US20100200200A1 - Heat-transport device, method for manufacturing the same, and electronic device - Google Patents
Heat-transport device, method for manufacturing the same, and electronic device Download PDFInfo
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- US20100200200A1 US20100200200A1 US12/765,694 US76569410A US2010200200A1 US 20100200200 A1 US20100200200 A1 US 20100200200A1 US 76569410 A US76569410 A US 76569410A US 2010200200 A1 US2010200200 A1 US 2010200200A1
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- heat
- wick
- transport device
- line
- working fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
- F28D15/043—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure forming loops, e.g. capillary pumped loops
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/42—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or encapsulations selected or arranged to facilitate heating or cooling
- H01L23/427—Cooling by change of state, e.g. use of heat pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to measures against gas that accumulates in a line or the like in a heat-transport device or a heat-transport mechanism included in an electronic device such as a computing or an imaging device.
- CPLs capillary pumped loops
- a conventional device has problems as described below.
- a silicon substrate and a Pyrex (registered trademark) glass substrate which includes a line pattern formed by etching are bonded by anodic bonded, wherein the silicon substrate includes a wick in an evaporator, a condenser, and grooves for lines formed by dry etching.
- Water as working fluid is then injected into the composite and vacuum-sealed to complete a CPLs device.
- operation of the device in accordance with the operating principle of the CPLs causes the areas of the silicon substrate where the wick, the lines and the condenser are formed to discolor, and gas is generated, whereby saturation vapor pressure increases. This gas may interfere with heat transport in the device to impair the performance of the device and thus may damage the device.
- a method which is used for a heat pipe cannot be applied to a small device which is fabricated using MEMS technology because of, for example, the constraint of the size.
- the surface of at least one of the wick or the line is subjected to coating treatment, whereby gas generation is blocked or decreased.
- This treatment can prevent problems (performance degradation or the like) caused by the gas.
- At least one of the wick or the line is subjected to surface treatment by nitriding, oxidation, or carbonization, whereby the generation of gas is suppressed.
- At least one of the composite components has sufficient binding force and stable bonding.
- anodic bonding is not employed, and thus the generation of gas, particularly hydrogen, is blocked.
- the bonding of components or substrates where the base material is silicon or glass (heat-resistant glass or the like) decreases the effects caused by the gas.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a basic configuration of a heat-transport device according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing another example of a basic configuration of a heat-transport device according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for describing a method for treating a surface after anodic bonding
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for describing another example of a method for treating a surface after anodic bonding
- FIG. 5 is a process chart of a method for treating a surface before anodic bonding
- FIG. 6 is a process chart of a method in which surface polishing and reprocessing are skipped.
- FIG. 7 is a process chart showing a method with a bonding sheet.
- the present invention relates to a heat-transport device and an electronic device including a main body a plurality of bonded substrates.
- Each of the substrates includes a wick, which generates capillary action to reflux working fluid, and a line in which working fluid flows.
- the present invention for example, is suitable for a heat dissipating or a cooling system having a heat-transport mechanism based on phase change and circulation of the working fluid.
- a heat dissipating or cooling structure for various devices (for example, a CPU, an imaging device, a light-emitting device, a driving motor used in a small hard disk or an optical-media drive, or an actuator under thermally severe conditions) that are heat sources can achieve reduction in volume and thickness, and high efficiency.
- a method for manufacturing the heat-transport device according to the present invention includes a step of coating the wick and the inner faces of the lines by ion implantation or the like for preventing gas generation.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic views showing basic structures of heat-transport devices.
- the term “heat-transport device” includes a device (a main body) for transferring heat from a heat source by working fluid and, in a broad sense, represents an overall system including, for example, a heat source, a cooler, a radiator, or a temperature controller.
- a heat-transport device 1 is provided with an evaporator 2 where a liquid working fluid evaporates and a condenser 3 where a gaseous working fluid condenses.
- the device preferably has a CPLs structure provided with the evaporator 2 which absorbs heat from a heat producing area shown by the dotted lines and the condenser 3 which condenses the gaseous working fluid into a liquid phase.
- the evaporator 2 and condenser 3 each include a structure (wick) which generates capillary action to reflux the working fluid.
- the wick is composed of grooves, a screen, or a sintered metal. In this embodiment, a groove wick structure is used.
- FIG. 1 shows, for convenience in describing, one evaporator 2 and one condenser 3
- the present invention is not limited to a one-to-one correspondence between the evaporator 2 and condenser 3 ; hence, this embodiment may include a variety of structures which include a plurality of evaporators to one condenser or a plurality of condensers to one evaporator.
- the heat-transport device 1 is provided with lines that connect the evaporator 2 to the condenser 3 .
- the lines include a liquid line 4 where a liquid-phase working fluid flows and a vapor line 5 where a vapor-phase working fluid flows.
- the liquid-phase line 4 or the vapor-phase line 5 may be a tube, a pipe, a groove, or a channel.
- FIG. 1 shows the simplest structure including one liquid line and one vapor line, a plurality of lines may also be used.
- a heat-transport device 6 shown in FIG. 2 has a loop structure where a liquid-phase working fluid circulates, being provided with a wick 7 and a loop line 8 .
- a structure having a transfer pump interconnected on the loop line 8 is known.
- the working fluids used in structures shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are, for example, water, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, propyl alcohol (including isomers), ethyl ether, ethylene glycol, Fluorinert (registered trademark), and ammonia.
- any structure having a main body including a plurality of substrates bonded together grooves constituting lines and microscopic asperities constituting the wick are formed in any one of the substrates.
- operation of a heat-transport device may cause the area of the silicon substrate where the wick in the evaporator and the lines are formed to discolor, and trace gas is generated.
- the oxidized areas on the silicon substrate were analyzed with an analyzer (energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX)).
- EDX energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction
- the results showed that an oxide film (silicon dioxide) was formed.
- the thickness of this oxide film is larger than the thickness of a natural oxide film.
- the gas generated after the operation of the device heat-transport device
- the gas collected by a substitution method in water was analyzed by mass spectrometry.
- the results showed that the gas was hydrogen. That is to say, it is assumed that an alkaline component such as sodium (Na) migrated from the glass substrate reacts with water to generate hydrogen, and the silicon is oxidized with oxygen.
- the surface of the wick and the lines are subjected to coating treatment such as nitriding, oxidation, or carbonization to prevent the generation of gas, in particular hydrogen.
- coating treatment such as nitriding, oxidation, or carbonization to prevent the generation of gas, in particular hydrogen.
- nitriding, (2) oxidation, or (3) carbonization is preferably employed in that order.
- the present invention is, however, not limited to these treatments, and thus various surface treatments may be used.
- the substrates constituting the main body of a device are bonded together by anodic bonding, heat seal or the like.
- the wick and the condenser having a depth of about 200 ⁇ m are formed in the silicon substrate by dry etching (deep reactive ion etching (DRIE)), wherein the wick is composed of grooves each having a width of 30 ⁇ m and a depth of about 100 ⁇ m.
- DRIE deep reactive ion etching
- a line pattern having a width of 50 ⁇ m and a depth of 200 ⁇ m is formed in the heat-resistant glass substrate by sandblasting.
- the surface of the wick or the line is subjected to coating treatment (surface treatment such as nitriding, oxidation, or carbonization); and
- the composite components are bonded by any means other than the anodic bonding, for example, heat seal.
- the measure (I) may be any one of the submeasures described below:
- the submeasure (I-1) is described referring to FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- FIG. 3 illustrates a composite component before and after surface treatment shown on the left and right, respectively.
- a composite component 9 has a two-layer structure composed of substrates 9 A and 9 B.
- the substrate 9 A is a silicon substrate including an evaporator 10 , a condenser 11 , and lines 12 and 12 which are composed of grooves or asperities as shown schematically on the lower left.
- the substrate 9 B is a glass substrate including grooves for lines (not shown).
- two inlets 13 and 13 for injecting working fluid are formed, wherein the inlets are connected to pipes 14 which are connected to a device 15 for oxidizing the surface.
- the device 15 includes, for example, a steam generator, a device having a circulating structure, and a device for circulating an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution. Oxidation is performed with these devices (for example, oxidation with a high-temperature and high-pressure steam or an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution.).
- a unit 16 including a water bath and a heating device may be used.
- steam is fed into the composite component via the inlets for working fluid, and is circulated in the wick and the lines.
- the composite component 9 where the inlets 13 and 13 remain open is placed on a mesh (screen) 18 .
- a water bath 19 is heated by a heating device 20 such as heater to generate steam with a temperature of 400° C. or more. Oxidation annealing is achieved by the same effect as that shown in FIG. 3 .
- the unit 16 has a relatively simple structure.
- the submeasure (I-2) is described referring to FIGS. 5 and 6 .
- a method for the coating treatment of the surfaces of the glass substrate and the silicon substrate before the bonding of these substrates by anodic bonding decreases the generation of gas more than a method for the coating treatment after the bonding (because of the decrease in the migration of sodium from the glass substrate.).
- FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a method for the coating treatment such as oxidation, nitriding, or carbonization to an area forming, for example, the wick and the lines.
- Two substrates are processed by the following steps:
- step (1) grooves or asperities are formed on a substrate 21 A by dry etching.
- step (2) for example, the walls of the wick and the inner face of the lines are subjected to surface treatment by ion implantation, thermal oxidation, or steam oxidation.
- the surface treatment may be applied to the entire surface or selected areas of the surface through a mask.
- step (3) the surface is polished by dry etching, plasma treatment, or the like.
- step (4) a further surface treatment is performed with a mask 22 (the polished surface is covered.). For example, an area other than the areas of the wick and the lines and the like is masked by the mask 22 and then subjected to surface treatment by ion implantation. Coating treatment is selectively performed to only a desired area.
- Ion implanters for semiconductors and plasma-based ion implantation can be use.
- Isotropic ion implantation based on plasma can be used in the surface modification of components of complex shape, inexpensively and with high productivity.
- surface treatment is preferably performed at an implantation energy between 10 and 200 KeV (kiloelectron volt).
- Ions for ion implantation are preferably gas ions such as oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon (methane).
- step (5) after a glass substrate 21 B (heat-resistant glass) is masked to protect the bonding face, a thin film of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) or the like is formed by vapor deposition.
- SiO 2 silicon dioxide
- step (6) the glass substrate 21 B treated in step (5) and the silicon substrate 21 A are bonded by anodic bonding.
- the entire surface of the silicon substrate 21 A is subjected to surface treatment in the first surface treatment; hence, a further surface treatment is performed after surface polishing so as not to interfere with the following anodic bonding.
- a further surface treatment is performed after surface polishing so as not to interfere with the following anodic bonding.
- only the required area of the silicon substrate 21 A may be subjected to surface treatment using the mask, steps (3) and (4) are skipped to go to step (5), and then the silicon substrate 21 A and the glass substrate 21 B may be bonded in step (6).
- substrates are processed by the following steps:
- a sheet 25 by bonding a polyimide sheet 23 such as a Kapton (registered trademark) sheet with a thickness of 0.125 mm, manufactured by DuPont and a thermoplastic olefin sheet 24 by thermocompression;
- a polyimide sheet 23 such as a Kapton (registered trademark) sheet with a thickness of 0.125 mm, manufactured by DuPont and a thermoplastic olefin sheet 24 by thermocompression
- Implanting ions such as oxygen, nitrogen, or carbon ions (pulsed implantation is performed at an energy of 20 KeV or less);
- This embodiment requires making the mask sheet 26 , in steps (1) and (2), but requires a single surface treatment only.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a plan view of a substrate and cross sectional view taken along the dashed line in each of steps (3), (4), (6), and (7).
- the measure (II), which does not include the anodic bonding step, is described referring to FIG. 7 .
- the process is described below:
- thermoplastic polyimide sheet with UV:YAG laser (3) A step of processing (stamping) a thermoplastic polyimide sheet with UV:YAG laser;
- a step of thermally fusing with the bonding sheet 29 by vacuum press for example, object is pressed with 3.92 ⁇ 10 6 Pa (40 Kg/cm 2 ) at vacuum pressure of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa and a temperature of about 330° C. for 10 minutes to complete bonding).
- the glass component 28 B requires that the coefficient of linear expansion has substantially the same as silicon or close to silicon.
- boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ) monocomponent-based glass or HCD-1 registered trademark, manufactured by OHARA INC.
- HCD-1 registered trademark, manufactured by OHARA INC.
- Non-alkaline glass is preferably used.
- the bonding sheet is, for example, a thermally fusing polyimide film Upilex-VT (registered trademark, manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.).
Abstract
A heat-transport device, which is suitable for reduction in volume and thickness, includes a wick that generates capillary action to reflux working fluid and a line in which a liquid- or vapor-phase working fluid flows, wherein the surface of at least one of the wick and the line are subjected to coating treatment by ion implantation, thermal oxidation, or steam oxidation to prevent the generation of gas, particularly hydrogen.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to measures against gas that accumulates in a line or the like in a heat-transport device or a heat-transport mechanism included in an electronic device such as a computing or an imaging device.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- In a heat-pipe device for dissipating heat or cooling, surface oxidation is known as a measure in order to reduce gas such as oxygen or hydrogen that accumulates in a condenser. For example, referring to Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication Nos. 9-273882 (FIGS. 1 and 2) and 11-304381 (FIGS. 2 and 3).
- In recent years, by developing of technology for an electronic device and a micromachine, a compact device can be manufactured; hence, technology for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) has been receiving attention and been studied for applying a heat-transport device. As a background to this study, a system that is suitable for cooling a heat source in a small and a high-performance electronic device is required. And there is also the necessity for efficiently dissipating heat generated in a device such as a central processing unit (CPU) which has significantly improved processing-speed.
- In a capillary pumped loops (CPLs) structure, for example, a cycle involving the evaporation of a refrigerant at an evaporator to absorb heat of an object and the condensation of the evaporated refrigerant at a condenser is repeated. For example, referring to Jeffrey Kirshberg, Dorian Liepmann, Kirk L. Yerkes, “Micro-Cooler for Chip-Level Temperature Control”, Aerospace Power Systems Conference Proceedings, (USA), Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., April (1999), P-341, pp. 233-238.
- A conventional device, however, has problems as described below. For example, a silicon substrate and a Pyrex (registered trademark) glass substrate which includes a line pattern formed by etching are bonded by anodic bonded, wherein the silicon substrate includes a wick in an evaporator, a condenser, and grooves for lines formed by dry etching. Water as working fluid is then injected into the composite and vacuum-sealed to complete a CPLs device. After the evaporator is attached to a heat source, operation of the device in accordance with the operating principle of the CPLs causes the areas of the silicon substrate where the wick, the lines and the condenser are formed to discolor, and gas is generated, whereby saturation vapor pressure increases. This gas may interfere with heat transport in the device to impair the performance of the device and thus may damage the device.
- The problem is that there is no an effective method for decreasing the generation of gas. A method which is used for a heat pipe cannot be applied to a small device which is fabricated using MEMS technology because of, for example, the constraint of the size.
- Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to prevent gas generation in a heat-transport mechanism such as a heat-transport device or an electronic device that is suitable for reduction in volume or thickness.
- According to a first, a sixth, and a tenth aspects of the invention, the surface of at least one of the wick or the line is subjected to coating treatment, whereby gas generation is blocked or decreased. This treatment can prevent problems (performance degradation or the like) caused by the gas.
- According to a second and a seventh aspect of the invention, at least one of the wick or the line is subjected to surface treatment by nitriding, oxidation, or carbonization, whereby the generation of gas is suppressed.
- According to a third and an eighth aspects of the invention, at least one of the composite components has sufficient binding force and stable bonding.
- According to a fourth and a ninth aspects of the invention, anodic bonding is not employed, and thus the generation of gas, particularly hydrogen, is blocked.
- According to a fifth aspect of the invention, the bonding of components or substrates where the base material is silicon or glass (heat-resistant glass or the like) decreases the effects caused by the gas.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a basic configuration of a heat-transport device according to an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing another example of a basic configuration of a heat-transport device according to an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 3 is a diagram for describing a method for treating a surface after anodic bonding; -
FIG. 4 is a diagram for describing another example of a method for treating a surface after anodic bonding; -
FIG. 5 is a process chart of a method for treating a surface before anodic bonding; -
FIG. 6 is a process chart of a method in which surface polishing and reprocessing are skipped; and -
FIG. 7 is a process chart showing a method with a bonding sheet. - The present invention relates to a heat-transport device and an electronic device including a main body a plurality of bonded substrates. Each of the substrates includes a wick, which generates capillary action to reflux working fluid, and a line in which working fluid flows. The present invention, for example, is suitable for a heat dissipating or a cooling system having a heat-transport mechanism based on phase change and circulation of the working fluid. In the application to an information processor such as a computer or a portable device, the use of a heat dissipating or cooling structure according to the present invention for various devices (for example, a CPU, an imaging device, a light-emitting device, a driving motor used in a small hard disk or an optical-media drive, or an actuator under thermally severe conditions) that are heat sources can achieve reduction in volume and thickness, and high efficiency.
- A method for manufacturing the heat-transport device according to the present invention includes a step of coating the wick and the inner faces of the lines by ion implantation or the like for preventing gas generation.
-
FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic views showing basic structures of heat-transport devices. The term “heat-transport device” includes a device (a main body) for transferring heat from a heat source by working fluid and, in a broad sense, represents an overall system including, for example, a heat source, a cooler, a radiator, or a temperature controller. - In an embodiment shown in
FIG. 1 , a heat-transport device 1 is provided with anevaporator 2 where a liquid working fluid evaporates and acondenser 3 where a gaseous working fluid condenses. In order to achieve large heat transport capacity, the device preferably has a CPLs structure provided with theevaporator 2 which absorbs heat from a heat producing area shown by the dotted lines and thecondenser 3 which condenses the gaseous working fluid into a liquid phase. - The
evaporator 2 andcondenser 3 each include a structure (wick) which generates capillary action to reflux the working fluid. The wick is composed of grooves, a screen, or a sintered metal. In this embodiment, a groove wick structure is used. AlthoughFIG. 1 shows, for convenience in describing, oneevaporator 2 and onecondenser 3, the present invention is not limited to a one-to-one correspondence between theevaporator 2 andcondenser 3; hence, this embodiment may include a variety of structures which include a plurality of evaporators to one condenser or a plurality of condensers to one evaporator. - The heat-
transport device 1 is provided with lines that connect theevaporator 2 to thecondenser 3. The lines include aliquid line 4 where a liquid-phase working fluid flows and avapor line 5 where a vapor-phase working fluid flows. The liquid-phase line 4 or the vapor-phase line 5 may be a tube, a pipe, a groove, or a channel. AlthoughFIG. 1 shows the simplest structure including one liquid line and one vapor line, a plurality of lines may also be used. - A heat-
transport device 6 shown inFIG. 2 has a loop structure where a liquid-phase working fluid circulates, being provided with awick 7 and aloop line 8. For example, a structure having a transfer pump interconnected on theloop line 8 is known. - The working fluids used in structures shown in
FIGS. 1 and 2 are, for example, water, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, propyl alcohol (including isomers), ethyl ether, ethylene glycol, Fluorinert (registered trademark), and ammonia. - In any structure having a main body including a plurality of substrates bonded together, grooves constituting lines and microscopic asperities constituting the wick are formed in any one of the substrates.
- For example, in a structure where a silicon substrate and a glass (heat resistant glass) substrate are bonded, as described above, operation of a heat-transport device, using water as working fluid, may cause the area of the silicon substrate where the wick in the evaporator and the lines are formed to discolor, and trace gas is generated.
- For the oxidation of a silicon substrate, the oxidized areas on the silicon substrate were analyzed with an analyzer (energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX)). The results showed that an oxide film (silicon dioxide) was formed. The thickness of this oxide film is larger than the thickness of a natural oxide film. For the gas generated after the operation of the device (heat-transport device), the gas collected by a substitution method in water was analyzed by mass spectrometry. The results showed that the gas was hydrogen. That is to say, it is assumed that an alkaline component such as sodium (Na) migrated from the glass substrate reacts with water to generate hydrogen, and the silicon is oxidized with oxygen.
- In the present invention, the surface of the wick and the lines are subjected to coating treatment such as nitriding, oxidation, or carbonization to prevent the generation of gas, in particular hydrogen. In view of surface tension, (1) nitriding, (2) oxidation, or (3) carbonization is preferably employed in that order. The present invention is, however, not limited to these treatments, and thus various surface treatments may be used.
- The substrates constituting the main body of a device are bonded together by anodic bonding, heat seal or the like.
- For example, the wick and the condenser having a depth of about 200 μm are formed in the silicon substrate by dry etching (deep reactive ion etching (DRIE)), wherein the wick is composed of grooves each having a width of 30 μm and a depth of about 100 μm. A line pattern having a width of 50 μm and a depth of 200 μm is formed in the heat-resistant glass substrate by sandblasting.
- These two substrates are bonded together by anodic bonding in common use for micromachine technology. The (mirror) surfaces of these substrates face each other. The glass substrate is grounded and −500 V is applied to the silicon substrate. These substrates are heated at a predetermined temperature (400° C. to 450° C.) for a few minutes, and then the migration of sodium ions from Pyrex (registered trademark) glass completes the bonding. (A problem is that the sodium ions react with water to generate hydrogen.)
- In a method for manufacturing a heat-transport device, examples of measures to prevent the generation of gas are described below:
- (I) In case of anodically bonding the composite components, the surface of the wick or the line is subjected to coating treatment (surface treatment such as nitriding, oxidation, or carbonization); and
- (II) The composite components are bonded by any means other than the anodic bonding, for example, heat seal.
- The measure (I) may be any one of the submeasures described below:
- (I-1) The surface of the wick or the line is subjected to coating treatment after the composite components are bonded by anodic bonding; and
- (I-2) The surface of the wick or the line is subjected to coating treatment before the composite components are bonded by anodic bonding.
- The submeasure (I-1) is described referring to
FIGS. 3 and 4 . -
FIG. 3 illustrates a composite component before and after surface treatment shown on the left and right, respectively. - In this measure, a
composite component 9 has a two-layer structure composed ofsubstrates substrate 9A is a silicon substrate including anevaporator 10, acondenser 11, andlines substrate 9B is a glass substrate including grooves for lines (not shown). - In the steps after the bonding of the
substrates inlets pipes 14 which are connected to adevice 15 for oxidizing the surface. - The
device 15 includes, for example, a steam generator, a device having a circulating structure, and a device for circulating an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution. Oxidation is performed with these devices (for example, oxidation with a high-temperature and high-pressure steam or an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution.). - For example, steam with a pressure of 10 atm or more and a temperature of 400° C. or more is fed through one of the
pipes 14 into the lines and the wick from thedevice 15; then, the steam is drawn through theother pipe 14 into thedevice 15. Consequently, the steam is circulated to oxidize the surface of, for example, the lines. The area of thesubstrate 9B facing the wick and the lines is thereby subjected to oxidation annealing. After thecomposite component 9 is charged with a working fluid via theinlets - As shown in
FIG. 4 , in regard to oxidation by annealing using steam, aunit 16 including a water bath and a heating device may be used. In this embodiment (not using the pipes), steam is fed into the composite component via the inlets for working fluid, and is circulated in the wick and the lines. - The
composite component 9 where theinlets water bath 19 is heated by aheating device 20 such as heater to generate steam with a temperature of 400° C. or more. Oxidation annealing is achieved by the same effect as that shown inFIG. 3 . In this embodiment, theunit 16 has a relatively simple structure. - The submeasure (I-2) is described referring to
FIGS. 5 and 6 . A method for the coating treatment of the surfaces of the glass substrate and the silicon substrate before the bonding of these substrates by anodic bonding decreases the generation of gas more than a method for the coating treatment after the bonding (because of the decrease in the migration of sodium from the glass substrate.). -
FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a method for the coating treatment such as oxidation, nitriding, or carbonization to an area forming, for example, the wick and the lines. Two substrates are processed by the following steps: - (1) Dry etching of a silicon substrate;
- (2) Surface treatment;
- (3) Surface polishing;
- (4) Surface treatment;
- (5) Surface treatment of a glass substrate; and
- (6) Anodic bonding.
- In step (1), grooves or asperities are formed on a
substrate 21A by dry etching. - In step (2), for example, the walls of the wick and the inner face of the lines are subjected to surface treatment by ion implantation, thermal oxidation, or steam oxidation. The surface treatment may be applied to the entire surface or selected areas of the surface through a mask.
- In step (3), the surface is polished by dry etching, plasma treatment, or the like. In step (4), a further surface treatment is performed with a mask 22 (the polished surface is covered.). For example, an area other than the areas of the wick and the lines and the like is masked by the
mask 22 and then subjected to surface treatment by ion implantation. Coating treatment is selectively performed to only a desired area. - Ion implanters for semiconductors and plasma-based ion implantation (PBI) can be use. (Isotropic ion implantation based on plasma can be used in the surface modification of components of complex shape, inexpensively and with high productivity.) Since the amount of ions implanted in the surface is important, surface treatment is preferably performed at an implantation energy between 10 and 200 KeV (kiloelectron volt). Ions for ion implantation are preferably gas ions such as oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon (methane).
- In step (5), after a
glass substrate 21B (heat-resistant glass) is masked to protect the bonding face, a thin film of silicon dioxide (SiO2) or the like is formed by vapor deposition. - In step (6), the
glass substrate 21B treated in step (5) and thesilicon substrate 21A are bonded by anodic bonding. - In thermal oxidation, the entire surface of the
silicon substrate 21A is subjected to surface treatment in the first surface treatment; hence, a further surface treatment is performed after surface polishing so as not to interfere with the following anodic bonding. Alternatively, only the required area of thesilicon substrate 21A may be subjected to surface treatment using the mask, steps (3) and (4) are skipped to go to step (5), and then thesilicon substrate 21A and theglass substrate 21B may be bonded in step (6). - For example, in
FIG. 6 , in order to eliminate the steps of surface polishing and re-treatment, substrates are processed by the following steps: - (1) Forming a
sheet 25 by bonding apolyimide sheet 23 such as a Kapton (registered trademark) sheet with a thickness of 0.125 mm, manufactured by DuPont and athermoplastic olefin sheet 24 by thermocompression; - (2) Forming a
mask sheet 26 for protecting a bonding face by stamping thesheet 25, which is made in step (1), using an ultraviolet yttrium aluminum garnet (UV:YAG) laser; - (3) Forming, for example, grooves on the
silicon substrate 27A by dry etching; - (4) Temporary crimping the
mask sheet 26, which is made in step (2), with thesilicon substrate 27A, which is processed in step (3), at room temperature; - (5) Implanting ions such as oxygen, nitrogen, or carbon ions (pulsed implantation is performed at an energy of 20 KeV or less);
- (6) Completely eliminating residues by plasma ashing after peeling off the
mask sheet 26 in an organic solvent such as acetone, isopropyl alcohol, or ethyl alcohol; and - (7) Bonding a
glass substrate 27B with thesilicon substrate 27A by anodic bonding. - This embodiment requires making the
mask sheet 26, in steps (1) and (2), but requires a single surface treatment only. -
FIG. 6 illustrates a plan view of a substrate and cross sectional view taken along the dashed line in each of steps (3), (4), (6), and (7). - The measure (II), which does not include the anodic bonding step, is described referring to
FIG. 7 . The process is described below: - (1) A step of forming grooves in a
silicon substrate 28A by dry etching; - (2) A step of surface treatment (ion implantation, thermal oxidation, or steam oxidation);
- (3) A step of processing (stamping) a thermoplastic polyimide sheet with UV:YAG laser;
- (4) A step of aligning a
bonding sheet 29 with the grooves formed by dry etching in thesilicon substrate 28A; - (5) A step of placing a
glass component 28B on thesilicon substrate 28A with abonding sheet 29; and - (6) A step of thermally fusing with the
bonding sheet 29 by vacuum press (for example, object is pressed with 3.92×106 Pa (40 Kg/cm2) at vacuum pressure of 1×10−3 Pa and a temperature of about 330° C. for 10 minutes to complete bonding). - The
glass component 28B requires that the coefficient of linear expansion has substantially the same as silicon or close to silicon. For example, boron oxide (B2O3) monocomponent-based glass or HCD-1 (registered trademark, manufactured by OHARA INC.) has the coefficient of linear expansion of between about 3×10−6 and 4×10−6. Non-alkaline glass is preferably used. - The bonding sheet is, for example, a thermally fusing polyimide film Upilex-VT (registered trademark, manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.).
Claims (10)
1. A heat-transport device comprising:
a plurality of composite components, each comprising a wick that generates capillary action to reflux working fluid and a line in which a liquid- or vapor-phase working fluid flows, the plurality of composite components being bonded, the surface of at least one of the wick and the line being subjected to coating treatment for preventing gas generation.
2. A heat-transport device according to claim 1 , wherein the surface of at least one of the wick and the line is subjected to surface treatment by nitriding, oxidation, or carbonization.
3. A heat-transport device according to claim 1 , wherein the pluralities of composite components are bonded by anodic bonding.
4. A heat-transport device according to claim 1 , wherein the pluralities of composite components are bonded with a thermoplastic bonding sheet by thermal fusing.
5. A heat-transport device according to claim 1 , wherein silicon and the glass constituting the pluralities of composite components are bonded to each other.
6. A method for manufacturing a heat-transport device that includes a plurality of composite components, each comprising a wick that generates capillary action to reflux working fluid and a line in which a liquid- or vapor-phase working fluid flows, the plurality of composite components being bonded, the method comprising:
subjecting the surface of at least one of the wick and the line to coating treatment for preventing gas generation.
7. A method for manufacturing a heat-transport device according to claim 6 , wherein the surface of at least one of the wick and the line is subjected to surface treatment by nitriding, oxidation, or carbonization.
8. A method for manufacturing a heat-transport device according to claim 6 , wherein the pluralities of composite components are bonded by anodic bonding.
9. A method for manufacturing a heat-transport device according to claim 6 , wherein the pluralities of composite components are bonded with a thermoplastic bonding sheet by thermal fusing.
10. An electronic device comprising a heat source having a heat-transport mechanism that includes a plurality of composite components, each comprising a wick that generates capillary action to reflux working fluid and a line in which a liquid- or vapor-phase working fluid flows, the plurality of composite components being bonded,
wherein the surface of at least one of the wick and the line is subjected to coating treatment for preventing gas generation.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/765,694 US20100200200A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2010-04-22 | Heat-transport device, method for manufacturing the same, and electronic device |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002-361020 | 2002-12-12 | ||
JP2002361020A JP2004190977A (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2002-12-12 | Heat transport device, manufacturing method of the same, and electronic device |
US10/728,916 US20050092466A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2003-12-08 | Heat-transport device, method for manufacturing the same, and electronic device |
US12/765,694 US20100200200A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2010-04-22 | Heat-transport device, method for manufacturing the same, and electronic device |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/728,916 Continuation US20050092466A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2003-12-08 | Heat-transport device, method for manufacturing the same, and electronic device |
Publications (1)
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US20100200200A1 true US20100200200A1 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
Family
ID=32759917
Family Applications (2)
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US10/728,916 Abandoned US20050092466A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2003-12-08 | Heat-transport device, method for manufacturing the same, and electronic device |
US12/765,694 Abandoned US20100200200A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2010-04-22 | Heat-transport device, method for manufacturing the same, and electronic device |
Family Applications Before (1)
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US10/728,916 Abandoned US20050092466A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2003-12-08 | Heat-transport device, method for manufacturing the same, and electronic device |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US20050092466A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004190977A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20040051552A (en) |
CN (1) | CN100466240C (en) |
Cited By (1)
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US10433461B2 (en) | 2017-10-30 | 2019-10-01 | Google Llc | High-performance electronics cooling system |
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US6976527B2 (en) * | 2001-07-17 | 2005-12-20 | The Regents Of The University Of California | MEMS microcapillary pumped loop for chip-level temperature control |
CN100386588C (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2008-05-07 | 南京理工大学 | Composite capillary core of capillary pump loop in two phases, and preparation method |
TWI429848B (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2014-03-11 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Even-heat distribution structure and heat-dissipation module incorporating the structure |
WO2014038266A1 (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2014-03-13 | 日本電気株式会社 | Pipe connection structure, and electronic equipent and optical equipment each having pipe connection structure |
JP2015018993A (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-29 | 富士通株式会社 | Electronic device |
CN103442541A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-12-11 | 江苏大学 | Micro cooling device of silicon-substrate capillary pump loop |
CN104406440A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-03-11 | 江苏大学 | Silicon-based miniature loop heat pipe cooler |
CN109520345B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-09-25 | 大连理工大学 | Bonding process of sandwich structure silica glass micro heat pipe |
US20220128311A1 (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2022-04-28 | Asia Vital Components Co., Ltd | Vapor-phase/liquid-phase fluid heat exchange uni |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1507038A (en) | 2004-06-23 |
US20050092466A1 (en) | 2005-05-05 |
KR20040051552A (en) | 2004-06-18 |
CN100466240C (en) | 2009-03-04 |
JP2004190977A (en) | 2004-07-08 |
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