US20140131110A1 - Make-Up/Break-Out Device For Drilling Hammers - Google Patents
Make-Up/Break-Out Device For Drilling Hammers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20140131110A1 US20140131110A1 US14/076,758 US201314076758A US2014131110A1 US 20140131110 A1 US20140131110 A1 US 20140131110A1 US 201314076758 A US201314076758 A US 201314076758A US 2014131110 A1 US2014131110 A1 US 2014131110A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- drill bit
- bit assembly
- housing
- arm
- helix angle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/046—Directional drilling horizontal drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/16—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints
- E21B19/161—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints using a wrench or a spinner adapted to engage a circular section of pipe
- E21B19/163—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints using a wrench or a spinner adapted to engage a circular section of pipe piston-cylinder actuated
Abstract
A make-up/break-out device for use with a hammer used in horizontal directional drilling operations. The hammer comprises a drill bit assembly and a housing that are connected via low helix angle threads. The make-up/break-out device is used with the hammer to tighten or loosen the connection between the drill bit assembly and the housing. The make-up/break-out device comprises a vise arm, a lever arm, and drive arm. The drive arm reacts torque on both the vise arm and the lever arm which in turn react torque on the drill bit assembly and the housing
Description
- This application claims the benefit of provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/725,320, filed on Nov. 12, 2012, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- The present invention relates generally to horizontal directional drilling machines. Specifically, the present invention relates to a make-up/break-out device for use with threaded hammer assemblies.
- Hammers used in horizontal directional drilling operations are well known in the art. They are typically used for fracturing rock or penetrating tough soil and may be pneumatic or fluid driven. The hammers work by repeatedly striking the face of a drill bit assembly connected to a housing against the face of a borehole. During linear boring operations, the hammer is usually turned only in one direction; thereby, constantly tightening the threads used to connect the drill bit assembly to the housing. Due to this, the drill bit assembly and the housing are typically connected via high helix angle threads or multi-start threads. These types of threads require less torque to unthread the connection.
- More recent hammers have been adapted to steer underground during horizontal directional drilling operations. These hammers are configured with a steering feature that allows the hammer to deviate from a linear borepath upon direction of an operator. The steering feature may comprise an asymmetrical drill bit and/or a deflection in the axis of the hammer relative the rotational axis of the bit to produce offset forces that cause the hammer to deviate from a linear path, Steering may be achieved by rotating the drill bit assembly in the reverse direction over a limited angle of rotation. However, rotating the drill bit assembly in the reverse direction may cause the drill bit assembly to loosen from the housing when the drill bit assembly and the housing are connected via high helix angle threads.
- The present invention is directed to an apparatus to make-up or break-out a drill bit assembly and a housing used m horizontal directional drilling operations. The drill bit assembly comprises external low helix angle threads and at least two pockets on opposing sides of an outer surface. The housing comprises internal low helix angle threads formed to correspond to the external low helix angle threads. The apparatus comprises a vise arm, a lever arm, and a drive arm. The vise arm comprises a gripper to hold the housing against rotation. The lever arm comprises an opening and at least two pins disposed within the opening to engage the pockets to secure the drill bit assembly within, the opening. The drive arm is connected to the vise arm and the lever arm. Operation of the drive arm drives movement of the lever arm to rotate the external low helix angle threads of the drill bit assembly relative to the internal low helix angle threads of the housing.
- The present invention is also directed to an apparatus to make-up or break-out a drill bit assembly and a housing of a hammer used in horizontal directional drilling operations. The drill bit assembly comprises external low helix angle threads and at least two pockets on opposing sides of an outer surface. The housing comprises internal low helix angle threads. The apparatus comprises a vise arm, a lever arm, and a drive arm. The vise arm comprises a gripper to hold the housing against rotation. The lever arm comprises an opening fanned by two arms extending from the lever arm, and at least one pin disposed within each of the two arms to engage the pockets to secure the drill bit assembly within the opening. The drive arm is connected to the vise arm and the lever arm. Operation of the drive arm drives movement of the lever arm to rotate the external low helix angle threads of the drill bit assembly of the hammer relative to the internal low helix angle threads of the housing of the hammer.
- The present invention is further directed to a method for disassembling a hammer used in underground drilling operations. The method comprises the steps of securing a vise arm to a housing comprising internal low helix angle threads, engaging an opening of a lever arm with a drill bit assembly comprising external low helix angle threads, and inserting at least two pins into the opening of the lever arm and into at least two pockets formed on the drill bit assembly to secure the drill bit assembly to the lever arm. The method further comprises the step of extending a drive arm connected to both the vise arm and the lever arm to rotate the drill bit assembly of the hammer relative to the housing of the hammer to loosen the external low helix angle threads of the drill bit assembly from the internal low helix angle threads of the housing.
-
FIG. 1 is a side view of a drill bit assembly and a housing of a hammer. -
FIG. 2 is a modified isometric view of the hammer showing a make-up/break-out device affixed to the drill bit assembly and the housing. -
FIG. 3 is a front view of the device without the hammer disposed within the device. - Turning now to the figures and first to
FIG. 1 , shown therein is adrill bit assembly 10 and ahousing 12 of ahammer 14. Thehammer 14 is formed by connecting thedrill bit assembly 10 to thehousing 12 via external lowhelix angle threads 16. Thedrill bit assembly 10 comprises the external lowhelix angle threads 16, and thehousing 12 comprises corresponding internal lowhelix angle threads 18. In order to maintain the threaded connection between thedrill bit assembly 10 and thehousing 12 during steering operations, the present invention utilizes fine threads with low helix angles. The lowhelix angle threads drill bit assembly 10 and thehousing 12 and require a higher breakaway torque to unthread the connection, as compared to high helix angle threads. The higher breakaway torque maintains a tight connection between thedrill bit assembly 10 and thehousing 12 when rotating in the reverse direction. The higher breakaway torque created from using low helix angle threads also decreases the likelihood of thedrill bit assembly 10 coming loose from thehousing 12 during drilling operations than if high helix angle threads were used. However, it is difficult when in the field to easily tighten the connection between thedrill bit assembly 10 and thehousing 12, as well as produce enough torque to unthread the connection. - Continuing with
FIG. 1 , thedrill bit assembly 10 comprises adrill bit 22 and achuck 24. Thechuck 24 comprises ashank 26 and the external lowhelix angle threads 16. Theshank 26 of thechuck 24 also comprises a plurality ofpockets 28, to be described later on. Thedrill bit 22 and thechuck 24 are held together byretainer rings 30. Thedrill bit 22 may comprise asteering feature 32 and a plurality of raisedcarbide buttons 34. Thesteering feature 32 is the asymmetrical structure of thedrill bit 22 face. Thehousing 12 shown inFIG. 1 also comprises a threadedend 20. The threadedend 20 is adapted to connect to a series of drill pipes (not shown) that connect to a drilling machine at the ground surface (not shown). - Turning now to
FIG. 2 , a make-up/break-outdevice 36 for use with thehammer 14 is shown. Thedrill bit assembly 10 and thehousing 12 of thehammer 14 are shown disposed within thedevice 36. Thedevice 36 may be used to assemble or tighten the connection between thedrill bit assembly 10 and thehousing 12, or the device may be used to disassemble or loosen the drill bit assembly from the housing. Thedevice 36 comprises avise arm 38, alever arm 40, and adrive arm 42. Thevise arm 38 comprises afirst end 44 and asecond end 46. Thefirst end 44 of thevise arm 38 comprises agripper 48. Thegripper 48 engages with thehousing 12 to hold the housing against rotation. Thegripper 48 shown in the figures comprises a chain; however, one of skill in the art will recognize that the gripper may comprise a jaw mechanism or other device suitable to hold the housing against rotation. - Continuing with
FIG. 2 , thelever arm 40 comprises afirst end 50 and asecond end 52, Thefirst end 50 of thelever arm 40 comprises an opening 54 (FIG. 3 ) formed by twoarms 56 extending out from the lever arm. Theopening 54 of thelever arm 40 forms an arc shape and engages with thechuck 24 of thedrill bit assembly 10. A set ofpins 60 are shown disposed within each of the twoarms 56 of thelever arm 40. Thepins 60 extend throughapertures 62 within each of the twoarms 56 and engage with at least two of the plurality of pockets 28 (FIG. 1 ) of thedrill bit assembly 10. Thepins 60 may be threaded through theapertures 62 to a desired distance or until they securely engage with thepockets 28. When thepins 60 are securely engaged with thepockets 28, they hold thedrill bit assembly 10 against rotation relative to thelever arm 40. - The
drive arm 42 shown inFIG. 2 is connected to thesecond end 46 of thevise arm 38 and to thesecond end 52 of thelever arm 40. Thedrive arm 42 connects to thesecond end 46 of thevise arm 38 via apin 66, and the drive arm connects to thesecond end 52 of thelever arm 40 via apin 68. Thepins drive arm 42 drives movement of thelever arm 40 and thevise arm 38. Thedrive arm 42 shown in the figures comprises ahydraulic cylinder 72, which comprises apiston 74 and acylinder 76. When thepiston 74 extends from thecylinder 76, thedrive arm 42 lengthens and causes thelever arm 40 and thevise arm 38 to rotate in opposite directions. Similarly, when thepiston 74 retracts within thecylinder 76, thedrive arm 42 shortens and causes thelever arm 40 andvise arm 38 to rotate in opposite directions. One of skill in the art will recognize that thedrive arm 42 may comprise any mechanism capable of driving rotational movement of thevise arm 38 and thelever arm 40. - In operation, the
lever arm 40 and thedrill bit assembly 10 rotate together when the drive arm is actuated. This occurs because thelever arm 40 tightly grips thedrill bit assembly 10 when thepins 60 are engaged within thepockets 28, which allows the force applied to the lever arm by thedrive arm 42 to be transferred to the drill bit assembly. Prolonged use of thedrill bit assembly 10 in abrasive conditions may cause wear and tear on thepockets 28. Since thepins 60 can be threaded to varying depths needed to secure the pins to thepockets 28, force may be transferred from thelever arm 40 to thedrill bit assembly 10 when abrasion has reduced the depth of the pockets. - Continuing with
FIG. 2 , thevise arm 38 and thehousing 12 rotate together when the vise arm rotates. This occurs because thegripper 48 tightly grips thehousing 12, which allows the force applied to thevise arm 38 by thedrive arm 42 to be transferred to thehousing 12. Thegripper 48 is adapted to wrap around thehousing 12 and apply tension to an outer circumference of the housing. Thegripper 48 also comprises grippingpads 78 which comprise sharp features 80 (FIG. 3 ) that are adapted to bite into an outer surface of thehousing 12. Torque applied to thevise arm 38 is transferred to thehousing 12 via thegripper 48 and thegripping pads 78. - Turning to
FIG. 3 , the make-up/break-outdevice 36 is shown in more detail. Thedrive arm 42 is shown pivotally connected to thesecond end 46 of thevise arm 38 via thepin 66. Thedrive arm 42 is also shown pivotally connected to thesecond end 52 of thelever arm 40 via thepin 68. The retainer pins 70 are shown holding thepins gripper 48 shown in theFIG. 3 comprises a chain. Ascrew 82 and abolt 84 are shown attached to thegripper 48. Thebolt 84 pulls the chain to tighten thegripper 48 on thehousing 12 prior to operating thedevice 36. The sharp features 80 of thegripping pads 78 used to bite into the outer surface of thehousing 12 are also shown in greater detail. Thepin 60 is also shown extending through thearm 56 and into theopening 54 of thefirst end 50 of thelever arm 40. - Prior to horizontal directional drilling operations, the
hammer 14 is configured by connecting thedrill bit assembly 10 to thehousing 12. This is accomplished by threading the external lowhelix angle threads 16 on thedrill bit assembly 10 to the internal lowhelix angle threads 18 on thehousing 12. The make-up/break-outdevice 36 is then employed to tighten the connection between thedrill bit assembly 10 and thehousing 12. To tighten the connection, thedevice 36 is attached to thehammer 14 by engaging thegripper 48 with thehousing 12 and engaging thelever arm 40 with thechuck 24 of thedrill bit assembly 10. Thegripper 48 secures thehousing 12 by tightening thebolt 84 on thescrew 82 to tighten the chain. Thechuck 24 of thedrill bit assembly 10 is secured to thelever arm 40 by placing theopening 54 of the lever arm on theshank 26 of the chuck. Thepins 60 are then threaded through theapertures 62 of the twoarms 56 until the pins are positioned within thepockets 28 formed in theshank 26 of thechuck 24. - The
device 36 tightens the connection between thedrill bit assembly 10 and thehousing 12 via operation of thedrive arm 42. Thedrive arm 42 draws thevise arm 38 andlever arm 40 either closer together or farther apart depending on which direction works to tighten the connection. If thedrive arm 42 comprises thehydraulic cylinder 72, thepiston 74 will either extend or retract from thecylinder 76 to move thevise arm 38 and thelever arm 40 closer or farther apart. The motion of thedrive arm 42 reacts torque on both thevise arm 38 and thelever arm 40 which in turn react torque on thehousing 12 and thedrill bit assembly 10, causing them to rotate in opposite directions and tighten the threaded connection between them. Once a tight connection is formed between thehousing 12 and thedrill bit assembly 10, thehammer 14 may be used in horizontal drilling operations. The strong break away torque imposed on thehammer 14 by the lowhelix angle threads drill bit assembly 10 and thehousing 12 when thedrill bit 22 rotates in the reverse direction. - In order to disassemble the drill bit assembly 10 from the
housing 12 thedevice 36 is again engaged with thehammer 14. Thedrive arm 42 then moves thevise arm 38 and thelever arm 40 in the opposite direction the arms were moved to tighten the connection. The torque from thedrive arm 42 is applied to thevise arm 38 and thelever arm 40 and then to thehousing 12 and thedrill bit assembly 10. Thehousing 12 and thedrill bit assembly 10 are then turned in opposite directions until the threaded connection is loosened and the drill bit assembly may be disassembled from the housing. - Various modifications can be made in the design and operation of the present invention without departing from its spirit. Thus, while the principal preferred construction and modes of operation of the invention have been explained in what is now considered to represent its best embodiments, it should be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described.
Claims (31)
1. An apparatus to make-up or break-out a drill bit assembly and, a housing used in horizontal directional drilling operations, the drill bit assembly comprising external low helix angle threads and at least two pockets on opposing sides of an outer surface, and the housing comprising internal low helix angle threads, the apparatus comprising:
a vise arm comprising a gripper to hold the housing against rotation;
a lever arm comprising an opening and at least two pins disposed within the opening to engage the pockets to secure the drill hit assembly within the opening; and
a drive arm connected to the vise arm and the lever arm;
wherein operation of the drive arm drives movement of the lever arm to rotate the external low helix angle threads of the drill bit assembly relative to the internal low helix angle threads of the housing.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the opening of the lever arm is an arc shape which comprises two apertures formed in the lever arm for receiving the pins.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the two apertures are threaded.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the pins are threaded into the two apertures.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the drive arm comprises a hydraulic cylinder.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the drill bit assembly comprises a chuck and a drill bit.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the chuck comprises the at least two pockets.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the drill bit assembly comprises a plurality of pockets formed in a circle around an outer circumference of the drill bit assembly.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the drill bit assembly is adapted to rotate in two different directions.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the drill bit assembly comprises a steering feature adapted to deviate the housing from a linear path.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the drill bit assembly comprises retaining rings.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the gripper comprises a chain.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the angle of the external low helix angle threads and the internal low helix angle threads is in the range of 0.25 to 4.0 degrees.
14. An apparatus to make-up or break-out a drill bit assembly and a housing of a hammer used in horizontal directional drilling operations, the drill bit assembly comprising external low helix angle threads and at least two pockets on opposing sides of an outer surface, and the housing comprising internal low helix angle threads, the apparatus comprising:
a vise arm comprising a gripper to hold the housing against rotation;
a lever arm comprising an opening formed by two arms extending from the lever arm, and at least one pin disposed within each of the two arms to engage the pockets to secure the drill bit assembly within the opening; and
a drive arm connected to the vise arm and the lever arm;
wherein operation of the drive arm drives movement of the lever arm to rotate the external low helix angle threads of the drill bit assembly of the hammer relative to the internal low helix angle threads of the housing of the hammer.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein each of the two arms comprises an aperture for receiving each pin.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the apertures are threaded.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein each pin is threaded into each aperture.
18. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the drive arm comprises a hydraulic cylinder.
19. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the drill bit assembly comprises a chuck and a drill bit.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the chuck comprises the at least two pockets.
21. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the drill bit assembly of the hammer comprises a plurality of pockets formed in a circle around an outer circumference of the drill bit assembly.
22. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the drill bit assembly of the hammer is adapted to rotate in two different directions.
23. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the drill bit assembly of the hammer comprises a steering feature adapted to deviate the housing from a linear path.
24. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the drill bit assembly comprises retaining rings.
25. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the gripper comprises a chain.
26. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the angle of the external low helix angle threads and the internal low helix angle threads is in the range of 0.25 to 4.0 degrees.
27. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the drill hit assembly comprises an asymmetrical steerable drill bit.
28. A method for disassembling a hammer used in underground drilling operations, the method comprising the steps of:
securing a vise arm to a housing comprising internal low helix angle threads;
engaging an opening of a lever arm with a drill bit assembly comprising external low helix angle threads;
inserting at least two pins into the opening of the lever arm and into at least two pockets formed on the drill bit assembly to secure the drill bit assembly to the lever arm; and
extending a drive arm connected to both the vise arm and the lever arm to rotate the drill bit assembly of the hammer relative to the housing of the hammer to loosen the external low helix angle threads of the drill bit assembly from the internal law helix angle threads of the housing.
29. The method of claim 28 further comprising threading the pins through the lever arm and into the pockets to a distance needed to secure the drill bit assembly within the opening of the lever arm.
30. The method of claim 28 wherein extending the drive arm comprises operating a hydraulic cylinder.
31. The method of claim 28 further comprising providing a chuck of the drill bit assembly with the at least two pockets.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/076,758 US20140131110A1 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2013-11-11 | Make-Up/Break-Out Device For Drilling Hammers |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261725320P | 2012-11-12 | 2012-11-12 | |
US14/076,758 US20140131110A1 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2013-11-11 | Make-Up/Break-Out Device For Drilling Hammers |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20140131110A1 true US20140131110A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
Family
ID=50680598
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US14/076,758 Abandoned US20140131110A1 (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2013-11-11 | Make-Up/Break-Out Device For Drilling Hammers |
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US (1) | US20140131110A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USD790310S1 (en) | 2015-09-21 | 2017-06-27 | Lawrence St. Peter | Handle adapter for a bench vice |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2719025A (en) * | 1951-08-22 | 1955-09-27 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Safety collar |
US3680412A (en) * | 1969-12-03 | 1972-08-01 | Gardner Denver Co | Joint breakout mechanism |
US4147215A (en) * | 1978-03-09 | 1979-04-03 | Hughes Tool Company | Independently powered breakout apparatus and method for a sectional drill string |
US4352399A (en) * | 1980-10-31 | 1982-10-05 | Kenneth Davis | Bit breaker and handle |
US4483220A (en) * | 1980-06-16 | 1984-11-20 | Deere & Company | Adjustable spanner wrench |
US4924954A (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1990-05-15 | Mead Raymond A | Bit breakout system |
US6793021B1 (en) * | 2003-02-03 | 2004-09-21 | Robert P. Fanguy | Screen table tong assembly and method |
US7628212B2 (en) * | 2006-10-26 | 2009-12-08 | Tt Technologies, Inc. | Drill stem connection and method |
US7654341B2 (en) * | 2006-10-26 | 2010-02-02 | Tt Technologies, Inc. | Drill stem coupling and method for a directional drill |
US7997166B2 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2011-08-16 | Longyear Tm, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for joint disassembly |
-
2013
- 2013-11-11 US US14/076,758 patent/US20140131110A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2719025A (en) * | 1951-08-22 | 1955-09-27 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Safety collar |
US3680412A (en) * | 1969-12-03 | 1972-08-01 | Gardner Denver Co | Joint breakout mechanism |
US4147215A (en) * | 1978-03-09 | 1979-04-03 | Hughes Tool Company | Independently powered breakout apparatus and method for a sectional drill string |
US4483220A (en) * | 1980-06-16 | 1984-11-20 | Deere & Company | Adjustable spanner wrench |
US4352399A (en) * | 1980-10-31 | 1982-10-05 | Kenneth Davis | Bit breaker and handle |
US4924954A (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1990-05-15 | Mead Raymond A | Bit breakout system |
US6793021B1 (en) * | 2003-02-03 | 2004-09-21 | Robert P. Fanguy | Screen table tong assembly and method |
US7628212B2 (en) * | 2006-10-26 | 2009-12-08 | Tt Technologies, Inc. | Drill stem connection and method |
US7654341B2 (en) * | 2006-10-26 | 2010-02-02 | Tt Technologies, Inc. | Drill stem coupling and method for a directional drill |
US7997166B2 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2011-08-16 | Longyear Tm, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for joint disassembly |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USD790310S1 (en) | 2015-09-21 | 2017-06-27 | Lawrence St. Peter | Handle adapter for a bench vice |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: EARTH TOOL COMPANY LLC, WISCONSIN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:RANDA, MARK D.;CRANE, ROBERT F.;REEL/FRAME:031577/0592 Effective date: 20130730 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |