US2375116A - Riveted construction - Google Patents
Riveted construction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2375116A US2375116A US490144A US49014443A US2375116A US 2375116 A US2375116 A US 2375116A US 490144 A US490144 A US 490144A US 49014443 A US49014443 A US 49014443A US 2375116 A US2375116 A US 2375116A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- plates
- rivet
- diameter
- rivets
- holes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000817 safety factor Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C3/06—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
- F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
- F16B19/06—Solid rivets made in one piece
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
- E04C2003/0413—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section being built up from several parts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0426—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section
- E04C2003/0434—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section the open cross-section free of enclosed cavities
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
- E04C2003/0452—H- or I-shaped
Definitions
- This invention relates to a fabrication of parts constituting structural steel elements which may be used advantageously in building construction or framework.
- the invention contemplates the integrating of various parts, components or pieces to produce an integer or structural integrality which will be of increased strength. Among others, it is contemplated to produce main columns in accordance with the invention. Such main col-y umns because of the increased strength and structural characteristics, enable the ,erection of buildings to a greater height than heretofore possible with adequate safety factors being provided With regard to wind stresses, gravity load and legal requirements.
- the invention also resides in the means by which the components or pieces are joined, united or secured.
- Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary section of the column shown in Fig. 1,- showing fasteners or rivets completely formed and the material for another prior to its formation.
- Fig. 3 is a transverse section of a rolled column reinforced in accordance with the invention.
- Fig. 4 is a modification of the reinforcement of a rolled column, a portion of which is shown.
- Fig. 5 is a fragmentary section showing a further modification.
- Fig. 6 is a view of a rivet blank.
- Fig. 7 is a section showing the riveting of two relatively thin plates.
- the capacity of the rivet grip is increased by gradually increasing the diameter or width of drilled and reamed rivet holes in opposite directions beginning at the intermediate contact point of the components to be connected to each other. These rivet holes are in fact machine finished. Such increasefrom the intermediate point may be in the range of plus 5% to 10% greater diameter at'the outer surface than the diameter at the intermediate contact point of each component.
- the rivet or fastener conforming to the rivet holes provides two resistance portions in the entire length thereof, and thereby eliminates the aforesaid fracturing of the molecular structure and so utilizes'the rivet; or fastener at maximum tension capacity. It follows therefore that it is possible to integratevarious parts so that the integer will be of increasedst-rength for the intended purposes. i It is to be understood thatthe taper of ythe rivets as shown in the several views of the drawing is shown in an exaggerated manner.
- a builteup'lmain column' is provided.
- Use is made of a web plate I0, separate connecting angles II, and separate flange plates I2.
- 'Ihese components are fabricated or integrated as follows.
- the plate III is secured to the angles I I by rivets I3.
- a single ange plate I2 is secured to two of the angles II byrivets I4 and two plates I2 are secured to the remaining two angles I2 by rivets I5.
- Each rivet blank consists of a piece of malleable metal in the form of a pin which may be of uniform diameter as shown in Fig. 2 and designated I6 or have one preformed conical portion as shown in Fig. 6 in which said conical portion is designated I'I.
- the rivet blank is made red hot and one end is bucked up while the other end is pressed, hammered or swaged to form one or two -conical portions as the case may be. In vthis manner the plate I0 and angles III areriveted to each other and each of two of the angles II are likewise riveted to two of the plates I2.
- the built-upcolumnjs, as well asthe reinforced colun'lns make it possible to erect buildings to a greater height than heretofore with adequate safety factors regarding wind stresses, gravity load and legal requirements being antici- Dated.
- a reinforcement involving - ⁇ the use of four plates I9 in. connection with the flanges of a rolled column is shown.
- the rivets 22' are like the rivets 2I whose conical portions are of unequalY length.
- three of the plates are held by the longer conical portion while the shorter conical portion joins the remaining plateto the flange of the column.
- v'In Fig. 7 relatively thin plates 2li are riveted to each other.
- ⁇ of thin plates where only shallow holes :are ⁇ lo'ossibld a rivetA 215 is swag'ed to provide conical portions in conjunction withblocks 2E as well asthe plates.
- holes in ⁇ each block 26 and the contiguous plate provide a conical wall to which the swaged metal conforms.
- the conical portions of the formed rivet are equal due to the use: of an even number of members in accordance with the invention.
- a fabrication for building construction consisting of a plurality of plates laid flatwise against each other, and a plurality of fasteners extending transversely through said plates to secure the latterto each other and thus form a structural integrality, each of said fasteners consisting of a piece of malleable metal swaged to provide portions in continuation vof each other and which ilare outwardly from an intermediate point of the fastener, the diameter at the outer surface4 of the flare being not more than ten percent or f less than five percent in increased diameter than the diameter at said intermediate point, said plates having machine finished holes therein to conform to the fastener.
- a structural integrality comprising a plurality of structural members and rivets securing said members to* eachother, said members having drilled and reamedl holes therein gradually increasing in diameter in opposite directions from an intermediate contacting plane of certain membeis for each rivet, and each lrivet coni-orming to the walls of said holes, said diameter at the outer surface being in the range of plusve to ten percent greater than the diameter at said intermediate point.
Description
Patented May 1, 1945 OFFICE RIVETED CONSTRUCTION John A. Larkin, New York, N. Y.
Application June 9, 1943, Serial No. 490,144
Claims.
This invention relates to a fabrication of parts constituting structural steel elements which may be used advantageously in building construction or framework.
The invention contemplates the integrating of various parts, components or pieces to produce an integer or structural integrality which will be of increased strength. Among others, it is contemplated to produce main columns in accordance with the invention. Such main col-y umns because of the increased strength and structural characteristics, enable the ,erection of buildings to a greater height than heretofore possible with adequate safety factors being provided With regard to wind stresses, gravity load and legal requirements.
The invention also resides in the means by which the components or pieces are joined, united or secured.
The nature of the invention and its distinguishing features and advantages 'will appear when the following specification is read in connection with the accompanying'drawing, in -which- Fig. 1 is sectional perspective of a portion of a column built up in accordance with the invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary section of the column shown in Fig. 1,- showing fasteners or rivets completely formed and the material for another prior to its formation.
Fig. 3 is a transverse section of a rolled column reinforced in accordance with the invention.
Fig. 4 is a modification of the reinforcement of a rolled column, a portion of which is shown.
Fig. 5 is a fragmentary section showing a further modification.
Fig. 6 is a view of a rivet blank.
Fig. 7 is a section showing the riveting of two relatively thin plates.
Heretofore it has been the standard practice in connecting, fastening or securing plates and the like to drill holes of equal diameter from end to end and insert therein a red hot rivet blank whose projecting end is pressed, hammered or swaged into a button or other head or countersunk formation. The aforesaid method wherein button or other heads are formed, fractures the bre of the metal immediately under the heads so formed and so rendering the rivet of no denite value. i
In accordance with the present invention, the capacity of the rivet grip is increased by gradually increasing the diameter or width of drilled and reamed rivet holes in opposite directions beginning at the intermediate contact point of the components to be connected to each other. These rivet holes are in fact machine finished. Such increasefrom the intermediate point may be in the range of plus 5% to 10% greater diameter at'the outer surface than the diameter at the intermediate contact point of each component. In this manner the rivet or fastener conforming to the rivet holes provides two resistance portions in the entire length thereof, and thereby eliminates the aforesaid fracturing of the molecular structure and so utilizes'the rivet; or fastener at maximum tension capacity. It follows therefore that it is possible to integratevarious parts so that the integer will be of increasedst-rength for the intended purposes. i It is to be understood thatthe taper of ythe rivets as shown in the several views of the drawing is shown in an exaggerated manner.
`As shownpin Figs. 1 and 2, by way of example, a builteup'lmain column'is provided. Use is made of a web plate I0, separate connecting angles II, and separate flange plates I2. 'Ihese components are fabricated or integrated as follows. The plate III is secured to the angles I I by rivets I3. A single ange plate I2 is secured to two of the angles II byrivets I4 and two plates I2 are secured to the remaining two angles I2 by rivets I5.
In cases where an uneven number of members or components are secured to each other, the increased` diameter or Width of both the holes and the rivet blank Will start from the inner surface of one of the outer members and will gradually increase toward the outer surface of said member. Thus in Figs. l and 2, for each rivet blank there is one conical hole in one related angle II to receive one conical portion of the rivet and the holes in the plate I0 and the other angle II are of graduallyincreas'ing diameter to receive the other conical portion of the rivet I3. It will therefore be seen one conical portion is longer than the other. In other words, the conical portions are in continuation of each other and flare outwardly from an intermediate point which is coincidental with the contacting faces of platel IU and an angle I I. Each rivet blank consists of a piece of malleable metal in the form of a pin which may be of uniform diameter as shown in Fig. 2 and designated I6 or have one preformed conical portion as shown in Fig. 6 in which said conical portion is designated I'I. The rivet blank is made red hot and one end is bucked up while the other end is pressed, hammered or swaged to form one or two -conical portions as the case may be. In vthis manner the plate I0 and angles III areriveted to each other and each of two of the angles II are likewise riveted to two of the plates I2.
-In cases where an even number of members or components are secured to each other the conical portions of the,rivet are equal and the holes conform thereto. Thus the rivets I4 have equal conical portions.
In the reinforced construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4, wherein a rolled I column I3 is reinforced by'v plates 19, there are two plates I9 securedto the flanges at one side of the column and three plates I9 secured to the other flanges thereof. Since the two plates and a flange con'i sist of three members, the rivets 20 each havev conical portions of unequal length, whereas the rivets 2i which connect four members', namely, three plates and a flange, have conical portions of equallength. Reinforcing the rolled column gives added strength thereto over that of the largest columns hitherto rolled by steel plants. Hence, the built-upcolumnjs, as well asthe reinforced colun'lns, make it possible to erect buildings to a greater height than heretofore with adequate safety factors regarding wind stresses, gravity load and legal requirements being antici- Dated.
In Fig. 4 a reinforcement involving -`the use of four plates I9 in. connection with the flanges of a rolled column is shown. Hence, the rivets 22'are like the rivets 2I whose conical portions are of unequalY length. Inthis case three of the plates are held by the longer conical portion while the shorter conical portion joins the remaining plateto the flange of the column.
In Fig. 5, as in-,other case `where three members are used, the longer conical portion of the rivet 23 connects twoof the members against separating movement. away fromv the ythird* member, which latter receives the shorter conical member.
v'In Fig. 7 relatively thin plates 2li are riveted to each other. In thev case `of thin plates where only shallow holes :are {lo'ossibld a rivetA 215 is swag'ed to provide conical portions in conjunction withblocks 2E as well asthe plates. The
holes in `each block 26 and the contiguous plate provide a conical wall to which the swaged metal conforms. The conical portions of the formed rivet are equal due to the use: of an even number of members in accordance with the invention.
I claim:
1. A fabrication for building construction consisting of a plurality of plates laid flatwise against each other, and a plurality of fasteners extending transversely through said plates to secure the latterto each other and thus form a structural integrality, each of said fasteners consisting of a piece of malleable metal swaged to provide portions in continuation vof each other and which ilare outwardly from an intermediate point of the fastener, the diameter at the outer surface4 of the flare being not more than ten percent or f less than five percent in increased diameter than the diameter at said intermediate point, said plates having machine finished holes therein to conform to the fastener.
2. 4A fabrication as setforth in claim l, wherein said fastener portions may be of equal or unequal length. 4 l
3. A fabrication `as set forth in claim 1, wherein said intermediate point occursv coincidental with theplane of the contacting surfaces of certain of said plates.
4. A rolled steel flanged column, and reinforcing means riveted to the flanges of said column, said means consistingofplates, and rivets engaging said plates and flanges, each of said rivets being of gradually increased diameter in opposite directions from an intermediate point with respect to the longitudinal axis of the rivet, said diameter at the outer surface being inthe range of plus ve to ten percent greater than the diameter at said intermediate point, and said nanges and plates having machineinished holes therein to conform to the shape of thelrivetsv as aforesaid.
5. A structural integralitycomprising a plurality of structural members and rivets securing said members to* eachother, said members having drilled and reamedl holes therein gradually increasing in diameter in opposite directions from an intermediate contacting plane of certain membeis for each rivet, and each lrivet coni-orming to the walls of said holes, said diameter at the outer surface being in the range of plusve to ten percent greater than the diameter at said intermediate point. i
l JOHN A. LARKIN.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US490144A US2375116A (en) | 1943-06-09 | 1943-06-09 | Riveted construction |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US490144A US2375116A (en) | 1943-06-09 | 1943-06-09 | Riveted construction |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2375116A true US2375116A (en) | 1945-05-01 |
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ID=23946795
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US490144A Expired - Lifetime US2375116A (en) | 1943-06-09 | 1943-06-09 | Riveted construction |
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US (1) | US2375116A (en) |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2422500A (en) * | 1945-07-19 | 1947-06-17 | Carboloy Company Inc | Method of making mandrels |
US2633247A (en) * | 1949-10-14 | 1953-03-31 | George E Little | Semiportable pipe storage rack |
US2722291A (en) * | 1952-02-29 | 1955-11-01 | Chicago Malleable Castings Com | Brake beam construction |
US3092222A (en) * | 1958-02-26 | 1963-06-04 | William B Jaspert | Cruciform structural steel columns |
US4616464A (en) * | 1983-08-12 | 1986-10-14 | Arbed S.A. | Composite fire-resistant concrete/steel column or post |
US6095308A (en) * | 1997-10-11 | 2000-08-01 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Clutch plate for motor vehicle clutches |
WO2003047473A2 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2003-06-12 | Osteotech, Inc. | Spinal intervertebral implant, interconnections for such implant and processes for making |
US20040044409A1 (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2004-03-04 | Alfaro Arthur A. | Intervertebral implants |
US20050143740A1 (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2005-06-30 | Morris John W. | Implant retaining device |
US20090013640A1 (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2009-01-15 | Apostolos Caroussos | Beams, columns, walls, and floors of armed wood |
US20100049326A1 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2010-02-25 | Petersen Kenneth C | Joint revision implant |
US20110010952A1 (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2011-01-20 | Andreas Stihl Ag & Co Kg | Guide Bar for the Saw Chain of a Power Saw |
US8333985B2 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2012-12-18 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Non-glycerol stabilized bone graft |
US20180325692A1 (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2018-11-15 | K2M, Inc. | Interbody spacer |
-
1943
- 1943-06-09 US US490144A patent/US2375116A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2422500A (en) * | 1945-07-19 | 1947-06-17 | Carboloy Company Inc | Method of making mandrels |
US2633247A (en) * | 1949-10-14 | 1953-03-31 | George E Little | Semiportable pipe storage rack |
US2722291A (en) * | 1952-02-29 | 1955-11-01 | Chicago Malleable Castings Com | Brake beam construction |
US3092222A (en) * | 1958-02-26 | 1963-06-04 | William B Jaspert | Cruciform structural steel columns |
US4616464A (en) * | 1983-08-12 | 1986-10-14 | Arbed S.A. | Composite fire-resistant concrete/steel column or post |
US6095308A (en) * | 1997-10-11 | 2000-08-01 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Clutch plate for motor vehicle clutches |
ES2158758A1 (en) * | 1997-10-11 | 2001-09-01 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Clutch plate for motor vehicle clutches |
US20040044409A1 (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2004-03-04 | Alfaro Arthur A. | Intervertebral implants |
US7662185B2 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 2010-02-16 | Osteotech, Inc. | Intervertebral implants |
US20050143740A1 (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2005-06-30 | Morris John W. | Implant retaining device |
US7780708B2 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2010-08-24 | Osteotech, Inc. | Implant retaining device |
US8672980B2 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2014-03-18 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Implant retaining device |
US20110054614A1 (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2011-03-03 | Morris John W | Implant retaining device |
WO2003047473A2 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2003-06-12 | Osteotech, Inc. | Spinal intervertebral implant, interconnections for such implant and processes for making |
US6855167B2 (en) | 2001-12-05 | 2005-02-15 | Osteotech, Inc. | Spinal intervertebral implant, interconnections for such implant and processes for making |
US7726002B2 (en) | 2001-12-05 | 2010-06-01 | Osteotech, Inc. | Processes for making spinal intervertebral implant, interconnections for such implant |
WO2003047473A3 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2004-03-04 | Osteotech Inc | Spinal intervertebral implant, interconnections for such implant and processes for making |
US20050107880A1 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2005-05-19 | Osteotech, Inc. | Spinal intervertebral implant, interconnections for such implant and processes for making |
US8333985B2 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2012-12-18 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Non-glycerol stabilized bone graft |
US20100049326A1 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2010-02-25 | Petersen Kenneth C | Joint revision implant |
US8372157B2 (en) | 2007-02-12 | 2013-02-12 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Joint revision implant |
US20090013640A1 (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2009-01-15 | Apostolos Caroussos | Beams, columns, walls, and floors of armed wood |
US20110010952A1 (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2011-01-20 | Andreas Stihl Ag & Co Kg | Guide Bar for the Saw Chain of a Power Saw |
US20180325692A1 (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2018-11-15 | K2M, Inc. | Interbody spacer |
US10849764B2 (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2020-12-01 | K2M, Inc. | Interbody spacer |
US11382763B2 (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2022-07-12 | K2M, Inc. | Interbody spacer |
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