US3705844A - Apparatus for the corona treatment of plastics - Google Patents

Apparatus for the corona treatment of plastics Download PDF

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Publication number
US3705844A
US3705844A US100259A US3705844DA US3705844A US 3705844 A US3705844 A US 3705844A US 100259 A US100259 A US 100259A US 3705844D A US3705844D A US 3705844DA US 3705844 A US3705844 A US 3705844A
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Prior art keywords
voltage
corona treatment
inductance coil
generator
plastics
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US100259A
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Gunter Haas
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Kalle GmbH and Co KG
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Kalle GmbH and Co KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/087—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
    • B01J19/088—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T19/00—Devices providing for corona discharge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/16—Heating by glow discharge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S422/00—Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing
    • Y10S422/907—Corona or glow discharge means

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus for the corona treatment of shaped articles of plastic comprising a circuit including a generator for generating a voltage of appropriate frequency, a high-voltage transformer for producing a suitable operating voltage, a grounded electrode provided with a dielectric, at least one counterelectrode and an inductance coil of variable inductivity.
  • This invention relates to an apparatus for the corona treatment of plastics, which is more eflicient as regards the effective current in the discharge gaps.
  • the corona treatment of shaped articles of plastics, especially in the form of films, has been known for some years.
  • the main purpose of this treatment is to impart certain surface characteristics to the plastic materials.
  • DAS German patent specification
  • 1,159,159 for example, it is known to expose polyethylene film to the influence of a corona discharge and thus make it capable of being printed in a practical manner, which is particularly important for packaging purposes.
  • the apparatus used for the corona treatment normally consists, in principle, of a generator for generating a voltage of appropriate frequency, preferably between 1,000 and 500,000 hertz, and a high-voltage transformer which transforms the generated voltage into a suitable operating voltage of about 6,000 to 100,000 volts.
  • the known devices comprise a treating station containing at least one electrode provided with a dielectric, normally in the form of a roll, and one or more counterelectrodes, normally in the form of oblong bars which may be curved on the surface facing the electrode.
  • a condenser so that the current flowing from the generator and the transformer connected thereto over the electrode consists to a large proportion of capacitative displacement current. Only that part of the current which is converted into heat in the dielectric of the insulating layer and in the treated film is effective and thus can be regarded as pure active current.
  • N is the apparent power [va.]
  • N is the effective power [watts]
  • N is the capacitive wattless power [VAr]
  • the apparent power to be calculated for a material surface that is to be treated depends upon the desired intensity of treatment and upon the surface area to be treated per unit of time.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus which generates the required wattless power without loading the generator therewith.
  • the dimensions of the generator and, if desired, also those of the transformer connected therewith, may be limited to those corresponding to the required eifective power.
  • an apparatus for the corona treatment of shaped articles of plastics, especially films comprising a generator for generating a voltage of appropriate frequency, a high-voltage transformer for producing a suitable operating voltage, a grounded electrode provided with a dielectric, and at least one counter-electrode; an inductance coil of variable inductivity is included in the circuit.
  • the inductivity may be varied within wide limits by varying the air gap. Balancing the inductivity is very simple and is effected by adjusting the current taken from the high-voltage transformer to a minimum value, by varying the inductivity while maintaining the voltage constant. Preferably, the efficiency of the inductance coil is adapted to the level of the maximum apparent power.
  • the inductance coil may be connected either in parallel or in series with the discharge gap.
  • the inductance coil is connected in parallel or in series with the primary winding of the high-voltage transformer.
  • the inductance coil is connected in parallel with the discharge gap, because in this case the transformer may be of smaller size.
  • electrodes and counter-electrodes of different types may be used in the apparatus according to the invention, it was found to be most advantageous in practice when the grounded electrode provided with the dielectric was a roll.
  • the generator may be dimensioned to only 600 va instead of to 6 kva.
  • a generator 1 is fed from the power supply N.
  • the operating voltage is generated by the high-voltage transformer 2 connected to the generator at its outlet end.
  • the inductance coil 4, whose inductivity is variable, is connected in parallel with the discharge gap between the electrode 5 and the counter-electrode 6, which in this case is in the form of a roll.
  • the counter-electrode is provided with a dielectric layer 7. Measuring instruments are interposed in the circuits between the inductance coil-and ground on the one handand thetransformer and ground on the other hand, in order to be able to measure the flows of current, especially when varying the inductivity of the inductance coil 4.
  • V 1 In an apparatus for the corona treatment of shaped articles of plastic comprising a circuit including a generator for generating a voltage of appropriate frequency,
  • a high-voltage transformer for producing a suitable operatiifi voltage, an electrode and a grounded counterelectrode provided with a dielectric
  • the improvement which comprises inductance coil means of variableginductivity connected in parallel with the discharge gap between the electrode and counter-electrode for.

Abstract

THIS INVENTION RELATES TO AN APPARATUS FOR THE CORONA TREATMENT OF SHAPED ARTICLES OF PLASTIC COMPRISING A CIRCUIT INCLUDING A GENERATOR FOR GENERATING A VOLTAGE OF APPROPRIATE FREQUENCY, A HIGH-VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER FOR PRODUCING A SUITABLE OPERATING VOLTAGE, A GROUNDED ELECTRODE PROVIDED WITH A DIELECTRIC, AT LEAST ONE COUNTERELECTRODE AND AN INDUCTANCE COIL OF VARIABLE INDUCTIVITY.

Description

Dec. 12, 1972 G. HAAS 3,705,844
APPAKATUS FOR THE CORONA TREATMENT OF PLASTICS Filed mm. 21. 1970 INVENTOR GUNTER HAAS BY Z W I; ATTORNEY United States Patent 3,705,844 APPARATUS FOR THE CORONA TREATMENT OF PLASTICS Giinter Haas, Wiesbaden-Biebrich, Germany, assignor to Kalle Aktiengesellschaft, Wiesbaden-Biebrich, Germany Filed Dec. 21, 1970, Ser. No. 100,259
Claims priority, application Germany, Dec. 22, 1969,
P 19 64 068.7 Int. Cl. B01k 1/00 U.S. Cl. 204312 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE This invention relates to an apparatus for the corona treatment of shaped articles of plastic comprising a circuit including a generator for generating a voltage of appropriate frequency, a high-voltage transformer for producing a suitable operating voltage, a grounded electrode provided with a dielectric, at least one counterelectrode and an inductance coil of variable inductivity.
This invention relates to an apparatus for the corona treatment of plastics, which is more eflicient as regards the effective current in the discharge gaps.
The corona treatment of shaped articles of plastics, especially in the form of films, has been known for some years. The main purpose of this treatment is to impart certain surface characteristics to the plastic materials. From German patent specification (DAS) 1,159,159, for example, it is known to expose polyethylene film to the influence of a corona discharge and thus make it capable of being printed in a practical manner, which is particularly important for packaging purposes.
The apparatus used for the corona treatment normally consists, in principle, of a generator for generating a voltage of appropriate frequency, preferably between 1,000 and 500,000 hertz, and a high-voltage transformer which transforms the generated voltage into a suitable operating voltage of about 6,000 to 100,000 volts. Further, the known devices comprise a treating station containing at least one electrode provided with a dielectric, normally in the form of a roll, and one or more counterelectrodes, normally in the form of oblong bars which may be curved on the surface facing the electrode. As regards its electrical arrangement, such an apparatus represents a condenser, so that the current flowing from the generator and the transformer connected thereto over the electrode consists to a large proportion of capacitative displacement current. Only that part of the current which is converted into heat in the dielectric of the insulating layer and in the treated film is effective and thus can be regarded as pure active current. i
The known apparatuses have the serious drawback that their performance data must correspond to the full apparent power, in accordance with the following formula [va.] wherein N is the apparent power [va.] N is the effective power [watts] N is the capacitive wattless power [VAr] The apparent power to be calculated for a material surface that is to be treated depends upon the desired intensity of treatment and upon the surface area to be treated per unit of time.
Since the apparent powers acting in the discharge gaps, i.e.; the zones of the corona treatment, may be up to 40 kva., the necessary generators must be adapted to this apparent power. Consequently, the generators are of large size and, therefore, expensive. In addition to their uneconomical utilization of power, it is above all their size which very often causes considerable difficulties, when corona discharge stations are to be installed in existing apparatus of other types.
The present invention provides an apparatus which generates the required wattless power without loading the generator therewith. In this manner, the dimensions of the generator and, if desired, also those of the transformer connected therewith, may be limited to those corresponding to the required eifective power.
According to the present invention, the problem is solved by an apparatus for the corona treatment of shaped articles of plastics, especially films, comprising a generator for generating a voltage of appropriate frequency, a high-voltage transformer for producing a suitable operating voltage, a grounded electrode provided with a dielectric, and at least one counter-electrode; an inductance coil of variable inductivity is included in the circuit.
The inductivity may be varied within wide limits by varying the air gap. Balancing the inductivity is very simple and is effected by adjusting the current taken from the high-voltage transformer to a minimum value, by varying the inductivity while maintaining the voltage constant. Preferably, the efficiency of the inductance coil is adapted to the level of the maximum apparent power.
Several possibilities exist for connecting the inductance coil to the electric circuit. For example, the inductance coil may be connected either in parallel or in series with the discharge gap. In a further embodiment of the apparatus, the inductance coil is connected in parallel or in series with the primary winding of the high-voltage transformer. In the preferred embodiment, however, the inductance coil is connected in parallel with the discharge gap, because in this case the transformer may be of smaller size.
Although electrodes and counter-electrodes of different types may be used in the apparatus according to the invention, it was found to be most advantageous in practice when the grounded electrode provided with the dielectric was a roll.
The invention will be further illustrated by references to the following specific example:
EXAMPLE At a voltage of 10,000 v. and a frequency of 10 kHz., a current of 0.6 amp. flows over the electrodes of a corona discharge station. In this case, the apparent power is 0.6 amp-10,000 v.=6,000 va. Since the discharge station represents a high capacitance, 2. cos p of about 0.1 kap results. This corresponds to an effective power of N =N -cos p=0.16,000=-600 watts, and a capacitive wattless power N =N -sin =6,000-0.995=5,970 VAr. According tothe invention, this capacitive wattless power is generated not by the generator, but by an inductance coil having an apparent power of 6,000 va. In this case, at a capacitive wattless current of 0.597 amp. and an wL=10,000:0.59716,700, the inductance coil would have to be adjusted to L=16,70U221r'10,000= 0.266 henry. In this manner, the generator may be dimensioned to only 600 va instead of to 6 kva.
The accompanying drawing shows a diagrammatic representation of an apparatus according to the invention; the invention is not limited to the embodiment shown.
A generator 1 is fed from the power supply N. The operating voltage is generated by the high-voltage transformer 2 connected to the generator at its outlet end. The inductance coil 4, whose inductivity is variable, is connected in parallel with the discharge gap between the electrode 5 and the counter-electrode 6, which in this case is in the form of a roll. The counter-electrode is provided with a dielectric layer 7. Measuring instruments are interposed in the circuits between the inductance coil-and ground on the one handand thetransformer and ground on the other hand, in order to be able to measure the flows of current, especially when varying the inductivity of the inductance coil 4.
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that many modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit thereof, and
the invention includes all such modifications. v
What is claimed is: V 1. In an apparatus for the corona treatment of shaped articles of plastic comprising a circuit including a generator for generating a voltage of appropriate frequency,
a high-voltage transformer for producing a suitable operatiifi voltage, an electrode and a grounded counterelectrode provided with a dielectric, the improvement which comprises inductance coil means of variableginductivity connected in parallel with the discharge gap between the electrode and counter-electrode for. producing References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS v 7 2,864,756 12/1958 Rothacker 204-3l2 X JOHN H. MACK, Primary Examiner v I T. TUFARIELLO Assistant Examiner
US100259A 1969-12-22 1970-12-21 Apparatus for the corona treatment of plastics Expired - Lifetime US3705844A (en)

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DE19691964068 DE1964068A1 (en) 1969-12-22 1969-12-22 Device for corona treatment of plastics

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US3705844A true US3705844A (en) 1972-12-12

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US (1) US3705844A (en)
AT (1) AT307035B (en)
BE (1) BE760646A (en)
CA (1) CA921974A (en)
CH (1) CH520576A (en)
DE (1) DE1964068A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2074128A5 (en)
GB (1) GB1331997A (en)
NL (1) NL7018117A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5686050A (en) * 1992-10-09 1997-11-11 The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation Method and apparatus for the electrostatic charging of a web or film
US5895558A (en) * 1995-06-19 1999-04-20 The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation Discharge methods and electrodes for generating plasmas at one atmosphere of pressure, and materials treated therewith
US5925238A (en) * 1997-05-09 1999-07-20 Ifp North America Catalytic multi-stage hydrodesulfurization of metals-containing petroleum residua with cascading of rejuvenated catalyst
WO1999039989A1 (en) 1998-02-09 1999-08-12 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Cold seal package and method for making the same
US5955174A (en) * 1995-03-28 1999-09-21 The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation Composite of pleated and nonwoven webs

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5686050A (en) * 1992-10-09 1997-11-11 The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation Method and apparatus for the electrostatic charging of a web or film
US5955174A (en) * 1995-03-28 1999-09-21 The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation Composite of pleated and nonwoven webs
US5895558A (en) * 1995-06-19 1999-04-20 The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation Discharge methods and electrodes for generating plasmas at one atmosphere of pressure, and materials treated therewith
US6059935A (en) * 1995-06-19 2000-05-09 The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation Discharge method and apparatus for generating plasmas
US6416633B1 (en) 1995-06-19 2002-07-09 The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation Resonant excitation method and apparatus for generating plasmas
US5925238A (en) * 1997-05-09 1999-07-20 Ifp North America Catalytic multi-stage hydrodesulfurization of metals-containing petroleum residua with cascading of rejuvenated catalyst
WO1999039989A1 (en) 1998-02-09 1999-08-12 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Cold seal package and method for making the same
US6099682A (en) * 1998-02-09 2000-08-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Corporation Of Delaware Cold seal package and method for making the same
US6290801B1 (en) 1998-02-09 2001-09-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Cold seal package and method for making the same
US6436499B1 (en) 1998-02-09 2002-08-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Cold seal package and method for making the same

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Publication number Publication date
BE760646A (en) 1971-06-21
GB1331997A (en) 1973-09-26
FR2074128A5 (en) 1971-10-01
AT307035B (en) 1973-05-10
DE1964068A1 (en) 1971-06-24
CH520576A (en) 1972-03-31
NL7018117A (en) 1971-06-24
CA921974A (en) 1973-02-27

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