US3582790A - Hybrid coupler receiver for lossless signal combination - Google Patents
Hybrid coupler receiver for lossless signal combination Download PDFInfo
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- US3582790A US3582790A US829966A US3582790DA US3582790A US 3582790 A US3582790 A US 3582790A US 829966 A US829966 A US 829966A US 3582790D A US3582790D A US 3582790DA US 3582790 A US3582790 A US 3582790A
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- hybrid coupler
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/084—Equal gain combining, only phase adjustments
Definitions
- the apparatus employs hybrid couplers to [50] Field of Search 325/ 365 obtain certain intermediate signals and phase shifters to obtain PATENTED JUN 1 I97! 3582190 F I I 1 A TERMNATION JOHN P CURTIS BY ATTORNEYS HYBRID COUPLER RECEIVER FOR LOSSlLlESS SIGNAL COMBINATION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In various situations it is desired to combine into a single signal, the available power of a pair of coherent signals which have arbitrary phase and amplitude relationships.
- each antenna element will provide a signal containing a portion of the total energy abstracted from the wave.
- a favorable signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained if the power which is initially divided between the two signals can be efficiently consolidated in a single signal.
- the amplitude and phase relationships of the two signals will depend on the polarization characteristics and the angle of incidence of the impinging radio frequency wave and thus will be essentially arbitrary.
- apparatus is operative to efficiently combine a pair of input signals which are of the same frequency but which are of arbitrary amplitude and phase relationship.
- the apparatus includes a first phase shifter which shifts the phase of one of the input signals to bring the one into quadrature relationship with the other.
- the quadrature related signals are combined in a first hybrid coupler thereby to obtain pair of equal amplitude signals.
- the phase of one of the equal amplitude signals is then shifted by a second phase shifter to bring the one equal amplitude signal into phase with the other.
- the inphase equal amplitude signals are then combined in a second hybrid coupler thereby to provide a single output signal which is substantially equal in power to the sum of the powers of the two input signals.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a signal processor of this invention
- FIG. 2 is a series of phasor diagrams representing the phase relationships of various pairs of signals occurring in the apparatus of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a signal processor of this invention employing servo control of various phase shifting elements incorporated therein.
- phase shifter 17 may be constituted by an adjustable delay line or a variable .ferrite phase shifter as is known in the art. As is understood,
- Such components can be constructed so as to be essentially lossless.
- Hybrid coupler 15 is operative, when connected to matched source and load impedances, to provide a pair of output signals one of which is proportional to the complex sum of the input signals applied to the hybrid coupler and the other of which is proportional to the complex difference of the input signals applied to the hybrid coupler.
- the sum output is in dicated at E and the difference output is indicated at A.
- such a coupler is essentially lossless and is reciprocal, that is, the outputs can function as the inputs with the inputs then acting as outputs.
- the sum output signal from the hybrid coupler 15 is ap plied, through a reciprocal phase shifter 19 which provides an adjustable amount of phase shift or signal delay, to one of the inputs of a second hybrid coupler 21.
- the difference signal from hybrid coupler 15 is applied directly to the other input of the hybrid coupler 21.
- the sum output signal from hybrid coupler 21 is applied to an output terminal 23 which is adapted to be connected to a suitable utilization device, e.g. a receiver which presents a load impedance which is matched to the source impedance of the antenna elements 11 and 13.
- a suitable utilization device e.g. a receiver which presents a load impedance which is matched to the source impedance of the antenna elements 11 and 13.
- the difference output signal from the hybrid coupler 21 is applied to an appropriate termination as indicated at 25, the impedance of termination 25 being likewise matched to the source impedance of the antenna elements 11 and 13.
- the operation of the apparatus of FIG. 1 may be understood with reference to the phasor diagrams of FIG. 2. It is assumed that the antenna elements 11 and 13 provide signals having arbitrary amplitude and phase relationships as represented at I in FIG. 2. The phase shifter 17 is adjusted so that the signal from antenna element 13 is brought into quadrature with the signal from the antenna element 11 as represented at II.
- the complex sum and difference signals provided by the hybrid coupler 15 will be complex conjugates of one another when the input signals applied to the coupler are in quadrature. Such complex conjugates are represented at III in FIG. 2. As is also understood, these signals are of equal absolute amplitude.
- the phase shifter 19 is adjusted so that the sum signal provided by hybrid coupler 15 is brought into phase with the difference signal as represented at IV. Given a pair of inphase equal amplitude signals, the hybrid coupler 21 combines these signals so that the sum output signal contains substantially twice the power present in either of the respective input signals while the difference signal is substantially equal to zero. Since the components of the apparatus of FIG. 1 are essentially lossless and no power is dissipated in the termination 25, it can be seen that the single output signal is substantially equal in power to the sum of the powers of the two original input signals, i.e. the signals provided by the antenna elements 11 and 13.
- each of the elements comprising the apparatus of FIG. 1 is essentially lossless and is reciprocal, it can be seen that the overall system is also essentially lossless and reciprocal.
- a RF signal source such as a'transmitter
- phase shifters 17 and 19 can be automatically adjusted by respective servo controls as illustrated in FIG. 3. From the phasor diagrams of FIG. 2, it can be seen that small variations in the adjustment of phase shifter 19 will cause a correspondingly small signal component to appear at the difference output of hybrid coupler 21 and that this signal component will be substantially in quadrature with the sum signal provided to the output terminal 23. As the polarity or phase of this quadrature difference component will reverse as the sense or direction of deviation of setting of the phase shifter 19 varies from the desired setting, it will be seen by those skilled in the art that the amplitude of this quadrature component is aplitiste for use as an error signal in controlling the setting of phase shifter 19.
- this quadrature difference component is detected by a quadrature synchronous demodulator 31 which is synchronized or timed by the sum signal from hybrid 21.
- the detected component then drives a conventional servomechanism as indicated at 33 which controls the setting of phase shifter 19 in a sense tending to minimize the quadrature difference component.
- this inphase component of the difference from hybrid coupler 21 is synchronously demodulated as indicated at 37 and the detected inphase difference component is employed as an error signal to control a servomechanism 39 which adjusts the phase shifter 17 in a sense tending to minimize the inphase component.
- this outer feedback servo control loop will automatically maintain the setting of phase shifter 17 at the desired point so long as the inner servocontrol loop maintains the phase shifter 19 at the desired setting.
- the quadrature and inphase components detected by demodulators 31 and 37 respectively could also be applied to visual indicators which would then serve to facilitate manual adjustment of the phase shifters 17 and 19.
- phase shifters l7 and 18 which produce a maximum sum output and a minimum difference output from hybrid coupler 21 provide information from which the amplitude and phase relationships of the input' signals and thus the desired polarization characteristics may be determined.
- Apparatus for efficiently combining a pair of input signals which are of the same frequency and have arbitrary amplitude and phase relationships comprising:
- a first adjustable phase shifter for shifting the phase of one of said input signals
- a first hybrid coupler for combining the phase shifted signal and the other input signal thereby to provide a pair of intermediate signals
- a second adjustable phase shifter for shifting the phase of one of said intermediate signals
- a second hybrid coupler for combining the phase shifted intermediate signal and the other intermediate signal thereby to provide a sum output signal and a difference output signal
Abstract
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US82996669A | 1969-06-03 | 1969-06-03 |
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US3582790A true US3582790A (en) | 1971-06-01 |
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US829966A Expired - Lifetime US3582790A (en) | 1969-06-03 | 1969-06-03 | Hybrid coupler receiver for lossless signal combination |
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Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4153886A (en) * | 1978-02-17 | 1979-05-08 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Ninety degree phase stepper |
US4153994A (en) * | 1978-02-17 | 1979-05-15 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Ninety degree phase stepper |
US4160952A (en) * | 1978-05-12 | 1979-07-10 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Space diversity receiver with combined step and continuous phase control |
US4232399A (en) * | 1978-10-05 | 1980-11-04 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Continuously variable phase shift network |
US4320535A (en) * | 1979-10-03 | 1982-03-16 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Adaptive interference suppression arrangement |
US4499471A (en) * | 1983-05-02 | 1985-02-12 | Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation | Reconfigurable dual mode network |
US4503434A (en) * | 1983-05-02 | 1985-03-05 | Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation | Lossless arbitrary output dual mode network |
WO1986005050A1 (en) * | 1985-02-26 | 1986-08-28 | Signatron, Inc. | Spread spectrum adaptive antenna interference canceller |
US4755760A (en) * | 1986-01-10 | 1988-07-05 | C.G.R. Mev | Device for combining two alternating signals of the same frequency |
US4951013A (en) * | 1988-06-03 | 1990-08-21 | General Signal Corporation | Phase shift controlled broadcast switching system |
US5036331A (en) * | 1989-09-18 | 1991-07-30 | The Boeing Company | Adaptive polarization combiner |
WO1996025836A1 (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1996-08-22 | Intraop Medical, Inc. | Microwave power control apparatus for linear accelerator |
Citations (7)
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US3036301A (en) * | 1952-12-05 | 1962-05-22 | Raytheon Co | Communication systems |
US3174104A (en) * | 1960-09-30 | 1965-03-16 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Electric signal combining arrangements |
US3176297A (en) * | 1962-11-08 | 1965-03-30 | Sperry Rand Corp | Antenna systems |
US3295134A (en) * | 1965-11-12 | 1966-12-27 | Sanders Associates Inc | Antenna system for radiating directional patterns |
US3329897A (en) * | 1965-08-05 | 1967-07-04 | Honeywell Inc | Switching control apparatus for transceiver with linear phased array |
US3478269A (en) * | 1964-11-04 | 1969-11-11 | Continental Electronics Mfg | Directional antenna signal combining arrangement and phase shifters therefor |
US3517317A (en) * | 1966-05-02 | 1970-06-23 | Gerard Sire | Multi-source signal coupling system using hybrid junctions to compensate for source amplitude unbalance |
-
1969
- 1969-06-03 US US829966A patent/US3582790A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3036301A (en) * | 1952-12-05 | 1962-05-22 | Raytheon Co | Communication systems |
US3174104A (en) * | 1960-09-30 | 1965-03-16 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Electric signal combining arrangements |
US3176297A (en) * | 1962-11-08 | 1965-03-30 | Sperry Rand Corp | Antenna systems |
US3478269A (en) * | 1964-11-04 | 1969-11-11 | Continental Electronics Mfg | Directional antenna signal combining arrangement and phase shifters therefor |
US3329897A (en) * | 1965-08-05 | 1967-07-04 | Honeywell Inc | Switching control apparatus for transceiver with linear phased array |
US3295134A (en) * | 1965-11-12 | 1966-12-27 | Sanders Associates Inc | Antenna system for radiating directional patterns |
US3517317A (en) * | 1966-05-02 | 1970-06-23 | Gerard Sire | Multi-source signal coupling system using hybrid junctions to compensate for source amplitude unbalance |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4153886A (en) * | 1978-02-17 | 1979-05-08 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Ninety degree phase stepper |
US4153994A (en) * | 1978-02-17 | 1979-05-15 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Ninety degree phase stepper |
US4160952A (en) * | 1978-05-12 | 1979-07-10 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Space diversity receiver with combined step and continuous phase control |
DE2918857A1 (en) * | 1978-05-12 | 1979-11-22 | Western Electric Co | SIGNAL COMBINATION |
US4232399A (en) * | 1978-10-05 | 1980-11-04 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Continuously variable phase shift network |
US4320535A (en) * | 1979-10-03 | 1982-03-16 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Adaptive interference suppression arrangement |
US4499471A (en) * | 1983-05-02 | 1985-02-12 | Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation | Reconfigurable dual mode network |
US4503434A (en) * | 1983-05-02 | 1985-03-05 | Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation | Lossless arbitrary output dual mode network |
WO1986005050A1 (en) * | 1985-02-26 | 1986-08-28 | Signatron, Inc. | Spread spectrum adaptive antenna interference canceller |
US4670885A (en) * | 1985-02-26 | 1987-06-02 | Signatron, Inc. | Spread spectrum adaptive antenna interference canceller |
US4755760A (en) * | 1986-01-10 | 1988-07-05 | C.G.R. Mev | Device for combining two alternating signals of the same frequency |
US4951013A (en) * | 1988-06-03 | 1990-08-21 | General Signal Corporation | Phase shift controlled broadcast switching system |
US5036331A (en) * | 1989-09-18 | 1991-07-30 | The Boeing Company | Adaptive polarization combiner |
WO1996025836A1 (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1996-08-22 | Intraop Medical, Inc. | Microwave power control apparatus for linear accelerator |
US5661377A (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1997-08-26 | Intraop Medical, Inc. | Microwave power control apparatus for linear accelerator using hybrid junctions |
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Owner name: A-R ELECTRONICS CO., INC., 1380 MAIN STREET, WALTH Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ADAMS-RUSSELL CO., INC., A CORP. OF MA.;REEL/FRAME:004610/0289 Effective date: 19860818 Owner name: A-R ELECTRONICS CO., INC., 1380 MAIN STREET, WALTH Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ADAMS-RUSSELL CO., INC., A CORP. OF MA.;REEL/FRAME:004610/0289 Effective date: 19860818 |
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Owner name: ADAMS-RUSSELL ELECTRONICS CO., INC., 1380 MAIN ST. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ADAMS-RUSSELL ELECTRONICS CO., INC.;REEL/FRAME:005142/0489 Effective date: 19890327 |
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Owner name: ADAMS-RUSSELL, INC., A CORP. OF MA. Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:ADAMS-RUSSELL ELECTRONICS CO., INC., A CORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:005381/0930 Effective date: 19890128 |
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Owner name: M/A-COM ADAMS-RUSSELL, INC., MASSACHUSETTS Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:M/A-COM ACQUISITION CORP.;REEL/FRAME:006353/0353 Effective date: 19900927 Owner name: M/A-COM ACQUISITION CORP., MASSACHUSETTS Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:ADAMS-RUSSELL, INC.;REEL/FRAME:006353/0345 Effective date: 19900927 |
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Owner name: M/A-COM, INC., MASSACHUSETTS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:M/A-COM ADAMS-RUSSELL, INC.;REEL/FRAME:006389/0711 Effective date: 19920627 |