US3756120A

US3756120A - Pistol having movable barrel

Info

Publication number: US3756120A
Application number: US00207254A
Authority: US
Inventors: R Roy
Original assignee: Colt Industries Operating Corp
Current assignee: CFPI Inc A CORP OF; COLT LICENSING A DE Ltd PARTNERSHIP LP; CII Holdings Inc
Priority date: 1969-10-08
Filing date: 1971-12-13
Publication date: 1973-09-04
Anticipated expiration: 1990-09-04

Abstract

The pistol of this invention incorporates a fire control group of an enblock type removably mounted in a receiver and having a housing extremity engaging the receiver at a location remote from a hammer pivot axis, a slide reciprocably mounted on the receiver, and a barrel operated by the slide and having a downwardly projecting lug, the lug being received for limited captured movement in the frame between longitudinally spaced vertically offset limit positions, and a pair of camming pins longitudinally spaced apart in the receiver to extend laterally across the path of movement of the barrel lug and serving both to guide and stop barrel movement relative to the slide in timed relation to its movements.

Description

Waited tates atem 1 [111 3,756,120 Roy Sept. 4, 1973 [5 PiSTOL HAVING MOVABLE BARREL 2,664,786 1 1954 Guisasola 89/163 [75] Inventor: Robert E. Roy, East Haven, Conn.

I Primary ExaminerStephen C. Bentley [73] Assrgnee: golt IpetuztrgzOperatmg Corp., William Reinsmith ew or [22] Filed: Dec. 13, 1971 57 ABSTRACT PP N04 207,254 The pistol of this invention incorporates a fire control Related Application Data group of an end block type removably mounted in a re- [62] Division of Ser No 864 609 Oct 8 1969 ceiver and having a housing extremity engaging the receiver at a location remote from a hammer pivot axis, lide reci rocabl mounted on the receiver and a 52 U.S.Cl. a S E Hm Cl if gg barrel operated by the slide and having a downwardly p j g g the g being received for limited [58] Field of Search 89/ 163, l981,9/1l9956, tured movement in the frame between longitudinally spaced vertically offset limit positions, and a pair of camming pins longitudinally spaced apart in the re- [56] References Cited ceiver to extend laterally across the path of movement UNITED STATES PATENTS of the barrel lug and serving both to guide and stop bar- 2,846,925 8/1958 Norman 89/196 rel movement relative to the slide in timed relation to 1 Charron its movements 3,504,594 4/1970 Greeley 89/163 2,115,041 4/1938 Obregon 89/195 5 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures Patented Sept. 4,1973

2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Patented Sept. 4, 1973 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 1 PISTOL HAVING MOVABLE BARREL This application is a division of applicant's prior copending patent application Ser. No. 864,609 filed Oct. 8, 1969 and now US. Pat. No. 3,682,040.

This invention generally relates to firearms, particularly automatic pistols, and specifically concerns a socalled en bloc fire control group and a barrel guide and stop mechanism for a pistol of a type having a movable barrel operated by a slide.

A primary object of this invention is to provide a firearm having an improved en bloc fire control group which not only is self-locating in operative position in a receiver but is also self-restrained therein against undesired movement during trigger actuation and pivotal hammer movements.

Another object of this invention is to provide such an improved fire control group particularly suited for quick and easy mass production without close tolerance requirements while yet minimizing any free trigger travel.

A further object of this invention is to provide a pistol having a significantly improved barrel guide and stop mechanism for precisely engaging and disengaging a movable barrel relative to its operating slide in timed relation to the movements of the slide.

Still another object of this invention is to provide such a barrel guide and stop mechanism of a simplified.

construction which not only can be easily mass produced to critical tolerances at moderate cost, but is also of a rugged construction for reliable operation over an extensive service life.

A still further object of this invention is to provide an improved pistol having a fire control group and barrel guide and stop mechanism featuring a minimum number of compact parts in a relatively light hand gun having an all steel frame construction for large calibers and a high-capacity magazine.

Other objects will be in part obvious and in part pointed out more in detail hereinafter.

A better understanding of the objects, advantages, features, properties and relationships of this invention will be obtained from the following detailed description and accompanying drawings which set forth an illustrative embodiment and are indicative of the ways in which the principles of this invention are employed.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a side view, partly broken away and partly in section, showing a preferred embodiment of a pistol incorporating this invention with the barrel guide andstop mechanism in a forward limit position;

FIG. 2 is a side view, partly broken away and partly in section, similar to FIG. 1, and showing the barrel guide and stop mechanism in a rear limit position;

FIG. 3 is a side view, partly broken away, showing an en bloc fire control housing;

FIG. 4 is a side view, partly broken away, showing a portion of the receiver forming a pocket for the fire control housing;

FIG. 5 is an isometric view of a barrel guide and stop member in combination with a slide stop-open latch;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of a firing mechanism of this invention at the instant of hammer release; and

FIG. 7 is an enlarged section view taken generally along line 7-7 of FIG. 1.

Referring to the drawings in detail, an automatic pistol l0 embodying this invention is shown generally comprising a frame or receiver 12, barrel l4 and operating slide 16 suitably supported for reciprocable sliding movement on the receiver 12. During manual cocking and during automatic recoil upon firing, the slide I6 moves rearwardly to an extent limited by an abutment wall 18 on the receiver 12. A shoulder 20 inside the slide 16 engages an enlarged rear barrel portion 22 to drive the barrel l4 rearwardly with the slide 16 from its forward position shown in FIG. 1. The barrel 14 disengages from the slide 16 during its rearward movement and is arrested at an intermediate point in the travel of the slide 16 to provide for cartridge extraction and ejection and to strip a live round from a magazine (not shown) to be chambered within the barrel 14 upon the return forward movement of the slide 16 under the force of its action spring 24.

Illustration and detailed descriptions of conventional features such as the barrel chamber, extractor, slide ejection port, safety mechanisms, ejector and magazine have been omitted since they are not essential to an understanding of this invention.

A firing mechanism hammer 26 is cocked by the slide 16 during its rearward movement. The pistol 10 utilizes a well known firing operation wherein pivoting its trigger 28 rearwardly about a pivot pin 30 moves a trigger bar 32 forwardly for actuating the hammer 26. Both single and double action firing mechanism movements are provided for in the pistol 10 of this invention. In a single action movement the hammer 26 is manually cocked by its thumbpiece 34 and then released from cocked position by a trigger squeeze. In a double action movement the hammer 26 is both cocked and fired by a single trigger squeeze.

The trigger bar 32 has an inwardly directed rear finger 36 suitably stepped and configured to form a double action shoulder 38 and a sear engaging face 40 (FIG. 6). During a double action movement, the double action shoulder 38 engages a double action hammer sear 42 to pivot hammer 26 from its at rest position (FIG. 1) into a fully cooked position, such that upon further trigger pull, a tail of the finger 36 contacts the hammer 26 inside its double action notch 44 to disengage the trigger bar 32 to drop the hammer 26.

coincidentally with the disengagement of the trigger bar 32 at the instant of release (shown in FIG. 6), the sear engaging face 40 of the trigger bar 32 engages a single action sear 46, pivoting it clockwise out of the path of movement of the hammer 26 to avoid unintended engagement with its full cock and half cock notches 48, 50. The hammer 26 falls freely into fired position, pivoting about its fixed pin 52 under the force of its main spring 54 and strikes the firing pin 56 to fire a cartridge. During such hammer drop, a projecting disconnector hammer surface 58 engages the trigger bar 32 to drive it downwardly to automatically disengage the bar 32 from the single action sear 46.

Thereafter the single action sear 46 is automatically returned to engagethe hammer 26 under the biasing force of its torsion spring 60, and the trigger 28 and its bar 32 are returned to their illustrated at rest positions (FIG. 1) under the bias of a common torsion return spring 62 which continuously urges the trigger 28 forwardly and the trigger bar 32 upwardly into contact with the hammer 26.

The hammer 26 also may be manually cocked to engage the single action sear 46 in the full cock hammer notch 48. (As previously noted, the hammer 26 is also placed in this condition by recoil operation of the slide 16 upon firing.) The trigger bar 32 then moves forwardly responsive to trigger actuation to engage the single action sear 46. During trigger pull the bar 32 moves in a path generally parallel to the hammer surface in its double action notch 44 to drive the single action sear 46 out of engagement with the hammer 26. Upon release, hammer 26 drops responsive to a positive force applied along the length of its strut 64 under the bias of the compressed main spring 54 shown coiled about a plunger 66 having a recessed head 68 forming a seat for the hammer strut 64.

Various firing mechanism components mentioned above have been incorporated in a unitary fire control group 70 of an en bloc type particularly suited to be quickly and easily assembled and removed for facile field maintenance as a single-piece unit relative to the receiver 12.

A characteristic problem with en bloc type fire control groups concerns their fitting with the receiver. Simply stated, en bloc fire control groups of the known prior art are either too tightly wedged or too loosely seated in the receiver. if the en bloc fire control group is too tightly fitted, anticipated advantages desired in quick and easy disassembly and reassembly are replaced by frustration. In the absence of a construction permitting a relatively loose fit, close manufacturing tolerances must be adhered to or hand fitting must be employed, approaches which are neither practical or desirable in a mass production operation and which have a tendency to become loosened and unstable. Loosely fitted en bloc fire control groups exhibit a characteristic rocking action in directions of hammer pivoting, and it may be necessary to resort to an undesired double military pull to take up slop and play in the firing mechanism through a substantial portion of the trigger squeeze before a crisp trigger pull is reached just before firing. in addition, attempts to precisely locate en bloc fire control groups by the use, e.g., of cross pin connections extending laterally of the receiver have resulted in undesirably increasing the size of the firing mechanism components to an unmanageably large extent, particularly when the versatility of both single and double action movements of the above-described firing mechanism is desired.

To overcome such problems while providing a crisp single stage trigger pull to release the hammer and yet maintaining th flexibility of both single and double action movements in an exceptionally compact design, the en bloc fire control group 70 of this invention is particularly suited to be positively located in the receiver 12 with a relatively loose fit while stabilizing the fire control group 70 a sufficient distance from its hammer pivot axis X-X to minimize or eliminate any tendency toward unintended movement of the fire control group 70. The latter is provided a housing 72 having

pins

52, 74 and 76 fixed therein for supporting the hammer 26, single action sear 46 and its spring 60 for pivotal movement, and additionally supporting the hammer strut 64, main spring 54 and its associated plunger 66 in a compact unitary assembly for quick and easy insertion and removal relative to the receiver 12 of the pistol 10.

More specifically, an elongated downwardly projecting housing extension is shown including a plug 80 and a tubular portion 82 within which the main spring 54 is received with one end seated against a bottom shoulder of the head 68 of the plunger 66. An opposite end of the main spring 54 seats against the housing extension plug 80. The main spring 54 is preloaded and exerts a continuous force on the plug 80 to maintain its radial pin 84 against unintended movement relative to an L shaped slot 86 formed in the end of the tubular housing portion 82.

To locate the fire control group within the receiver hand grip 88, the free rear finger 36 of the trigger bar 32 need only be positioned within a window (not shown) in the housing 72, and the fire control housing 72 is then simply inserted into its pocket 90 within the receiver 12. A rear wall 92 of the housing 72 and a front face 94 of a side projection 96 on the housing 72 are provided bearing support by surface 98, 100, respectively, within the pocket 90 of the receiver 12, and the plug projecting downwardly beyond the end of the tubular portion 82 is fitted within a bottom opening 102 in the hand grip 88. Thus, the plug 80 not only serves as a pilot to precisely locate the fire control group 70 within the receiver 12, but also serves to restrain the fire control group 70 against unintended fore and aft oscillatory movement within the receiver 12. Upward movement of the fire control group 70 is restrained by the slide 16.

Any tendency of the fire control group 70 to rock during hammer cocking, e.g., thus will be effectively restrained by the engagement of the housing extension plug 80 and the receiver 12 to minimize any free trigger travel. By stabilizing the lower extremity of the housing extension at the bottom of the receiver 12, the effective lever arm to the hammer pivot axis XX is of maximum length and only a minimal amount of force is transmitted between the housing extension plug 80 and the receiver 12 which additionally minimizes any parts wear and limits any angular motion of the housing 72 in directions of hammer pivoting to an absolute minimum for a given tolerance.

In addition to providing both single and double action movements, the described en bloc fire control group 70 is of exceptionally compact construction permitting use of a minimum number of working parts and a large capacity magazine of, say, fifteen rounds to be loaded in the magazine well 104 of the hand grip 88. Moreover, the pistol 10 can be provided an all steel frame in a large caliber such as a 9 mm or a .45 caliber and yet be of relatively light weight, in the order of thirty-five ounces or less. Due to the provision of the en bloc fire control group 70 of this invention, no need exists for a separate wall defining the magazine well 104 within the hand grip 88. Further cost and weight reductions are achieved by utilizing the forwardmost surface 106 of the fire control housing 72 (extending downwardly along the housing extension to the bottom of the hand grip 88) to define a rear wall of the magazine well 104 when the fire control group 70 is located within the receiver 12.

The en bloc fire control group 70 additionally locks

grip panels

108, 108 in place on the hand grip 88 without any need whatsoever for screws or similar conventional fasteners. Dovetailed channels are formed on opposed edges of the hand grip 88, such as at 110, 112, and along opposed lower hand grip edges as shown at 114 for positioning the

grip panels

108, 108 which then can be simply slid into the dovetailed channels which maintain the grip panels against forward and downward movement. The

grip panels

108, 108 are removably locked in position and limited against rearward movement by outwardly projecting ribs 1 16, 116 on opposed sides of the tubular portion 82 of the housing extension, simply upon positioning the fire control group 70 within the receiver 12. i

For precisely locating the barrel 14 during reciprocation of its slide 16 for continuously reliable high performance operation, a positive barrel guide and stop mechanism 120 is provided of a significantly improved construction particularly suited for quick and easy mass production and free of manufacturing difficulties even though extremely close tolerance requirements are established for precision barrel movement between limit positions.

More specifically, a barrel lug 122 projects downwardly from the enlarged rear barrel portion 22 in a vertical plane, extending through the longitudinal center line of the barrel 14, for limited captured movement between a pair of camming pins 124, 126 operatively fixed to extend laterally in longitudinally spaced relation across the receiver 12. The barrel lug 122 has front and rear abutments 128, 130 of arcuate shape conforming to confronting peripheral surfaces of the front and rear camming pins 124, 126 which are of circular cross section. The rear camming pin 126 is fixed rearwardly of the lug 122 and offset slightly downwardly of the conforming rear lug abutment 130 in its forward barrel position, shown in FIG. 1, in interfering relation to its path of rearward movement.

Upon movement of the slide 16 retracting the barrel 14, the forward camming pin 124 supports a flat contact face 134 on the barrel lug 122 extending between its front abutment 128 and a forwardly and upwardly extending inclined shoulder 136 on the leading face of the barrel lug 122. After the contact face 134 clears the forward pin 124, the rear abutment 130 engages a lower portion of the rear pin 126 which cams the barrel l4 downwardly to an extent limited by full contact engagement between the confronting surfaces of the lug abutment 130 and rear camming pin 126, thereby establishing a lowered rear limit position (FIG. 2) for the barrel 14 in disengaged relation to the slide 16 to permit its continued uninterrupted rearward movement to its rearward limit position for cartridge extraction, ejection and chambering. Accordingly, the rear camming pin 126 not only serves to guide the barrel 14 downwardly to disengage the slide 16, but also assists receiver rails 138 in stopping rearward barrel movement.

The forward camming pin 124 is fixed forwardly of and below the rear pin 126 to provide a relatively large area of intersurface contact with the barrel lug 122 to positively guide and stop the barrel 14 in a raised forward limit position, shown in FIG. 1, in locked engagement with the slide 16.

The forward pin 124 guides the barrel l4 upwardly into reengagement with the slide 16 upon its return forward movement. As the slide 16 moves forwardly, engaging the rear of the barrel 14, the forward pin 124, which is in interfering relation to the path of forward travel of the barrel lug shoulder 136, cams the barrel 14 upwardly in timed relation to the forward movement of the slide 16 to position the enlarged rear barrel portion 22 between slide shoulders 20, 140. Thus, the forward camming pin 124 not only guides forward barrel movement by its engagement with the shoulder 136 and the contact face 134, but also effectively stops forward movement of both the barrel l4 and slide 16 in operative position with the pistol 10 conditioned for the firing of the next live round.

The circular cross-sectional construction of the camming pins 124, 126 enhances their being very accurately and easily positioned in place during a simplified mass production operation virtually free of any manufacturing difficulties while yet meeting critical tolerance requirements. Two precisely located holes are simply drilled in the receiver 12 for placement of the pins, an operation which can be repeatedly performed rapidly and accurately.

In addition to stopping and maintaining the slide 16 with the barrel 14 in its raised forward limit position, the camming pin 124 also may provide additional functions, e.g., as a pivot axis for a slide stop-open latch 142. The forward pin 124 is shown detented in the receiver 12 against undesired lateral and pivotal movement by a spring-biased plunger 144 projecting rearwardly from the hollow guide rod 146 to engage a recessed seat 148 in the pin 124 to continuously bias a rearwardly extending arm 150 of the slide stop-open latch 142 counterclockwise, urging the latch 142 into a lowered position against a bottom surface 152 of a window 154 in the receiver 12. Upon extraction and ejection of the last cartridge, the latch 142 is conventionally actuated by a magazine follower 156 to move the latch 142 upwardly to engage a notched surface 158 in the slide 16 to prevent its return forward movement under empty magazine conditions.

It will be understood that a suitably spring-biased, slide stop-open latch could also be provided on the rear camming pin 126 if desired.

The forward pin 124 additionally may be used to serve as a takedown pin to permit quick and easy disassembly and reassembly of the barrel 14 from the slide 16. An intermediate portion of the pin 124 is shown partially cut away to form a recessed shoulder 160 of about the width of the barrel lug 122. The shoulder 160 would normally face forwardly in operative position. When it is desired to disassemble the slide 16 and barrel 14 from the receiver 12, the latch thumbpiece is simply pulled laterally outwardly to unseat the detent plunger 144, and the arm 150 is rotated to position the recessed shoulder 160 to provide clearance for the barrel lug 122 and permit removal of the barrel l4 and slide 16.

In addition to the multiple functions and advantages provided by the above-described en bloc fire control group 70 and positive barrel guide and stop mechanism 120, the described structure is particularly suited to provide a dependable, high performance, quality pistol 10 which is quickly and easily assembled and manufactured at significant savings of cost and time. Excellent fitting and stabilization of the en bloc fire control group 70 is achieved without close tolerance requirements, while precision placement of the barrel camming pins 124, 126'is readily provided for, free of manufacturing difficulties even in a mass production operation.

As will be apparent to persons skilled in the art, various modifications, adaptations and variations of the foregoing specific disclosure can be made without departing from the teachings of the present invention.

I claim:

1. A pistol comprising a frame, a barrel on the frame, a reciprocable operating slide on the frame for moving the barrel relative to the frame between a forward limit position wherein the barrel is in locked engagement with the slide, and a rear limit position vertically offset from the forward position and wherein the barrel is disengaged from the slide, and a barrel guide and stop mechanism connecting the barrel to the frame and including a lug projecting from the barrel and first and second laterally extending camming pins, the camming pins being of circular cross section and fixed to the frame in the path of movement of the barrel lug and mounted in longitudinally spaced relation in the frame, the first camming pin establishing said forward limit position, the second camming pin establishing said rear limit position and being in parallel and relatively raised rearwardly disposed relation to the first camming pin to position the barrel in relatively lowered relation to its forward limit position, the pins being spaced apart a longitudinal distance greater than the maximum dimension of a depending portion of the lug disposed between the pins to confine the barrel lug for captured movement therebetween.

2. The pistol of claim 1 wherein said first pin is releasably fixed to the frame for disassembly and reassembly of the barrel and slide relative to the frame.

3. The pistol of claim 1 further including a slide stopopen latch connected to one of said first and second camming pins, said one pin providing a pivot axis in the frame supporting the latch for pivotal movement.

4. A pistol comprising a frame, a barrel on the frame, a reciprocable operating slide on the frame for moving the barrel relative to the frame between a forward limit position wherein the barrel is in locked engagement with the slide, and a rear limit position vertically offset from the forward position and wherein the barrel is disengaged from the slide, and a barrel guide and stop mechanism connecting the barrel to the frame and including first and second laterally extending camming pins mounted in longitudinally spaced relation in the frame, the first and second camming pins each serving to guide the barrel between said forward and rear limit positions and maintaining the barrel and frame in cooperative assembly while permitting limited captured movement of the barrel relative to the frame, the barrel guide and stop mechanism further including a lug projecting from the barrel and having front and rear abutments on the barrel lug respectively engageable with the first and second camming pins, the first and second camming pins being of circular cross section and fixed to the frame in the path of movement of the barrel lug, said first pin establishing the forward limit position for the barrel, and said second pin establishing the rear limit position for the barrel in lower vertical relation to its forward limit position, the barrel lug having a generally flat contact surface extending forwardly of the front abutment, and a shoulder extending forwardly of the flat contact surface in inclined continuation therewith, the first pin providing bearing support for the flat contact surface of the barrel lug during reciprocable movement thereof.

5. The pistol of claim 4 wherein the barrel and slide are cooperatively locked in engagement in said forward limit position.

Claims

3. The pistol of claim 1 further including a slide stop-open latch connected to one of said first and second camming pins, said one pin providing a pivot axis in the frame supporting the latch for pivotal movement.