US3117259A - Electrolytic detector cell with adjacent compartments - Google Patents
Electrolytic detector cell with adjacent compartments Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3117259A US3117259A US3117259DA US3117259A US 3117259 A US3117259 A US 3117259A US 3117259D A US3117259D A US 3117259DA US 3117259 A US3117259 A US 3117259A
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- Prior art keywords
- pair
- diaphragms
- oxygen
- compartments
- electrolytic
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- 210000000188 Diaphragm Anatomy 0.000 claims description 92
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 78
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000002000 scavenging Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000607 poisoning Effects 0.000 description 6
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000035507 absorption Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 240000003670 Sesamum indicum Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002939 deleterious Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/22—Devices using combined reduction and oxidation, e.g. redox arrangement or solion
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/404—Cells with anode, cathode and cell electrolyte on the same side of a permeable membrane which separates them from the sample fluid, e.g. Clark-type oxygen sensors
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrolytic detector cell which is highly resistent to the effects of oxygen gas that would normally diffuse through the housing thereof. More particularly, this application is concerned with a new and improved electrolytic detector cell having a pinrality of diaphragms defining a pair of chambers dis osed about the detector cells and filled with an oxygen getter compound.
- the active chemical ions in solution were subject to poisoning by oxygen dififusing into the detector solution through the relatively thin diaphragms of the cell from the ambient air.
- oxygen ditfusing through the flexible diaphragm surrounding the solution reacted with the I ion producing I3 ions, thereby altering the sensitivity of the detectOI.
- a second method of combating the absorption of oxygen by the electrolytic fiuid was to incorporate oxygen scavenging compounds directly into the hydraulic detector fluid.
- This mode of combating is inefiective if the detector is to be stored for long periods because of the oxygen scavenging compounds are not completely inert with respect to the other detector parts such as the rubber and dififerent emf metals.
- the oxygen scavenging compounds can be expected to become desensitized because of its reactivity with components of the cell.
- the thin diaphragms of the detector cell admit appreciable quantities of oxygen into the detector and the oxygen scavenging compound is quickly depleted by chemical reaction with the oxygen.
- Another object of this invention is the provision of a i new and improved detector cell including an oxygen getter compound for preventing deleterious O 'absorp tion into the housing containing the electrolytic detector fluid.
- Still another object of this invention is to provide a detector cell having a pair of O scavenging chambers adjacent to the electrolytic detector compartment for preventing 0 diffusion through the diaphragm of that compartment and presenting no compatability problems with the components of the cell.
- a still further object is the provision in an electrolytic detector cell of a pair of chambers containing oxygen scavenging compounds disposed adjacent each of the diaphragms of the detector cell and hydraulically coupled thereto for transmitting pressure signals to the cell and eliminating the diffusion of oxygen into the cell.
- the detector cell is composed of a housing 11 having an apertured wall 12 interiorly thereof. Disposed within the aperture in wall 12 is an active electrode 13) which is connected by a biasing battery 14 to a meter 16.
- a pair of thin flexible diaphragrns 17 are disposed at either end of the housing and together with wall 12 define a pair of compartments 18 containing an oxidation-reduction electrolytic detector solution such as an I3 I ion system.
- a pair of electrodes 19 are each disposed in the respective compartments and are externally connected to the positive terminal of battery 14 via meter 16.
- Each member 21 has an outer diaphragm 22 secured thereto defining a pair of chambers 23, one on either side of the compartments 18. These outermost chambers 23 are filled with oxygen getter compound. Since the getter compounds are not in contact with the electrolytic fluid, no compatability problems :are presented. The number of oxygen getter compounds suitable for the purpose is extremely large.
- electrolytic solutions such as contained in the main chambers may be used if it is desired, however if an electrolytic solution containing an I -I system is disposed in chamber 23 it is necessary that a pair of polarizing electrodes be disposed within each chamber to maintain the polarization of the ions
- paint dryers such as the linseed oil series, castor oil either in pure form or mixed with an inert solution is also suitable, the organo metallic compounds (Grignard series), organic amino and (NH derivative series in pure or solvent form also may serve as the getter compound. Lineoleate compounds and long chain fatty acid series have also been success fully used as the getter compound.
- a Pyrogallate solution in alkaline form is another suitable oxygen scavenger.
- the chambers 2,3 serve not only to absorb oxygen diffusing through the outer diaphragm 22 but provide an hydraulic connection between the outer diaphragm 22 and the inner diaphragm 17 thereby transmitting any pressure or acoustic signals to the electrolytic detector fluid in compartments 18.
- the wall of casing 11 is suflicient ly thick to inhibit substantial oxygen difiusion into compartments 18 while the outer chambers 23 filled with an oxygen scavenging compound prevent diifusion of oxygen through the relatively thin diaphragms 17.
- the difiusion oxygen reacts with the oxygen scavenging compound and is thereby absorbed by or reacts with said compound and is unavailable for diiiusion through diaphragm 17 into the chambers 18 containing the electrolyte solution.
- a detector cell having a very stable sensitivity even over prolonged periods of storage.
- An electrolytic detector cell comprising;
- each electrode of said pair of electrodes being disposed within a respective one of said compartments and external-1y connected to said orifice electrode by an electrical biasing circuit
- an oxygen scavenging compound filling each of said pair of chambers to absorb any oxygen that would tend to diffuse through said second pair of diaphragms to prevent diffusion of any oxygen through said first pair of diaphragms and poisoning of the electrolytic detector solution.
- An electrolytic detector cell comprising;
- first and second means respectively securing a respective one of said second pair of diaphragms in spaced relationship with a respective one of said first pair of diaphragms and together therewith forming a pair of chambers and (i) a liquid containing oxygen getter compound substantially filling each of said chambers whereby the oxygen getter compound in said chambers '4 protects the oxidation-reduction solution in said housing from oxidation by the ambient environment.
- An electrolytic detector cell comprising:
- an oxidation-reduction electrolytic fluid substantially filling said compartments, said fluid having the property of being poisoned by oxygen
- first and second means respectively securing a respective one of said second pair of diaphragms in spaced relationship with a respective one of said first pair of diaphragms and together therewith defining a fluid chamber on the outside of each of said pair of diaphragms and (1') a liquid including an oxygen scavenging compound substantially filling each of said chambers to prevent poisoning of the oxidation-reduction electrolytic fluid by ambient oxygen.
- An electrolytic detector cell comprising;
- first and second means respectively securing a respective one of said second pair of diaphragms in spaced relationship with a respective one of said first pair of diaphragms and together therewith defining a pair of chambers outwar ly adjacent to said first pair of diaphragms and (j) a quantity of oxygen scavenging liquid disposed within said chambers for absorbing oxygen that would normally diffuse through said first pair of dia phragms into the electrolytic solution and for hydraulically connecting said second pair of diaphragms with said first pair of diaphragms.
Description
Jan. 7, 1964 WILSON .L- ELECTROLYTIC DETECTOR CELL WITH ADJACENT COMPARTMENTS CONTAINING PROTECTIVE COMPOUND Filed Jan. 13, 1958 OXYGEN SCAVENGING,
OXIDATION REDUCTION LOUIS WILSON BY zw fl A TYS.
tats
Patented Jan. 7, 198% Ficc 3,117,259 ELEQTRGLYTKQ DETECTQER CELL WITH ADFJA- QENT MPART VIENTS QONTAHNENG PRQTEC- tZs'HvilGUND Louis Wiison, Havertown, Fa, assignor to United States oi America as represented by the fiecretary of the Navy Fiicd Jan. 13, 1958, Ser. N 798,734 4- Giairns. (til. 311-231) (Granted under Titie 35, U5. (lode (1952), see. 255) The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America without the payment of any royalites thereon or therefor.
The invention relates to an electrolytic detector cell which is highly resistent to the effects of oxygen gas that would normally diffuse through the housing thereof. More particularly, this application is concerned with a new and improved electrolytic detector cell having a pinrality of diaphragms defining a pair of chambers dis osed about the detector cells and filled with an oxygen getter compound.
In the electrolytic detector cells used prior to this invention, the active chemical ions in solution were subject to poisoning by oxygen dififusing into the detector solution through the relatively thin diaphragms of the cell from the ambient air. For example in an I -I solution, oxygen ditfusing through the flexible diaphragm surrounding the solution reacted with the I ion producing I3 ions, thereby altering the sensitivity of the detectOI.
Prior to this invention it was the practice to incorporate a plastic bag containing 0 scavenging compounds into the hydraulic housing of the detector to prevent oxygen from diffusing into the detector. The plastic bag in effect became a hydraulic shunt with respect to the detector insofar as oxygen diffusion was concerned. However, the plastic bag material had to be carefully selected in order to eliminate compatibility problems between the detector hydraulic fluid and detector component parts. Furthermore, this method was but a temporary expedient and by no means eliminated all of the oxygen diffusion through the diaphragm.
A second method of combating the absorption of oxygen by the electrolytic fiuid was to incorporate oxygen scavenging compounds directly into the hydraulic detector fluid. This mode of combating is inefiective if the detector is to be stored for long periods because of the oxygen scavenging compounds are not completely inert with respect to the other detector parts such as the rubber and dififerent emf metals. Thus, the oxygen scavenging compounds can be expected to become desensitized because of its reactivity with components of the cell. Furthermore, the thin diaphragms of the detector cell admit appreciable quantities of oxygen into the detector and the oxygen scavenging compound is quickly depleted by chemical reaction with the oxygen.
Accordingly, it is one object of this invention to provide a new and improved electrolytic detector cell of sensitivity which does not vary over long periods of storage.
Another object of this invention is the provision of a i new and improved detector cell including an oxygen getter compound for preventing deleterious O 'absorp tion into the housing containing the electrolytic detector fluid.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a detector cell having a pair of O scavenging chambers adjacent to the electrolytic detector compartment for preventing 0 diffusion through the diaphragm of that compartment and presenting no compatability problems with the components of the cell.
A still further object is the provision in an electrolytic detector cell of a pair of chambers containing oxygen scavenging compounds disposed adjacent each of the diaphragms of the detector cell and hydraulically coupled thereto for transmitting pressure signals to the cell and eliminating the diffusion of oxygen into the cell.
These and many other objects will become more readily apparent when the drawing is considered along with the attendant description.
Referring now to the drawing which shows in section one embodiment of my invention, it is seen that the detector cell is composed of a housing 11 having an apertured wall 12 interiorly thereof. Disposed within the aperture in wall 12 is an active electrode 13) which is connected by a biasing battery 14 to a meter 16. A pair of thin flexible diaphragrns 17 are disposed at either end of the housing and together with wall 12 define a pair of compartments 18 containing an oxidation-reduction electrolytic detector solution such as an I3 I ion system. A pair of electrodes 19 are each disposed in the respective compartments and are externally connected to the positive terminal of battery 14 via meter 16.
The above described portion of this cell is old and known in the art. It operates upon the fiexure of diaphragms 17 to bring electrolytic solution through the active orifice electrode 13 to produce an output voltage in the circuit between electrode 13 and an appropriate electrode 19. A more complete description of the basic principles of this type of cell is more fully described in a brochure entitled Solion-Principles of Electrochemistry and Low-Power Electrochemical Devices, published by the US. Naval Ordnance Laboratory in 1957 and currently available in revised form as a publication having the same title as publication No. PB 131931 of the US, Department of Commerce, Office of Technical Services. A pair of hollow members 21 are secured to the outer peripheral portion of the appropriate diaphragm 17. Each member 21 has an outer diaphragm 22 secured thereto defining a pair of chambers 23, one on either side of the compartments 18. These outermost chambers 23 are filled with oxygen getter compound. Since the getter compounds are not in contact with the electrolytic fluid, no compatability problems :are presented. The number of oxygen getter compounds suitable for the purpose is extremely large. Nevertheless a few examples are given merely as an indication of the extent of the range of suitable compounds which optionally may be employed; electrolytic solutions such as contained in the main chambers may be used if it is desired, however if an electrolytic solution containing an I -I system is disposed in chamber 23 it is necessary that a pair of polarizing electrodes be disposed within each chamber to maintain the polarization of the ions, paint dryers such as the linseed oil series, castor oil either in pure form or mixed with an inert solution is also suitable, the organo metallic compounds (Grignard series), organic amino and (NH derivative series in pure or solvent form also may serve as the getter compound. Lineoleate compounds and long chain fatty acid series have also been success fully used as the getter compound. A Pyrogallate solution in alkaline form is another suitable oxygen scavenger.
Since the chambers 2,3 are completely filled, they serve not only to absorb oxygen diffusing through the outer diaphragm 22 but provide an hydraulic connection between the outer diaphragm 22 and the inner diaphragm 17 thereby transmitting any pressure or acoustic signals to the electrolytic detector fluid in compartments 18. The wall of casing 11 is suflicient ly thick to inhibit substantial oxygen difiusion into compartments 18 while the outer chambers 23 filled with an oxygen scavenging compound prevent diifusion of oxygen through the relatively thin diaphragms 17. The difiusion oxygen reacts with the oxygen scavenging compound and is thereby absorbed by or reacts with said compound and is unavailable for diiiusion through diaphragm 17 into the chambers 18 containing the electrolyte solution. Thus, is provided a detector cell having a very stable sensitivity even over prolonged periods of storage.
While I have described this invention with particularity with reference to but one preferred embodiment thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art after reading and understanding the above description that it is by no means so limited. Accordingly, the example given hereinabove is to be construed as illustrative only and the invention is to be defined only by the terms of the appended claims.
What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. An electrolytic detector cell comprising;
(a) a housing having an apertured wall integrally formed therewith,
(b) a first pair of diaphragms secured to said housing on opposite sides of said wall and together therewith defining a pair of compartments,
() an electrolytic detector solution filling said cornpartments,
(b) an orifice electrode disposed within the aperture in said wall and externally connected to an electric circuit,
(e) a pair of electrodes, each electrode of said pair of electrodes being disposed within a respective one of said compartments and external-1y connected to said orifice electrode by an electrical biasing circuit,
(f) a second pair of diaphragms,
(g) a first and second means respectively securing a respective one of said second pair of diaphragms in spaced relationship with a respective one of said first pair of diaphragms and together therewith defining a pair of chambers, one of said chambers disposed externally of a respective one of said pair of compartments and,
(h) an oxygen scavenging compound filling each of said pair of chambers to absorb any oxygen that would tend to diffuse through said second pair of diaphragms to prevent diffusion of any oxygen through said first pair of diaphragms and poisoning of the electrolytic detector solution.
2. An electrolytic detector cell comprising;
(a) a housing,
(b) a first pair of diaphragms closing the exterior portion of said housing, said diaphragms being normally exposed to the ambient environment of the detector cell,
(c) an oxidation-reduction solution substantially filling said housing,
(:1) a plurality of exteriorly connected electrodes disposed in said solution and together therewith providing an electrolytic detector cell,
(6) an orifice electrode disposed Within said housing between said electrodes and electrically coupled thereto exteriorly of said housing,
(f) means disposed between said plurality of electrodes and supporting said orifice electrode within said housing,
(g) a second pair of diaphragms,
(h) first and second means respectively securing a respective one of said second pair of diaphragms in spaced relationship with a respective one of said first pair of diaphragms and together therewith forming a pair of chambers and (i) a liquid containing oxygen getter compound substantially filling each of said chambers whereby the oxygen getter compound in said chambers '4 protects the oxidation-reduction solution in said housing from oxidation by the ambient environment.
3. An electrolytic detector cell comprising:
(a) a housing,
(b) a pair of compartments disposed within said hous- (c) means disposed within said housing and separating said pair of compartments,
(d) orifice electrode means supported by the compartment separating means,
(e) a pair of electrodes disposed one each in said compartments, said electrodes being of opposite polarity to said orifice electrode means,
(1) an oxidation-reduction electrolytic fluid substantially filling said compartments, said fluid having the property of being poisoned by oxygen,
(g) a pair of diaphragms each disposed about a respective compartment for closure thereof,
(12) a second pair of diaphragms,
(i) first and second means respectively securing a respective one of said second pair of diaphragms in spaced relationship with a respective one of said first pair of diaphragms and together therewith defining a fluid chamber on the outside of each of said pair of diaphragms and (1') a liquid including an oxygen scavenging compound substantially filling each of said chambers to prevent poisoning of the oxidation-reduction electrolytic fluid by ambient oxygen.
4. An electrolytic detector cell comprising;
(a) a relatively thick-walled housing,
(b) an internal aperture wall aflixed to said housing;-
(c) an orifice electrode disposed within said aperture,
(d) a first pair of relatively thin diaphragms disposed at opposite ends of said housing and together with said apertured wall defining a pair of electrolytic compartments having said thin diaphragms as their outward walls,
(e) an oxidation-reduction electrolytic fluid filling said compartments,
(7) a pair of electrodes each disposed within a respective one of said compartments,
(g) external circuit means for biasing said last-named electrodes with respect to said orifice electrode and for connecting said electrodes to said orifice electrode,
(h) a second pair of diaphragms,
(Z) first and second means respectively securing a respective one of said second pair of diaphragms in spaced relationship with a respective one of said first pair of diaphragms and together therewith defining a pair of chambers outwar ly adjacent to said first pair of diaphragms and (j) a quantity of oxygen scavenging liquid disposed within said chambers for absorbing oxygen that would normally diffuse through said first pair of dia phragms into the electrolytic solution and for hydraulically connecting said second pair of diaphragms with said first pair of diaphragms.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,464,799 Harry et a1 July 30, 1946 2,495,209 Harry Aug. 6, 1946 2,405,210 Inglis Aug. 6, 1946 2,615,940 Williams Oct. 28, 1952 2,685,025 Root July 27, 1954 2,782,394 Hardway Feb. 9, 1957- 2,824,292 Christoph Feb. 18, 1958'.
OTHER REFERENCE5 Solions, Machine Design; vol. 29, Aug. 22, 1957,, pp. 102105.
Claims (1)
1. AN ELECTROLYTIC DETECTOR CELL COMPRISING; (A) A HOUSING HAVING AN APERTURED WALL INTEGRALLY FORMED THEREWITH, (B) A FIRST PAIR OF DIAPHRAGMS SECURED TO SAID HOUSING ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF SAID WALL AND TOGETHER THEREWITH DEFINING A PAIR OF COMPARTMENTS, (C) AN ELECTROLYTIC DETECTOR SOLUTION FILLING SAID COMPARTMENTS, (D) AN ORIFICE ELECTRODE DISPOSED WITHIN THE APERTURE IN SAID WALL AND EXTERNALLY CONNECTED TO AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT, (E) A PAIR OF ELECTRODES, EACH ELECTRODE OF SAID PAIR OF ELECTRODES BEING DISPOSED WITHIN A RESPECTIVE ONE OF SAID COMPARTMENTS AND EXTERNALLY CONNECTED TO SAID ORIFICE ELECTRODE BY AN ELECTRICAL BIASING CIRCUIT, (F) A SECOND PAIR OF DIAPHRAGMS, (G) A FIRST AND SECOND MEANS RESPECTIVELY SECURING A RESPECTIVE ONE OF SAID SECOND PAIR OF DIAPHRAGMS IN SPACED RELATIONSHIP WITH A RESPECTIVE ONE OF SAID FIRST PAIR OF DIAPHRAGMS AND TOGETHER THEREWITH DEFINING A PAIR OF CHAMBERS, ONE OF SAID CHAMBERS DISPOSED EXTERNALLY OF A RESPECTIVE ONE OF SAID PAIR OF COMPARTMENTS AND, (H) AN OXYGEN SCAVENGING COMPOUND FILLING EACH OF SAID PAIR OF CHAMBERS TO ABSORB ANY OXYGEN THAT WOULD TEND TO DIFFUSE THROUGH SAID SECOND PAIR OF DIAPHRAGMS TO PREVENT DIFFUSION OF ANY OXYGEN THROUGH SAID FIRST PAIR OF DIAPHRAGMS AND POSIONING OF THE ELECTROLYTIC DETECTOR SOLUTION.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3117259A true US3117259A (en) | 1964-01-07 |
Family
ID=3452278
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US3117259D Expired - Lifetime US3117259A (en) | Electrolytic detector cell with adjacent compartments |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3117259A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5445856A (en) * | 1993-11-10 | 1995-08-29 | Chaloner-Gill; Benjamin | Protective multilayer laminate for covering an electrochemical device |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2404799A (en) * | 1942-07-03 | 1946-07-30 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Submarine signal device |
| US2405209A (en) * | 1942-07-03 | 1946-08-06 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Submarine signal device |
| US2405210A (en) * | 1942-07-03 | 1946-08-06 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Submarine signal device |
| US2615940A (en) * | 1949-10-25 | 1952-10-28 | Williams Milton | Electrokinetic transducing method and apparatus |
| US2685025A (en) * | 1948-03-17 | 1954-07-27 | Iii Elihu Root | Electrolytic device |
| US2782394A (en) * | 1953-12-03 | 1957-02-19 | Cons Electrodynamics Corp | Electrokinetic-transducing devices |
| US2824292A (en) * | 1956-02-29 | 1958-02-18 | Walter P Christoph | Hydraulic power amplifier |
-
0
- US US3117259D patent/US3117259A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2404799A (en) * | 1942-07-03 | 1946-07-30 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Submarine signal device |
| US2405209A (en) * | 1942-07-03 | 1946-08-06 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Submarine signal device |
| US2405210A (en) * | 1942-07-03 | 1946-08-06 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Submarine signal device |
| US2685025A (en) * | 1948-03-17 | 1954-07-27 | Iii Elihu Root | Electrolytic device |
| US2615940A (en) * | 1949-10-25 | 1952-10-28 | Williams Milton | Electrokinetic transducing method and apparatus |
| US2782394A (en) * | 1953-12-03 | 1957-02-19 | Cons Electrodynamics Corp | Electrokinetic-transducing devices |
| US2824292A (en) * | 1956-02-29 | 1958-02-18 | Walter P Christoph | Hydraulic power amplifier |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5445856A (en) * | 1993-11-10 | 1995-08-29 | Chaloner-Gill; Benjamin | Protective multilayer laminate for covering an electrochemical device |
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