US2423674A - Process of catalytic cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Process of catalytic cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons Download PDF

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Publication number
US2423674A
US2423674A US542005A US54200544A US2423674A US 2423674 A US2423674 A US 2423674A US 542005 A US542005 A US 542005A US 54200544 A US54200544 A US 54200544A US 2423674 A US2423674 A US 2423674A
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oil
petroleum
cracking
hole
shale
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US542005A
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Agren Per Henning Wilhelm
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A Johnson & Co
Johnson & Co A
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G11/10Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with stationary catalyst bed
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G11/14Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
    • C10G11/16Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "moving bed" method

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process of catalytic cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons which is characterized by the fact that the hydrocarbons in the liquid and/or vapor phase, in connection with cracking, are brought in contact with a catalyst entirely or at least partly consisting of oil-shape and/or mineral residue of such shale, e. g. residue from distillation or burning thereof, such as shale ashes and the like.
  • the catalysts hitherto employed in the cracking of petroleum consisting of metals, oxidic substances and the like, are either too sensitive to so called catalytic poisons, particularly sulfur which frequently occurs in petroleum, or else possess too little catalytic power to be suitable for industrial use without complicated arrangements. It has now been found that catalysts of oil-shale or similar material of the above stated kind, possess valuable properties in these respects.
  • the catalyst may from the outset consist of ordinary shale ashes, i. e. ashes obtained in burning or calcining of oil-shale, with or without admixture of other suitable catalytic substances of low sensitivity to sulfur, or the 'catalyst may originally be wholly or partly composed of natural shale.
  • the process which comprises pumping crude petroleum oil into a hole drilled in an oil-bearing shale rock formation in contact with said rock while heating the drill hole sufficiently to bring the formation to a temperature within the range of about 250 to600 C. and under a pressure within the range of from atmospheric to 50 atmospheres, withdrawing the resulting products including cracked gases from said hole, passing oil into said hole until the natural oil content of the formation is exhausted, thereafter continuing to pass oil into said hole maintained at said cracking temperature and pressure while utilizing the catalytic properties of the rock to enhance the cracking of said petroleum oil, withdrawing the cracked products including cracked gases from said hole, and recycling said cracked gases to said hole during the cracking process.

Description

Patented July 8, 1947 PROCESS OF CATALYTIC CRACKING OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS Per Henning Wilhelm Agren, Nynashamn, Sweden, assignor to A. Johnson & 00., New York, N. I[., a company oi Delaware No-Drawing. Application June 24, 1944, Serial No. 542,005. In Sweden August 24, 1942 2 Claims. (Cl 196-52) The present invention relates to a process of catalytic cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons which is characterized by the fact that the hydrocarbons in the liquid and/or vapor phase, in connection with cracking, are brought in contact with a catalyst entirely or at least partly consisting of oil-shape and/or mineral residue of such shale, e. g. residue from distillation or burning thereof, such as shale ashes and the like.
The catalysts hitherto employed in the cracking of petroleum, consisting of metals, oxidic substances and the like, are either too sensitive to so called catalytic poisons, particularly sulfur which frequently occurs in petroleum, or else possess too little catalytic power to be suitable for industrial use without complicated arrangements. It has now been found that catalysts of oil-shale or similar material of the above stated kind, possess valuable properties in these respects. The catalyst may from the outset consist of ordinary shale ashes, i. e. ashes obtained in burning or calcining of oil-shale, with or without admixture of other suitable catalytic substances of low sensitivity to sulfur, or the 'catalyst may originally be wholly or partly composed of natural shale. This alsomakes it possible to carry out the catalytic treatment of petroleum hydrocarbons in contact with naturally occurring oil-shale or its more or less transformed residues, e. g. by pumping crude petroleum into drill holes in oilshale rocks simultaneously with or after a distilling off of the shale oil from the rock by the so called in situ-method, while heating the said drill holes and conveying the oil so that suitable operating conditions are produced. After a short period of operation the oil shale is, of course, free from its naturally occurring oil.
Suitable operating temperatures and pressures, both when treating the petroleum by contacting it in the drill holes with the catalyst forming part of the surrounding rock, and when carrying out the treatment in known petroleum cracking units,
are from 250 to 600 C. and from atmosphericpressure up to 50 atmospheres, under which conditions the catalysts in question have proven to function extremely satisfactory both in regard to yield and to durability. In order to obtain high yields it is suitable to let such gases as are contained in the reaction-mixture, particularly the low-molecular ones, pass over the catalyst several times.
I claim:
1. In the cracking of petroleum oils, the process which comprises passing such an oil into a hole drilled in a natural oil-shale rock formation in contact with said rock and while heating the drill hole to cracking temperatures, passing the oil into said hole until the natural oil content of the formation is exhusted and withdrawing the resulting products from said hole, thereafter continuing to pass oil into said hole and cracking it therein utilizing the catalytic properties of the natural rock formation to enhance the cracking of said petroleum oil, and withdrawing the cracked products from said hole.
2. In the cracking of petroleum oils, the process which comprises pumping crude petroleum oil into a hole drilled in an oil-bearing shale rock formation in contact with said rock while heating the drill hole sufficiently to bring the formation to a temperature within the range of about 250 to600 C. and under a pressure within the range of from atmospheric to 50 atmospheres, withdrawing the resulting products including cracked gases from said hole, passing oil into said hole until the natural oil content of the formation is exhausted, thereafter continuing to pass oil into said hole maintained at said cracking temperature and pressure while utilizing the catalytic properties of the rock to enhance the cracking of said petroleum oil, withdrawing the cracked products including cracked gases from said hole, and recycling said cracked gases to said hole during the cracking process.
PER HENNING WILHELM AGREN.
REFERENCES strap The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED s'rs'ras PA'I'ENTS Number Name Date 1,458,983 Kirby June 19, 1923 1,475,901 Thompson Nov. 27, 1923 1,707,759 Hampton Apr. 2, 1929 1,868,737 Eglofl July 26, 1932 2,054,725 Greenstreet Sept. 15, 1936 1,614,660 Darlington et al Jan. 18, 1937 2,078,945 Houdry May 4, 1937 1,342,741 Day June 8, 1920 2,265,923 Normand Dec. 9, 1941 1,940,725 Morrell Dec. 26, 1933 1,467,758 Day Sept. 11, 1923 1,917,324 Pier et a1 July 11, 1933 2,382,471 Frey Aug. 14, 1945 1,510,655 Clark Oct. 7, 1924 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 511,768 Great Britain Aug. 24, 1939 7 OTHER REFERENCES Dunstan et al., fThe Science of Petroleum, vol.
IV, pages 3085 and 3089. Published 1938 by 0xford University Press, New York. (Copy in Division 31.)
US542005A 1942-08-24 1944-06-24 Process of catalytic cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons Expired - Lifetime US2423674A (en)

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Cited By (49)

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US2623843A (en) * 1949-08-31 1952-12-30 Standard Oil Dev Co Refining of liquid or semiliquid carbonaceous materials
US2733193A (en) * 1956-01-31 Haensel
US2871942A (en) * 1956-11-29 1959-02-03 Texas Co In situ combustion
US2939884A (en) * 1956-11-13 1960-06-07 Texaco Inc Method for performing chemical reactions, particularly in underground storage cavities
US3024097A (en) * 1957-07-22 1962-03-06 Phillips Petroleum Co Process and arrangement of apparatus for production of mixtures of carbon oxides andhydrogen
US3061009A (en) * 1958-01-17 1962-10-30 Svenska Skifferolje Ab Method of recovery from fossil fuel bearing strata
US3072187A (en) * 1960-05-12 1963-01-08 Phillips Petroleum Co Production and upgrading of hydrocarbons in situ
US3126957A (en) * 1964-03-31 Underground initiated miscible
US3322195A (en) * 1964-01-20 1967-05-30 Exxon Research Engineering Co Process and apparatus for recovery of additional fuels from oil and gas wells
US4193454A (en) * 1976-03-15 1980-03-18 Mobil Oil Corporation Super-active clay catalyst and use thereof
US20030080604A1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2003-05-01 Vinegar Harold J. In situ thermal processing and inhibiting migration of fluids into or out of an in situ oil shale formation
US20030079877A1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2003-05-01 Wellington Scott Lee In situ thermal processing of a relatively impermeable formation in a reducing environment
US20030100451A1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2003-05-29 Messier Margaret Ann In situ thermal recovery from a relatively permeable formation with backproduction through a heater wellbore
US6581684B2 (en) 2000-04-24 2003-06-24 Shell Oil Company In Situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation to produce sulfur containing formation fluids
US6588504B2 (en) 2000-04-24 2003-07-08 Shell Oil Company In situ thermal processing of a coal formation to produce nitrogen and/or sulfur containing formation fluids
US20030155111A1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2003-08-21 Shell Oil Co In situ thermal processing of a tar sands formation
US20030173085A1 (en) * 2001-10-24 2003-09-18 Vinegar Harold J. Upgrading and mining of coal
US20030173081A1 (en) * 2001-10-24 2003-09-18 Vinegar Harold J. In situ thermal processing of an oil reservoir formation
US20030196810A1 (en) * 2001-10-24 2003-10-23 Vinegar Harold J. Treatment of a hydrocarbon containing formation after heating
US6698515B2 (en) 2000-04-24 2004-03-02 Shell Oil Company In situ thermal processing of a coal formation using a relatively slow heating rate
US6715546B2 (en) 2000-04-24 2004-04-06 Shell Oil Company In situ production of synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon containing formation through a heat source wellbore
US6715548B2 (en) 2000-04-24 2004-04-06 Shell Oil Company In situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation to produce nitrogen containing formation fluids
US20050269094A1 (en) * 2004-04-23 2005-12-08 Harris Christopher K Triaxial temperature limited heater
US7011154B2 (en) 2000-04-24 2006-03-14 Shell Oil Company In situ recovery from a kerogen and liquid hydrocarbon containing formation
US7073578B2 (en) 2002-10-24 2006-07-11 Shell Oil Company Staged and/or patterned heating during in situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation
US7090013B2 (en) 2001-10-24 2006-08-15 Shell Oil Company In situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation to produce heated fluids
US7096953B2 (en) 2000-04-24 2006-08-29 Shell Oil Company In situ thermal processing of a coal formation using a movable heating element
US7104319B2 (en) 2001-10-24 2006-09-12 Shell Oil Company In situ thermal processing of a heavy oil diatomite formation
US7121342B2 (en) 2003-04-24 2006-10-17 Shell Oil Company Thermal processes for subsurface formations
US7165615B2 (en) 2001-10-24 2007-01-23 Shell Oil Company In situ recovery from a hydrocarbon containing formation using conductor-in-conduit heat sources with an electrically conductive material in the overburden
US20070045265A1 (en) * 2005-04-22 2007-03-01 Mckinzie Billy J Ii Low temperature barriers with heat interceptor wells for in situ processes
US20070095536A1 (en) * 2005-10-24 2007-05-03 Vinegar Harold J Cogeneration systems and processes for treating hydrocarbon containing formations
US20070108201A1 (en) * 2005-04-22 2007-05-17 Vinegar Harold J Insulated conductor temperature limited heater for subsurface heating coupled in a three-phase wye configuration
US20080035348A1 (en) * 2006-04-21 2008-02-14 Vitek John M Temperature limited heaters using phase transformation of ferromagnetic material
US20080128134A1 (en) * 2006-10-20 2008-06-05 Ramesh Raju Mudunuri Producing drive fluid in situ in tar sands formations
US20090071652A1 (en) * 2007-04-20 2009-03-19 Vinegar Harold J In situ heat treatment from multiple layers of a tar sands formation
US20090189617A1 (en) * 2007-10-19 2009-07-30 David Burns Continuous subsurface heater temperature measurement
US20090260824A1 (en) * 2008-04-18 2009-10-22 David Booth Burns Hydrocarbon production from mines and tunnels used in treating subsurface hydrocarbon containing formations
US20100089584A1 (en) * 2008-10-13 2010-04-15 David Booth Burns Double insulated heaters for treating subsurface formations
US20100155062A1 (en) * 2007-07-24 2010-06-24 Boone Thomas J Use Of A Heavy Petroleum Fraction As A Drive Fluid In The Recovery of Hydrocarbons From A Subterranean Formation
US20100258291A1 (en) * 2009-04-10 2010-10-14 Everett De St Remey Edward Heated liners for treating subsurface hydrocarbon containing formations
US20130161008A1 (en) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 Argonne National Laboratory Preparation and use of nano-catalysts for in-situ reaction with kerogen
US8631866B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2014-01-21 Shell Oil Company Leak detection in circulated fluid systems for heating subsurface formations
US8701768B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2014-04-22 Shell Oil Company Methods for treating hydrocarbon formations
US8820406B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2014-09-02 Shell Oil Company Electrodes for electrical current flow heating of subsurface formations with conductive material in wellbore
US9016370B2 (en) 2011-04-08 2015-04-28 Shell Oil Company Partial solution mining of hydrocarbon containing layers prior to in situ heat treatment
US9033042B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2015-05-19 Shell Oil Company Forming bitumen barriers in subsurface hydrocarbon formations
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US3126957A (en) * 1964-03-31 Underground initiated miscible
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US2939884A (en) * 1956-11-13 1960-06-07 Texaco Inc Method for performing chemical reactions, particularly in underground storage cavities
US2871942A (en) * 1956-11-29 1959-02-03 Texas Co In situ combustion
US3024097A (en) * 1957-07-22 1962-03-06 Phillips Petroleum Co Process and arrangement of apparatus for production of mixtures of carbon oxides andhydrogen
US3061009A (en) * 1958-01-17 1962-10-30 Svenska Skifferolje Ab Method of recovery from fossil fuel bearing strata
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US3322195A (en) * 1964-01-20 1967-05-30 Exxon Research Engineering Co Process and apparatus for recovery of additional fuels from oil and gas wells
US4193454A (en) * 1976-03-15 1980-03-18 Mobil Oil Corporation Super-active clay catalyst and use thereof
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