US3030627A - Multi-duty helmet - Google Patents

Description

April 1952 1. REHMAN ET AL 3,030,627

MULTI-DUTY HELMET Filed Sept. 30, 1958 4 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR.

IRVING (/VMI) REHMA/V ALE C. GIBSON BY 0 A ril 24, 1962 l. REHMAN ET AL MULTI-DUTY HELMET 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 50, 1958 INVENTOR. lRV/NG (/VM/l REHMA/V DALE C. G/BSOIV A LIZFYW ATT NEYS April 1962 1. REHMAN ET AL 3,030,627

MULTI-DUTY HELMET Filed Sept. 50*, 1958 4 Sheets-$heet 3 Fig. 5

INVENTOR.

IRVING (NM!) REHMA/V GIBSON BY DALE C cw A TTOR/VEYS April 24, 1 2 1. REVHMAN ET AL MULTI-DUTY HELMET 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Sept. 30, 1958 INVENTOR. lRVl/VG (NMI) REHMAN DALE 6. GIBSON ATTORNEYS United States Patent Orifice 3,030,627 Patented Apr. 24, 1962 3,030,627 MULTl-DUTY HELMET Irving Rehman, 5153 Tampa Ave, Tarzana, Calif, and Dale'C. Gibson, 1977 Willow St, San Diego, alif. Filed Sept. 30, 1958, er. No. 764,459 15 Claims. (Cl. 26) (Granted under Title 35, US. Code (1952), see. 266) The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by and for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.

This invention relates to a multi-duty helmet, and particularly, to a helmet designed for both the protection of the wearer and for the mounting of auxiliary equipment.

Various types of headgear are available for the use of tank, aircraft, mining personnel, etc., such as hard-sheel helmets designed for the mounting of auxiliary equipment. The large size of these helmets renders them particularly unsuitable for use as communications helmets, as the attachment of communications equipment such as a transceiver, ear defenders, a microphone, in effect, merely adds bulk and weight to already cumbersome helmets. They produce excessive pressure on nerves and blood vessels in various areas against the skull, and therefore, are not tolerable by the wearer for any length of time. In general, they are physiologically unsound. This combination of excessive weight and bulk also results in a curtailment of range of movement of the head and neck of the wearer. When the helmets are designed for use in a noisy environment they are usually lined with heavy padding toprovide noise attenuation. Actually, the pads limit voice communication without adequately protecting or insulating against high-level noise. A further disadvantage lies in the high cost of these helmets. This is primarily caused by the individual fit required because of the unique size and contour of a particular individual skull. Heretofore, the size adjustments have been limited to changing the diameter of a horizontal band, commonly termed a sweat band, going completely around the helmet just inside the helmet opening. The limitation encountered here is that, while the horizontal diameter of the skull is taken into consideration, no effort is made to accommodate the individual contour or shape of the skull. Thus, the prior art helmets must be individually fitted which results in a greatly increased cost on a large quantity basis. Another factor adding to the overall cost is the necessity for replacement helmets when any auxiliary equipment attached thereto requires maintenance or adjustment, i.e., the auxiliary equipment is not readily detachable.

It is therefore a primary object of this invention to provide a helmet utilizing a sturdy light-weight framework for mounting various equipment.

Another object is to provide a helmet with a simple size and contour adjustment for universality of iii.

A further object is to provide a helmet whereby the weight and surface area is distributed physiologically and functionally over the head and neck in a manner tolerable for long periods of time by the wearer.

Still another purpose is to provide an ambient noise attenuating helmet, capable of mounting hearing defenders.

A still further object is to provide a helmet for the mounting of intercommunications equipment including a transceiver whereby the transceiver is easily detachable for servicing and adjustment.

Yet another object is to provide a protective helmet which is compact and in close contact with the scalp and skull of the wearer.

A yet further object is to provide a helmet which does not restrict or limit the vision of the wearer.

Other objects, and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof.

According to the invention, a flexible band runs foreand-aft over the top of the head of the wearer, and preferably, a second hand which is a lateral extension of the fore-and-aft band at the top of the head, lends necessary lateral support to the helmet. A rigid member, which can be used for mounting auxiliary equipment, is attached to the first band at two points, one of which is a slidable attachment and the other a pivotal attachment. This latter member can have an arcuate inner surface in which case it must be of lesser radius of curvature than the flexible member. The slideable attachment provides a contour adjustment as will be described in detail. in length. Provision is made for the mounting of other auxiliary equipment to the flexible member, the details of which will also be described.

The following description is made in connection wit the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 shows the present invention utilized as a radio communications helmet;

FIG. 2 shows the embodiment of FIG. 1 from the posterior view;

FIG. 3 shows the embodiment of FIG. 1 from the lateral view;

FIG. 4 shows the view of FIG. 3 with the microphone, visor, and ear phones in standby position;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the size and contour adjustment;

FIGS.6a and 6b show details of the microphone boom adjustment;

FIG. 7 shows an exploded detail of FIG. 8;

FIG. 8 shows a modification of the helmet of this invention without the auxiliary equipment attached;

FIG. 9 is an interior view of a human head showing the arteries, veins, and nerves;

FIG. 10 is a lateral view of a human head showing arteries, veins, and nerves; and

7 FIG. 11 is a posterior view of the human head showing arteries, veins, and nerves.

Referring now to the drawing, and particularly to FIG- URES l to 3, a general description of the present invention will be given followed by a more detailed description of the individual features. FIGS. 1 to 3 illustrate a preferred embodiment of the present invention consisting basically of an individually fitted canvas head covering 16 on which is attached a resiliently flexible member 17 extending fore-and-aft along the canvas head covering 16, and an extension member 18 extending transversally to member 17 along the covering 16, it having been noted that this transverse member is a lateral extension of fore and aft member 17 so as also to be resiliently flexible for purposes which will become apparent. A rigid member 19 is pivotally attached to member 17 at a forward point A and slideably attached at an afterpoint B. This member, which preferably is concave to conform generally to the head-receiving concavity of the helmet, is also utilized as a transceiver housing.

The first band is also adjustable 3 Attached to an adjustable extension 21 of the flexible member 17 are a noise shield and microphone assembly 22 and a visor 23, both of which are adjustable. Hearing defenders and transducers 24 are adjustably attached to the transverse extension member 18.

The flexible member 17 extends along the longitudinal axis of the head from the glabella area above the bridge of the nose to a point approximately one-half inch beyond the external occipital protuberance 108 (FIG. 10) on the posterior aspects of the neck, and the transverse extension member 18 extends from the parietal area 112 (FIG. 10) of one side to the parietal area of the other, but placed anterior to the external auditory meatus 109 (FIG. 10) and terminating about one and one-half inch above the zygoma 97 (FIG. 10) on either side. The longitudinal member 17 is designed to loosely contour the saggital or an anteroposterior axis of the head, and is separated from the scalp by means of foam rubber or plastic layers, or fluid-filled pads 26, 27 designed to adapt the longitudinal and transverse extension members more accurately to the contour of the skull and scalp. At the anterior and posterior aspects of this longitudinal member, the pad 27 may be somewhat denser so as to apply greater pressure to the area over the nasal process between the two supraorbital nerves and blood vessels 98 (FIG. 10) and over the area surrounding external occipital protuberance 108. Pad 27 is so designed that it will override the external occipital protuberance 108 (FIG. 10) and project on to the posterior surfaces of the neck that meets the external occipital protuberance. It will therefore serve as an anchor or limiting pad to prevent the longitudinal member 17 from sliding forward on the scalp itself. The longitudinal member consists essentially of two parts; an anterior portion 21 approximately 3 inches long which slides within the larger posterior portion 17. An adjustment means 31 is provided to permit the slidable adjustment and to secure the two parts in a desired adjusted disposition. This increase or decrease in anterioposterior length of the longitudinal mounting framework contributes to the universality of fit as well as variations in the amount of pressure applied to the scalp and skull of the wearer. The underlying pads 26, 27 may be formed of various suitable materials designed to more accurately adapt the mounting framework to the wearer. In this embodiment the pads consist of two parts. The upper pad 26 is permanently attached to longitudinal member 17 and is of a stock thickness. The lower pad 27 can be of any desired thickness, and is varied in accordance with shape and size of an individual wearer. This provides an additional variable to insure universality of fit. The size and contour adjustment pressure is thus accomplished by the same anterior adjustable member 31 so that a comfortable fit is thus to be obtained.

Attached to the posterior part of the rigid longitudinal member 19 is a size and contour adjustment 32. This consists of a springloaded pin, or lever 33 that engages a series of holes 34 or slots in a frame portion 36 attached to the underside of the longitudinal member 17. A similar frame portion 37 is pivotally attached at the anterior part of the mounting framework to the rigid member 19.

The size or contour of the surface resting directly upon the head of the wearer is determined by the selection of particular holes 34. This adjustment can be better understood by reference to FIG. which shows a schematic representation of the principle involved. Point A corresponds to the fixed pivotal attachment A of FIG. 3. Point B corresponds to the adjustable spring-loaded attachment B of FIG. 3. The rigid and flexible members are given the same reference numerals in both figures to avoid confusion. It can be easily seen that if the adjustable connection at point B is moved to the right and downward, it will cause the flexible member 17 to straighten out toward the position indicated by the dotted line D. Conversely, if the spring-loaded adjustment corresponding to point B is moved upward and to the left on the flexible member, the flexible member will be caused to move upward toward the position indicated by dotted line C. The antero-posterior fore-and-aft, or longitudinal fit, may be further affected by adjusting the front piece of the longitudinal portion of the helmet by means of the length adjustment 31 to more closely conform to the length of the head. Thus, the length as well as the contour or radius of curvature of an individual skull is compensated for by these two adjustments. The lateral curvature of the transverse extension member 18 may be changed by manually altering its size in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 through 4, or in an alternative manner as shown by FIGS. 7 and 8. The transverse extension members 18 may be provided with adjustment, using the identical principal shown by the schematic drawing of FIG. 5, to be described in detail.

Referring back to FIG. 3, several adjustments are possible by means of holes 34 being selectively engaged by the spring-loaded plunger 33. This plunger, which is carried by rigid member 19, may be moved free of the flexible member of the mounting framework so that it is movable fore-and-aft to compress or release the resilient flexible member. After adjustment the plunger again is permitted to spring back into an aligned hole 34. The front part of this flexible member 17 is pivotally attached to the mounting framework so that any movement of size or contour adjustment 32. of the back part of flexible member 17 produces an increase or decrease in the radius of the curvature and antero-posterior distance or size. An additional size adjustment is obtained by moving the adjustable member 21 of the longitudinal mounting framework. This sliding adjustment also permits further adjustment to the visor 23 and noise shield 41 and microphone assembly 22 to compensate for minor variations in head height and face size. The visor 23, noise shield, and microphone assembly 22 are mounted on the movable member 21 and can be individually adjusted or changed as needed. Since these component parts are all freely adjustable or movable, any combination of accessory units may be used with the mounting framework.

The visor 23 may be mounted by means of a hinge 38 on a universal type linkage 39, 40 that allows movement in two planes. When in use, the visor is freely pressed against the peri-orbital structure, this pressure being evenly distributed by a rubber, plastic, or fluid seal 25. The lateral extent of the visor permits full peripheral vision as well as up and down. Minor contour adjustments may be made on the visor by manually bending the goggle framework. The framework is so mounted that it may be readily replaced by other types of visors to serve varying purposes in varying environments. As shown in FIG. 4, the visor 23 may also be turned up part way to serve as a glare shield or sun reflector. In the full stand-by position, the visor can be rotated upward to the point that contact is made with the transceiver housing 19. The tension of the universal joint maintains the visor in any desired position.

The noise shield 41 when in use, contacts the perioral area and contains a noise cancellation microphone. A push-to-talk button 45 is positioned on the front side of noise shield 41. This positioning has a dual purpose. The first, of course, is to provide a readily accessible location whereby the button is found by automatic reaction i.e. no time is lost feeling for the button. The second function of this location is to enhance the noise seal made by the contact of the noise shield 41 around the perioral area. Thus, the microphone assembly 22 can be adjusted to make light physical contact with the wearer, since on transmitting, a close seal is necessarily made when the push-to-talk button 45 is depressed thereby pushing the assembly 22 in firm physical contact with the wearer. The position of the shield and microphone assembly 22 can be varied by sliding it along a boom 42 on either side. Two ball and socket type joints 50 suspend the noise shield 41 so that movement in all three planes may be obtained. The supporting boom 42 of the shield and microphone assembly 22 is wide in the temple areas to avoid the visor23 and be lateral to the fields of peripheral vision. As shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b, a clamp is employed to permit adjustment of the microphone boom 42. The clamp consists of a rectangular block 43 having end. faces 44, 46, side faces 47, 48, upper face 49 and lower face 51. As can be seen, lower face 51 has a semi-circular cut-away portion 52. Cut-away portion 52 has acounterbore 53 and passing outwardly from counterbore 53 to side face 48 is a threaded hole 54. A clamping piece56 fits into counterbore 53. Integral with clamping piece 56 and passing through threaded hole 54 is a threaded member 57 with an extension handle 58. Rectangular block 43 has two tapped holes passing through from upper surface '49 to lower face 51 Where, by means of suitable screws, block 43 is mounted on longitudinal extension 21 (FIG. 1), microphone boom 42 can be easily affected by the wearer by unscrewing threaded member 57, adjusting the mike boom 42 to the desired position, and screwing threaded member 57 tightly in.

. Referring now to FIGS. 7 and 8 the illustrated modification'incorporating the size and contour adjustments of transverse extension member 18 is identical in principal to the adjustments of the longitudinal member 17. In this embodiment, the transverse extension 18 is also constructed of a resilient material. A rigid transverse member 61 is attached to the flexible member 18 at F by rivets or other conventional means, such as spot welding. As the apparatus is symmetrical, one side will be described only, as illustrated, in the interest of simplicity, it being understood that there are identical elements and adjustments on each side. The rigid horizontal member 61 is terminated in a threaded end 62. Attached to the transverse member 18 is a hollow mounting block 63 with a bore 64 for receiving rotatable fittings 65 (FIG. 2), and a threaded bore 66 for receivinga screw 67. Screw 67 is equipped with a clevis 68 having eyes 69. Fitting into the clevis 68 of screw 67 is threaded member 71 with an eye 72. These elements are pivotally secured by means of a connection through their aforementioned eyes. Turnbuckle 73 is threadably engaged with threaded member 71 and the threaded end 62 of rigid member 61. It will be understood at this point that rotating the turnbuckle 73 will result in an overall change of length of the rigid member 61 and thus force a resulting change in the radius of curvature and contour of the transverse member 18. In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 through 4, additional fit and stability is provided by the ear defenders 24 as they contact the lateral aspects of the head, particularly in relation to the ear and mastoid areas. This adjustment accomplishes the result of adjusting the contour and size by changing the are or radius of curvature of the flexible member of the mounting framework as set out above.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the ear defenders 24 are mounted by means of a centrally located ball joint 74 to a spring tension suspension member 76, which, in turn, is mounted through a slide-swivel joint 77 to the mounting block 63 on the lateral extension member 18. The central position of the ball joint 74 distributes the pressure evenly around the ear from the spring suspension member 76. These features, in addition to providing a good acoustic seal, lends considerable lateral support to the entire helmet in conjunction with the transverse extension member 18. The rims 78 of the defenders 24 insure a good acoustic seal (FIG. 4). This latter feature will be further described in more detail.

The pliable head covering 16 is preferably constructed of canvas or plastic. A better acoustic seal about the cars is obtained by impregnating the side .panels 81 of the cloth helmet 16 with latex or plastic. An opening 82 is cut out of this impregnated panel in the region of the ear to permit the ear to protrude through the pliable covering into the ear defenders 24. These impregnations also lend enough body to' the head covering to obviate the necessity for ridging or lining the edge of apertures 82 i.e.,'the edges resist the tendency to curl or fringe. The head covering as illustrated is held in place by a chin strap 86. Mounting straps 87 are provided for holding the longitudinal flexible member 17 and the transverse extensions 18 thereof. These straps 87 are shown with snap fittings 88, but any conventional fastening means may be employed.

In general, the mass and weight of the helmet are distributed physiologically and functionally over the head and neck in order to be well tolerated by the wearer. The weight of the helmet and associated equipment mounted on or attached to it, is distributed so that the center of weight and gravity falls over the atlanto-occipital articulation and upper end of the vertebral column in a longitudinal axis. This tends to minimize the physiological need for increased tonic contraction of the sternomastoid, trapezious and erector spinalis muscles to maintain increased tonus and partial contraction to maintain the head in an erect position. This additional weight of the helmet and associated equipment is balanced with its center over the most cephalic part of the vertebral column. Movements of the head and neck are therefore not inhibited and a minimum of muscular activity is required to produce the normal movement of the head and neck.

Referring in detail to FIGURES 9-11, the mounting of the support for the visor 23 and microphone assembly 22 (FIG. 1) are at the forward end of the mounting framework, and these, in turn, are counter-balanced by a transceiver and batteries located in the hollow rigid member 19. The batteries are placed as far aft in the enclosure as possible so that the center of weight mass or gravity of the helmet and associated equipment lies at a relatively low level above the axis and atlas 91 at approximately the atlanto-occipital articulation 92. This low center of gravity allows the wearer to be relatively unaffected by the weight of the helmet and equipment. The stormmastoid 93 and trapezius muscles 94 can thus remain in a relaxed position and permit the carrying of this additional load with a minimum of fatigue setting in.

The visor 23 (FIG. 1) is mounted from the front or anterior part of the mounting framework. It utilizes a fluid or plastic pressure seal 25 (FIG. 1) against the supra orbital area, the nasal process, infra-orbital ridge and vessels 96, and zygomatic arch 97. This wide distribution of pressure thus provides a good seal against bony land marks and avoids excessive pressure againt the infra orbital and supraorbital nerves and blood vessels 96 and 98. The facial arteries 99 and veins 101 are thus avoided by using bony ridges for support. A noise cancelling microphone is mounted within the noise shield 41 that contacts the perioral area. The noise shield 41 applies light pressure against the mandible anterior 102.

The area of contact is spread over a wide surface so that no excessive pressure is brought to bear on the mandible 102 or facial artery 99 and vein 101.

The ear defenders and receivers 24 also take advantage of the extensive contact surface to distribute pressure exerted against the head in order to obtain a good acoustics seal. The defenders rest against the posterior aspects of the zygomatic arch 97 and the superficial temporal vessels 106, and the mastoid process 103. The major nerve and vessels are not compressed, although their terminal branches may be covered by the fluid seal defender. The facial nerve 104 lies at a deeper level, and therefore, is not affected. The defenders and receivers as additional equipment add some weight to the helmet, this weight lies on a horizontal axis passing through the atlanto-occipital articulation 92 or center of rotation of the bead upon the neck, and therefore, causes no additional strain to the muscles of the neck. As previously stated, the longitudinal member 17 rests on the head between the supraorbital vessels 107 at the anterior aspect and at the posterior aspect the longitudinal member 17 will override the external occipital protuberance H38 and project onto the posterior surfaces of the neck beneath the external occipital protuberance 103. The transverse extension member 18 extends transversely from the longitudinal member 117 and lies anterior to the external auditory meatus 109 but posterior to the midpoint of the skull and faces obliquely forward in order to parallel the superficial temporal vessels 106. This member conforms to the lateral or transverse contour of the scalp and skull and is separated from the skull by either fluid-filled layers or pads of sponge or foam rubber, or similar plastic to accommodate the mounting framework to the skulls contour which can be extensions of the pads disposed between the longitudinal member and the head covering. The transverse extension member can be manually formed or adjusted to accurately conform to the lateral or transverse contour of the head.

Since the transverse extension member lies anterior to the external auditory canal where the superficial temporal vessels 166, temporal muscles and facial nerve branches 104 lie, pressure will not be applied to these structures, and freedom of anatomical and physiological action results. The transverse extension member 18 of the mounting framework also lies anterior to the occipital vessels 110 and lesser occipital nerve 111, so that no pressure is brought to bear on these structures. The padding beneath the transverse member 18 contacts the parietal area 112 of the head in a non-vital area, thus permitting long comfortable wearing of the helmet. This position of the transverse extension member 18 also permits placing the ear defenders 24 in a stand-by position over the occipito-mastoid or temporal-frontal area. The receivers within the ear defenders are thus functional in the stand-by position, utilizing air borne transmission and bone conduction through the mastoid process 103 or temporal-frontal bone 113. These stand-by positions are illustrated in FIGURE 4.

It is seen that the actual weight supporting mounting framework of this helmet does not overlie any of the major anatomical structure enervating the scalp or supplying the scalp with blood. Physiological and anatomical interference such as ischemia, therefore, does not occur, and normal activity is present. Thus comfortable wearing of the helmet for extended periods of time results without loss of efficiency or fatigue.

It should be understood that the foregoing disclosure related only to a particular communications embodiment of the invention. This invention is not restricted to use in noise attenuation or radio communications, but is susceptible to use in any supporting application especially where a mounting support is required, as for example: in head restraint; in the medical field for the support of a head mirror or light; in the diving or aviation field for the support of visors, face masks and breathing apparatus; or modified for helmet use. It is also pointed out that the longitudinal members permit attachment of a restraint mechanism to limit the range of movement of the head and neck to a non-traumatic extent, i.e., in suddent decellerations that result in whiplash injuries.

Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.

What is claimed is:

l. A multi-purpose helmet adapted to be fitted to an individual head, comprising a rigid concave member, a first resiliently flexible concave member adapted to extend longitudinally along one axis of said head, a second resiliently flexible concave member adapted to extend longitudinally along another axis of said head, said first and second flexible members adapted to rest upon the surface of said head and conform to the radius thereof, said first flexible member being substantially transverse to said second flexible member, said first and second flexible member crossing each other and being attached to each other at the point of crossing, said first flexible member carrying said rigid member, and interconnecting means disposed at spaced points along the axis of said first flexible member, said interconnecting means connecting said first flexible member and said rigid member, and said first flexible member having a circumferential length less than said rigid member between any points of interconnection.

2. The helmet of claim 1 including a second rigid member, said second rigid member being carried by said second flexible member.

3. The helmet of claim 2 wherein said second rigid member includes two length adjusting means, whereby the radius of curvature of said second flexible member is thereby variable.

4. A multi-purpose helmet adapted to be fitted to an individual head, comprising a fore and aft resiliently flexible concave member adapted to extend longitudinally along a fore and aft axis of said head and conform generally to its radius, a rigid concave member carried by said flexible member, interconnecting means disposed at spaced fore and aft locations for coupling together said flexible and rigid members, a head fitting means, and securing means for mounting said members in a firmly supported position on said head fitting means, said fore and aft flexible member having a circumferential length less than said rigid member between its spaced fore and aft interconnective locations.

5. The helmet of claim 4 wherein said interconnecting means and said securing means both are detachable.

6. The helmet of claim 5 wherein said head fitting means is formed of a closely-fitting pliable head cover having face and ear openings and being provided with a chin strap for maintaining said close fit.

7. The helmet of claim 4 wherein said interconnecting means are adjustable for varying the radius of curvature of said resiliently flexible member.

8. The helmet of claim 4 wherein said fore and aft flexible member includes an extension member projecting forwardly of said fore and aft axis, and adjustable means coupling said extension to the remainder of said flexible member for permitting a variation in the extent of said projection.

9. The helmet of claim 8 further including a visor adjustably mounted to said extension.

10. The helmet of claim 4 wherein said fore and aft member includes resiliently flexible lateral extensions forming a transverse extension member disposed longitudinally along an axis of said head running transversely of said fore and aft axis, and said securing means includes members for securely binding together said lateral extensions and said head fitting means whereby lateral support is provided for said interconnected rigid member.

11. The helmet of claim 10 wherein said fore and aft member and its lateral extensions both are adapted for dependently supporting helmet accessories.

12. The helmet of claim 10 further including cushioning means disposed between said flexible members and the head of the wearer.

13. The helmet of claim 4 wherein one end of said fore and aft resilient flexible member is adapted to be positioned in the region between the supra-orbital vessels of the wearer and the other end in the region between the wearers greater occipital vessels.

14. The helmet of claim 13 wherein said resilient member is adapted to clamp the head of the wearer at the supra-orbital ridge and under the external occipital protuberance.

15. The helmet of claim 4 wherein said rigid memher is adapted to house auxiliary equipment.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Lehman Sept. 2, 1919 Shewhart Ian. 11, 1921 Timmons Jan. 1, 1924 Childress July 21, 1925 Jones Oct. 13, 1925 10

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