US3421276A - Transition joint-forming devices and joint structures incorporating the same - Google Patents

Transition joint-forming devices and joint structures incorporating the same Download PDF

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US3421276A
US3421276A US576646A US3421276DA US3421276A US 3421276 A US3421276 A US 3421276A US 576646 A US576646 A US 576646A US 3421276D A US3421276D A US 3421276DA US 3421276 A US3421276 A US 3421276A
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joint
enclosing
web
elastomeric
forming
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US576646A
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Robert L La Barge
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Bally Engineered Structures Inc
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Aluminum Company of America
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66Sealings
    • E04B1/68Sealings of joints, e.g. expansion joints
    • E04B1/6803Joint covers

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  • Transition joint-forming devices in the form of compressively deformable elastomeric material in sealingly secured association with substantially moisture and vapor impermeable flexible web material, and joint structures between substantially rigid relatively movable enclosing components incorporating the transition joint-forming devices.
  • This invention relates in general to building and analogous unitized enclosing structures incorporating joining practices and joint structures between adjacent enclosing components thereof, which components in themselves constitute vapor and moisture barriers, but which are environmentally exposed to temperature differentials on opposite interior and exterior enclosing surfaces thereof giving rise to generation of moisture and vapor adjacent and capable of penetration through joint structures therebetween.
  • the invention is more particularly concerned with the provision of joint-forming devices, which are substantially impermeable to the passage of moisture and vapor, as well as joint structures incorporating the same, suitable for association with refrigerated enclosing structures such as entire cold storage buildings, cold chambers, cabinets or rooms Within buildings, refrigerated transportation units, as Well as this same general classi fication of enclosing structures exposed to relatively severe climatic differential thermal conditions on opposite interior and exterior surfaces of jointed enclosing components thereof.
  • Transition joint-forming devices are herein and hereinafter referred to as transition joint-forming devices in that they incorporate a transition from a self-supporting impermeable elastomeric member or element, responding to compressive deformability for mounting and sealingly securing the same in respect to a surface of one of a pair of substantially rigid enclosing components, to an impermeable flexible Web member or element sealingly attached to the elastomeric element, the flexible web element being in contiguous extension therefrom and being adapted to overlie and form a vapor and moisture barrier in respect to a surface of the other substantially rigid enclosing component adjacent a joint structure between the aforesaid pair of enclosing components.
  • a refrigerated warehouse, or cold room within a building exemplary of structures incorporating enclosing components, such as floors or foundations in support of enclosing wall components, and having in addition a roof or ceiling overlying and/or intersecting the upstanding walls thereof, would of necessity incorporate joints adjacent the upper and lower edges of the enclosing walls giving rise to vapor and/ or moisture generation and transmission thereof through such joints directionally from the exposed elevated to lower temperature interiors of such enclosing structures.
  • coplanar adjacent enclosing wall panels would of necessity incorporate joints subject to vapor and moisture transmission therethrough under similar environmental conditions.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a transition joint-forming device incorporating an elastomeric element responding to compressive deformability in sealingly mounting the same in a joint structure between adjacent substantially rigid enclosing components exposed to opposite coextensive surface differential temperature conditions.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide spaceenclosing structures incorporating vapor and moisture impermeable transition joint-forming devices between adjacent enclosing components thereof.
  • FlG. 1 represents an exploded fragmentary perspective view of a transition joint-forming member or device in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 represents an end elevational view of the assembled transition joint-forming member or device of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 represents a fragmentary end elevational view of a modified and substitutable element of the transition joint-forming device or member of FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 represents a transverse sectional view of a joint structure incorporating the device of FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 5 represents a sectional elevational view of another embodiment of joint structure falling within the scope of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 represents a sectional elevational view of a further embodiment of joint structure of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 represents a slightly enlarged fragmentary sectional elevational view illustrating a typical installation of a component part of the transition joint-forming device included in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.
  • a preferred transition joint-forming device of the invention basically comprises a one-piece or unitary elongate self-supporting substantially vapor and moisture impermeable elastomeric element or strip of axially uniform transverse angular shaped cross-sectional configuration or profile.
  • the elastomeric body or strip serves as an anchoring and securing means for a flexible substantially vapor and moisture impermeable barrier web element in frictionally sealed securement thereto, the elastomeric angular shaped strip being sealingly securable to at least one surface of a substantially rigid component of an enclosed structure and the flexible barrier web element attached thereto being extensible therefrom into overlying sealing relationship to a second substantially rigid adjacent enclosing component in a joint structure therebetween.
  • the elastomeric strip or body element of the transition joint-forming member is provided along at least one major axial marginal length thereof with a depending flange for compressible sealing securement within a recess carried by an exposed surface of one of the enclosing joint-forming components and provides a re-entrant recess intermediate the depending flange and major axial marginal edge remote thereto of an angular extension of the depending flange for frictional securement therein of the flexible vapor and moisture sealing barrier web element of the transition joint-forming member or device.
  • the elastomeric strip of the transition joint-forming device is preferably provided in the form of a substantially impermeable self-supporting molded or extruded product of indeterminate axial length and is fabricated 3 from natural or synthetic rubber preferably characterized by a durometer hardness of 60 to 75.
  • the flexible web element thereof is preferably selected in the form of a relatively thin strip or sheet of substantially impermeable polyethylene, although other substantially impermeable synthetic resinous web materials, as well as flexible laminates incorporating the same, may be substituted therefor.
  • Joint structures incorporating the composite transition joint-forming devices of the invention basically comprise substantially rigid structural enclosing components in adjacent relationship developing a joint therebetween capable of transient passage of vapor and moisture through the same as from an exterior to an interior surface of a space enclosed by the joint-forming enclosing components.
  • the elastomeric self-supporting element of the transition jointforming device of the invention is securably and sealingly mountable by compressive deformation of the depending marginal edge flange thereof within a substantially nondeformably defined recess provided in the surface of at least one of the joint-forming enclosing components with the angular extension thereof directed toward or extending over the joint structure formed with the other enclosing component.
  • the impermeable flexible web portion or element of the transition joint-forming device is extended over a surface of the second-mentioned enclosing component adjacent the joint formed therebetween in vapor and moisture sealing relationship therewith and a marginally free edge of the Web element is frictionally secured and sealed within the reentrant recess carried by the angular extension of the elastomeric element of the transition joint-forming device to thereby produce a joint structure impermeably sealed against moisture and vapor passage through the joint formed between the adjacent enclosing components.
  • the transition joint-forming device or member of the invention preferably comprises a one-piece self-supporting resiliently deformable extruded or molded elastomeric strip, represented in entirety by the reference numeral 10, and is transversely uniformly angularly configurated to provide a depending marginal edge flange 12 in integral angular connection to an extending body portion 14.
  • the depending flange 12 is preferably provided with axially extending serrations 16 on opposite defining surfaces thereof as well as being terminated at its end or head remote to the integral connection to the body portion 14 to provide angularly upwardly diverging flanges 18 in reduced cross-sectional connection at 20 to the depending flange 12.
  • the depending flange 12 may be axially tubularly cavitated at 22, the aforesaid serrations 16, diverging head flanges 18 and tubular cavity 22 cooperatively functioning to insure compressive deformation of the depending flange 12 in sealing securement within a re-entrant recess carried by an enclosing component or panel in the manner described and illustrated in my copending application, Serial No. 437,808, filed March 8, 1965, now Patent No. 3,363,383.
  • the integral connection between the marginal depend ing flange 12 and angular extending body portion 14 may be reduced in thickness to impart flexibility to the integral connection, as indicated at 24.
  • the body portion 14 is provided with a re-entrant axially extending recess or socket 26, outwardly open in the same direction as the depending flange 12 thereof, and a plurality of axially extending serrations 28 may be desirable in some forms of the elastomeric strip of transition joint-forming members or devices of the invention.
  • the flexible moisture and vapor barrier web element of transition joint-forming devices of the invention is preferably a substantially vapor and moisture impermeable material 30 frictionally securable along a margin edge thereof within the re-entrant recess 26, as by means of a facially introduceable fibrous rope or rod 32, preferably coextensive in length with the recess 26 and web 30 employed in accordance with the practice of the invention to be hereinafter described in more detail.
  • the resilience of the elastomeric material of the transition joint configurated strip 10 is such that the walls of the recess 26 thereof spring or separate in response to facially applied pressure in introducing the web-securing rope or rod 32 therewithin in overlying frictional sealing securement of the web 30 underlying the element 32 in the recess 26.
  • Element 32 may be selected in the same elastomeric material as the strip 10, although a readily compressible rope material may be used therefor.
  • FIG. 3 a substitutable substantially impermeable web laminate is illustrated for the web 30 of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the substitutable web element comprises a relatively thin carrier web 31, thin flexible metallic foil or a fibrous material being acceptable and satisfactory, having one or both major surface areas thereof coated with a thin coextensive layer 34 of adhered polyethylene or similar flexible synthetic resinous material exhibiting moisture and vapor impermeability characteristics.
  • the coating layer or layers 34 may be applied on the carrier 31 in liquid form and cured to desired adhered film thicknesses thereon, or the coating layer or layers 34 may be applied in the form of coextensively adhered cured films of the same.
  • FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 Typical joint structures incorporating transition jointforming members or devices above described and illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 or 3, have been illustrated in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.
  • FIG. 4 is exemplary and illustrative of a joint structure suitable for an enclosed cold room within a permanent building structure. Therein a transverse cross-sectional elevation is disclosed of a joint structure between a permanent enclosing masonry wall 40 of a building and an insulated enclosing interior wall component 42 of a cold room employing the masonry wall 40 as a wall element thereof.
  • the insulated panel 42 comprises a core or body 44, preferably composed of foamed or expanded light weight polymeric insulating material, such as polystyrene or urethane, opposite major exposed surfaces of which support or carry adhesively secured substantially rigid facial liners 46.
  • Aluminum or aluminum alloy sheet has proven useful and successful for the liners 46.
  • the outwardly exposed major surface area of the insulating wall panel 42, adjacent its angular corner-forming disposition in respect to the masonry wall 40, is preferably rabbeted at 48 over the vertical length thereof to provide clearance and marginal transformation of the exposed liner 46 inwardly below the plane of the outwardly exposed surface thereof.
  • the aforementioned marginal transformation comprises providing a substantially rigidly formed re-entrant recess 50 of generally channel shape over substantially the vertical axial length of the panel 42.
  • a typical marginal edge re-entrant recess ploy a metallic extrusion 52 shouldered at 54 (FIG. 7) and interiorly interengaged with an inwardly and reversely bent marginal edge 56 (FIG. 7) of the outwardly exposed facial liner sheet 46, the configurated shoulder 54 and oppositely disposed bent marginal edge 56 forming a narrow entrance to the re-entrant recess 50, as more fully described in my aforementioned copending application, Serial No. 437,808. Otherwise, the re-entrant recess 50 can be integrally produced in an extended marginal edge of the exposed liner sheet 46.
  • the permanent masonry wall 40 is preferably supplied with an insulating covering defining the low temperature interior cold room enclosing wall area coextensive therewith. This is illustrated by the block or plank expanded polymeric insulation 58 and coextensive overlying module insulating panel 60, the latter being substantially similar to the insulating panel 42 and both being suitably secured in place, as by conventional commercially available compatible adhesives.
  • Transition joint-forming member or device 10 in the joint formed between the 50 may eminsulating panel 42 and masonry wall 40, in angular corner-forming disposition thereof, entails laying or placing the impermeable flexible vapor and moisture barrier web element 30 against the inwardly directed enclosing area of the wall 40 preferably in sandwich relationship to the block insulation 58.
  • a marginal contiguous extension of the flexible web element 30 can then be readily secured within the re-entrant recess 26 of the elastomeric transition joint-forming device and sealingly clamped therewithin by means of element 32.
  • Surplus web is deliberately provided to facilitate assembly and accommodate thermal or other induced movement of the joint structure, as illustrated by the sinuous connecting freely movable length 62 thereof, between the sandwiched extent of web 30 overlying and coextensive with the masonry wall and outermost frictionally and sealingly secured marginal edge thereof clamped within the re-entrant re cess 26.
  • the elastomeric member 10, in unitary sealing connection to the installed flexible web 30, can now be compressively and deformably secured along its depending flange 12 within the re-entrant marginal edge recess (FIG. 7) with its angular integral extension 14 preferably abutting against a framing member 64 carried by the masonry wall 40.
  • the flexible web element 30 may be first marginally frictionally and sealingly secured Within the re-entrant recess 26, the elastomeric member 10 deformably and sealingly secured along its depending flange 12 within the re-entrant marginal edge channel recess 50, and the web 30 thereafter adhesively secured to the inwardly directed masonry wall surface 40 before installing the interior insulation 58 and 60.
  • the freely movable surplus web 30, represented at 62 prevails and permits relative movement of the enclosing components in the immediate area of the joint structure therebetween.
  • the wall panels 42 may be free standing and load-bearing or supported as curtain walls from conventional skeletal frame structure. Regardless of their support, joint structures formed between a panel 42 and a permanent wall of a building, such as the masonry wall 40, are capable of relative movement between the adjacent enclosing components represented by the Wall 40 and panel 42 as a result of the elevated outside temperature of the outwardly exposed surfaces thereof, as compared to the lower temperature of the cold room enclosed thereby.
  • Moisture and vapor generated on the aforesaid outwardly exposed surfaces of enclosing components 40 and 42 are substantially impermeably sealed against transmission through joints between the enclosing components 48 and 42 into the interior of the enclosed cold room of FIG. 4 by the surplus flexible web 62 otherwise sealingly clamped or sandwiched between the insulation 58 and inwardly directed surface of the masonry wall 40 and sealingly secured at its marginal edge within the reentrant recess 26 of the elastomeric strip 10, which in turn is sealingly and compressively secured within the re-entrant recess 50 carried by the outwardly directed liner sheet 46 of the module insulated panel 42.
  • the marginal edge area of the angular extension 14 of the elastomeric strip 10 remote to its compressively and sealingly secured depending flange 12 within the re-entrant recess 50, provides flat overlying abutment against the frame strip or member 64, as distinguished from presenting the serrations 28 of FIGS. 1 and 2 thereagainst.
  • the serrations 28 are optional, and if desired, compatible commercially available adhesives may be employed between the abutting areas of the angular extension 14 and underlying framing member 64 in the joint structure of FIG. 4.
  • the flexible vapor and moisture barrier web element 30 may be made up from adhesively secured lap seamed standard commercial widths of the same to provide an uninterrupted width of the web coextensive with the length of the joint structure of FIG. 4. Also, the web 30 can extend across the full width of the masonry wall 40 to an opposite corner joint similar to that illustrated in FIG. 4, or it may be terminated on extension of a foot or more within the clamped area between the inwardly directed surface of wall 40 and insulation block 50, where it can be impermeably sealed as by compatible adhesive securing the web to either or both facing surface areas of the inwardly directed concrete Wall 40 and outwardly directed insulation block or plank 58.
  • FIG. 5 represents a joint structure formed between the bottom marginal edge of an exteriorly exposed insulating module panel 68 and a concrete foundation or footer 70 illustrative of the outer enclosing wall and foundation or floor construction of an entire cold storage building.
  • the module insulating panel 68 is similar and can be identical to the panel 42 of FIG. 4 and the floor of the building is illustrated as comprising polymeric insulation block or plank 72 with an overlying cast concrete floor slab 74.
  • the elastomeric strip 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2 includes the serrations 28 thereof and the strip 10 is compressively securingly sealed along its opposite marginal edges over the axial extent of the wall-to-floor or foundation joint.
  • the depending flange 12 of the strip '10 is compressively deformed and sealingly installed along the lower marginal configurated or recessed edge in the same manner described for the joint structure of FIG. 4 and shown to enlarged scale in FIG. 7.
  • the opposite marginal edge of the strip 10 is compressively deformed and sealingly secured between downwardly converging opposite legs of an angular anchor bracket 76 secured by lag bolts 78 extending into the concrete footer or foundation 70.
  • the flexible vapor and moisture impermeable web 30 in the joint structure and installation of FIG. 5 is laid between the foundation or footer 70 and overlying insulation block or plank material 72 following either of the alternative practices previously described for installing the similar web 30 in FIG. 4.
  • a surplus marginal edge connecting length or width 80 is deliberately provided as previously represented at 62 in FIG. 4.
  • the exterior enclosing wall panel or panels 68 of FIG. 5 may be of free standing or of curtain wall construction and subject to relative movement in respect to the foundation or footer 70, the freely movable surplus connecting length 80 of the impermeable flexible web element 30 accommodating such relative movement.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of joint structure formed at the juncture between the upper edge of an upstanding exterior enclosing wall panel or panels 82, similar to the panels 42 and 68, and a roof or ceiling represented in its entirety by the reference numeral 84.
  • the elastomeric strip element 10 of the transition joint-forming member or device of FIGS. 1 and 2 has its depending marginal flange 12 (FIG. 7) compressively and deformably secured within the upper edge marginal re-entrant recess 50 carried by the outwardly directed surface of the panel or panels 82 with the integral angular extension 14 thereof extending toward and preferably slightly beyond the underlying plane surface of a wood or similar ceiling or roof deck 88.
  • a combination upstanding gravel stop and depending fascia board section 98 is preferably applied and secured along the roof edge overlying the elastomeric strip 10 and a serving of exposed gravel 100 is spread on the upwardly facing roofing material 90'.
  • An underlying insulating panel downwardly directed interior sub-ceiling 102 would be conventionally employed to insure a desired degree of joint and building structure thus formed.
  • the wall 82 may be a free standing load-bearing wall or of curtain wall construction, as stated in regard to the transition joint structures of FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the ceiling or roof 84 is conventional and forms with the wall panel or panels 82 a joint structure capable of relative movement and is impermeably sealed against vapor and moisture, as previously described in regard to FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • Installation of the elastomeric transition joint-forming strip 10, with its compressively deformed depending flange 12 within the re-entrant recess 50 in all embodiments of joint structures above-described in terms of FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 7, can if desired be augmented by employing a layer or serving of compatible commercially available adhesives within the re-entrant recesses 50 thereof.
  • attachment and sealing securement of the marginal edge of the flexible impermeable vapor and moisture barrier web 30, or the substitutes therefor illustrated in FIG. 3, within the re-entrant groove or recess 26, may be augmented by the use of compatible commercially available adhesives in the joint structures of FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.
  • the reduced cross-sectional thickness connection between the angular extension 14 and depending flange 12 of the self-supporting elastomeric strip 10, illustrated to best advantage in FIGS. 1, 2 and 7 at 24, imparts flexibility and permits angular resilient deflection and bending of the strip 10 in the area of the reduced connection 24 as an aid in the installation thereof, without destroying its self-supporting characteristics.
  • a transition joint-forming device comprising an elongate elastomeric self-supporting member having a depending compressively deformable securing and sealing mounting flange coextensive with one marginal edge and an angularly extending flange therefrom, a re-entrant recess intermediate the depending flange and opposite marginal edge of said member, and a flexible substantially moisture and vapor impermeable barrier web element sealingly secured in said re-entrant recess and extending away therefrom, said transition joint-forming device being adapted to be compressively and sealingly thermal insulation for the exterior wall to roof or ceiling secured by its dependent mounting flange within a-reentrant recess carried by one substantially rigid jointforming enclosing component with the sealingly secured flexible web thereof in overlying sealing relationship with an adjacent surface of a substantially rigid enclosing component forming a joint structure with the first-mentioned enclosing component.
  • interself-supporting elastomeric member is selected from a material having a durometer hardness of 60 to 75
  • the flexible web element is selected from a substantially impermeable synthetic resinous material.
  • a transition joint-forming device in accordance with the structural features defined in claim 1 in which interconnection between the depending mounting flange and angular extension thereto incorporates a reduced thickness of the angular extension of the elastomeric self-supporting member.
  • a transition joint-forming device in accordance with the structural features defined in claim 1 in which the flexible web element thereof is sealingly secured in the reentrant recess of the elastomeric member by a resiliently responding element in engagement with an outwardly directed surface of the flexible web element in forcible facial clamping entrance within the re-entrant recess carried by the elastomeric member.
  • a joint structure between two substantially rigid relatively movable joint-forming enclosing components said joint structure incorporating a self-supporting elastomeric member having an integral depending flange compressively sealingly secured within a re-entrant recess carried by an exposed surface of one of the joint-forming enclosing components adjacent and coextensive with the joint between said two enclosing components and having an angularly disposed extension of the elastomeric member directed towards said joint, a substantially vapor and moisture impermeable web sealingly attached along a marginal edge area thereof to said angularly disposed extension of the elastomeric member, said web extending eontiguously away therefrom into overlying sealing relationship to the second joint-forming enclosing component adjacent the joint therebetween, and a freely movable surplus connecting length of the flexible web intermediate its marginal edge area attachment and area thereof in sealing relationship to said second joint-forming enclosing component.
  • a joint structure between two substantially rigid relatively movable joint-forming enclosing components comprising a self-supporting oneiece elastomeric member having a durometer hardness of 60 to 75, said elastomeric member being elongate and having an axially uniform transverse cross-sectional configuration providing a compressively deformable marginal depending flange and an integral angularly disposed extension thereto having a reentrant recess outwardly open substantially directionally parallel to and spaced from the depending flange, said elastomeric member having its depending flange compressively and sealingly received and secured within a re-entrant recess carried by a surface of one of said outwardly directed enclosing components coextensively along and adjacent the joint between the two enclosing components, a flexible substantially vapor and moisture impermeable web sealingly secured along a marginal edge thereof within the outwardly open recess of the angularly disposed extension of the elastomeric member co
  • a moisture and vapor impermcably sealed corner joint structure between two substantially rigid angularly disposed enclosing components said corner joint structure comprising a self-supporting one-piece elastomeric element having a durometer hardness of 60 to 75, the elastomeric element being elongate and axially uniform in transverse cross-section to provide a compressively deformable marginal depending mounting flange and angularly disposed extension thereto, the angular extension having a recess substantially directionally parallel to and spaced from the depending flange and outwardly open in the same direction as said depending flange, said elastomeric element having its depending flange compressively and sealingly installed within a re-entrant recess carried by an outwardly directed marginal edge of one of the enclosing components coextensive with the corner joint structure, a flexible substantially vapor and moisture impermeable web element sealingly secured along a marginal edge thereof within and axially coextensive with the outwardly open

Description

Jan. 14, 1969 R. L. LA BARGE' 3,421,275
TRANSITION JOINT-FORMING DEVICES AND JOINT STRUCTURES INCORPORATING THE SAME Filed Sept. 1, 1966 Sheet of INVENTOR. ROBERT L. LA BARGE Arrorhey Jan. 14, 1969 R. 1.. LA BARGE TRANSITION JOINT-FORMING DEVICES AND JOINT STRUCTURES INCORPORATING THE SAME Sheet ,4 8 R 8 T 8 N o n 4 m :U 9 a 1 0 0 o D g M I I 7/ ///"/l If! ail 6 A a w 8 9 3 9 9 3 I 5 2 a 2 w 5 8 m 3 I I 8 z 6 5 H 1 vv- -V Filed Sept. 1, 1966 ROBERT L. LABARGE Attorney United States Patent 7 Ciaims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Transition joint-forming devices in the form of compressively deformable elastomeric material in sealingly secured association with substantially moisture and vapor impermeable flexible web material, and joint structures between substantially rigid relatively movable enclosing components incorporating the transition joint-forming devices.
This invention relates in general to building and analogous unitized enclosing structures incorporating joining practices and joint structures between adjacent enclosing components thereof, which components in themselves constitute vapor and moisture barriers, but which are environmentally exposed to temperature differentials on opposite interior and exterior enclosing surfaces thereof giving rise to generation of moisture and vapor adjacent and capable of penetration through joint structures therebetween. The invention is more particularly concerned with the provision of joint-forming devices, which are substantially impermeable to the passage of moisture and vapor, as well as joint structures incorporating the same, suitable for association with refrigerated enclosing structures such as entire cold storage buildings, cold chambers, cabinets or rooms Within buildings, refrigerated transportation units, as Well as this same general classi fication of enclosing structures exposed to relatively severe climatic differential thermal conditions on opposite interior and exterior surfaces of jointed enclosing components thereof.
Joint-forming devices or members falling within the scope of the present invention are herein and hereinafter referred to as transition joint-forming devices in that they incorporate a transition from a self-supporting impermeable elastomeric member or element, responding to compressive deformability for mounting and sealingly securing the same in respect to a surface of one of a pair of substantially rigid enclosing components, to an impermeable flexible Web member or element sealingly attached to the elastomeric element, the flexible web element being in contiguous extension therefrom and being adapted to overlie and form a vapor and moisture barrier in respect to a surface of the other substantially rigid enclosing component adjacent a joint structure between the aforesaid pair of enclosing components.
A refrigerated warehouse, or cold room within a building, exemplary of structures incorporating enclosing components, such as floors or foundations in support of enclosing wall components, and having in addition a roof or ceiling overlying and/or intersecting the upstanding walls thereof, would of necessity incorporate joints adjacent the upper and lower edges of the enclosing walls giving rise to vapor and/ or moisture generation and transmission thereof through such joints directionally from the exposed elevated to lower temperature interiors of such enclosing structures. In similar fashion, coplanar adjacent enclosing wall panels would of necessity incorporate joints subject to vapor and moisture transmission therethrough under similar environmental conditions.
Patented Jan. 14, 1969 It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a transition joint-forming member or device incorporating structural features and characteristics insuring substantial impermeability to moisture and vapor transmission through joint structures incorporating the same.
Another object of the invention is to provide a transition joint-forming device incorporating an elastomeric element responding to compressive deformability in sealingly mounting the same in a joint structure between adjacent substantially rigid enclosing components exposed to opposite coextensive surface differential temperature conditions.
A further object of the invention is to provide spaceenclosing structures incorporating vapor and moisture impermeable transition joint-forming devices between adjacent enclosing components thereof.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will present themselves on consideration of the following description, and selected but not limiting illustrations in support thereof, in which:
FlG. 1 represents an exploded fragmentary perspective view of a transition joint-forming member or device in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 represents an end elevational view of the assembled transition joint-forming member or device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 represents a fragmentary end elevational view of a modified and substitutable element of the transition joint-forming device or member of FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 4 represents a transverse sectional view of a joint structure incorporating the device of FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 5 represents a sectional elevational view of another embodiment of joint structure falling within the scope of the invention;
FIG. 6 represents a sectional elevational view of a further embodiment of joint structure of the invention; and
FIG. 7 represents a slightly enlarged fragmentary sectional elevational view illustrating a typical installation of a component part of the transition joint-forming device included in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.
A preferred transition joint-forming device of the invention basically comprises a one-piece or unitary elongate self-supporting substantially vapor and moisture impermeable elastomeric element or strip of axially uniform transverse angular shaped cross-sectional configuration or profile. The elastomeric body or strip serves as an anchoring and securing means for a flexible substantially vapor and moisture impermeable barrier web element in frictionally sealed securement thereto, the elastomeric angular shaped strip being sealingly securable to at least one surface of a substantially rigid component of an enclosed structure and the flexible barrier web element attached thereto being extensible therefrom into overlying sealing relationship to a second substantially rigid adjacent enclosing component in a joint structure therebetween.
The elastomeric strip or body element of the transition joint-forming member is provided along at least one major axial marginal length thereof with a depending flange for compressible sealing securement within a recess carried by an exposed surface of one of the enclosing joint-forming components and provides a re-entrant recess intermediate the depending flange and major axial marginal edge remote thereto of an angular extension of the depending flange for frictional securement therein of the flexible vapor and moisture sealing barrier web element of the transition joint-forming member or device.
The elastomeric strip of the transition joint-forming device is preferably provided in the form of a substantially impermeable self-supporting molded or extruded product of indeterminate axial length and is fabricated 3 from natural or synthetic rubber preferably characterized by a durometer hardness of 60 to 75. The flexible web element thereof is preferably selected in the form of a relatively thin strip or sheet of substantially impermeable polyethylene, although other substantially impermeable synthetic resinous web materials, as well as flexible laminates incorporating the same, may be substituted therefor.
Joint structures incorporating the composite transition joint-forming devices of the invention basically comprise substantially rigid structural enclosing components in adjacent relationship developing a joint therebetween capable of transient passage of vapor and moisture through the same as from an exterior to an interior surface of a space enclosed by the joint-forming enclosing components. The elastomeric self-supporting element of the transition jointforming device of the invention is securably and sealingly mountable by compressive deformation of the depending marginal edge flange thereof within a substantially nondeformably defined recess provided in the surface of at least one of the joint-forming enclosing components with the angular extension thereof directed toward or extending over the joint structure formed with the other enclosing component. The impermeable flexible web portion or element of the transition joint-forming device is extended over a surface of the second-mentioned enclosing component adjacent the joint formed therebetween in vapor and moisture sealing relationship therewith and a marginally free edge of the Web element is frictionally secured and sealed within the reentrant recess carried by the angular extension of the elastomeric element of the transition joint-forming device to thereby produce a joint structure impermeably sealed against moisture and vapor passage through the joint formed between the adjacent enclosing components.
In more specific detail, and referring first to FIGS. 1 and 2, the transition joint-forming device or member of the invention preferably comprises a one-piece self-supporting resiliently deformable extruded or molded elastomeric strip, represented in entirety by the reference numeral 10, and is transversely uniformly angularly configurated to provide a depending marginal edge flange 12 in integral angular connection to an extending body portion 14. The depending flange 12 is preferably provided with axially extending serrations 16 on opposite defining surfaces thereof as well as being terminated at its end or head remote to the integral connection to the body portion 14 to provide angularly upwardly diverging flanges 18 in reduced cross-sectional connection at 20 to the depending flange 12. In addition, the depending flange 12 may be axially tubularly cavitated at 22, the aforesaid serrations 16, diverging head flanges 18 and tubular cavity 22 cooperatively functioning to insure compressive deformation of the depending flange 12 in sealing securement within a re-entrant recess carried by an enclosing component or panel in the manner described and illustrated in my copending application, Serial No. 437,808, filed March 8, 1965, now Patent No. 3,363,383.
The integral connection between the marginal depend ing flange 12 and angular extending body portion 14 may be reduced in thickness to impart flexibility to the integral connection, as indicated at 24. Also, the body portion 14 is provided with a re-entrant axially extending recess or socket 26, outwardly open in the same direction as the depending flange 12 thereof, and a plurality of axially extending serrations 28 may be desirable in some forms of the elastomeric strip of transition joint-forming members or devices of the invention.
The flexible moisture and vapor barrier web element of transition joint-forming devices of the invention is preferably a substantially vapor and moisture impermeable material 30 frictionally securable along a margin edge thereof within the re-entrant recess 26, as by means of a facially introduceable fibrous rope or rod 32, preferably coextensive in length with the recess 26 and web 30 employed in accordance with the practice of the invention to be hereinafter described in more detail. It will be understood that the resilience of the elastomeric material of the transition joint configurated strip 10 is such that the walls of the recess 26 thereof spring or separate in response to facially applied pressure in introducing the web-securing rope or rod 32 therewithin in overlying frictional sealing securement of the web 30 underlying the element 32 in the recess 26. Element 32 may be selected in the same elastomeric material as the strip 10, although a readily compressible rope material may be used therefor.
In FIG. 3, a substitutable substantially impermeable web laminate is illustrated for the web 30 of FIGS. 1 and 2. The substitutable web element comprises a relatively thin carrier web 31, thin flexible metallic foil or a fibrous material being acceptable and satisfactory, having one or both major surface areas thereof coated with a thin coextensive layer 34 of adhered polyethylene or similar flexible synthetic resinous material exhibiting moisture and vapor impermeability characteristics. The coating layer or layers 34 may be applied on the carrier 31 in liquid form and cured to desired adhered film thicknesses thereon, or the coating layer or layers 34 may be applied in the form of coextensively adhered cured films of the same.
Typical joint structures incorporating transition jointforming members or devices above described and illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 or 3, have been illustrated in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.
FIG. 4 is exemplary and illustrative of a joint structure suitable for an enclosed cold room within a permanent building structure. Therein a transverse cross-sectional elevation is disclosed of a joint structure between a permanent enclosing masonry wall 40 of a building and an insulated enclosing interior wall component 42 of a cold room employing the masonry wall 40 as a wall element thereof.
The insulated panel 42 comprises a core or body 44, preferably composed of foamed or expanded light weight polymeric insulating material, such as polystyrene or urethane, opposite major exposed surfaces of which support or carry adhesively secured substantially rigid facial liners 46. Aluminum or aluminum alloy sheet has proven useful and successful for the liners 46. The outwardly exposed major surface area of the insulating wall panel 42, adjacent its angular corner-forming disposition in respect to the masonry wall 40, is preferably rabbeted at 48 over the vertical length thereof to provide clearance and marginal transformation of the exposed liner 46 inwardly below the plane of the outwardly exposed surface thereof. The aforementioned marginal transformation comprises providing a substantially rigidly formed re-entrant recess 50 of generally channel shape over substantially the vertical axial length of the panel 42.
A typical marginal edge re-entrant recess ploy a metallic extrusion 52 shouldered at 54 (FIG. 7) and interiorly interengaged with an inwardly and reversely bent marginal edge 56 (FIG. 7) of the outwardly exposed facial liner sheet 46, the configurated shoulder 54 and oppositely disposed bent marginal edge 56 forming a narrow entrance to the re-entrant recess 50, as more fully described in my aforementioned copending application, Serial No. 437,808. Otherwise, the re-entrant recess 50 can be integrally produced in an extended marginal edge of the exposed liner sheet 46.
The permanent masonry wall 40 is preferably supplied with an insulating covering defining the low temperature interior cold room enclosing wall area coextensive therewith. This is illustrated by the block or plank expanded polymeric insulation 58 and coextensive overlying module insulating panel 60, the latter being substantially similar to the insulating panel 42 and both being suitably secured in place, as by conventional commercially available compatible adhesives.
Installation and association of the transition joint-forming member or device 10 in the joint formed between the 50 may eminsulating panel 42 and masonry wall 40, in angular corner-forming disposition thereof, entails laying or placing the impermeable flexible vapor and moisture barrier web element 30 against the inwardly directed enclosing area of the wall 40 preferably in sandwich relationship to the block insulation 58. A marginal contiguous extension of the flexible web element 30 can then be readily secured within the re-entrant recess 26 of the elastomeric transition joint-forming device and sealingly clamped therewithin by means of element 32. Surplus web is deliberately provided to facilitate assembly and accommodate thermal or other induced movement of the joint structure, as illustrated by the sinuous connecting freely movable length 62 thereof, between the sandwiched extent of web 30 overlying and coextensive with the masonry wall and outermost frictionally and sealingly secured marginal edge thereof clamped within the re-entrant re cess 26.
The elastomeric member 10, in unitary sealing connection to the installed flexible web 30, can now be compressively and deformably secured along its depending flange 12 within the re-entrant marginal edge recess (FIG. 7) with its angular integral extension 14 preferably abutting against a framing member 64 carried by the masonry wall 40. Alternatively, the flexible web element 30 may be first marginally frictionally and sealingly secured Within the re-entrant recess 26, the elastomeric member 10 deformably and sealingly secured along its depending flange 12 within the re-entrant marginal edge channel recess 50, and the web 30 thereafter adhesively secured to the inwardly directed masonry wall surface 40 before installing the interior insulation 58 and 60. In either case, the freely movable surplus web 30, represented at 62, prevails and permits relative movement of the enclosing components in the immediate area of the joint structure therebetween.
Conventional structural support, not shown, for the insulating module panels 42 is followed in the practice of the invention. The wall panels 42 may be free standing and load-bearing or supported as curtain walls from conventional skeletal frame structure. Regardless of their support, joint structures formed between a panel 42 and a permanent wall of a building, such as the masonry wall 40, are capable of relative movement between the adjacent enclosing components represented by the Wall 40 and panel 42 as a result of the elevated outside temperature of the outwardly exposed surfaces thereof, as compared to the lower temperature of the cold room enclosed thereby.
Moisture and vapor generated on the aforesaid outwardly exposed surfaces of enclosing components 40 and 42 are substantially impermeably sealed against transmission through joints between the enclosing components 48 and 42 into the interior of the enclosed cold room of FIG. 4 by the surplus flexible web 62 otherwise sealingly clamped or sandwiched between the insulation 58 and inwardly directed surface of the masonry wall 40 and sealingly secured at its marginal edge within the reentrant recess 26 of the elastomeric strip 10, which in turn is sealingly and compressively secured within the re-entrant recess 50 carried by the outwardly directed liner sheet 46 of the module insulated panel 42.
It is to be observed that the marginal edge area of the angular extension 14 of the elastomeric strip 10, remote to its compressively and sealingly secured depending flange 12 within the re-entrant recess 50, provides flat overlying abutment against the frame strip or member 64, as distinguished from presenting the serrations 28 of FIGS. 1 and 2 thereagainst. The serrations 28 are optional, and if desired, compatible commercially available adhesives may be employed between the abutting areas of the angular extension 14 and underlying framing member 64 in the joint structure of FIG. 4.
The flexible vapor and moisture barrier web element 30 may be made up from adhesively secured lap seamed standard commercial widths of the same to provide an uninterrupted width of the web coextensive with the length of the joint structure of FIG. 4. Also, the web 30 can extend across the full width of the masonry wall 40 to an opposite corner joint similar to that illustrated in FIG. 4, or it may be terminated on extension of a foot or more within the clamped area between the inwardly directed surface of wall 40 and insulation block 50, where it can be impermeably sealed as by compatible adhesive securing the web to either or both facing surface areas of the inwardly directed concrete Wall 40 and outwardly directed insulation block or plank 58.
FIG. 5 represents a joint structure formed between the bottom marginal edge of an exteriorly exposed insulating module panel 68 and a concrete foundation or footer 70 illustrative of the outer enclosing wall and foundation or floor construction of an entire cold storage building. The module insulating panel 68 is similar and can be identical to the panel 42 of FIG. 4 and the floor of the building is illustrated as comprising polymeric insulation block or plank 72 with an overlying cast concrete floor slab 74.
In the embodiment of the invention in FIG. 5, the elastomeric strip 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2 includes the serrations 28 thereof and the strip 10 is compressively securingly sealed along its opposite marginal edges over the axial extent of the wall-to-floor or foundation joint. The depending flange 12 of the strip '10 is compressively deformed and sealingly installed along the lower marginal configurated or recessed edge in the same manner described for the joint structure of FIG. 4 and shown to enlarged scale in FIG. 7. The opposite marginal edge of the strip 10 is compressively deformed and sealingly secured between downwardly converging opposite legs of an angular anchor bracket 76 secured by lag bolts 78 extending into the concrete footer or foundation 70.
The flexible vapor and moisture impermeable web 30 in the joint structure and installation of FIG. 5 is laid between the foundation or footer 70 and overlying insulation block or plank material 72 following either of the alternative practices previously described for installing the similar web 30 in FIG. 4. In this regard, a surplus marginal edge connecting length or width 80 is deliberately provided as previously represented at 62 in FIG. 4. Here again, it will be observed, that moisture and vapor generated on the outside or exterior surfaces of the transition joint structure formed between the outer higher temperature wall panel or panels 68 and low temperature interior surfaces formed by the interior surface of panel or panels 68 and upper surface of the concrete slab 74, even though capable of penetrating inwardly between the bracket 76 and outwardly facing surface of the footer or foundation 70, cannot break through the impermeable flexible web 30 and surplus contiguous extension 80 thereof into the interior of the cold storage building so constructed at its foundation or floor level joint structure. As in the structure of FIG. 4, the exterior enclosing wall panel or panels 68 of FIG. 5 may be of free standing or of curtain wall construction and subject to relative movement in respect to the foundation or footer 70, the freely movable surplus connecting length 80 of the impermeable flexible web element 30 accommodating such relative movement.
FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of joint structure formed at the juncture between the upper edge of an upstanding exterior enclosing wall panel or panels 82, similar to the panels 42 and 68, and a roof or ceiling represented in its entirety by the reference numeral 84.
As in the joint structures of FIGS. 4 and 5, the elastomeric strip element 10 of the transition joint-forming member or device of FIGS. 1 and 2, without the serrations 28 thereof, has its depending marginal flange 12 (FIG. 7) compressively and deformably secured within the upper edge marginal re-entrant recess 50 carried by the outwardly directed surface of the panel or panels 82 with the integral angular extension 14 thereof extending toward and preferably slightly beyond the underlying plane surface of a wood or similar ceiling or roof deck 88. The flexible impermeable web element 30 of the transition joint-forming member or device of FIGS. 1 and 2 is placed in contacting relationship between the felt or similar superimposed roofing sheets 90 and an edge mounting strip 92 in contiguous abutting relationship against an inclined cant strip 94. The web 30 thus installed is adhesively secured and impermeably sealed in place by the roofing adhesive attaching the roofing material 90 and a freely movable surplus contiguous marginal extension 96 thereof, as in FIGS. 4 and 5, is frictionally and sealingly secured along its free marginal edge Within the I re-entrant recess 26 carried by the elastomeric strip 10 in the manner heretofore described hereinabove.
A combination upstanding gravel stop and depending fascia board section 98 is preferably applied and secured along the roof edge overlying the elastomeric strip 10 and a serving of exposed gravel 100 is spread on the upwardly facing roofing material 90'. An underlying insulating panel downwardly directed interior sub-ceiling 102 would be conventionally employed to insure a desired degree of joint and building structure thus formed.
The wall 82 may be a free standing load-bearing wall or of curtain wall construction, as stated in regard to the transition joint structures of FIGS. 4 and 5. The ceiling or roof 84 is conventional and forms with the wall panel or panels 82 a joint structure capable of relative movement and is impermeably sealed against vapor and moisture, as previously described in regard to FIGS. 4 and 5.
It will be readily understood that the laminated flexible Web element or elements of FIG. 3 is or are substitutable for the web element 30 referred to and illustrated in the joint structures of FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.
Installation of the elastomeric transition joint-forming strip 10, with its compressively deformed depending flange 12 within the re-entrant recess 50 in all embodiments of joint structures above-described in terms of FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 7, can if desired be augmented by employing a layer or serving of compatible commercially available adhesives within the re-entrant recesses 50 thereof. In like manner, attachment and sealing securement of the marginal edge of the flexible impermeable vapor and moisture barrier web 30, or the substitutes therefor illustrated in FIG. 3, within the re-entrant groove or recess 26, may be augmented by the use of compatible commercially available adhesives in the joint structures of FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.
The reduced cross-sectional thickness connection between the angular extension 14 and depending flange 12 of the self-supporting elastomeric strip 10, illustrated to best advantage in FIGS. 1, 2 and 7 at 24, imparts flexibility and permits angular resilient deflection and bending of the strip 10 in the area of the reduced connection 24 as an aid in the installation thereof, without destroying its self-supporting characteristics.
Having selected and described specific examples of transition joint-forming devices and joint structures incorporating the same in support of the hereinabove described invention, it is expressly intended that the invention is in no way limited thereto, except as defined in the appended claims, as follows.
I claim:
1. A transition joint-forming device comprising an elongate elastomeric self-supporting member having a depending compressively deformable securing and sealing mounting flange coextensive with one marginal edge and an angularly extending flange therefrom, a re-entrant recess intermediate the depending flange and opposite marginal edge of said member, and a flexible substantially moisture and vapor impermeable barrier web element sealingly secured in said re-entrant recess and extending away therefrom, said transition joint-forming device being adapted to be compressively and sealingly thermal insulation for the exterior wall to roof or ceiling secured by its dependent mounting flange within a-reentrant recess carried by one substantially rigid jointforming enclosing component with the sealingly secured flexible web thereof in overlying sealing relationship with an adjacent surface of a substantially rigid enclosing component forming a joint structure with the first-mentioned enclosing component.
2. A transition joint-forming device in accordance with the structural features defined in claim 1 in which interself-supporting elastomeric member is selected from a material having a durometer hardness of 60 to 75, and the flexible web element is selected from a substantially impermeable synthetic resinous material.
3. A transition joint-forming device in accordance with the structural features defined in claim 1 in which interconnection between the depending mounting flange and angular extension thereto incorporates a reduced thickness of the angular extension of the elastomeric self-supporting member.
4. A transition joint-forming device in accordance with the structural features defined in claim 1 in which the flexible web element thereof is sealingly secured in the reentrant recess of the elastomeric member by a resiliently responding element in engagement with an outwardly directed surface of the flexible web element in forcible facial clamping entrance within the re-entrant recess carried by the elastomeric member.
5. A joint structure between two substantially rigid relatively movable joint-forming enclosing components, said joint structure incorporating a self-supporting elastomeric member having an integral depending flange compressively sealingly secured within a re-entrant recess carried by an exposed surface of one of the joint-forming enclosing components adjacent and coextensive with the joint between said two enclosing components and having an angularly disposed extension of the elastomeric member directed towards said joint, a substantially vapor and moisture impermeable web sealingly attached along a marginal edge area thereof to said angularly disposed extension of the elastomeric member, said web extending eontiguously away therefrom into overlying sealing relationship to the second joint-forming enclosing component adjacent the joint therebetween, and a freely movable surplus connecting length of the flexible web intermediate its marginal edge area attachment and area thereof in sealing relationship to said second joint-forming enclosing component.
6. A joint structure between two substantially rigid relatively movable joint-forming enclosing components, said joint structure comprising a self-supporting oneiece elastomeric member having a durometer hardness of 60 to 75, said elastomeric member being elongate and having an axially uniform transverse cross-sectional configuration providing a compressively deformable marginal depending flange and an integral angularly disposed extension thereto having a reentrant recess outwardly open substantially directionally parallel to and spaced from the depending flange, said elastomeric member having its depending flange compressively and sealingly received and secured within a re-entrant recess carried by a surface of one of said outwardly directed enclosing components coextensively along and adjacent the joint between the two enclosing components, a flexible substantially vapor and moisture impermeable web sealingly secured along a marginal edge thereof within the outwardly open recess of the angularly disposed extension of the elastomeric member coextensive with the length thereof, a contiguous extension of the web being disposed in overlying sealing relationship to a surface of the second enclosing component adjacent and beyond the joint structure between the two enclosing components, and a freely movable surplus extent of said contiguous web between its marginal edge sealing securement to said elastomeric member and overlying sealingly disposed portion thereof permitting relative movement of the enclosing components within the surplus extent of said contiguous web.
7. A moisture and vapor impermcably sealed corner joint structure between two substantially rigid angularly disposed enclosing components, said corner joint structure comprising a self-supporting one-piece elastomeric element having a durometer hardness of 60 to 75, the elastomeric element being elongate and axially uniform in transverse cross-section to provide a compressively deformable marginal depending mounting flange and angularly disposed extension thereto, the angular extension having a recess substantially directionally parallel to and spaced from the depending flange and outwardly open in the same direction as said depending flange, said elastomeric element having its depending flange compressively and sealingly installed within a re-entrant recess carried by an outwardly directed marginal edge of one of the enclosing components coextensive with the corner joint structure, a flexible substantially vapor and moisture impermeable web element sealingly secured along a marginal edge thereof within and axially coextensive with the outwardly open re-entrant recess of the angularly disposed extension of the elastomcric element, a contiguous extension of said web element being disposed in overlying sealing relationship to a surface of said second corner joint forming enclosing component in angular disposition to the marginal edge of the first-mentioned enclosing component supporting the elastomeric element and extending across the corner joint structure formed therebetween, and a surplus freely movable extent of said contiguous web element coextensive with the corner joint structure being provided between the marginally sealingly secured edge thereof within the re-entrant recess of the elastomeric element and overlying angularly and sealingly disposed portion of the web element remote thereto permitting relative movement of the enclosing components at the corner joint structure.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,496,910 2/1950 Fridolph 160-395 X 2,804,137 8/1957 Couse 160392 X 3,165,110 1/1965 Brooks 52-222 3,336,713 8/1967 Privas 52403 FRANK L. ABBOTT, Primary Examiner. PRICE C. PAW, Assistant Examiner.
US. Cl. X.R.
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US4573300A (en) * 1980-10-20 1986-03-04 Dan-Pal Light transmitting wall panels
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