US20110182739A1 - Vertical axis turbine hybrid blades - Google Patents

Vertical axis turbine hybrid blades Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110182739A1
US20110182739A1 US13/057,767 US200913057767A US2011182739A1 US 20110182739 A1 US20110182739 A1 US 20110182739A1 US 200913057767 A US200913057767 A US 200913057767A US 2011182739 A1 US2011182739 A1 US 2011182739A1
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Prior art keywords
blade
shape
foil
vertical axis
drag
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US13/057,767
Inventor
Daniel Farb
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to US13/057,767 priority Critical patent/US20110182739A1/en
Publication of US20110182739A1 publication Critical patent/US20110182739A1/en
Assigned to DR. MARK FRIEDMAN LTD. reassignment DR. MARK FRIEDMAN LTD. SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: FARB, DANIEL
Assigned to FARB, DANIEL reassignment FARB, DANIEL RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST Assignors: DR. MARK FRIEDMAN LTD.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/061—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/301—Cross-section characteristics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0402—Cleaning, repairing, or assembling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vertical axis wind turbine, and how to make its blades perform better.
  • Drag and lift blades each have their own benefits and drawbacks; the possibility of combining them for better total performance is presented.
  • Drag blades operate from the push of the wind; lift blades operate like the wing of an aircraft by inducing circulation changes.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of hybrid and tapered blades.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of a hybrid drag and lift design.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of arms to hold the blades.
  • the present invention shows vertical axis turbine blades that deliver solutions to the problem of providing maximal power and maximal quiet at the same time.
  • Vertical axis blades are less powerful when working in a drag configuration (being pushed by the wind) and noisier but more powerful when working in a lift configuration (with an airfoil-type effect).
  • Lift configurations also have more trouble starting. Therefore, this application attempts to bridge the gap between the two types of configuration by presenting several solutions that increase power to a basically drag configuration or decrease the noise of a lift configuration.
  • the environment of the inventions can be any fluid.
  • the term “wind” is often used because it is most common, but the inventions mentioned are adaptable to any fluid, whether gas or liquid.
  • Foils are as generally known in the aircraft industry. If a non-blade foil shape is close enough to a blade to affect its performance, it is functionally adjacent to it. Any reference to such a structure is distinct from foil shapes that may be on the blade.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a group of hybrid lift and drag blades.
  • the device of vertical axis turbine blades or alternatively any blades, being made, at least partially, of an outline foil shape.
  • the bottom of the picture shows an open blade with a shape on the edge, ideally the outer edge, that curves back in the direction of the inner edge.
  • One way to define it is any outline blade that passes beyond the imaginary line of a half structure.
  • any blade with a portion that passes that imaginary line and also turns toward the inner edge is included ( FIG. 2 ).
  • FIG. 1 also illustrates the use of different blade shapes in vertical axis turbines, in one embodiment, of the Savonius variety.
  • the blade itself tapers in shape, either larger or smaller at the periphery or at the center. The reason is that with a superior and inferior foil, or even just an inferior one, a shape that is not vertically linear may take more advantage of higher velocities near the foils.
  • the blade itself may change shape along the vertical distribution by being a regular drag blade in one location and a lift blade in another location as shown. A transitional area may occur. The objective is to take advantage of different velocity patterns in connection with the foils.
  • each of the above is claimed in association with a foil.
  • ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) are different types of lift type blades, ( 1 ) being a complete foil.
  • ( 3 ) illustrates how the geometry of ( 2 ) involves crossing the chord midline part way.
  • ( 4 ) is an example of a drag type of blade.
  • ( 5 ) shows how they can be combined vertically. In this case, the lower and upper parts are drag, and the middle part of the blade is lift. The opposite is also possible.
  • ( 6 ) illustrates a tapering shape. The reason for this is that a turbine with a lower or upper foil produces a distribution of higher velocity air even a little in front of the foil shape ( 8 ), so that a tapered shape that bulges at the middle can contact that area of higher velocity. This bulge shape of blade is claimed for drag and lift varieties, and for association with a foil.
  • ( 7 ) is the shaft.
  • FIG. 2 is an example of a blade design with one side curved over on itself that can combine elements of lift and drag in one blade. It is claimed by itself and in association with an FDD foil.
  • the part ( 9 ) functions exactly as drag.
  • the special point about the angle between the points 10 and 11 is that the inward turning angle directs wind into the center of the blade in drag configuration while functioning to deliver some lift due to the foil like appearance.
  • FIG. 3 The arms holding the blades in a VAWT can be in a streamlined collector shape facing the direction of movement of the turbine, either sharp ( 12 ) or rounded like a cup ( 13 ), so that they can help start the turbine. This combines some drag with lift or adds to the drag.
  • the present invention successfully addresses the shortcomings of the presently known configurations by providing devices for obtaining simultaneous drag and lift effects with a vertical axis turbine.
  • a blade defined as including a blade segment of a vertical axis turbine, comprising:
  • a. at least two regions of different shapes in a vertical distribution along the blade. (Note that this does not refer to a different shape at the very edge, such as a winglet, which is known art. All these descriptions refer to more than minimal changes or purely esthetic curves added to the blade design.
  • the regions of two different shapes as described here include the possibility that there may be an area of gradual transition from one shape to another.
  • the blade further comprises:
  • one region is a predominantly drag shape, and one region is a predominantly lift shape.
  • At least one region is a mixed drag and lift shape.
  • the turbine is in a liquid.
  • the different shape is one of different dimension of the same shape.
  • the blade further comprises:
  • one of the regions is a partial foil shape.
  • the line from the external edge to the endpoint of the partial foil is in the direction of the internal curve of the blade on one side.
  • the line from the external edge on the second side to the endpoint of the partial foil is in the direction of the internal curve of the blade.
  • one of the regions is a full foil.
  • the blade further comprises:
  • a blade defined as including a blade segment
  • the line from the external edge to the endpoint of the partial foil is in the direction of the internal curve of the blade on at least one side.
  • the turbine is in a liquid.
  • the blade further comprises:
  • a blade defined as including a blade segment of a vertical axis turbine, comprising:
  • the blade further comprises:
  • the streamlined arm comes to a point in front.
  • the streamlined arm is rounded in front.
  • the turbine is in a liquid.

Abstract

Blade designs for combining elements of drag and lift for vertical axis turbines are presented. Doing so may combine the best features of both types of turbine.

Description

    FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to a vertical axis wind turbine, and how to make its blades perform better. Drag and lift blades each have their own benefits and drawbacks; the possibility of combining them for better total performance is presented. Drag blades operate from the push of the wind; lift blades operate like the wing of an aircraft by inducing circulation changes.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The invention is herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of hybrid and tapered blades.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of a hybrid drag and lift design.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of arms to hold the blades.
    •  DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • The present invention shows vertical axis turbine blades that deliver solutions to the problem of providing maximal power and maximal quiet at the same time. Vertical axis blades are less powerful when working in a drag configuration (being pushed by the wind) and noisier but more powerful when working in a lift configuration (with an airfoil-type effect). Lift configurations also have more trouble starting. Therefore, this application attempts to bridge the gap between the two types of configuration by presenting several solutions that increase power to a basically drag configuration or decrease the noise of a lift configuration.
  • Definitions: The environment of the inventions can be any fluid. The term “wind” is often used because it is most common, but the inventions mentioned are adaptable to any fluid, whether gas or liquid. Foils are as generally known in the aircraft industry. If a non-blade foil shape is close enough to a blade to affect its performance, it is functionally adjacent to it. Any reference to such a structure is distinct from foil shapes that may be on the blade.
  • The principles and operation of a vertical axis turbine according to the present invention may be better understood with reference to the drawings and the accompanying description.
  • Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a group of hybrid lift and drag blades. We introduce the device of vertical axis turbine blades, or alternatively any blades, being made, at least partially, of an outline foil shape. In FIG. 1, the bottom of the picture shows an open blade with a shape on the edge, ideally the outer edge, that curves back in the direction of the inner edge. One way to define it is any outline blade that passes beyond the imaginary line of a half structure. In another embodiment, any blade with a portion that passes that imaginary line and also turns toward the inner edge is included (FIG. 2).
  • FIG. 1 also illustrates the use of different blade shapes in vertical axis turbines, in one embodiment, of the Savonius variety. In one embodiment, the blade itself tapers in shape, either larger or smaller at the periphery or at the center. The reason is that with a superior and inferior foil, or even just an inferior one, a shape that is not vertically linear may take more advantage of higher velocities near the foils. The blade itself may change shape along the vertical distribution by being a regular drag blade in one location and a lift blade in another location as shown. A transitional area may occur. The objective is to take advantage of different velocity patterns in connection with the foils. In another embodiment, each of the above is claimed in association with a foil.
  • In summary, (1) and (2) are different types of lift type blades, (1) being a complete foil. (3) illustrates how the geometry of (2) involves crossing the chord midline part way. (4) is an example of a drag type of blade. (5) shows how they can be combined vertically. In this case, the lower and upper parts are drag, and the middle part of the blade is lift. The opposite is also possible. (6) illustrates a tapering shape. The reason for this is that a turbine with a lower or upper foil produces a distribution of higher velocity air even a little in front of the foil shape (8), so that a tapered shape that bulges at the middle can contact that area of higher velocity. This bulge shape of blade is claimed for drag and lift varieties, and for association with a foil. For orientation, (7) is the shaft.
  • FIG. 2 is an example of a blade design with one side curved over on itself that can combine elements of lift and drag in one blade. It is claimed by itself and in association with an FDD foil. The part (9) functions exactly as drag. The special point about the angle between the points 10 and 11 is that the inward turning angle directs wind into the center of the blade in drag configuration while functioning to deliver some lift due to the foil like appearance.
  • FIG. 3: The arms holding the blades in a VAWT can be in a streamlined collector shape facing the direction of movement of the turbine, either sharp (12) or rounded like a cup (13), so that they can help start the turbine. This combines some drag with lift or adds to the drag.
  • While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, it will be appreciated that many variations, modifications and other applications of the invention may be made.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention successfully addresses the shortcomings of the presently known configurations by providing devices for obtaining simultaneous drag and lift effects with a vertical axis turbine.
  • It is now disclosed for the first time a blade (defined as including a blade segment) of a vertical axis turbine, comprising:
  • a. at least two regions of different shapes in a vertical distribution along the blade. (Note that this does not refer to a different shape at the very edge, such as a winglet, which is known art. All these descriptions refer to more than minimal changes or purely esthetic curves added to the blade design. The regions of two different shapes as described here include the possibility that there may be an area of gradual transition from one shape to another.)
  • In one embodiment, the blade further comprises:
  • b. a foil shape (not the blade) functionally adjacent to the blade.
  • According to another embodiment, one region is a predominantly drag shape, and one region is a predominantly lift shape.
  • According to another embodiment, at least one region is a mixed drag and lift shape.
  • According to another embodiment, the turbine is in a liquid.
  • According to another embodiment, the different shape is one of different dimension of the same shape.
  • In one embodiment, the blade further comprises:
  • b. a third vertically distinct region of lift or drag.
  • According to another embodiment, one of the regions is a partial foil shape.
  • According to another embodiment, the line from the external edge to the endpoint of the partial foil is in the direction of the internal curve of the blade on one side.
  • According to another embodiment, the line from the external edge on the second side to the endpoint of the partial foil is in the direction of the internal curve of the blade.
  • According to another embodiment, one of the regions is a full foil.
  • In one embodiment, the blade further comprises:
  • b. a foil shape (not the blade) functionally adjacent to the blade.
  • It is now disclosed for the first time a blade (defined as including a blade segment) for a vertical axis turbine, wherein the line from the external edge to the endpoint of the partial foil, is in the direction of the internal curve of the blade on at least one side.
  • According to another embodiment, the turbine is in a liquid.
  • In one embodiment, the blade further comprises:
  • a foil shape (not the blade) functionally adjacent to the blade.
  • It is now disclosed for the first time a blade (defined as including a blade segment) of a vertical axis turbine, comprising:
  • a. shape that bulges peripherally and/or centrally in a vertical distribution.
  • In one embodiment, the blade further comprises:
  • b. a foil shape (not the blade) functionally adjacent to the blade.
  • It is now disclosed for the first time an arm holding a vertical axis turbine blade, comprising:
  • a. a streamlined arm facing the direction of movement of the turbine with a collector shape on the opposite side.
  • According to another embodiment, the streamlined arm comes to a point in front.
  • According to another embodiment, the streamlined arm is rounded in front.
  • According to another embodiment, the turbine is in a liquid.

Claims (16)

1-21. (canceled)
22. A blade, defined as including a blade segment, of a vertical axis turbine, comprising:
a. At least two regions of different shapes in a vertical distribution along the blade.
23. The blade of claim 22, further comprising:
b. A foil shape functionally adjacent, defined as in a position to increase the fluid velocity entering the blade, to the blade.
24. The blade of claim 22, wherein one region is a predominantly drag shape, and one region is a predominantly lift shape.
25. The blade of claim 22, wherein at least one region is a mixed drag and lift shape.
26. The blade of claim 22, wherein the turbine is in a liquid.
27. The blade of claim 22, wherein the different shape is one of different dimension of the same shape.
28. The blade of claim 22, further comprising:
b. At least a third vertically distinct region of lift or drag.
29. The blade of claim 22, wherein one of the regions is a partial foil shape.
30. The blade of claim 29, wherein the line from the external edge to the endpoint of the partial foil is in the direction of the internal curve of the blade on one side.
31. The blade of claim 30, wherein the line from the external edge on the second side to the endpoint of the partial foil is in the direction of the internal curve of the blade.
32. The blade of claim 22, wherein one of the regions is a full foil.
33. A blade, defined as including a blade segment, of a vertical axis turbine, comprising:
a. A. shape that bulges peripherally and/or centrally in a vertical distribution.
34. The blade of claim 33, further comprising:
b. A foil shape (not the blade) functionally adjacent to the blade.
35. An arm holding a vertical axis turbine blade, comprising:
a. A streamlined arm facing the direction of movement of the turbine with a collector shape on the opposite side.
36. The arm of claim 35, wherein the streamlined arm comes to a point in front.
US13/057,767 2008-08-19 2009-08-17 Vertical axis turbine hybrid blades Abandoned US20110182739A1 (en)

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US13/057,767 US20110182739A1 (en) 2008-08-19 2009-08-17 Vertical axis turbine hybrid blades

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US8991408P 2008-08-19 2008-08-19
US13/057,767 US20110182739A1 (en) 2008-08-19 2009-08-17 Vertical axis turbine hybrid blades
PCT/IB2009/053610 WO2010020931A2 (en) 2008-08-19 2009-08-17 Vertical axis turbine hybrid blades

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US20110182739A1 true US20110182739A1 (en) 2011-07-28

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US13/057,768 Active 2033-04-14 US10294918B2 (en) 2008-08-19 2009-08-17 Turbine relationships in pipes
US13/057,767 Abandoned US20110182739A1 (en) 2008-08-19 2009-08-17 Vertical axis turbine hybrid blades

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EP (2) EP2324235A2 (en)
CN (2) CN102112731A (en)
CA (2) CA2734419A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2011105111A (en)
WO (2) WO2010020931A2 (en)

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US20130129495A1 (en) * 2009-05-26 2013-05-23 Leviathan Energy Hydroelectric Ltd. Hydroelectric turbine nozzles and their relationships

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CN102112368A (en) 2011-06-29
CA2734419A1 (en) 2010-02-25
WO2010020932A3 (en) 2010-07-08
EP2323901A2 (en) 2011-05-25
WO2010020932A2 (en) 2010-02-25
WO2010020931A3 (en) 2010-07-01
US20110140434A1 (en) 2011-06-16
EP2324235A2 (en) 2011-05-25
CA2734456A1 (en) 2010-02-25
WO2010020931A2 (en) 2010-02-25
US10294918B2 (en) 2019-05-21
RU2011105111A (en) 2012-09-27
CN102112731A (en) 2011-06-29

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