US20140317983A1 - Rimfire type firearms having centerfire firearm components and related methods - Google Patents
Rimfire type firearms having centerfire firearm components and related methods Download PDFInfo
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- US20140317983A1 US20140317983A1 US14/155,004 US201414155004A US2014317983A1 US 20140317983 A1 US20140317983 A1 US 20140317983A1 US 201414155004 A US201414155004 A US 201414155004A US 2014317983 A1 US2014317983 A1 US 2014317983A1
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- Prior art keywords
- magazine
- cartridges
- rimfire
- firearm
- upper portion
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
- F41A3/64—Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
- F41A3/66—Breech housings or frames; Receivers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41C—SMALLARMS, e.g. PISTOLS, RIFLES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- F41C7/00—Shoulder-fired smallarms, e.g. rifles, carbines, shotguns
- F41C7/12—Gallery rifles; Parlour rifles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A11/00—Assembly or disassembly features; Modular concepts; Articulated or collapsible guns
- F41A11/02—Modular concepts, e.g. weapon-family concepts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
- F42B5/32—Cartridge cases for rim fire
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
- F41A19/06—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms
- F41A19/13—Percussion or firing pins, i.e. fixed or slidably-mounted striker elements; Mountings therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to firearms configured to fire rimfire cartridges, but having one or more components also configured for use with other components configured to fire centerfire cartridges.
- the present disclosure also relates to methods of manufacturing and assembling such firearms, and to methods of using firearms in which a firearm configured to fire centerfire cartridges is adapted for firing rimfire cartridges.
- a shoulder firearm is a firearm that is configured to abut against the shoulder of a person firing the firearm.
- a shoulder firearm includes a central receiver assembly, a stock attached to the receiver assembly, and a barrel extending distally from the receiver assembly. The stock is configured to abut against the shoulder of a person firing the firearm, and is used to assist in supporting and steadying the firearm while aiming and firing the firearm.
- Shoulder firearms include, for example, rifles, shotguns, muzzleloaders, etc.
- a rifle is a shoulder firearm that includes one or more spiral grooves formed in the inner walls of the barrel, which are used to cause a bullet traveling down the barrel to spin, which results in improved stability and trajectory of the bullet subsequent to exiting the muzzle of the barrel.
- Rifles are typically configured to fire a preloaded ammunition referred to in the art as a “cartridge.”
- the cartridge includes a generally cylindrical case having an open forward end and a closed rearward end, primer disposed within the case at the closed rearward end, gun powder disposed within the case, and a bullet at the open forward end of the case.
- the open forward end of the case is typically sealed (e.g., crimped) around the bullet to enclose the gun powder within the case.
- Rifles typically include a firing chamber formed in a proximal end of the barrel, which is often referred to in the art as the “breech.”
- the receiver assembly includes a relatively large number of components that are assembled together and form the mechanisms of the firearm.
- the receiver assembly includes an action mechanism that moves cartridges into the firing chamber, typically from a magazine, tube, or other component configured to hold one or more unfired cartridges therein.
- the action mechanism also extracts cartridges (or cases of fired cartridges) out from the firing chamber and ejects the cartridges from the receiver assembly.
- the action mechanism typically includes a bolt that is disposed proximal to the firing chamber. The bolt slides back and forth generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the barrel between an open position and closed position. In the closed position, the distal end of the bolt defines the proximal surface of the firing chamber.
- the bolt As the bolt moves from the open position to the closed position, the bolt engages a cartridge held within the magazine or tube and forces the cartridge into the firing chamber.
- One or more features are typically carried by the bolt that engage complementary features on the case of the cartridge such that, as the bolt moves from the closed position to the open position, the bolt pulls the cartridge or case out from the firing chamber and manipulates the cartridge in a manner causing the cartridge to be ejected from the receiver assembly of the firearm.
- Rifle cartridges are manufactured in two common configurations. One of these configurations is the “rimfire” configuration, and the other configuration is the “centerfire” configuration.
- FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a rimfire cartridge 170 .
- the rimfire cartridge 170 of FIG. 16 is a .22 long rifle rimfire cartridge.
- the cartridge 170 includes a case 172 and a bullet 174 .
- the case has a closed rearward end 176 and an open end 178 .
- the bullet 174 is attached to the case 172 at the open end 178 of the case 172 .
- the closed rearward end 176 of the case 172 generally includes a radially extending rim 180 .
- a primer compound is disposed in the case 172 , and a centrifuge is generally used to dispose the primer compound within the annular-shaped protruding rim 180 of the cartridge 170 .
- the firing pin of the firearm is configured to strike the rim 180 of the cartridge 170 , which contains the primer therein.
- the primer combusts and ignites combustion of the gun powder.
- the expanding gases generated by ignition of the gun powder force the bullet 174 out from the case 172 of the cartridge 170 and through the barrel.
- the firing pin is not aligned with the longitudinal axis of the barrel or the center of a cartridge 170 contained in the firing chamber.
- FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a centerfire cartridge 150 .
- the centerfire cartridge 150 of FIG. 15 is a .308 WINCHESTER centerfire cartridge.
- the cartridge 150 includes a case 152 and a bullet 154 .
- the case 152 has a closed rearward end 156 and an open end 158 .
- the bullet 154 is attached to the case 152 at the open end 158 of the case 152 .
- the primer is located at the center of the closed rearward end 156 of the case 152 .
- the primer is a separate and replaceable component of a centerfire cartridge 150 .
- the firing pin of the firearm is configured to strike the exterior surface of the primer component, which causes a primer compound carried by the primer within the case 152 to combust.
- the combustion of the primer compound ignites combustion of the gun powder, and the expanding gases generated by ignition of the gun powder force the bullet 154 out from the case 152 of the cartridge 150 and through the barrel.
- the firing pin is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the barrel and the center of a cartridge 150 contained in the firing chamber.
- rimfire cartridges are significantly less expensive than centerfire cartridges. This is due, at least in part, to the methods used to manufacture the cartridges. Rimfire cartridges, however, are generally not capable of handling internal pressures as high as those that may be handled by centerfire cartridges. Centerfire cartridges are generally capable of exhibiting longer range, higher power, improved accuracy, and higher kinetic energy delivered to a target by the bullet, since they are capable of being used in a reliable manner with higher quantities of gun powder, and the resulting higher pressures generated by combustion of the gun powder, compared to rimfire cartridges. As a result, rimfire cartridges are generally limited to relatively small caliber cartridges, while larger caliber cartridges generally comprise centerfire cartridges.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a left side of a shoulder firearm of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a right side of the shoulder firearm of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a left side of a receiver assembly of the firearm of FIGS. 1 and 2 with the barrel and stock removed, but with a magazine coupled to the receiver assembly, wherein the receiver assembly includes a lower portion and an upper portion.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a right side of the receiver assembly of FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 5 is a plan view of the left side of the receiver assembly of FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of the right side of the receiver assembly of FIGS. 3 through 5 .
- FIG. 7 is a plan view of a left side of the lower portion of the receiver assembly with the upper portion and the magazine removed.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view of a right side of the lower portion of the receiver assembly with the upper portion and the magazine removed.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view of a bottom side of the lower portion with the upper portion and the magazine removed.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view of a right side of the upper portion of the receiver assembly with the lower portion and the magazine removed.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view of a left side of the upper portion with the lower portion and the magazine removed.
- FIG. 12 is a plan view of a bottom side of the upper portion with the lower portion and the magazine removed.
- FIG. 13 is a plan view of a left side of the magazine of the firearm of FIGS. 1 and 2 separate from the other components of the firearm.
- FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the magazine shown in FIG. 13 .
- FIG. 15 is a side plan view of a rimfire rifle cartridge.
- FIG. 16 is a side plan view of a centerfire rifle cartridge.
- proximal when used in relation to a firearm or a component of a firearm, means proximate or nearer to the body of a person firing the firearm.
- distal when used in relation to a firearm or a component of a firearm, means remote or farther from the body of a person firing the firearm.
- the present invention relates to the adaptation of a firearm configured for use with centerfire cartridges, such as the cartridge 150 of FIG. 15 , which cartridges are generally relatively large and expensive, such that the firearm may be used with relatively smaller and less expensive rimfire cartridges, such as the cartridge 170 of FIG. 16 for example.
- the adaptation may be temporary in nature, such that the firearm may be again reconfigured for use with centerfire cartridges.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate an example of a shoulder firearm 100 of the present disclosure.
- the shoulder firearm 100 is a rifle.
- the firearm 100 includes a stock 102 , a receiver assembly 104 , and a barrel 110 .
- the firearm 100 also includes a magazine 112 that is configured to hold a plurality of unfired cartridges therein.
- the magazine 112 may be configured to be repeatedly coupled to and decoupled from the receiver assembly 104 .
- the receiver assembly 104 is attached to the stock 102 , and includes a lower portion 106 and an upper portion 108 that are assembled together to form the receiver assembly 104 .
- the receiver assembly 104 is described in further detail below with reference to FIGS. 3 through 6 .
- the lower portion 106 is described below with reference to FIGS. 7 through 9
- the upper portion 108 is described below with reference to FIGS. 10 through 12 .
- each of the barrel 110 , the upper portion 108 , and the magazine 112 may be sized and configured for use with rimfire cartridges, such as the cartridge 170 of FIG. 16 , while the stock 102 and lower portion 106 may have been originally configured for use with centerfire cartridges, such as the cartridge 150 of FIG. 15 .
- the upper portion 108 and the magazine 112 which are configured for use with rimfire cartridges, thus, may be sized and configured to couple and operate with the lower portion and stock, which were sized and configured for use with centerfire cartridges.
- the firearm 100 may comprise a manually operated bolt action rifle in some embodiments. In other embodiments, however, the firearm 100 may comprise a semiautomatic or a fully automatic firearm.
- the stock 102 may comprise wood, a synthetic material, or a chassis system (e.g., a metal or synthetic modular stock-like assembly).
- the stock 102 may comprise a portion 103 A configured to extend proximally from the receiver assembly 104 and abut against a shoulder of a person using the firearm 100 .
- the stock 102 also may comprise a second portion 103 B configured to extend distally from the receiver assembly 104 beneath at least a portion of the barrel 110 .
- the second portion 103 B may comprise a handgrip sized and configured to be gripped by a non-trigger hand of a person using the firearm.
- the first and second portions 103 A, 103 B of the stock 102 may be regions of a single unitary body.
- first and second portions 103 A, 103 B may comprise separate bodies that may be attached directly or indirectly to one another.
- the stock 102 may include only the first portion 103 A that is configured to abut against a shoulder of a person using the firearm, or the stock 102 may include only the second portion 103 B that is configured to be gripped by a non-trigger hand of a person using the firearm 100 .
- FIGS. 3 through 6 illustrate the receiver assembly 104 , as well as a magazine 112 coupled with the receiver assembly 104 .
- the receiver assembly 104 includes an upper portion 108 and a lower portion 106 .
- the receiver assembly 104 includes various stationary and movable components that, when assembled together, form the mechanisms of the firearm.
- the mechanisms include an action mechanism and a trigger mechanism.
- the action mechanism is the mechanism that moves unfired cartridges from the magazine 112 into the firing chamber of the firearm 100 , and that moves cartridges (or cases of fired cartridges) out from the firing chamber and ejects the cartridges out from the receiver assembly 104 .
- the trigger mechanism is the mechanism that, upon actuation by a person using the firearm, causes a firing pin to move in a distal direction and strike a cartridge in the firing chamber and fire the ammunition.
- the firing pin is part of the upper portion 108 .
- the firing pin of the firearm 100 is configured to strike a rim of a rimfire cartridge, such as the rim 180 of the rimfire cartridge 170 of FIG. 16 , in the firing chamber of the firearm 100 upon actuation of a trigger.
- the action mechanism includes a bolt 114 , which is part of the upper portion 108 .
- the bolt 114 is disposed proximal to the firing chamber, and is movable between an open position and a closed position.
- the bolt 114 is shown in the closed position in the figures.
- the firing pin may be carried on or in the bolt 114 .
- FIGS. 7 through 9 illustrate the lower portion 106 separate from the other components of the firearm 100 .
- the lower portion 106 includes a trigger guard 116 and a magazine housing 120 .
- the trigger guard 116 and the magazine housing 120 may be portions of a single unitary body.
- the trigger guard 116 and the magazine housing 120 may be separate components that may be assembled together.
- the trigger guard 116 is configured to extend around a trigger, which is not shown in the figures, in such a manner as to prevent unintentional movement of the trigger.
- the trigger and various other components of a trigger assembly, may be operatively coupled with the trigger housing.
- the trigger assembly provides a linkage between the trigger and the firing pin, such that pull of the trigger causes movement of the firing pin.
- the trigger assembly also may include one or more components of a safety mechanism used to prevent accidental pull of the trigger and/or movement of the firing pin.
- the magazine housing 120 is configured to receive the magazine 112 ( FIGS. 1 through 6 ) therein.
- the magazine housing 120 has a shape and configuration defining a magazine receptacle 122 therein.
- the magazine receptacle 122 may have a longitudinal length L 122 and a transverse width W 122 .
- the longitudinal length L 122 is greater than the transverse width W 122 .
- the longitudinal length L 122 of the magazine receptacle 122 in the magazine housing 120 may be longer than the typical longitudinal length of such magazine receptacles in magazine housings of firearms configured for use with relatively smaller (e.g., shorter) rimfire cartridges, such as the rimfire cartridge 170 of FIG. 16 .
- the longitudinal length L 122 of the magazine receptacle 122 in the magazine housing 120 may be greater than about 1.5 inches, greater than about 2.0 inches, greater than about 2.5 inches, or even greater than about 3.0 inches.
- the longitudinal length L 122 of the magazine receptacle 122 in the magazine housing 120 may be about 3.16 inches.
- FIGS. 10 through 12 illustrate the upper portion 108 of the receiver assembly 104 of the firearm 100 separate from the other components of the firearm 100 .
- the upper portion 108 may include an outer bolt housing 126 , and a bolt 114 configured to slide back and forth in the longitudinal direction within the outer bolt housing 126 .
- a manual lever 128 may be attached to the bolt 114 to allow a person using the firearm 100 to manually move the bolt 114 back and forth between the open rearward position and the closed forward position.
- the firearm 100 may be a manual bolt action firearm 100 , as opposed to a semi-automatic or fully automatic firearm.
- the bolt and lever 128 are shown in the closed forward position in the figures. As shown in FIGS.
- the outer bolt housing 126 may include an ejection opening 130 through which cartridges or cases of fired cartridges are ejected from the firearm 100 as they are pulled backward in the proximal direction out from the firing chamber by the bolt 114 .
- the ejection opening 130 may have a longitudinal length L 130 that is less than about 3.0 inches, less than about 2.5 inches, less than about 2.0 inches, or even less than about 1.5 inches.
- the longitudinal length L 130 of the ejection opening 130 in the outer bolt housing 126 may be about 2.12 inches.
- the stroke length of the bolt 114 which is the distance the bolt 114 travels between the open position and the closed position, may be less than about 3.0 inches, less than about 2.5 inches, less than about 2.0 inches, or even less than about 1.75 inches.
- the stroke of the bolt 114 may be about 1.585 inches.
- the outer bolt housing 126 may include an insertion opening 132 through which unfired cartridges are received from the magazine 112 as the cartridges are being moved into the firing chamber by forward, distal movement of the bolt 114 .
- the insertion opening 132 may have a longitudinal length L 132 that is less than about 3.0 inches, less than about 2.5 inches, less than about 2.0 inches, or even less than about 1.5 inches.
- the longitudinal length L 132 of the insertion opening 132 in the outer bolt housing 126 may be about 1.26 inches.
- FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrate the magazine 112 .
- the magazine 112 of the firearm 100 of the present disclosure has external dimensions and an external configuration that is configured to couple with the magazine housing 120 and the magazine receptacle 122 ( FIG. 9 ) of the lower assemble 106 , which are configured for use with relatively larger centerfire cartridges (e.g., the centerfire cartridge 150 of FIG. 15 ), but has internal dimensions and an internal configuration that are configured to receive and store relatively smaller rimfire cartridges (e.g., the rimfire cartridge 170 ) therein.
- relatively larger centerfire cartridges e.g., the centerfire cartridge 150 of FIG. 15
- relatively smaller rimfire cartridges e.g., the rimfire cartridge 170
- the magazine 112 is also configured to couple with the upper portion 108 , when the magazine 112 is coupled with the receiver assembly 104 , in such a manner as to allow a rimfire cartridge 170 contained in the magazine 112 to be fed into the upper portion 108 through the insertion opening 132 in the lower surface of the outer bolt housing 126 ( FIG. 12 ).
- the magazine 112 may have an external longitudinal length L 112 and a transverse width W 112 .
- the external longitudinal length L 112 and a transverse width W 112 may be generally similar too, but slightly smaller than, the longitudinal length L 122 and the transverse width W 122 , respectively, of the magazine receptacle 122 to allow the magazine 112 to be received tightly in, and secured within, the magazine receptacle 122 in the magazine housing 120 .
- the longitudinal length L 112 of the magazine 112 may be longer than the typical longitudinal length of such magazines of firearms configured for use with relatively smaller (e.g., shorter) rimfire cartridges 170 .
- the longitudinal length L 112 of the magazine 112 may be greater than about 1.5 inches, greater than about 2.0 inches, greater than about 2.5 inches, or even greater than about 3.0 inches.
- the longitudinal length L 112 of the magazine 112 may be about 3.06 inches, and the transverse width W 112 of the magazine 112 may be about 0.974 inches.
- the magazine 112 is configured to receive relatively smaller (e.g., shorter) rimfire cartridges 170 therein.
- a storage rack 134 may be provided within the magazine 112 that is configured to receive and store such smaller rimfire cartridges 170 therein in a vertical stack.
- the storage rack 134 may protrude from the top of the outer housing of the magazine 112 , as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 , so as to project into or proximate the insertion opening 132 in the outer bolt housing 126 of the upper portion 108 when the magazine 112 is coupled with the receiver assembly 104 .
- the storage rack 134 may have a longitudinal length L 134 that is relatively shorter than the longitudinal length L 112 of the magazine, as shown in FIG. 13 .
- the longitudinal length L 134 of the storage rack 134 may be about 75% or less of the longitudinal length L 112 of the magazine 112 , about 50% or less of the longitudinal length L 112 of the magazine 112 , or even about 35% or less of the longitudinal length L 112 of the magazine 112 .
- a significant interior volume of the magazine 112 is not occupied by cartridges 170 when the magazine is fully loaded with cartridges 170 , in contrast to previously known magazines.
- the rimfire cartridges 170 may occupy about 60% or less of the internal volume of the magazine 112 , about 50% or less of the internal volume of the magazine 112 , or even about 40% or less of the internal volume of the magazine 112 , when the magazine 112 is fully loaded with the rimfire cartridges 170 .
- the magazine 112 may not be capable of receiving cartridges (e.g., centerfire cartridges 150 ) therein having a length greater than about 75% of the external longitudinal length L 112 of the magazine 112 , greater than about 50% of the external longitudinal length L 112 of the magazine 112 , greater than about 40% of the external longitudinal length L 112 of the magazine 112 , or even greater than about 35% of the external longitudinal length L 112 of the magazine 112 .
- cartridges e.g., centerfire cartridges 150
- the “headspace” in a firing chamber of a firearm is defined as the distance from the distal, forward surface of the bolt 114 when the bolt is in the forward closed position, to the feature, such as a seat surface, in the firing chamber against which a portion of the case abuts as the cartridge is inserted into the firing chamber such that further forward movement of the cartridge in the firing chamber is precluded.
- the headspace 182 is defined by the thickness of the annular protruding rim 180 of the case 172 of the cartridge 170 .
- a centerfire cartridge such as the centerfire cartridge 150 of FIG.
- the headspace 160 is defined by a surface forming a narrowed or “necked-down” region of the case 152 at or near the open proximal end 158 of the case 152 .
- the headspace of centerfire cartridges is generally significantly longer than the headspace of rimfire cartridges.
- the headspace in a firearm 100 of the present disclosure may be about 0.075′′ or less, for example.
- the firearm 100 of the present disclosure is distinguishable from previously known firearms by, for example, the difference in size between the exterior dimensions of the magazine 112 and the dimensions of each of the internal storage rack 124 within the magazine 112 , the ejection opening 130 and the insertion opening 132 of the outer bolt housing 126 , the stroke length of the bolt 114 , the firing chamber, and the headspace within the firing chamber.
- Additional embodiments of the present disclosure include methods of manufacturing a firearm 100 as described herein, as well as method of adapting a firearm 100 configured for use with centerfire cartridges for use with rimfire cartridges.
- a barrel 110 , upper portion 108 , and magazine 112 as described hereinabove may be fabricated or otherwise provided.
- a firearm may be selected that is configured for use with centerfire rifle cartridges.
- a .308 WINCHESTER caliber firearm may be selected. The barrel and upper portion of the firearm may be removed, and the barrel 110 and upper portion 108 may be assembled with the stock 102 and lower portion 106 of the .308 WINCHESTER caliber firearm.
- the magazine 112 may have exterior dimensions and a configuration configured to couple with the magazine housing and the lower portion 106 of the .308 WINCHESTER caliber firearm, but the storage rack 134 may be configured to receive and store, for example, .22 long rifle rimfire cartridges therein.
- a firearm 100 as described herein is formed, which includes a stock 102 and lower portion 106 of a .308 WINCHESTER caliber firearm, but that is configured to fire .22 long rifle rimfire cartridges.
- Such .22 long rifle rimfire cartridges are significantly less expensive than .308 WINCHESTER centerfire cartridges.
- personnel such as military or police personnel, may participate in training exercises using a .308 WINCHESTER caliber centerfire firearm while firing relatively inexpensive .22 long rifle rimfire cartridges therefrom.
- the firearm may be reconfigured for firing .308 WINCHESTER caliber centerfire cartridges therefrom by removing the barrel 110 , upper portion 108 , and magazine 112 , and replacing them with the original barrel, upper portion, and magazine of the .308 WINCHESTER caliber centerfire firearm, which were configured for use with .308 WINCHESTER caliber centerfire cartridges.
- a firearm comprising: a stock; a receiver assembly attached to the stock, the receiver assembly including a lower portion and an upper portion; a barrel extending from the receiver assembly; a firing chamber located at the proximal end of the barrel; and a magazine configured for holding a plurality of unfired rimfire cartridges therein, the magazine configured to be repeatedly coupled to and decoupled from the receiver assembly; wherein the upper portion comprises an action mechanism configured to move an unfired rimfire cartridge from the magazine into the firing chamber, and to remove the rimfire cartridge from the firing chamber and to eject the rimfire cartridge from the receiver assembly, the action mechanism including a bolt disposed proximal to the firing chamber and movable between an open position and a closed position, the upper portion further comprising a firing pin configured to strike a rim of a rimfire cartridge in the firing chamber upon actuation of a trigger; wherein the lower portion comprises a trigger mechanism configured to cause movement of the firing pin upon actuation of a trigger of the trigger mechanism, the lower portion
- Embodiment 1 wherein the magazine has an external length, width, and height, and wherein the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 75% of the external length of the magazine.
- a method of manufacturing a firearm comprising: providing a barrel configured for used with rimfire cartridges; forming an upper portion configured for use with rimfire cartridges, the upper portion comprising an action mechanism configured to move an unfired rimfire cartridge from a magazine into a firing chamber at least partially defined in a proximal end of the barrel, and to remove the rimfire cartridge from the firing chamber and to eject the rimfire cartridge from the receiver assembly, the action mechanism including a bolt disposed proximal to the firing chamber and movable between an open position and a closed position, the upper portion further comprising a firing pin configured to strike a rim of a rimfire cartridge in the firing chamber upon actuation of a trigger; attaching the upper portion and the barrel to a lower portion and a stock sized and configured for use with another upper portion and another barrel each configured for use with centerfire cartridges, the lower portion comprising at least a portion of a trigger mechanism configured to cause movement of the firing pin upon actuation of a trigger of the trigger mechanism,
- Embodiment 8 further comprising forming the magazine.
- forming the magazine comprises forming the magazine to have an external length, width, and height, and configuring the magazine such that the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 75% of the external length of the magazine.
- Embodiment 10 further comprising configuring the magazine such that the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 50% of the external length of the magazine.
- Embodiment 11 further comprising configuring the magazine such that the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 40% of the external length of the magazine.
- Embodiment 12 further comprising configuring the magazine such that the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 35% of the external length of the magazine.
- a method of using a firearm comprising: selecting a firearm configured to fire centerfire cartridges; removing a first barrel and a first upper portion of a first receiver assembly from the firearm; providing a second barrel and a second upper portion configured for use with rimfire cartridges, the second upper portion comprising an action mechanism configured to move an unfired rimfire cartridge from a magazine into a firing chamber at least partially defined in a proximal end of the second barrel, and to remove the rimfire cartridge from the firing chamber and to eject the rimfire cartridge from the upper portion, the action mechanism including a bolt disposed proximal to the firing chamber and movable between an open position and a closed position, the second upper portion further comprising a firing pin configured to strike a rim of a rimfire cartridge in the firing chamber upon actuation of a trigger; attaching the second upper portion and the second barrel to a lower portion and a stock of the firearm, the lower portion comprising at least a portion of a trigger mechanism configured to cause movement of the firing pin upon
- Embodiment 17 further comprising selecting the magazine to have an external length and width, the magazine not being capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 75% of the external length of the magazine.
- Embodiment 18 wherein the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 50% of the external length of the magazine.
- Embodiment 19 wherein the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 35% of the external length of the magazine.
- selecting the firearm comprises selecting a firearm configured for firing .308 WINCHESTER centerfire cartridges.
Abstract
Firearms include some components originally configured for use with centerfire cartridge ammunition, such as a lower portion, and other components configured for use with rimfire cartridges, such as an upper portion and magazine. The firearm is thus configured for firing rimfire cartridge ammunition, although some components of the firearm may be characterized as centerfire firearm components. Methods of fabricating firearms involve assembly of a rimfire upper portion with a centerfire lower portion. A magazine is provided that is configured to couple to the centerfire lower portion, and to feed rimfire cartridges from within the magazine into the rimfire upper portion. Methods of adapting a centerfire firearm for use with rimfire cartridges involve removal of a centerfire barrel and upper portion from a centerfire lower portion, and attachment of a second upper portion and a second barrel, each configured for use with rimfire cartridge ammunition, to the centerfire lower portion.
Description
- This application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/752,297, filed on Jan. 14, 2013, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference.
- The present disclosure relates to firearms configured to fire rimfire cartridges, but having one or more components also configured for use with other components configured to fire centerfire cartridges. The present disclosure also relates to methods of manufacturing and assembling such firearms, and to methods of using firearms in which a firearm configured to fire centerfire cartridges is adapted for firing rimfire cartridges.
- A shoulder firearm is a firearm that is configured to abut against the shoulder of a person firing the firearm. A shoulder firearm includes a central receiver assembly, a stock attached to the receiver assembly, and a barrel extending distally from the receiver assembly. The stock is configured to abut against the shoulder of a person firing the firearm, and is used to assist in supporting and steadying the firearm while aiming and firing the firearm. Shoulder firearms include, for example, rifles, shotguns, muzzleloaders, etc.
- A rifle is a shoulder firearm that includes one or more spiral grooves formed in the inner walls of the barrel, which are used to cause a bullet traveling down the barrel to spin, which results in improved stability and trajectory of the bullet subsequent to exiting the muzzle of the barrel.
- Rifles are typically configured to fire a preloaded ammunition referred to in the art as a “cartridge.” The cartridge includes a generally cylindrical case having an open forward end and a closed rearward end, primer disposed within the case at the closed rearward end, gun powder disposed within the case, and a bullet at the open forward end of the case. The open forward end of the case is typically sealed (e.g., crimped) around the bullet to enclose the gun powder within the case.
- Rifles typically include a firing chamber formed in a proximal end of the barrel, which is often referred to in the art as the “breech.” The receiver assembly includes a relatively large number of components that are assembled together and form the mechanisms of the firearm. For example, the receiver assembly includes an action mechanism that moves cartridges into the firing chamber, typically from a magazine, tube, or other component configured to hold one or more unfired cartridges therein. The action mechanism also extracts cartridges (or cases of fired cartridges) out from the firing chamber and ejects the cartridges from the receiver assembly. The action mechanism typically includes a bolt that is disposed proximal to the firing chamber. The bolt slides back and forth generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the barrel between an open position and closed position. In the closed position, the distal end of the bolt defines the proximal surface of the firing chamber.
- As the bolt moves from the open position to the closed position, the bolt engages a cartridge held within the magazine or tube and forces the cartridge into the firing chamber. One or more features are typically carried by the bolt that engage complementary features on the case of the cartridge such that, as the bolt moves from the closed position to the open position, the bolt pulls the cartridge or case out from the firing chamber and manipulates the cartridge in a manner causing the cartridge to be ejected from the receiver assembly of the firearm.
- Rifle cartridges are manufactured in two common configurations. One of these configurations is the “rimfire” configuration, and the other configuration is the “centerfire” configuration.
-
FIG. 16 illustrates an example of arimfire cartridge 170. Therimfire cartridge 170 ofFIG. 16 is a .22 long rifle rimfire cartridge. Thecartridge 170 includes acase 172 and abullet 174. The case has a closedrearward end 176 and anopen end 178. Thebullet 174 is attached to thecase 172 at theopen end 178 of thecase 172. In arimfire cartridge 170, the closedrearward end 176 of thecase 172 generally includes a radially extendingrim 180. During manufacture of thecartridge 170, a primer compound is disposed in thecase 172, and a centrifuge is generally used to dispose the primer compound within the annular-shaped protruding rim 180 of thecartridge 170. The firing pin of the firearm is configured to strike therim 180 of thecartridge 170, which contains the primer therein. The primer combusts and ignites combustion of the gun powder. The expanding gases generated by ignition of the gun powder force thebullet 174 out from thecase 172 of thecartridge 170 and through the barrel. Thus, in a rimfire firearm, the firing pin is not aligned with the longitudinal axis of the barrel or the center of acartridge 170 contained in the firing chamber. -
FIG. 15 illustrates an example of acenterfire cartridge 150. Thecenterfire cartridge 150 ofFIG. 15 is a .308 WINCHESTER centerfire cartridge. Thecartridge 150 includes acase 152 and abullet 154. Thecase 152 has a closedrearward end 156 and anopen end 158. Thebullet 154 is attached to thecase 152 at theopen end 158 of thecase 152. In acenterfire cartridge 150, the primer is located at the center of the closedrearward end 156 of thecase 152. Generally, the primer is a separate and replaceable component of acenterfire cartridge 150. The firing pin of the firearm is configured to strike the exterior surface of the primer component, which causes a primer compound carried by the primer within thecase 152 to combust. The combustion of the primer compound ignites combustion of the gun powder, and the expanding gases generated by ignition of the gun powder force thebullet 154 out from thecase 152 of thecartridge 150 and through the barrel. Thus, in a centerfire firearm, the firing pin is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the barrel and the center of acartridge 150 contained in the firing chamber. - Generally, rimfire cartridges are significantly less expensive than centerfire cartridges. This is due, at least in part, to the methods used to manufacture the cartridges. Rimfire cartridges, however, are generally not capable of handling internal pressures as high as those that may be handled by centerfire cartridges. Centerfire cartridges are generally capable of exhibiting longer range, higher power, improved accuracy, and higher kinetic energy delivered to a target by the bullet, since they are capable of being used in a reliable manner with higher quantities of gun powder, and the resulting higher pressures generated by combustion of the gun powder, compared to rimfire cartridges. As a result, rimfire cartridges are generally limited to relatively small caliber cartridges, while larger caliber cartridges generally comprise centerfire cartridges.
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a left side of a shoulder firearm of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a right side of the shoulder firearm ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a left side of a receiver assembly of the firearm ofFIGS. 1 and 2 with the barrel and stock removed, but with a magazine coupled to the receiver assembly, wherein the receiver assembly includes a lower portion and an upper portion. -
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a right side of the receiver assembly ofFIG. 3 . -
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the left side of the receiver assembly ofFIGS. 3 and 4 . -
FIG. 6 is a plan view of the right side of the receiver assembly ofFIGS. 3 through 5 . -
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a left side of the lower portion of the receiver assembly with the upper portion and the magazine removed. -
FIG. 8 is a plan view of a right side of the lower portion of the receiver assembly with the upper portion and the magazine removed. -
FIG. 9 is a plan view of a bottom side of the lower portion with the upper portion and the magazine removed. -
FIG. 10 is a plan view of a right side of the upper portion of the receiver assembly with the lower portion and the magazine removed. -
FIG. 11 is a plan view of a left side of the upper portion with the lower portion and the magazine removed. -
FIG. 12 is a plan view of a bottom side of the upper portion with the lower portion and the magazine removed. -
FIG. 13 is a plan view of a left side of the magazine of the firearm ofFIGS. 1 and 2 separate from the other components of the firearm. -
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the magazine shown inFIG. 13 . -
FIG. 15 is a side plan view of a rimfire rifle cartridge. -
FIG. 16 is a side plan view of a centerfire rifle cartridge. - The illustrations presented herein are not meant to be actual views of any particular firearm, or component thereof, but are merely idealized representations that are used to describe embodiments of the disclosure.
- As used herein, the term “proximal,” when used in relation to a firearm or a component of a firearm, means proximate or nearer to the body of a person firing the firearm. As used herein, the term “distal,” when used in relation to a firearm or a component of a firearm, means remote or farther from the body of a person firing the firearm.
- The present invention relates to the adaptation of a firearm configured for use with centerfire cartridges, such as the
cartridge 150 ofFIG. 15 , which cartridges are generally relatively large and expensive, such that the firearm may be used with relatively smaller and less expensive rimfire cartridges, such as thecartridge 170 ofFIG. 16 for example. The adaptation may be temporary in nature, such that the firearm may be again reconfigured for use with centerfire cartridges. -
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate an example of ashoulder firearm 100 of the present disclosure. Theshoulder firearm 100 is a rifle. Thefirearm 100 includes astock 102, areceiver assembly 104, and abarrel 110. Thefirearm 100 also includes amagazine 112 that is configured to hold a plurality of unfired cartridges therein. In some embodiments, themagazine 112 may be configured to be repeatedly coupled to and decoupled from thereceiver assembly 104. - The
receiver assembly 104 is attached to thestock 102, and includes alower portion 106 and anupper portion 108 that are assembled together to form thereceiver assembly 104. Thereceiver assembly 104 is described in further detail below with reference toFIGS. 3 through 6 . Thelower portion 106 is described below with reference toFIGS. 7 through 9 , and theupper portion 108 is described below with reference toFIGS. 10 through 12 . - As described in further detail below, each of the
barrel 110, theupper portion 108, and themagazine 112 may be sized and configured for use with rimfire cartridges, such as thecartridge 170 ofFIG. 16 , while thestock 102 andlower portion 106 may have been originally configured for use with centerfire cartridges, such as thecartridge 150 ofFIG. 15 . Theupper portion 108 and themagazine 112, which are configured for use with rimfire cartridges, thus, may be sized and configured to couple and operate with the lower portion and stock, which were sized and configured for use with centerfire cartridges. - As shown in
FIGS. 1 and 2 , thefirearm 100 may comprise a manually operated bolt action rifle in some embodiments. In other embodiments, however, thefirearm 100 may comprise a semiautomatic or a fully automatic firearm. - The
stock 102 may comprise wood, a synthetic material, or a chassis system (e.g., a metal or synthetic modular stock-like assembly). Thestock 102 may comprise aportion 103A configured to extend proximally from thereceiver assembly 104 and abut against a shoulder of a person using thefirearm 100. In some embodiments, thestock 102 also may comprise asecond portion 103B configured to extend distally from thereceiver assembly 104 beneath at least a portion of thebarrel 110. Thesecond portion 103B may comprise a handgrip sized and configured to be gripped by a non-trigger hand of a person using the firearm. In such embodiments, the first andsecond portions stock 102 may be regions of a single unitary body. In other embodiments, the first andsecond portions stock 102 may include only thefirst portion 103A that is configured to abut against a shoulder of a person using the firearm, or thestock 102 may include only thesecond portion 103B that is configured to be gripped by a non-trigger hand of a person using thefirearm 100. -
FIGS. 3 through 6 illustrate thereceiver assembly 104, as well as amagazine 112 coupled with thereceiver assembly 104. As previously mentioned, thereceiver assembly 104 includes anupper portion 108 and alower portion 106. Thereceiver assembly 104 includes various stationary and movable components that, when assembled together, form the mechanisms of the firearm. The mechanisms include an action mechanism and a trigger mechanism. The action mechanism is the mechanism that moves unfired cartridges from themagazine 112 into the firing chamber of thefirearm 100, and that moves cartridges (or cases of fired cartridges) out from the firing chamber and ejects the cartridges out from thereceiver assembly 104. The trigger mechanism is the mechanism that, upon actuation by a person using the firearm, causes a firing pin to move in a distal direction and strike a cartridge in the firing chamber and fire the ammunition. The firing pin is part of theupper portion 108. The firing pin of thefirearm 100 is configured to strike a rim of a rimfire cartridge, such as therim 180 of therimfire cartridge 170 ofFIG. 16 , in the firing chamber of thefirearm 100 upon actuation of a trigger. - The action mechanism includes a
bolt 114, which is part of theupper portion 108. Thebolt 114 is disposed proximal to the firing chamber, and is movable between an open position and a closed position. Thebolt 114 is shown in the closed position in the figures. In some embodiments, the firing pin may be carried on or in thebolt 114. -
FIGS. 7 through 9 illustrate thelower portion 106 separate from the other components of thefirearm 100. As shown inFIGS. 7 through 9 , thelower portion 106 includes atrigger guard 116 and amagazine housing 120. In some embodiments, thetrigger guard 116 and themagazine housing 120 may be portions of a single unitary body. In other embodiments, thetrigger guard 116 and themagazine housing 120 may be separate components that may be assembled together. - The
trigger guard 116 is configured to extend around a trigger, which is not shown in the figures, in such a manner as to prevent unintentional movement of the trigger. The trigger, and various other components of a trigger assembly, may be operatively coupled with the trigger housing. The trigger assembly provides a linkage between the trigger and the firing pin, such that pull of the trigger causes movement of the firing pin. The trigger assembly also may include one or more components of a safety mechanism used to prevent accidental pull of the trigger and/or movement of the firing pin. - The
magazine housing 120 is configured to receive the magazine 112 (FIGS. 1 through 6 ) therein. Thus, as shown inFIG. 9 , themagazine housing 120 has a shape and configuration defining amagazine receptacle 122 therein. As shown inFIG. 9 , themagazine receptacle 122 may have a longitudinal length L122 and a transverse width W122. The longitudinal length L122 is greater than the transverse width W122. As previously mentioned, thelower portion 106, and, hence, themagazine housing 120, may have been originally designed and manufactured for use with relatively larger (e.g., longer) centerfire cartridges, such as thecartridge 150 ofFIG. 15 for example. As a result, the longitudinal length L122 of themagazine receptacle 122 in themagazine housing 120 may be longer than the typical longitudinal length of such magazine receptacles in magazine housings of firearms configured for use with relatively smaller (e.g., shorter) rimfire cartridges, such as therimfire cartridge 170 ofFIG. 16 . As non-limiting examples, the longitudinal length L122 of themagazine receptacle 122 in themagazine housing 120 may be greater than about 1.5 inches, greater than about 2.0 inches, greater than about 2.5 inches, or even greater than about 3.0 inches. For example, if thelower portion 106, and, hence, themagazine housing 120, were originally designed and manufactured for use with .308 WINCHESTER centerfire cartridges, the longitudinal length L122 of themagazine receptacle 122 in themagazine housing 120 may be about 3.16 inches. -
FIGS. 10 through 12 illustrate theupper portion 108 of thereceiver assembly 104 of thefirearm 100 separate from the other components of thefirearm 100. As shown inFIGS. 10 through 12 , theupper portion 108 may include anouter bolt housing 126, and abolt 114 configured to slide back and forth in the longitudinal direction within theouter bolt housing 126. Amanual lever 128 may be attached to thebolt 114 to allow a person using thefirearm 100 to manually move thebolt 114 back and forth between the open rearward position and the closed forward position. Thus, thefirearm 100 may be a manualbolt action firearm 100, as opposed to a semi-automatic or fully automatic firearm. The bolt andlever 128 are shown in the closed forward position in the figures. As shown inFIGS. 10 and 11 , theouter bolt housing 126 may include anejection opening 130 through which cartridges or cases of fired cartridges are ejected from thefirearm 100 as they are pulled backward in the proximal direction out from the firing chamber by thebolt 114. As theupper portion 108 is configured for use with relatively smaller (e.g., shorter) rimfire cartridges (e.g., therimfire cartridge 170 ofFIG. 16 ), the ejection opening 130 may have a longitudinal length L130 that is less than about 3.0 inches, less than about 2.5 inches, less than about 2.0 inches, or even less than about 1.5 inches. For example, if theupper portion 108, and, hence, thebolt 114 andouter bolt housing 126, are configured for use with .22 Long Rifle rimfirecartridges 170, the longitudinal length L130 of the ejection opening 130 in theouter bolt housing 126 may be about 2.12 inches. - Similarly, the stroke length of the
bolt 114, which is the distance thebolt 114 travels between the open position and the closed position, may be less than about 3.0 inches, less than about 2.5 inches, less than about 2.0 inches, or even less than about 1.75 inches. For example, if theupper portion 108, and, hence, thebolt 114 andouter bolt housing 126, are configured for use with .22 Long Rifle rimfirecartridges 170, the stroke of thebolt 114 may be about 1.585 inches. - As shown in
FIG. 12 , theouter bolt housing 126 may include aninsertion opening 132 through which unfired cartridges are received from themagazine 112 as the cartridges are being moved into the firing chamber by forward, distal movement of thebolt 114. Again, as theupper portion 108 is configured for use with relatively smaller (e.g., shorter) rimfire cartridges (e.g., therimfire cartridge 170 ofFIG. 16 ), theinsertion opening 132 may have a longitudinal length L132 that is less than about 3.0 inches, less than about 2.5 inches, less than about 2.0 inches, or even less than about 1.5 inches. For example, if theupper portion 108, and, hence, thebolt 114 andouter bolt housing 126, are configured for use with .22 Long Rifle rimfirecartridges 170, the longitudinal length L132 of theinsertion opening 132 in theouter bolt housing 126 may be about 1.26 inches. -
FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrate themagazine 112. Themagazine 112 of thefirearm 100 of the present disclosure has external dimensions and an external configuration that is configured to couple with themagazine housing 120 and the magazine receptacle 122 (FIG. 9 ) of the lower assemble 106, which are configured for use with relatively larger centerfire cartridges (e.g., thecenterfire cartridge 150 ofFIG. 15 ), but has internal dimensions and an internal configuration that are configured to receive and store relatively smaller rimfire cartridges (e.g., the rimfire cartridge 170) therein. Themagazine 112 is also configured to couple with theupper portion 108, when themagazine 112 is coupled with thereceiver assembly 104, in such a manner as to allow arimfire cartridge 170 contained in themagazine 112 to be fed into theupper portion 108 through theinsertion opening 132 in the lower surface of the outer bolt housing 126 (FIG. 12 ). Thus, themagazine 112 may have an external longitudinal length L112 and a transverse width W112. The external longitudinal length L112 and a transverse width W112 may be generally similar too, but slightly smaller than, the longitudinal length L122 and the transverse width W122, respectively, of themagazine receptacle 122 to allow themagazine 112 to be received tightly in, and secured within, themagazine receptacle 122 in themagazine housing 120. The longitudinal length L112 of themagazine 112 may be longer than the typical longitudinal length of such magazines of firearms configured for use with relatively smaller (e.g., shorter)rimfire cartridges 170. As non-limiting examples, the longitudinal length L112 of themagazine 112 may be greater than about 1.5 inches, greater than about 2.0 inches, greater than about 2.5 inches, or even greater than about 3.0 inches. For example, if thelower portion 106 was originally designed and manufactured for use with .308 WINCHESTERcenterfire cartridges 150, the longitudinal length L112 of themagazine 112 may be about 3.06 inches, and the transverse width W112 of themagazine 112 may be about 0.974 inches. - The
magazine 112, however, is configured to receive relatively smaller (e.g., shorter)rimfire cartridges 170 therein. Thus, astorage rack 134 may be provided within themagazine 112 that is configured to receive and store such smallerrimfire cartridges 170 therein in a vertical stack. Thestorage rack 134 may protrude from the top of the outer housing of themagazine 112, as shown inFIGS. 13 and 14 , so as to project into or proximate theinsertion opening 132 in theouter bolt housing 126 of theupper portion 108 when themagazine 112 is coupled with thereceiver assembly 104. Thestorage rack 134 may have a longitudinal length L134 that is relatively shorter than the longitudinal length L112 of the magazine, as shown inFIG. 13 . By way of example and not limitation, the longitudinal length L134 of thestorage rack 134 may be about 75% or less of the longitudinal length L112 of themagazine 112, about 50% or less of the longitudinal length L112 of themagazine 112, or even about 35% or less of the longitudinal length L112 of themagazine 112. As a result, a significant interior volume of themagazine 112 is not occupied bycartridges 170 when the magazine is fully loaded withcartridges 170, in contrast to previously known magazines. For example, therimfire cartridges 170 may occupy about 60% or less of the internal volume of themagazine 112, about 50% or less of the internal volume of themagazine 112, or even about 40% or less of the internal volume of themagazine 112, when themagazine 112 is fully loaded with therimfire cartridges 170. In this configuration, themagazine 112 may not be capable of receiving cartridges (e.g., centerfire cartridges 150) therein having a length greater than about 75% of the external longitudinal length L112 of themagazine 112, greater than about 50% of the external longitudinal length L112 of themagazine 112, greater than about 40% of the external longitudinal length L112 of themagazine 112, or even greater than about 35% of the external longitudinal length L112 of themagazine 112. - The “headspace” in a firing chamber of a firearm is defined as the distance from the distal, forward surface of the
bolt 114 when the bolt is in the forward closed position, to the feature, such as a seat surface, in the firing chamber against which a portion of the case abuts as the cartridge is inserted into the firing chamber such that further forward movement of the cartridge in the firing chamber is precluded. In a rimfire cartridge, such as therimfire cartridge 170 ofFIG. 16 , theheadspace 182 is defined by the thickness of the annular protrudingrim 180 of thecase 172 of thecartridge 170. In a centerfire cartridge, such as thecenterfire cartridge 150 ofFIG. 15 , theheadspace 160 is defined by a surface forming a narrowed or “necked-down” region of thecase 152 at or near the openproximal end 158 of thecase 152. Thus, the headspace of centerfire cartridges is generally significantly longer than the headspace of rimfire cartridges. In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, the headspace in afirearm 100 of the present disclosure may be about 0.075″ or less, for example. - As will be appreciated from the above description, the
firearm 100 of the present disclosure is distinguishable from previously known firearms by, for example, the difference in size between the exterior dimensions of themagazine 112 and the dimensions of each of the internal storage rack 124 within themagazine 112, theejection opening 130 and theinsertion opening 132 of theouter bolt housing 126, the stroke length of thebolt 114, the firing chamber, and the headspace within the firing chamber. - Additional embodiments of the present disclosure include methods of manufacturing a
firearm 100 as described herein, as well as method of adapting afirearm 100 configured for use with centerfire cartridges for use with rimfire cartridges. - For example, a
barrel 110,upper portion 108, andmagazine 112 as described hereinabove may be fabricated or otherwise provided. A firearm may be selected that is configured for use with centerfire rifle cartridges. As a non-limiting example, a .308 WINCHESTER caliber firearm may be selected. The barrel and upper portion of the firearm may be removed, and thebarrel 110 andupper portion 108 may be assembled with thestock 102 andlower portion 106 of the .308 WINCHESTER caliber firearm. Themagazine 112 may have exterior dimensions and a configuration configured to couple with the magazine housing and thelower portion 106 of the .308 WINCHESTER caliber firearm, but thestorage rack 134 may be configured to receive and store, for example, .22 long rifle rimfire cartridges therein. Similarly, thebarrel 110 and theupper portion 108 may be configured for firing .22 long rifle rimfire cartridges therein. Upon assembly, afirearm 100 as described herein is formed, which includes astock 102 andlower portion 106 of a .308 WINCHESTER caliber firearm, but that is configured to fire .22 long rifle rimfire cartridges. - Such .22 long rifle rimfire cartridges are significantly less expensive than .308 WINCHESTER centerfire cartridges. As a result, personnel, such as military or police personnel, may participate in training exercises using a .308 WINCHESTER caliber centerfire firearm while firing relatively inexpensive .22 long rifle rimfire cartridges therefrom. Upon completion of the training exercises, the firearm may be reconfigured for firing .308 WINCHESTER caliber centerfire cartridges therefrom by removing the
barrel 110,upper portion 108, andmagazine 112, and replacing them with the original barrel, upper portion, and magazine of the .308 WINCHESTER caliber centerfire firearm, which were configured for use with .308 WINCHESTER caliber centerfire cartridges. - Additional non-limiting example embodiments of the disclosure are set forth below.
- A firearm, comprising: a stock; a receiver assembly attached to the stock, the receiver assembly including a lower portion and an upper portion; a barrel extending from the receiver assembly; a firing chamber located at the proximal end of the barrel; and a magazine configured for holding a plurality of unfired rimfire cartridges therein, the magazine configured to be repeatedly coupled to and decoupled from the receiver assembly; wherein the upper portion comprises an action mechanism configured to move an unfired rimfire cartridge from the magazine into the firing chamber, and to remove the rimfire cartridge from the firing chamber and to eject the rimfire cartridge from the receiver assembly, the action mechanism including a bolt disposed proximal to the firing chamber and movable between an open position and a closed position, the upper portion further comprising a firing pin configured to strike a rim of a rimfire cartridge in the firing chamber upon actuation of a trigger; wherein the lower portion comprises a trigger mechanism configured to cause movement of the firing pin upon actuation of a trigger of the trigger mechanism, the lower portion further comprising a housing defining a receptacle configured to receive the magazine therein; and wherein the lower portion of the receiver assembly is sized and configured for use with another upper portion and another magazine, the another upper portion and another magazine configured for use with centerfire cartridges.
- The firearm of Embodiment 1, wherein the magazine has an external length, width, and height, and wherein the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 75% of the external length of the magazine.
- The firearm of Embodiment 2, wherein the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 50% of the external length of the magazine.
- The firearm of Embodiment 3, wherein the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 40% of the external length of the magazine.
- The firearm of Embodiment 4, wherein the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 35% of the external length of the magazine.
- The firearm of any one of Embodiments 1 through 5, wherein the firearm has a headspace of 0.075″ or less.
- The firearm of any one of Embodiments 1 through 6, wherein the firing chamber is sized and configured to fire one of .17 HORNADY MACH 2 cartridges, .17 HORNADY MAGNUM RIMFIRE cartridges, 5 mm REMINGTON RIMFIRE MAGNUM cartridges, .22 long rifle rimfire cartridges, and .22 WINCHESTER MAGNUM RIMFIRE cartridges.
- A method of manufacturing a firearm, comprising: providing a barrel configured for used with rimfire cartridges; forming an upper portion configured for use with rimfire cartridges, the upper portion comprising an action mechanism configured to move an unfired rimfire cartridge from a magazine into a firing chamber at least partially defined in a proximal end of the barrel, and to remove the rimfire cartridge from the firing chamber and to eject the rimfire cartridge from the receiver assembly, the action mechanism including a bolt disposed proximal to the firing chamber and movable between an open position and a closed position, the upper portion further comprising a firing pin configured to strike a rim of a rimfire cartridge in the firing chamber upon actuation of a trigger; attaching the upper portion and the barrel to a lower portion and a stock sized and configured for use with another upper portion and another barrel each configured for use with centerfire cartridges, the lower portion comprising at least a portion of a trigger mechanism configured to cause movement of the firing pin upon actuation of a trigger of the trigger mechanism, the lower portion further comprising a housing defining a receptacle configured to receive a magazine therein; and providing a magazine configured for holding a plurality of unfired rimfire cartridges therein, the magazine configured to be repeatedly coupled to and decoupled from the upper portion and lower portion.
- The method of Embodiment 8, further comprising forming the magazine.
- The method of Embodiment 9, wherein forming the magazine comprises forming the magazine to have an external length, width, and height, and configuring the magazine such that the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 75% of the external length of the magazine.
- The method of Embodiment 10, further comprising configuring the magazine such that the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 50% of the external length of the magazine.
- The method of Embodiment 11, further comprising configuring the magazine such that the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 40% of the external length of the magazine.
- The method of Embodiment 12, further comprising configuring the magazine such that the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 35% of the external length of the magazine.
- The method of any one of Embodiments 8 through 13, further comprising configuring the upper portion such that the firearm has a headspace of 0.075″ or less.
- The method of any one of Embodiments 8 through 14, further comprising selecting the barrel and configuring each of the upper portion and magazine for use with one of .17 HORNADY MACH 2 cartridges, .17 HORNADY MAGNUM RIMFIRE cartridges, 5 mm REMINGTON RIMFIRE MAGNUM cartridges, .22 long rifle rimfire cartridges, and .22 WINCHESTER MAGNUM RIMFIRE cartridges.
- The method of any one of Embodiments 8 through 15, further comprising selecting the stock and the lower portion to comprise a stock and a lower portion of a firearm configured to fire .308 WINCHESTER centerfire cartridges.
- A method of using a firearm, comprising: selecting a firearm configured to fire centerfire cartridges; removing a first barrel and a first upper portion of a first receiver assembly from the firearm; providing a second barrel and a second upper portion configured for use with rimfire cartridges, the second upper portion comprising an action mechanism configured to move an unfired rimfire cartridge from a magazine into a firing chamber at least partially defined in a proximal end of the second barrel, and to remove the rimfire cartridge from the firing chamber and to eject the rimfire cartridge from the upper portion, the action mechanism including a bolt disposed proximal to the firing chamber and movable between an open position and a closed position, the second upper portion further comprising a firing pin configured to strike a rim of a rimfire cartridge in the firing chamber upon actuation of a trigger; attaching the second upper portion and the second barrel to a lower portion and a stock of the firearm, the lower portion comprising at least a portion of a trigger mechanism configured to cause movement of the firing pin upon actuation of a trigger of the trigger mechanism, the lower portion further comprising a housing defining a receptacle configured to receive a magazine therein; and providing a magazine configured for holding a plurality of unfired rimfire cartridges therein, the magazine configured to be repeatedly coupled to and decoupled from the second upper portion and the lower portion.
- The method of Embodiment 17, further comprising selecting the magazine to have an external length and width, the magazine not being capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 75% of the external length of the magazine.
- The method of Embodiment 18, wherein the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 50% of the external length of the magazine.
- The method of Embodiment 19, wherein the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 35% of the external length of the magazine.
- The method of any one of Embodiments 17 through 20, further comprising selecting the second barrel, the second upper portion, and the magazine for use with one of .17 HORNADY MACH 2 cartridges, .17 HORNADY MAGNUM RIMFIRE cartridges, 5 mm REMINGTON RIMFIRE MAGNUM cartridges, .22 long rifle rimfire cartridges, and .22 WINCHESTER MAGNUM RIMFIRE cartridges.
- The method of any one of Embodiments 17 through 21, wherein selecting the firearm comprises selecting a firearm configured for firing .308 WINCHESTER centerfire cartridges.
- The example embodiments of the disclosure described above do not limit the scope of the invention, since these embodiments are merely examples of embodiments of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims and their legal equivalents. Any equivalent embodiments are intended to be within the scope of this invention. Indeed, various modifications of the disclosure, in addition to those shown and described herein, such as alternate useful combinations of the elements described, will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the description. Such modifications and embodiments are also intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (22)
1. A firearm, comprising:
a stock;
a receiver assembly attached to the stock, the receiver assembly including a lower portion and an upper portion;
a barrel extending from the receiver assembly;
a firing chamber located at the proximal end of the barrel; and
a magazine configured for holding a plurality of unfired rimfire cartridges therein, the magazine configured to be repeatedly coupled to and decoupled from the receiver assembly;
wherein the upper portion comprises an action mechanism configured to move an unfired rimfire cartridge from the magazine into the firing chamber, and to remove the rimfire cartridge from the firing chamber and to eject the rimfire cartridge from the receiver assembly, the action mechanism including a bolt disposed proximal to the firing chamber and movable between an open position and a closed position, the upper portion further comprising a firing pin configured to strike a rim of a rimfire cartridge in the firing chamber upon actuation of a trigger;
wherein the lower portion comprises a trigger mechanism configured to cause movement of the firing pin upon actuation of a trigger of the trigger mechanism, the lower portion further comprising a housing defining a receptacle configured to receive the magazine therein; and
wherein the lower portion of the receiver assembly is sized and configured for use with another upper portion and another magazine, the another upper portion and another magazine configured for use with centerfire cartridges.
2. The firearm of claim 1 , wherein the magazine has an external length, width, and height, and wherein the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 75% of the external length of the magazine.
3. The firearm of claim 2 , wherein the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 50% of the external length of the magazine.
4. The firearm of claim 3 , wherein the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 40% of the external length of the magazine.
5. The firearm of claim 4 , wherein the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 35% of the external length of the magazine.
6. The firearm of claim 1 , wherein the firearm has a headspace of 0.075″ or less.
7. The firearm of claim 1 , wherein the firing chamber is sized and configured to fire one of .17 HORNADY MACH 2 cartridges, .17 HORNADY MAGNUM RIMFIRE cartridges, 5 mm REMINGTON RIMFIRE MAGNUM cartridges, .22 long rifle rimfire cartridges, and .22 WINCHESTER MAGNUM RIMFIRE cartridges.
8. A method of manufacturing a firearm, comprising:
providing a barrel configured for used with rimfire cartridges;
forming an upper portion configured for use with rimfire cartridges, the upper portion comprising an action mechanism configured to move an unfired rimfire cartridge from a magazine into a firing chamber at least partially defined in a proximal end of the barrel, and to remove the rimfire cartridge from the firing chamber and to eject the rimfire cartridge from the receiver assembly, the action mechanism including a bolt disposed proximal to the firing chamber and movable between an open position and a closed position, the upper portion further comprising a firing pin configured to strike a rim of a rimfire cartridge in the firing chamber upon actuation of a trigger;
attaching the upper portion and the barrel to a lower portion and a stock sized and configured for use with another upper portion and another barrel each configured for use with centerfire cartridges, the lower portion comprising at least a portion of a trigger mechanism configured to cause movement of the firing pin upon actuation of a trigger of the trigger mechanism, the lower portion further comprising a housing defining a receptacle configured to receive a magazine therein; and
providing a magazine configured for holding a plurality of unfired rimfire cartridges therein, the magazine configured to be repeatedly coupled to and decoupled from the upper portion and lower portion.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising forming the magazine.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein forming the magazine comprises forming the magazine to have an external length, width, and height, and configuring the magazine such that the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 75% of the external length of the magazine.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising configuring the magazine such that the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 50% of the external length of the magazine.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising configuring the magazine such that the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 40% of the external length of the magazine.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising configuring the magazine such that the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 35% of the external length of the magazine.
14. The method of claim 8 , further comprising configuring the upper portion such that the firearm has a headspace of 0.075″ or less.
15. The method of claim 8 , further comprising selecting the barrel and configuring each of the upper portion and magazine for use with one of .17 HORNADY MACH 2 cartridges, .17 HORNADY MAGNUM RIMFIRE cartridges, 5 mm REMINGTON RIMFIRE MAGNUM cartridges, .22 long rifle rimfire cartridges, and .22 WINCHESTER MAGNUM RIMFIRE cartridges.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising selecting the stock and the lower portion to comprise a stock and a lower portion of a firearm configured to fire .308 WINCHESTER centerfire cartridges.
17. A method of using a firearm, comprising:
selecting a firearm configured to fire centerfire cartridges;
removing a first barrel and a first upper portion of a first receiver assembly from the firearm;
providing a second barrel and a second upper portion configured for use with rimfire cartridges, the second upper portion comprising an action mechanism configured to move an unfired rimfire cartridge from a magazine into a firing chamber at least partially defined in a proximal end of the second barrel, and to remove the rimfire cartridge from the firing chamber and to eject the rimfire cartridge from the upper portion, the action mechanism including a bolt disposed proximal to the firing chamber and movable between an open position and a closed position, the second upper portion further comprising a firing pin configured to strike a rim of a rimfire cartridge in the firing chamber upon actuation of a trigger;
attaching the second upper portion and the second barrel to a lower portion and a stock of the firearm, the lower portion comprising at least a portion of a trigger mechanism configured to cause movement of the firing pin upon actuation of a trigger of the trigger mechanism, the lower portion further comprising a housing defining a receptacle configured to receive a magazine therein; and
providing a magazine configured for holding a plurality of unfired rimfire cartridges therein, the magazine configured to be repeatedly coupled to and decoupled from the second upper portion and the lower portion.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising selecting the magazine to have an external length and width, the magazine not being capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 75% of the external length of the magazine.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 50% of the external length of the magazine.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the magazine is not capable of receiving cartridges therein having a length greater than about 35% of the external length of the magazine.
21. The method of claim 17 , further comprising selecting the second barrel, the second upper portion, and the magazine for use with one of .17 HORNADY MACH 2 cartridges, .17 HORNADY MAGNUM RIMFIRE cartridges, 5 mm REMINGTON RIMFIRE MAGNUM cartridges, .22 long rifle rimfire cartridges, and .22 WINCHESTER MAGNUM RIMFIRE cartridges.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein selecting the firearm comprises selecting a firearm configured for firing .308 WINCHESTER centerfire cartridges.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/155,004 US20140317983A1 (en) | 2013-01-14 | 2014-01-14 | Rimfire type firearms having centerfire firearm components and related methods |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US201361752297P | 2013-01-14 | 2013-01-14 | |
US14/155,004 US20140317983A1 (en) | 2013-01-14 | 2014-01-14 | Rimfire type firearms having centerfire firearm components and related methods |
Publications (1)
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US20140317983A1 true US20140317983A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
Family
ID=51788013
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US14/155,004 Abandoned US20140317983A1 (en) | 2013-01-14 | 2014-01-14 | Rimfire type firearms having centerfire firearm components and related methods |
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US (1) | US20140317983A1 (en) |
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US9766025B1 (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2017-09-19 | Terry L. Rood | Rifle receiver |
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