US20140061148A1 - Preparing Glass Containers for Electrostatic Coating - Google Patents
Preparing Glass Containers for Electrostatic Coating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20140061148A1 US20140061148A1 US14/075,103 US201314075103A US2014061148A1 US 20140061148 A1 US20140061148 A1 US 20140061148A1 US 201314075103 A US201314075103 A US 201314075103A US 2014061148 A1 US2014061148 A1 US 2014061148A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- container
- coating
- set forth
- glass container
- exterior surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000009503 electrostatic coating Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 tin oxide Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)Cl FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I antimony(5+);pentachloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- DAMJCWMGELCIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl n-(2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COC(=O)NC1CCNC1=O DAMJCWMGELCIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMLFYGFCXGNERH-UHFFFAOYSA-K butyltin trichloride Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl YMLFYGFCXGNERH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012702 metal oxide precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- HVYVMSPIJIWUNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylstibine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[Sb](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 HVYVMSPIJIWUNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D23/00—Details of bottles or jars not otherwise provided for
- B65D23/08—Coverings or external coatings
- B65D23/0807—Coatings
- B65D23/0814—Coatings characterised by the composition of the material
- B65D23/0835—Coatings characterised by the composition of the material consisting mainly of metallic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/001—General methods for coating; Devices therefor
- C03C17/003—General methods for coating; Devices therefor for hollow ware, e.g. containers
- C03C17/005—Coating the outside
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/42—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating of an organic material and at least one non-metal coating
Definitions
- the present disclosure is directed to glass containers, coating processes for glass containers including methods and materials for coating glass containers (e.g., glass bottles and jars), and to preparing glass containers for electrostatic coating.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,522,075 discloses a process for coating a glass container in which the container is formed, coated with a layer of metal oxide such as tin oxide, cooled through a lehr, and then coated with an organopolysiloxane resin-based material over the metal oxide layer.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,099,486 discloses a process for electrostatically coating a glass container, which is electrically conductive so that a charge differential can be created by grounding the container.
- the process includes supporting a container in an inverted position on a non-conductive chuck, and contacting a ground pin with a neck finish of the container or longitudinally extending the ground pin into the interior of the container and into contact with an inside bottom of the container to complete a ground path.
- the process also includes heating the container to the range of 150-400 degrees Fahrenheit to reduce surface resistivity, and increase conductivity, of the container, and then spraying the container with charged particles, which are attracted to the conductive grounded surface of the container.
- a general object of the present disclosure in accordance with one aspect of the disclosure, is to provide a glass container with an electrically conductive surface, which may allow the container to be electrostatically coated without the need to use grounding pins, to heat containers to increase surface conductivity, and/or to apply an additional conductive coating layer.
- the present disclosure embodies a number of aspects that can be implemented separately from or in combination with each other.
- a glass container in accordance with one aspect of the disclosure is made by the steps of: (a) contacting an exterior surface of the container with a mixed gas including a metal compound and a dopant compound including at least one dopant selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, B, P, and Sb, to form a doped metal oxide coating on said exterior surface of the container to reduce electrical resistivity of said exterior surface of the container; and (b) electrostatically applying an organic coating to said exterior surface of the container after step (a) and being carried out at less than 150 degrees Fahrenheit.
- a glass container that includes a closed base at one axial end of the container, a body extending axially from the closed base and being circumferentially closed, and an open mouth at another axial end of the container opposite of the base.
- An exterior surface of the container includes an organic coating electrostatically applied over an electrically conductive hot end coating that includes a metal oxide and a dopant selected from the group consisting of: F, Cl, B, P, and Sb.
- a glass container made by the steps of forming the container, applying a hot end coating to an exterior surface of the container, wherein the hot end coating includes a metal oxide, and a dopant to reduce electrical resistivity of the exterior surface of the container.
- the method also includes annealing the container that was coated, applying a cold end coating to the exterior surface of the container, inspecting the container, and electrostatically depositing an organic coating on the container at less than 150 degrees Fahrenheit and without having to use grounding pins, without having to heat the container, and without having to apply an additional conductive coating layer after applying the hot end coating.
- FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a glass container in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the glass container body before coating
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the glass container, taken from circle 3 of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a glass container 10 that may be produced in accord with an exemplary embodiment of a manufacturing process presently disclosed hereinbelow.
- the glass container 10 includes a longitudinal axis A, a base 10 a at one axial end of the container 10 that is closed in an axial direction, a body 10 b extending in an axial direction from the axially closed base 10 a, and a mouth 10 c at another axial end of the container 10 opposite of the base 10 a.
- the container 10 also includes a neck 10 d that may extend axially from the body 10 b, may be generally conical in shape, and may terminate in the mouth 10 c .
- the container 10 need not include the neck 10 d and the mouth 10 c may terminate the body 10 b, such as in a glass jar embodiment or the like.
- the body 10 b may be of any suitable shape in cross-section transverse to the axis A as long as the body 10 b is circumferentially closed.
- the body 10 b may be of cylindrical transverse cross-sectional shape that is circumferentially closed.
- the body 10 b may be generally oval, square, rectangular, or of any other suitable transverse cross-sectional shape.
- FIG. 3 illustrates that the container 10 includes a glass substrate 12 , a hot end coating 14 applied to an exterior surface of container 10 on the substrate 12 , a cold end coating 16 applied to the exterior surface of container 10 over the hot end coating 14 , and an organic coating 18 applied to the exterior surface of container 10 over the cold end coating 16 .
- the various coatings 14 - 18 are shown as adjacent layers overlying one another sequentially, one or more of the coatings may penetrate into or even through one or more of the other coatings. Accordingly, the various coatings 14 - 18 may be fairly described as being applied generally to the glass container 10 , regardless of how or to what extent any given coating contacts any of the other coatings and/or the substrate 12 . Similarly, when a material is described as being applied to an exterior surface of the glass container 10 , the material may be applied to one or more of the coatings 14 - 18 and/or to the glass substrate 12 itself.
- Glass containers can be produced in any suitable manner. This typically would involve a “hot end” including one or more melting furnaces, forming machines, and annealing lehrs, and a “cold end” after the annealing lehr(s) and including inspection equipment and packaging machines. Accordingly, a hot end coating is a coating applied at the hot end of the glass container manufacturing process prior to the annealing lehr, and a cold end coating is a coating applied after the annealing lehr at the cold end of the glass container manufacturing process.
- the glass containers may be hot-end coated in any suitable manner.
- the glass containers may be coated, for instance, under a hood between the forming machines and an annealing lehr.
- the exterior surface of the container 10 is contacted with a mixed gas including a metal compound and a dopant compound including at least one dopant to form a doped metal oxide coating on the exterior surface of the container to produce the hot-end coating 14 and to reduce electrical resistivity of the exterior surface of the container.
- the hot-end coating 14 includes a metal oxide.
- the metal oxide may include oxides of tin, titanium, vanadium, zirconium, and/or the like.
- the hot-end coating 14 includes a dopant.
- the dopant may include fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), boron (B), phosphorous (P), and/or antimony (Sb).
- the dopant compound includes at least one dopant selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, B, P, and Sb.
- molecular precursors of the dopant may be added into a gas phase of the precursor to the metal oxide, for example, by chemical vapor deposition. Any suitable source of the dopant molecules or precursor and any suitable means to vaporize the dopant precursor may be used.
- the dopant precursor may be vaporized in a hot end coating hood depending on vapor pressure of the dopant precursor.
- the dopant precursor may be volatilized separately and then delivered to the hot end coating hood. Once vaporized, the dopant precursor gas is mixed with the metal oxide precursor gas, for example, in the hot end coating hood, where the coating 14 is deposited on the containers. Accordingly, the metal oxide is one constituent of the hot end coating 14 , and the dopant is another constituent of the hot end coating 14 .
- the resulting coating 14 may have a generic formula of SnO 2 :D where D is the dopant atom.
- a tin oxide may be provided from a gaseous form of monobutyl tin trichloride or any other suitable compounds, and the dopant may be provided from hydrogen fluoride, tri-fluoro acetic acid (TFA), or any other suitable compounds to provide a fluoride dopant.
- TFA tri-fluoro acetic acid
- antimony trichloride (SbCl 3 ), antimony pentachloride (SbCl 5 ), triphenyl antimony ((C 6 H 5 ) 3 Sb), or any other suitable compounds may be used to provide an antimony dopant.
- a desired electrical resistivity of the coating 14 or exterior surface of the container 10 may be achieved by adjusting the concentration of the dopant and/or by varying the thickness of the coating 14 .
- the dopant concentration and/or coating thickness may be adjusted to achieve electrical resistivities less than or equal to 10 10 Ohm-cm and, preferably, in the range of about 10 4 to 10 10 Ohm-cm and, more preferably, less than or equal to 10 6 Ohm-cm.
- the thickness of the coating 14 should be low enough so as to not alter container aesthetics including high silver reflected color, high iridescence, and/or the like. Example thicknesses range from about ten to forty nm.
- the glass containers then may be annealed in any suitable manner, for example, in an annealing lehr.
- the glass containers may be cold-end coated in any suitable manner.
- the glass containers may be coated with the cold end coating 16 , which may be a protective organic coating applied downstream or at an end of the annealing lehr.
- the cold end coating 16 may include a polyethylene material, like a polyethylene wax or the like, or may include any other suitable cold end coating material.
- the glass containers may be inspected for any suitable characteristics and in any suitable manner.
- the glass containers may be manually or automatically inspected for cracks, inclusions, surface irregularities, hot end and/or cold end coating properties, and/or the like.
- the organic coating 18 is electrostatically applied to exterior surfaces of the glass containers, for example, after inspection. More specifically, the organic coating 18 may be electrostatically applied to the exterior surfaces of the containers, for example, over the hot end coating 14 .
- the organic coating 18 may be applied in any suitable manner by any suitable equipment, for instance, by suspending the containers 10 from a conveyor and holding the neck finishes thereof with a chuck in contact with the doped hot end coating 14 .
- the cold end coating 16 may be entirely or partially removed by flame or plasma treatment.
- the organic coating 18 may be applied to the exterior surfaces of the containers 10 over the cold end coating 16 .
- the cold end coating 16 may be discontinuous and/or may contain surfactants that may render the container exterior surface sufficiently electrically conductive.
- the coating 18 is electrostatically applied to the glass containers without the need for grounding pins, without having to heat the containers to increase surface electrical conductivity, and/or without having to apply one or more separate conductive coating layers.
- the coating 18 may be applied in conditions under 150 degrees Fahrenheit and, preferably, at an ambient temperature.
- ambient temperature may include the temperature of the surrounding container manufacturing environment. Accordingly, the presently disclosed method may enable coating at temperatures cooler than those of conventional processes.
- the glass containers may be cured in any suitable manner.
- the curable organic coating may be a radiation-curable organic coating cured by any suitable type of radiation like, for instance, ultraviolet or electron beam radiation.
- the glass containers may be packaged in any suitable manner.
- the manufacturing process may or may not include all of the disclosed steps or be sequentially processed or processed in the particular sequence discussed, and the presently disclosed manufacturing process and coating methods encompass any sequencing, overlap, or parallel processing of such steps.
- the present disclosure provides an advancement in the art. Conventionally, it has been understood that successful electrostatic coating required heating containers to 150-400 degrees Fahrenheit to increase surface electrical conductivity and/or application of separate conductive coating layers, and use of grounding pins in container handling devices. Contrary to conventional wisdom, it is now possible to produce glass containers with an organic coating electrostatically applied with a high yield (e.g. on the order of about 80% or more) without having to resort to one or more of the aforementioned undesirable process steps. In contrast, the addition of the dopant to the hot end coating of the presently disclosed method provides a simple but elegant solution to a problem in the art of glass container manufacturing that has long been experienced but apparently unappreciated.
Abstract
A glass container and related methods of manufacturing and coating glass containers. The container includes a hot end coating that is deposited on an exterior surface and that includes a metal oxide, and a dopant to reduce electrical resistivity of the exterior surface of the container. The container also includes an organic coating electrostatically applied to the exterior surface of the container. Preferably, the organic coating is applied at an ambient temperature and without having to use grounding pins, without having to heat the container, and without having to apply an additional conductive coating layer.
Description
- The present disclosure is directed to glass containers, coating processes for glass containers including methods and materials for coating glass containers (e.g., glass bottles and jars), and to preparing glass containers for electrostatic coating.
- Various processes have been developed to apply coatings to glass containers for different purposes, including decoration, adhesion and glass strengthening for damage prevention. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,522,075 discloses a process for coating a glass container in which the container is formed, coated with a layer of metal oxide such as tin oxide, cooled through a lehr, and then coated with an organopolysiloxane resin-based material over the metal oxide layer. In another example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,099,486 discloses a process for electrostatically coating a glass container, which is electrically conductive so that a charge differential can be created by grounding the container. The process includes supporting a container in an inverted position on a non-conductive chuck, and contacting a ground pin with a neck finish of the container or longitudinally extending the ground pin into the interior of the container and into contact with an inside bottom of the container to complete a ground path. The process also includes heating the container to the range of 150-400 degrees Fahrenheit to reduce surface resistivity, and increase conductivity, of the container, and then spraying the container with charged particles, which are attracted to the conductive grounded surface of the container.
- A general object of the present disclosure, in accordance with one aspect of the disclosure, is to provide a glass container with an electrically conductive surface, which may allow the container to be electrostatically coated without the need to use grounding pins, to heat containers to increase surface conductivity, and/or to apply an additional conductive coating layer.
- The present disclosure embodies a number of aspects that can be implemented separately from or in combination with each other.
- A glass container in accordance with one aspect of the disclosure is made by the steps of: (a) contacting an exterior surface of the container with a mixed gas including a metal compound and a dopant compound including at least one dopant selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, B, P, and Sb, to form a doped metal oxide coating on said exterior surface of the container to reduce electrical resistivity of said exterior surface of the container; and (b) electrostatically applying an organic coating to said exterior surface of the container after step (a) and being carried out at less than 150 degrees Fahrenheit.
- In accordance with a further aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a glass container that includes a closed base at one axial end of the container, a body extending axially from the closed base and being circumferentially closed, and an open mouth at another axial end of the container opposite of the base. An exterior surface of the container includes an organic coating electrostatically applied over an electrically conductive hot end coating that includes a metal oxide and a dopant selected from the group consisting of: F, Cl, B, P, and Sb.
- In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a glass container made by the steps of forming the container, applying a hot end coating to an exterior surface of the container, wherein the hot end coating includes a metal oxide, and a dopant to reduce electrical resistivity of the exterior surface of the container. The method also includes annealing the container that was coated, applying a cold end coating to the exterior surface of the container, inspecting the container, and electrostatically depositing an organic coating on the container at less than 150 degrees Fahrenheit and without having to use grounding pins, without having to heat the container, and without having to apply an additional conductive coating layer after applying the hot end coating.
- The disclosure, together with additional objects, features, advantages and aspects thereof, will be best understood from the following description, the appended claims and the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a glass container in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; -
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the glass container body before coating; and -
FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the glass container, taken fromcircle 3 ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of aglass container 10 that may be produced in accord with an exemplary embodiment of a manufacturing process presently disclosed hereinbelow. Theglass container 10 includes a longitudinal axis A, abase 10 a at one axial end of thecontainer 10 that is closed in an axial direction, abody 10 b extending in an axial direction from the axially closedbase 10 a, and amouth 10 c at another axial end of thecontainer 10 opposite of thebase 10 a. In the illustrated embodiment, thecontainer 10 also includes aneck 10 d that may extend axially from thebody 10 b, may be generally conical in shape, and may terminate in themouth 10 c. However, thecontainer 10 need not include theneck 10 d and themouth 10 c may terminate thebody 10 b, such as in a glass jar embodiment or the like. - The
body 10 b may be of any suitable shape in cross-section transverse to the axis A as long as thebody 10 b is circumferentially closed. For example, as shown inFIG. 2 , thebody 10 b may be of cylindrical transverse cross-sectional shape that is circumferentially closed. In other embodiments, thebody 10 b may be generally oval, square, rectangular, or of any other suitable transverse cross-sectional shape. -
FIG. 3 illustrates that thecontainer 10 includes aglass substrate 12, ahot end coating 14 applied to an exterior surface ofcontainer 10 on thesubstrate 12, acold end coating 16 applied to the exterior surface ofcontainer 10 over thehot end coating 14, and anorganic coating 18 applied to the exterior surface ofcontainer 10 over thecold end coating 16. - Although the various coatings 14-18 are shown as adjacent layers overlying one another sequentially, one or more of the coatings may penetrate into or even through one or more of the other coatings. Accordingly, the various coatings 14-18 may be fairly described as being applied generally to the
glass container 10, regardless of how or to what extent any given coating contacts any of the other coatings and/or thesubstrate 12. Similarly, when a material is described as being applied to an exterior surface of theglass container 10, the material may be applied to one or more of the coatings 14-18 and/or to theglass substrate 12 itself. - Glass containers can be produced in any suitable manner. This typically would involve a “hot end” including one or more melting furnaces, forming machines, and annealing lehrs, and a “cold end” after the annealing lehr(s) and including inspection equipment and packaging machines. Accordingly, a hot end coating is a coating applied at the hot end of the glass container manufacturing process prior to the annealing lehr, and a cold end coating is a coating applied after the annealing lehr at the cold end of the glass container manufacturing process.
- After forming glass containers with forming machines, but prior to annealing, the glass containers may be hot-end coated in any suitable manner. For example, the glass containers may be coated, for instance, under a hood between the forming machines and an annealing lehr.
- In one embodiment, the exterior surface of the
container 10 is contacted with a mixed gas including a metal compound and a dopant compound including at least one dopant to form a doped metal oxide coating on the exterior surface of the container to produce the hot-end coating 14 and to reduce electrical resistivity of the exterior surface of the container. The hot-end coating 14 includes a metal oxide. For example, the metal oxide may include oxides of tin, titanium, vanadium, zirconium, and/or the like. Also, the hot-end coating 14 includes a dopant. For example, the dopant may include fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), boron (B), phosphorous (P), and/or antimony (Sb). Accordingly, the dopant compound includes at least one dopant selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, B, P, and Sb. - During deposition of the
hot end coating 14, molecular precursors of the dopant may be added into a gas phase of the precursor to the metal oxide, for example, by chemical vapor deposition. Any suitable source of the dopant molecules or precursor and any suitable means to vaporize the dopant precursor may be used. In one embodiment, the dopant precursor may be vaporized in a hot end coating hood depending on vapor pressure of the dopant precursor. In another embodiment, the dopant precursor may be volatilized separately and then delivered to the hot end coating hood. Once vaporized, the dopant precursor gas is mixed with the metal oxide precursor gas, for example, in the hot end coating hood, where thecoating 14 is deposited on the containers. Accordingly, the metal oxide is one constituent of thehot end coating 14, and the dopant is another constituent of thehot end coating 14. - In an exemplary embodiment, the resulting
coating 14 may have a generic formula of SnO2:D where D is the dopant atom. In a particular example, a tin oxide may be provided from a gaseous form of monobutyl tin trichloride or any other suitable compounds, and the dopant may be provided from hydrogen fluoride, tri-fluoro acetic acid (TFA), or any other suitable compounds to provide a fluoride dopant. In another example, antimony trichloride (SbCl3), antimony pentachloride (SbCl5), triphenyl antimony ((C6H5)3Sb), or any other suitable compounds, may be used to provide an antimony dopant. - A desired electrical resistivity of the
coating 14 or exterior surface of thecontainer 10 may be achieved by adjusting the concentration of the dopant and/or by varying the thickness of thecoating 14. For example, the dopant concentration and/or coating thickness may be adjusted to achieve electrical resistivities less than or equal to 1010 Ohm-cm and, preferably, in the range of about 104 to 1010 Ohm-cm and, more preferably, less than or equal to 106 Ohm-cm. In any event, the thickness of thecoating 14 should be low enough so as to not alter container aesthetics including high silver reflected color, high iridescence, and/or the like. Example thicknesses range from about ten to forty nm. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that reducing the electrical resistivity of thecoating 14 has a concomitant effect of increasing electrical conductivity of thecoating 14 and, thus, increasing electrical conductivity of the exterior surface of thecontainer 10. - The glass containers then may be annealed in any suitable manner, for example, in an annealing lehr.
- At or downstream of the annealing operation, the glass containers may be cold-end coated in any suitable manner. For example, the glass containers may be coated with the
cold end coating 16, which may be a protective organic coating applied downstream or at an end of the annealing lehr. Thecold end coating 16 may include a polyethylene material, like a polyethylene wax or the like, or may include any other suitable cold end coating material. - After the cold end coating is applied, the glass containers may be inspected for any suitable characteristics and in any suitable manner. For example, the glass containers may be manually or automatically inspected for cracks, inclusions, surface irregularities, hot end and/or cold end coating properties, and/or the like.
- The
organic coating 18 is electrostatically applied to exterior surfaces of the glass containers, for example, after inspection. More specifically, theorganic coating 18 may be electrostatically applied to the exterior surfaces of the containers, for example, over thehot end coating 14. Theorganic coating 18 may be applied in any suitable manner by any suitable equipment, for instance, by suspending thecontainers 10 from a conveyor and holding the neck finishes thereof with a chuck in contact with the dopedhot end coating 14. In one embodiment, before electrostatically organic coating thecontainers 10, thecold end coating 16 may be entirely or partially removed by flame or plasma treatment. In another embodiment, theorganic coating 18 may be applied to the exterior surfaces of thecontainers 10 over thecold end coating 16. In this embodiment, thecold end coating 16 may be discontinuous and/or may contain surfactants that may render the container exterior surface sufficiently electrically conductive. In any event, thecoating 18 is electrostatically applied to the glass containers without the need for grounding pins, without having to heat the containers to increase surface electrical conductivity, and/or without having to apply one or more separate conductive coating layers. In fact, thecoating 18 may be applied in conditions under 150 degrees Fahrenheit and, preferably, at an ambient temperature. As used herein, the terminology “ambient temperature” may include the temperature of the surrounding container manufacturing environment. Accordingly, the presently disclosed method may enable coating at temperatures cooler than those of conventional processes. - After applying the organic coating, the glass containers may be cured in any suitable manner. For example, the curable organic coating may be a radiation-curable organic coating cured by any suitable type of radiation like, for instance, ultraviolet or electron beam radiation.
- After curing, the glass containers may be packaged in any suitable manner.
- The manufacturing process may or may not include all of the disclosed steps or be sequentially processed or processed in the particular sequence discussed, and the presently disclosed manufacturing process and coating methods encompass any sequencing, overlap, or parallel processing of such steps.
- The present disclosure provides an advancement in the art. Conventionally, it has been understood that successful electrostatic coating required heating containers to 150-400 degrees Fahrenheit to increase surface electrical conductivity and/or application of separate conductive coating layers, and use of grounding pins in container handling devices. Contrary to conventional wisdom, it is now possible to produce glass containers with an organic coating electrostatically applied with a high yield (e.g. on the order of about 80% or more) without having to resort to one or more of the aforementioned undesirable process steps. In contrast, the addition of the dopant to the hot end coating of the presently disclosed method provides a simple but elegant solution to a problem in the art of glass container manufacturing that has long been experienced but apparently unappreciated.
- There thus has been disclosed methods of coating glass containers and methods of manufacturing glass containers that at least partially satisfy one or more of the objects and aims previously set forth. The disclosure has been presented in conjunction with several exemplary embodiments, and additional modifications and variations have been discussed. Other modifications and variations readily will suggest themselves to persons of ordinary skill in the art in view of the foregoing discussion. The disclosure is intended to embrace all such modifications and variations as fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims.
Claims (22)
1. A glass container made by the following method steps:
(a) contacting an exterior surface of the container with a mixed gas including a metal compound and a dopant compound including at least one dopant selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, B, P, and Sb, to form a doped metal oxide coating on said exterior surface of the container to reduce electrical resistivity of said exterior surface of the container; and
(b) electrostatically applying an organic coating to said exterior surface of the container after step (a) and being carried out at less than 150 degrees Fahrenheit.
2. The glass container set forth in claim 1 , wherein said step (a) is carried out by chemical vapor deposition.
3. The glass container set forth in claim 1 , wherein said doped metal oxide coating of said step (a) includes SnO2 and at least one of F or Sb.
4. The glass container set forth in claim 1 , wherein step (b) is carried out such that the container is suspended from a conveyor and a neck finish of the container is held with a chuck in contact with the doped hot end coating.
5. The glass container set forth in claim 1 , and further made by (c) curing said organic coating.
6. The glass container set forth in claim 1 , and further made by applying a cold end coating to the container by prior to said step (b).
7. The glass container set forth in claim 1 , and further made by applying a cold end coating to the container, and inspecting the container prior to said step (b).
8. The glass container set forth in claim 1 , wherein step (b) is carried out without having to use grounding pins, without having to heat the container, and without having to apply an additional conductive coating layer after step (a).
9. The glass container set forth in claim 1 , wherein step (b) is carried out at an ambient temperature.
10. The glass container set forth in claim 6 , wherein said cold end coating is at least partially removed before step (b).
11. The glass container set forth in claim 1 , wherein the coating is ten to forty nm in thickness.
12. The glass container set forth in claim 1 , wherein said exterior surface has electrical resistivity of less than or equal to 1010 Ohm-cm after step (a).
13. The glass container set forth in claim 1 , wherein said exterior surface has electrical resistivity of less than or equal to 106 Ohm-cm after step (a).
14. A glass container that includes:
an axially closed base at an axial end of the container;
a body extending axially from said closed base and being circumferentially closed; and
an axially open mouth at another end of the container opposite of said base;
wherein an exterior surface of the container includes an organic coating electrostatically applied thereto over an electrically conductive hot end coating that includes a metal oxide and a dopant, wherein said dopant is selected from the group consisting of: F, Cl, B, P, and Sb.
15. The glass container set forth in claim 14 wherein said metal oxide is SnO2 and said dopant is at least one of F or Sb.
16. The glass container set forth in claim 14 wherein the container does not include a conductive coating layer separate from and in addition to said hot end coating.
17. A glass container made by the following method steps:
(a) forming the container,
(b) applying a hot end coating to an exterior surface of the container, wherein said hot end coating includes a metal oxide, and a dopant to reduce electrical resistivity of said exterior surface of the container,
(c) annealing the container coated in step (b),
(d) applying a cold end coating to said exterior surface of the container,
(e) inspecting the container, and
(f) electrostatically depositing an organic coating on the container at less than 150 degrees Fahrenheit and without having to use grounding pins, without having to heat the container, and without having to apply an additional conductive coating layer after step (b).
18. The glass container set forth in claim 17 , wherein step (f) is carried out at an ambient temperature.
19. The glass container set forth in claim 17 , wherein said cold end coating is at least partially removed before step (f).
20. The glass container set forth in claim 17 , wherein the coating is ten to forty nm in thickness.
21. The glass container set forth in claim 17 , wherein said exterior surface has a electrical resistivity of less than or equal to 1010 Ohm-cm.
22. The glass container set forth in claim 17 , wherein said exterior surface has a electrical resistivity of less than or equal to 106 Ohm-cm.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/075,103 US20140061148A1 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2013-11-08 | Preparing Glass Containers for Electrostatic Coating |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/074,821 US8609197B1 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2011-03-29 | Preparing glass containers for electrostatic coating |
US14/075,103 US20140061148A1 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2013-11-08 | Preparing Glass Containers for Electrostatic Coating |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US13/074,821 Division US8609197B1 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2011-03-29 | Preparing glass containers for electrostatic coating |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20140061148A1 true US20140061148A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
Family
ID=49725694
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US13/074,821 Expired - Fee Related US8609197B1 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2011-03-29 | Preparing glass containers for electrostatic coating |
US14/075,103 Abandoned US20140061148A1 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2013-11-08 | Preparing Glass Containers for Electrostatic Coating |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US13/074,821 Expired - Fee Related US8609197B1 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2011-03-29 | Preparing glass containers for electrostatic coating |
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US (2) | US8609197B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20190137813A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2019-12-11 | 안헤우저-부시 인베브 에스.에이. | Glass containers comprising inkjet printed images and methods of making the same |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130334089A1 (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2013-12-19 | Michael P. Remington, Jr. | Glass Container Insulative Coating |
CN108350311A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-07-31 | 旭硝子欧洲玻璃公司 | Coated glass plate |
CA3023806A1 (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2017-11-16 | Anheuser-Busch Inbev S.A. | A glass container having an inkjet printed image and a method for the manufacturing thereof |
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US3522075A (en) | 1966-09-09 | 1970-07-28 | Owens Illinois Inc | Process for coating glass with an organopolysiloxane |
DE2450260A1 (en) * | 1974-10-23 | 1976-05-06 | Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen | Electrostatically coating glass articles with synthetic resins - after applying electrically conducting tin dioxide layer having specified conductivity |
US4099486A (en) | 1977-03-28 | 1978-07-11 | Owens-Illinois, Inc. | Electrostatically coating hollow glass articles |
US4500567A (en) * | 1982-12-23 | 1985-02-19 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Method for forming tin oxide coating |
US5124180A (en) | 1991-03-11 | 1992-06-23 | Btu Engineering Corporation | Method for the formation of fluorine doped metal oxide films |
US5453304A (en) * | 1992-03-03 | 1995-09-26 | Alltrista Corp | Method and apparatus for coating glassware |
US5629050A (en) | 1995-08-30 | 1997-05-13 | The Dow Chemical Company | Process for preparing coated articles |
US5698262A (en) | 1996-05-06 | 1997-12-16 | Libbey-Owens-Ford Co. | Method for forming tin oxide coating on glass |
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2011
- 2011-03-29 US US13/074,821 patent/US8609197B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US3876410A (en) * | 1969-12-24 | 1975-04-08 | Ball Brothers Co Inc | Method of applying durable lubricous coatings on glass containers |
US4904526A (en) * | 1988-08-29 | 1990-02-27 | 3M Company | Electrically conductive metal oxide coatings |
US5284684A (en) * | 1992-03-03 | 1994-02-08 | Alltrista Corporation | Method and apparatus for coating glassware |
US5498758A (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1996-03-12 | Alltrista Corporation | Method for the cold end coating of glassware using a vaporizer having an internal flow path from a reservoir of liquid coating material to a vapor deposition chamber |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20190137813A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2019-12-11 | 안헤우저-부시 인베브 에스.에이. | Glass containers comprising inkjet printed images and methods of making the same |
US20230116920A1 (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2023-04-20 | Anheuser-Busch Inbev S.A. | Glass Container Having an Inkjet Printed Image and a Method for the Manufacturing Thereof |
US11660898B2 (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2023-05-30 | Anheuser-Busch Inbev S.A. | Glass container having an inkjet printed image and a method for the manufacturing thereof |
KR102548193B1 (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2023-06-26 | 안헤우저-부시 인베브 에스.에이. | Glass container containing inkjet-printed image and manufacturing method thereof |
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US8609197B1 (en) | 2013-12-17 |
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Legal Events
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: OWENS-BROCKWAY GLASS CONTAINER INC., OHIO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:REMINGTON, MICHAEL P, JR;REEL/FRAME:031584/0460 Effective date: 20110329 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |