US3511983A - Lighting device for dental and surgical procedures - Google Patents

Lighting device for dental and surgical procedures Download PDF

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US3511983A
US3511983A US629663A US3511983DA US3511983A US 3511983 A US3511983 A US 3511983A US 629663 A US629663 A US 629663A US 3511983D A US3511983D A US 3511983DA US 3511983 A US3511983 A US 3511983A
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reflector
light
flutes
focus
filament
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US629663A
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William H Dorman
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Corning Glass Works
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/04—Optical design
    • F21V7/08—Optical design with elliptical curvature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/04—Optical design
    • F21V7/09—Optical design with a combination of different curvatures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/20—Lighting for medical use
    • F21W2131/202—Lighting for medical use for dentistry

Definitions

  • a lighting device for illuminating the oral cavity during dental and surgical procedures having a reflector in the basic form of a portion of an ellipsoid of revolution and a light source located at a focus of the ellipsoid and elongated along the axis of revolution of the ellipsoid.
  • the basic ellipsoidal shape of the reflector is modified by the superimposition thereupon of a large number of contiguous polygonal flutes having reflecting surfaces in the form of portions of circular cylinders.
  • This invention relates to lighting devices of the type generally used by dentists for illuminating the oral cavity of a patient during the performance of dental or surgical procedures.
  • Such devices are generally constructed with reflectors in the form of portions of ellipsoids of revolution, i.e., surfaces formed by revolving an ellipse about its major axis.
  • a light source is located on the axis of the ellipsoid at one focus thereof, while the device is oriented such that the oral cavity of the patient is in the vicinity of the conjugate focus. It has been customary to employ in such devices light sources having filaments elongated in directions transverse to the axis of the reflector. Due to the transverse extent of the filament, a light pattern of sufficient width has been formed in the area of the conjugate focus.
  • the illuminated pattern produced at the conjugate focus of a reflector by an axially oriented filament is substantially less than that produced by a transversely oriented filament. It is, therefore, necessary to modify the basic ellipsoidal shape of the reflector when such reflector is used with an axially oriented filament.
  • a dental lighting device having a reflector of the common ellipsoidal configuration, but having superimposed thereupon a configuration which permits light emanating from .an axially oriented filament at the principal focus of the reflector to be spread by an amount sufficient to illuminate a useful area at the conjugate focus of the reflector.
  • a dental lighting device of the conventional type is provided with an axially oriented filamentary light source.
  • the basic ellipsoidal configuration of the reflector is modified by the superimposition thereon of a plurality of polygonal flutes, each flute having a surface in the form of a portion of a cylinder, the axis of the cylindrical surface being in a vertical plane generally parallel to the major axis of the ellipsoid.
  • FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a dental lighting device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 22 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view showing the cylindrical flutes employed on the reflector of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to that of FIG. 3 illustrating an alternative flute configuration.
  • FIG. 5 is a front elevational view of an alternative form of flute.
  • the lighting device of the invention comprises a glass reflector 10 in the form of a portion of an ellipsoid of revolution.
  • the ellipsoid is formed by rotating an ellipse about its major axis, indicated by broken line AA in FIG. 2 of the drawing.
  • Axis AA passes through principal focus B and conjugate focus C of the ellipse.
  • principal focus refers to the focus nearer the reflector.
  • a light source 12 has its filament 14 elongated along axis AA and located with its center generally at principal focus B.
  • a reflective coating 16 covers the inner surface of reflector 10.
  • Another reflective coating 18 covers the outer surface of the outer end of light source 12 in order to prevent the escape of light rays directly from the light without reflection by the reflector.
  • the end of the light source is preferably in the form of a portion of a sphere having its center in the vicinity of the center of filament 14, such that reflective coating 18 directs light back past the filament and against reflective coating 16.
  • filament 14 Since filament 14 is located at the principal focus of the ellipsoidal reflector surface, light emitted therefrom is reflected by the reflector in the general direction of conjugate focus C. If the filament were a point, all the light falling directly upon the reflector would be reflected precisely through point C. However, since the filament has a finite length and width, only a small part of the light emitted therefrom can be considered to emanate precisely from the principal focus. Accordingly, only a small amount of light is reflected precisely through the conjugate focus, all remaining light being directed around the conjugate focus in a pattern which is dependent upon the shape and orientation of the filament.
  • this pattern, or source spread, from an ellipsoidal reflector may be suflicient to provide illumination of the oral cavity.
  • the average angle subtended at the reflector surface by light rays originating at each end of the filament and falling on a point on the reflector is substantially less than the average such angle produced by a transversely oriented filament. That is, when viewed from points on the reflector surface, the average angular extent of the filament is less for an axially oriented filament than for a transversely oriented filament.
  • the basic ellipsoidal configuration of the reflector is modified according to the present invention by the superimposition thereon of a large number of flutes 20 in the form of portions of circular cylinders.
  • the lighting device is oriented such that the axes of the cylindrical surfaces are in vertical planes which are generally parallel to axis AA, that is, the axes of the cylindrical surfaces are in planes which are parallel to one another. Accordingly, the horizontal curvature of the flutes causes light reflected thereby to be spread horizontally. Since the flutes are substantially flat in vertical cross-section, the vertical extent of the pattern of light at the conjugate focus resulting from source spread is greater than that which would be produced by the basic ellipsoidal reflector, which is concave in vertical cross-section.
  • the reflector is elongated in the horizontal direction, i.e., its width is greater than its height, the flutes near the peripheries of the lateral edges of the reflector are farther from the light source than are the flutes near the upper and lower peripheries of the reflector. Since source spread is greater for light reflected from areas on the reflector near the light source than for light reflected at more remote areas on the reflector, in an alternative embodiment of the invention, due to the fact that greater spreading power is required at greater distances from the light source, the curvatures of the cylindrical flutes may increase with increasing distance from the light source.
  • flutes 20 have been illustrated as being convex, they may alternatively be made in the form of concave cylindrical surfaces, in which case light rays striking the flutes will be reflected in a manner so as to cross one another and subsequently diverge, producing the necessary spread. Such alternative configuration is illustrated by flutes 22 of FIG. 4. Similarly, the polygonal shape of the cylindrical surfaces need not be square as illustrated in the preferred embodiment, but may be of other forms, such as hexagonal flutes 24, illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • Reflecting coatings 16 and 18 may be any conventional silver or aluminum coatings; however, it has been found that a vacuum deposited coating having the ability to transmit infrared radiation while reflecting visible light is particularly advantageous when applied to the reflector flutes.
  • coating 16 may be a standard dichroic coating such as the cold mirror coating obtainable from Optical Coating Laboratories, Inc.
  • reflector may be an end portion of an ellipsoid of revolution having its principal focus approximately 2.27 inches from the reflector when measured along the axis thereof.
  • the height of the reflector may be 8 inches and the width 9 inches.
  • Filament 14, which has its center at the principal focus may extend along the axis of the reflector by approximately 0.375 inch.
  • Flutes 20 may be square in plan view and approximately 0.4 inch on each side and may have a radius of curvature of approximately 2.5 inches.
  • the eccentricity of the ellipse is such that the conjugate focus is separated from the principal focus by approximately 36.6 inches. An illuminated area approximately 3.5 by 9 inches will result.
  • a lighting device useful for illuminating the oral cavity during dental and surgical procedures comprising:
  • a concave reflector comprising a glass body having a surface in the general form of a portion of an ellip soid of revolution about an axis
  • said reflector being located on said axis and extending transversely therefrom
  • each said row having a plurality of flutes with each flute having a reflecting surface in the form of a portion of a circular cylinder, whose axis generally lies Within a common plane with an axis of an adjacent cylinder, taking into consideration the curvature of the reflector,
  • said rows of circular cylinders having a plurality of contiguous axes lying in vertical planes generally parallel to said axis of revolution
  • a concave reflecting shield disposed in the vicinity of said light source between said light source and the conjugate focus of said ellipsoidal surface so as to direct toward said reflector light from said light source which would not otherwise fall thereupon.
  • a lighting device comprising:
  • a concave reflector in the general form of a portion of an ellipsoid of revolution about an axis, said reflector being located generally on said axis and extending transversely therefrom,
  • each said flute having a concave reflecting surface in the form of a portion of a cylinder, each row of flutes having a lurality of said cylinders lying end to end with axes of adjacent cylinders being contiguous, adjacent end portions of said cylinders abutting one another to form continuous reflecting surface portions along the vertical extent of said concave surface, the cylinders in each row of flutes having axes lying in lanes generally parallel to such axes in an adjacent row, and
  • a light source located longitudinally along said axis of revolution at the focus of said ellipsoid of revolution nearer said reflector, such that light emitted by said light source and reflected by said reflector is directed by said reflector in the general direction of the conjugate focus of said reflector to form a transversely extending pattern of light.

Description

May 12, 1970 w. H. DORMAN 3,511,983
LIGHTING DEVICE FOR DENTAL AND SURGICAL PROCEDURES Filed April 10, 1967 11 Fig. j
Q I INVENTOR. 5 i f WILLlAM H. DORMAN I -BY WM D. 2 0% F /g. 5
AGENT 3,511,983 LIGHTING DEVICE FOR DENTAL AND SURGICAL PROCEDURES William H. Dorman, Corning, N.Y., assignor to Corning Glass Works, Corning, N.Y., a corporation of New York Filed Apr. 10, 1967, Ser. No. 629,663 Int. Cl. A61b 1/06; F21b 7/08, 7/09 US. Cl. 24041.15 2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A lighting device for illuminating the oral cavity during dental and surgical procedures, the device having a reflector in the basic form of a portion of an ellipsoid of revolution and a light source located at a focus of the ellipsoid and elongated along the axis of revolution of the ellipsoid. The basic ellipsoidal shape of the reflector is modified by the superimposition thereupon of a large number of contiguous polygonal flutes having reflecting surfaces in the form of portions of circular cylinders.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to lighting devices of the type generally used by dentists for illuminating the oral cavity of a patient during the performance of dental or surgical procedures. Such devices are generally constructed with reflectors in the form of portions of ellipsoids of revolution, i.e., surfaces formed by revolving an ellipse about its major axis. A light source is located on the axis of the ellipsoid at one focus thereof, while the device is oriented such that the oral cavity of the patient is in the vicinity of the conjugate focus. It has been customary to employ in such devices light sources having filaments elongated in directions transverse to the axis of the reflector. Due to the transverse extent of the filament, a light pattern of sufficient width has been formed in the area of the conjugate focus.
Inasmuch as a light filament which is elongated in an axial direction with respect to a reflector extends only a small distance in transverse directions, the illuminated pattern produced at the conjugate focus of a reflector by an axially oriented filament is substantially less than that produced by a transversely oriented filament. It is, therefore, necessary to modify the basic ellipsoidal shape of the reflector when such reflector is used with an axially oriented filament. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a dental lighting device having a reflector of the common ellipsoidal configuration, but having superimposed thereupon a configuration which permits light emanating from .an axially oriented filament at the principal focus of the reflector to be spread by an amount sufficient to illuminate a useful area at the conjugate focus of the reflector.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the invention, a dental lighting device of the conventional type is provided with an axially oriented filamentary light source. In order to form a light pattern of useful dimensions at the conjugate focus of the reflector, the basic ellipsoidal configuration of the reflector is modified by the superimposition thereon of a plurality of polygonal flutes, each flute having a surface in the form of a portion of a cylinder, the axis of the cylindrical surface being in a vertical plane generally parallel to the major axis of the ellipsoid. Due to the horizontal curvature of the flutes, light emanating from the unit is spread horizontally by an amount greater than the vertical spread of the light, thereby providing a horizon- Patented May 12, 1970 tally elongated pattern of illumination at the conjugate focus of the reflector.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a dental lighting device according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 22 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view showing the cylindrical flutes employed on the reflector of FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 4 is a view similar to that of FIG. 3 illustrating an alternative flute configuration.
FIG. 5 is a front elevational view of an alternative form of flute.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In its preferred embodiment, the lighting device of the invention comprises a glass reflector 10 in the form of a portion of an ellipsoid of revolution. The ellipsoid is formed by rotating an ellipse about its major axis, indicated by broken line AA in FIG. 2 of the drawing. Axis AA passes through principal focus B and conjugate focus C of the ellipse. As used herein the term principal focus refers to the focus nearer the reflector. A light source 12 has its filament 14 elongated along axis AA and located with its center generally at principal focus B. A reflective coating 16 covers the inner surface of reflector 10. Another reflective coating 18 covers the outer surface of the outer end of light source 12 in order to prevent the escape of light rays directly from the light without reflection by the reflector. The end of the light source is preferably in the form of a portion of a sphere having its center in the vicinity of the center of filament 14, such that reflective coating 18 directs light back past the filament and against reflective coating 16.
Since filament 14 is located at the principal focus of the ellipsoidal reflector surface, light emitted therefrom is reflected by the reflector in the general direction of conjugate focus C. If the filament were a point, all the light falling directly upon the reflector would be reflected precisely through point C. However, since the filament has a finite length and width, only a small part of the light emitted therefrom can be considered to emanate precisely from the principal focus. Accordingly, only a small amount of light is reflected precisely through the conjugate focus, all remaining light being directed around the conjugate focus in a pattern which is dependent upon the shape and orientation of the filament. When a transversely oriented filament is used, this pattern, or source spread, from an ellipsoidal reflector may be suflicient to provide illumination of the oral cavity. However, when an axially oriented filament is used, the average angle subtended at the reflector surface by light rays originating at each end of the filament and falling on a point on the reflector is substantially less than the average such angle produced by a transversely oriented filament. That is, when viewed from points on the reflector surface, the average angular extent of the filament is less for an axially oriented filament than for a transversely oriented filament. Accordingly, in order to increase the dimensions of the light pattern produced at the conjugate focus by an axially oriented filament, the basic ellipsoidal configuration of the reflector is modified according to the present invention by the superimposition thereon of a large number of flutes 20 in the form of portions of circular cylinders. The lighting device is oriented such that the axes of the cylindrical surfaces are in vertical planes which are generally parallel to axis AA, that is, the axes of the cylindrical surfaces are in planes which are parallel to one another. Accordingly, the horizontal curvature of the flutes causes light reflected thereby to be spread horizontally. Since the flutes are substantially flat in vertical cross-section, the vertical extent of the pattern of light at the conjugate focus resulting from source spread is greater than that which would be produced by the basic ellipsoidal reflector, which is concave in vertical cross-section.
Due to the fact that the reflector is elongated in the horizontal direction, i.e., its width is greater than its height, the flutes near the peripheries of the lateral edges of the reflector are farther from the light source than are the flutes near the upper and lower peripheries of the reflector. Since source spread is greater for light reflected from areas on the reflector near the light source than for light reflected at more remote areas on the reflector, in an alternative embodiment of the invention, due to the fact that greater spreading power is required at greater distances from the light source, the curvatures of the cylindrical flutes may increase with increasing distance from the light source.
Although flutes 20 have been illustrated as being convex, they may alternatively be made in the form of concave cylindrical surfaces, in which case light rays striking the flutes will be reflected in a manner so as to cross one another and subsequently diverge, producing the necessary spread. Such alternative configuration is illustrated by flutes 22 of FIG. 4. Similarly, the polygonal shape of the cylindrical surfaces need not be square as illustrated in the preferred embodiment, but may be of other forms, such as hexagonal flutes 24, illustrated in FIG. 5.
Reflecting coatings 16 and 18 may be any conventional silver or aluminum coatings; however, it has been found that a vacuum deposited coating having the ability to transmit infrared radiation while reflecting visible light is particularly advantageous when applied to the reflector flutes. Thus, coating 16 may be a standard dichroic coating such as the cold mirror coating obtainable from Optical Coating Laboratories, Inc.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, reflector may be an end portion of an ellipsoid of revolution having its principal focus approximately 2.27 inches from the reflector when measured along the axis thereof. The height of the reflector may be 8 inches and the width 9 inches. Filament 14, which has its center at the principal focus may extend along the axis of the reflector by approximately 0.375 inch. Flutes 20 may be square in plan view and approximately 0.4 inch on each side and may have a radius of curvature of approximately 2.5 inches. The eccentricity of the ellipse is such that the conjugate focus is separated from the principal focus by approximately 36.6 inches. An illuminated area approximately 3.5 by 9 inches will result.
The foregoing description has been provided solely as that of preferred embodiments of the invention. Accordingly, it is recognized that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
I claim:
1. A lighting device useful for illuminating the oral cavity during dental and surgical procedures, said device comprising:
a concave reflector comprising a glass body having a surface in the general form of a portion of an ellip soid of revolution about an axis,
said reflector being located on said axis and extending transversely therefrom,
a plurality of rows of polygonal flutes superimposed on the concave surface of said reflector,
each said row having a plurality of flutes with each flute having a reflecting surface in the form of a portion of a circular cylinder, whose axis generally lies Within a common plane with an axis of an adjacent cylinder, taking into consideration the curvature of the reflector,
said rows of circular cylinders having a plurality of contiguous axes lying in vertical planes generally parallel to said axis of revolution,
a light source elongated along said axis of revolution at the focus of said ellipsoid of revolution nearer said reflector, and
a concave reflecting shield disposed in the vicinity of said light source between said light source and the conjugate focus of said ellipsoidal surface so as to direct toward said reflector light from said light source which would not otherwise fall thereupon.
2. A lighting device comprising:
a concave reflector in the general form of a portion of an ellipsoid of revolution about an axis, said reflector being located generally on said axis and extending transversely therefrom,
a plurality of rows of flutes superimposed upon the concave surface of said reflector, each said flute having a concave reflecting surface in the form of a portion of a cylinder, each row of flutes having a lurality of said cylinders lying end to end with axes of adjacent cylinders being contiguous, adjacent end portions of said cylinders abutting one another to form continuous reflecting surface portions along the vertical extent of said concave surface, the cylinders in each row of flutes having axes lying in lanes generally parallel to such axes in an adjacent row, and
a light source located longitudinally along said axis of revolution at the focus of said ellipsoid of revolution nearer said reflector, such that light emitted by said light source and reflected by said reflector is directed by said reflector in the general direction of the conjugate focus of said reflector to form a transversely extending pattern of light.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,059,033 10/1936 Rivier 24041.35 2,060,588 11/1936 Ogden 240 41.35 2,294,007 8/ 1942 Trautner 2404l.35
387,430 8/ 1888 Marshall 240103 1,535,985 4/1925 Clark 240-4136 2,437,516 3/1948 Greppin 240l03 XR 2,540,577 2/ 1951 Greppin 2401.4 XR 3,255,342 6/1966 Seitz et al. 240l.4
FOREIGN PATENTS 667,539 6/ 1929 France.
NORTON ANSHER, Primary Examiner R. P. GREINER, Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R.
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US3666939A (en) * 1970-03-23 1972-05-30 Morita Mfg Shadeless dental light
US3825742A (en) * 1973-01-02 1974-07-23 Gte Sylvania Inc Lamp unit with controlled-diffusion reflector and method of making the reflector
US4021659A (en) * 1975-10-30 1977-05-03 General Electric Company Projector lamp reflector
US4087682A (en) * 1976-03-15 1978-05-02 Kolodziej Henry W Illuminating device
US4149227A (en) * 1977-06-20 1979-04-10 Corning Glass Works Reflector
US4234247A (en) * 1978-10-30 1980-11-18 Corning Glass Works Method of making a reflector
US4481563A (en) * 1982-05-10 1984-11-06 Corning Glass Works Automotive headlight having optics in the reflector
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US5906425A (en) * 1992-01-14 1999-05-25 Musco Corporation Means and method for highly controllable lighting of areas or objects
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EP1089036A1 (en) * 1999-09-30 2001-04-04 Automotive Lighting Italia Spa A reflector having a complex surface for an illumination device of a vehicle
DE10018831A1 (en) * 2000-04-15 2001-10-25 Markus Korsch Reflector arrangement for dazzle-minimized deflection of light onto region to be illuminated, has at least one reflector element with non-curved reflection surface in one spatial
KR100323923B1 (en) * 1993-09-13 2002-06-20 요트.게.아. 롤페즈 Lighting fixtures
US20030094890A1 (en) * 1998-05-12 2003-05-22 Musco Corporation Method and apparatus of blocking ultraviolet radiation from arc tubes
US20060268576A1 (en) * 2005-05-31 2006-11-30 Omron Corporation Light emission source and light emission method using light emission source
DE10066216B4 (en) * 2000-04-15 2011-03-03 Markus Korsch reflector assembly
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