cleaning compositions |
| US6194619B1 (en) | 1991-08-28 | 2001-02-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Gem-dihydropolyfluoroalkanes and monohydropolyfluoroalkenes, processes for their production, and use of gem-dihydropolyfluoroalkanes in cleaning compositions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2100289A5 (en) | 1972-03-17 |
| NL169753B (en) | 1982-03-16 |
| DE2133852B2 (en) | 1979-05-23 |
| NL7109311A (en) | 1972-01-11 |
| JPS5210827B1 (en) | 1977-03-26 |
| CA947006A (en) | 1974-05-14 |
| DE2133852A1 (en) | 1972-02-10 |
| GB1330534A (en) | 1973-09-19 |
| NL169753C (en) | 1982-08-16 |
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