US2095376A - Piezoelectric oscillator crystal - Google Patents
Piezoelectric oscillator crystal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2095376A US2095376A US39796A US3979635A US2095376A US 2095376 A US2095376 A US 2095376A US 39796 A US39796 A US 39796A US 3979635 A US3979635 A US 3979635A US 2095376 A US2095376 A US 2095376A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- crystal
- metallic
- coat
- oscillator
- piezoelectric oscillator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 e. g. Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/125—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils
- H03H9/13—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils for networks consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive materials
- H03H9/132—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils for networks consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive materials characterized by a particular shape
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/125—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils
- H03H9/13—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils for networks consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive materials
- H03H9/131—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils for networks consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive materials consisting of a multilayered structure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S125/00—Stone working
- Y10S125/901—Stone working forming piezoelectric crystals
Definitions
- This invention is concerned with a piezo-electric oscillator arrangement in which the electrodes consist of metallization of the active or working surfaces. of the crystal.
- the electrode surfaces are made by applying a coat of heat and humidity resisting material upon the active surfaces of the crystal and being of a kind which will not suffer oxidation.
- Materials suited for this purpose are gold, platinum, and chromium.
- the said coat is applied in two or more thin layers rather than a heavy layer being applied all at once.
- This bottom coat could consist also of other or dissimilar metals, e. g., silver, while at least the outermost or top coat consists of other metals presenting heat and humidity resisting qualities, as mentioned above.
- the frequency of a'crystal 4O oscillator is also dependent somewhat on the thickness of the metallic coat.
- the latter represents a load or impediment for the mechanical oscillable system in such a way that with changing thickness of the coat the mass of the oscillator increases, and this means a reduction in the natural frequency of the structure or oscillating system.
- This phenomenon is encountered in all kinds of crystal oscillators; it is only the magnitude of its influence upon the natural frequency of the various forms of oscillation which are possible to obtain in a given crystal.
- these conditions are utilized for the practical purpose to cause the frequency of the oscillable crystal to assume a value that may be fixed with a high degree of precision.
- This" method is particularly adapted to the said object for the reason that, on the one hand, the thickness or depth of the metallic coat is producible with a good deal of exactitude, while on the other hand, any desired slight variation of the coat thickness is obtainable.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the crystal with metallic films
- Fig. 2 is a crosssectional View of Fig. 1.
- l denotes a circular plate made of a kind of material possessing piezo-electric properties, such as quartz crystal.
- the active surfaces of the crystal consist of the flat faces of the disk 2 and 2.
- a piezo-electric crystal oscillator having a plurality of metallic films to act as the electrodes, with this characteristic feature that each one of the metallic films consists of at least two different metallic conducting layers of which at least the topmost one is made of material which resists heat and humidity actions.
- topmost the metallic films consists of at least two difierent metallic conducting layers of which the layer in intimate contact with the crystal is of silver and the topmost layer is of gold.
- a piezo-electric crystal oscillator having a plurality of metallic films to act as'electrodes with this characteristic feature that each one of the metallic films consists of at least two different metallic conducting layers of which the layer in intimate contact with the crystal is of silver and the topmost layer is of platinum.
- a piezo-electric crystal oscillator having a plurality of metallic films to act as electrodes with this characteristic feature that each one of the metallic films consists of at least two different metallic conducting layers of which thelayer in intimate contact with the crystal is of silver and the topmost layer is of chromium.
Description
Oct. 12, 1937. RQBECHMANN 2,095,376
PIEZOELECTRIC OSCILLATOR CRYSTAL Filed Sept. 9, 1955 INVE O RUDOLF BE M ATTORNEY.
Patented Oct. 12, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PIEZOELECTRIC OSCILLATOR CRYSTAL tion of Germany Application September 9, 1935, Serial No. 39,796
In Germany November 24, 1934 7 Claims.
This invention is concerned with a piezo-electric oscillator arrangement in which the electrodes consist of metallization of the active or working surfaces. of the crystal.
It has been suggested in the earlier art to make the electrode surfaces of a piezo-electric oscillator or resonator by having the active areas of the crystal metalllzed. However, this method was soon abandoned for the reason that the crystal, after being in operation a comparatively short time, was found to lose its oscillation powers or experienced changes in frequency. Now, the present invention is predicated upon the idea and proper appreciation of the fact that these unfavorable results were ascribable to the circumstance that the electrode surface was destroyed or impaired by extraneous influences such as atmospheric humidity or thermal conditions inside the crystal holder.
According to this invention, the electrode surfaces are made by applying a coat of heat and humidity resisting material upon the active surfaces of the crystal and being of a kind which will not suffer oxidation. Materials suited for this purpose are gold, platinum, and chromium.
In order to insure particularly good sticking or adhesion of the metallic coat upon the crystal, the said coat is applied in two or more thin layers rather than a heavy layer being applied all at once. Experience has shown that especially favorable results are obtained if at least the bottom coat or substratum adjacent the surface of the crystal is produced by way of cathode disintegration. This bottom coat could consist also of other or dissimilar metals, e. g., silver, while at least the outermost or top coat consists of other metals presenting heat and humidity resisting qualities, as mentioned above.
To a certain extent, the frequency of a'crystal 4O oscillator is also dependent somewhat on the thickness of the metallic coat. The latter, as it were, represents a load or impediment for the mechanical oscillable system in such a way that with changing thickness of the coat the mass of the oscillator increases, and this means a reduction in the natural frequency of the structure or oscillating system. This phenomenon is encountered in all kinds of crystal oscillators; it is only the magnitude of its influence upon the natural frequency of the various forms of oscillation which are possible to obtain in a given crystal. In the light of this situation it will be obvious that with the use of metals which are not stable in reference to humidity actions, the mass of the oscillable structure, for instance, may undergo a change by oxidation of the metal and thus a structural change in the metallic coat or layer occurs.
According to the invention, these conditions are utilized for the practical purpose to cause the frequency of the oscillable crystal to assume a value that may be fixed with a high degree of precision. This" method is particularly adapted to the said object for the reason that, on the one hand, the thickness or depth of the metallic coat is producible with a good deal of exactitude, while on the other hand, any desired slight variation of the coat thickness is obtainable. To make the metallic coat, apart from the cathode disintegration hereinbefore mentioned, there is suited also the process predicated upon the vaporization of metal in vacuo as well as the application of the coat inside an electrolytic bath. In this case it is possible to exactly determine and gauge the thickness of the layer by measuring and controlling the length of action of the application or filming process.
One exemplified embodiment of the basic idea of the invention is shown in the attached drawing in which Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the crystal with metallic films and Fig. 2 is a crosssectional View of Fig. 1. Referring now in detail to the drawing, l denotes a circular plate made of a kind of material possessing piezo-electric properties, such as quartz crystal. The active surfaces of the crystal consist of the flat faces of the disk 2 and 2. Applied upon each of the active surfaces are metallic coats 3, 4, and 3', 4', respectively, at least the top layers 4 and 4' consisting of a non-oxidizing metal having heat and humidity resisting qualities, e. g., gold, platinum, or chromium; whereas the lower layers 3 and 3, respectively, may consist of a different metal having a lower melting point and subject to greater oxidization but having better electrical conducting properties, such as silver.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:
1. A piezo-electric crystal oscillator having a plurality of metallic films to act as the electrodes, with this characteristic feature that each one of the metallic films consists of at least two different metallic conducting layers of which at least the topmost one is made of material which resists heat and humidity actions.
2. An oscillator crystal according to claim 1, with this characteristic feature that the topmost layer consists of a film of gold.
3. An oscillator crystal according to claim 1 with this characteristic feature that the topmost the metallic films consists of at least two difierent metallic conducting layers of which the layer in intimate contact with the crystal is of silver and the topmost layer is of gold. I
6. A piezo-electric crystal oscillator having a plurality of metallic films to act as'electrodes with this characteristic feature that each one of the metallic films consists of at least two different metallic conducting layers of which the layer in intimate contact with the crystal is of silver and the topmost layer is of platinum.
7. A piezo-electric crystal oscillator having a plurality of metallic films to act as electrodes with this characteristic feature that each one of the metallic films consists of at least two different metallic conducting layers of which thelayer in intimate contact with the crystal is of silver and the topmost layer is of chromium.
RUDOLF BECI-IMANN.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2095376X | 1934-11-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2095376A true US2095376A (en) | 1937-10-12 |
Family
ID=7984702
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US39796A Expired - Lifetime US2095376A (en) | 1934-11-24 | 1935-09-09 | Piezoelectric oscillator crystal |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US2095376A (en) |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2482661A (en) * | 1946-08-15 | 1949-09-20 | Rca Corp | Crystal mounting |
US2497666A (en) * | 1945-05-04 | 1950-02-14 | Brush Dev Co | Electrode for piezoelectric crystals |
US2510811A (en) * | 1942-12-08 | 1950-06-06 | Scophony Corp | Piezoelectric crystal |
US2546321A (en) * | 1949-02-12 | 1951-03-27 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Piezoelectric crystal apparatus |
US2575819A (en) * | 1949-02-03 | 1951-11-20 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Crystal unit |
US3721841A (en) * | 1971-06-16 | 1973-03-20 | Motorola Inc | Contact for piezoelectric crystals |
US3831043A (en) * | 1971-12-28 | 1974-08-20 | Siemens Ag | Piezoelectric oscillator arrangements |
US4213071A (en) * | 1976-10-14 | 1980-07-15 | Interatom Internationale Atomreaktorbau Gmbh | Oxygen filled, sealed housing for piezoceramic electroacoustic transducer |
US4266156A (en) * | 1977-11-15 | 1981-05-05 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Subminiature piezoelectric quartz vibrator |
US4443730A (en) * | 1978-11-15 | 1984-04-17 | Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Biological piezoelectric transducer device for the living body |
US4517485A (en) * | 1982-06-01 | 1985-05-14 | Compagnie D'electronique Et De Piezo-Electricite | High-frequency piezoelectric resonator with reinforced electrode connection |
US6025669A (en) * | 1996-07-01 | 2000-02-15 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric resonator and piezoelectric components using the same |
CN102525432A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-04 | 深圳市迈迪加科技发展有限公司 | Heart function sensor |
CN102551725A (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-07-11 | 深圳市迈迪加科技发展有限公司 | Novel breath sensor |
CN102551706A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2012-07-11 | 深圳市迈迪加科技发展有限公司 | Fetal sound sensor |
US20180143167A1 (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2018-05-24 | University Of Alberta | Ultrasensitive high q-factor at-cut-quartz crystal microbalance femtogram mass sensor |
-
1935
- 1935-09-09 US US39796A patent/US2095376A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2510811A (en) * | 1942-12-08 | 1950-06-06 | Scophony Corp | Piezoelectric crystal |
US2497666A (en) * | 1945-05-04 | 1950-02-14 | Brush Dev Co | Electrode for piezoelectric crystals |
US2482661A (en) * | 1946-08-15 | 1949-09-20 | Rca Corp | Crystal mounting |
US2575819A (en) * | 1949-02-03 | 1951-11-20 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Crystal unit |
US2546321A (en) * | 1949-02-12 | 1951-03-27 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Piezoelectric crystal apparatus |
US3721841A (en) * | 1971-06-16 | 1973-03-20 | Motorola Inc | Contact for piezoelectric crystals |
US3831043A (en) * | 1971-12-28 | 1974-08-20 | Siemens Ag | Piezoelectric oscillator arrangements |
US4213071A (en) * | 1976-10-14 | 1980-07-15 | Interatom Internationale Atomreaktorbau Gmbh | Oxygen filled, sealed housing for piezoceramic electroacoustic transducer |
US4266156A (en) * | 1977-11-15 | 1981-05-05 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Subminiature piezoelectric quartz vibrator |
US4443730A (en) * | 1978-11-15 | 1984-04-17 | Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Biological piezoelectric transducer device for the living body |
US4517485A (en) * | 1982-06-01 | 1985-05-14 | Compagnie D'electronique Et De Piezo-Electricite | High-frequency piezoelectric resonator with reinforced electrode connection |
US4656707A (en) * | 1982-06-01 | 1987-04-14 | Compagnie D'electronique Et De Piezo-Electricite | Method of fabricating a high-frequency piezoelectric resonator |
US6025669A (en) * | 1996-07-01 | 2000-02-15 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric resonator and piezoelectric components using the same |
CN102551725A (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-07-11 | 深圳市迈迪加科技发展有限公司 | Novel breath sensor |
CN102525432A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-04 | 深圳市迈迪加科技发展有限公司 | Heart function sensor |
CN102551706A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2012-07-11 | 深圳市迈迪加科技发展有限公司 | Fetal sound sensor |
US20180143167A1 (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2018-05-24 | University Of Alberta | Ultrasensitive high q-factor at-cut-quartz crystal microbalance femtogram mass sensor |
US10830738B2 (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2020-11-10 | University Of Alberta | Ultrasensitive high Q-factor AT-cut-quartz crystal microbalance femtogram mass sensor |
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