US20090306601A1 - Fluid Flow Control Device with Retractable Cannula - Google Patents
Fluid Flow Control Device with Retractable Cannula Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090306601A1 US20090306601A1 US12/136,462 US13646208A US2009306601A1 US 20090306601 A1 US20090306601 A1 US 20090306601A1 US 13646208 A US13646208 A US 13646208A US 2009306601 A1 US2009306601 A1 US 2009306601A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- actuator
- cannula
- housing
- fluid flow
- flow path
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/178—Syringes
- A61M5/31—Details
- A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
- A61M5/3205—Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
- A61M5/321—Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
- A61M5/322—Retractable needles, i.e. disconnected from and withdrawn into the syringe barrel by the piston
- A61M5/3232—Semi-automatic needle retraction, i.e. in which triggering of the needle retraction requires a deliberate action by the user, e.g. manual release of spring-biased retraction means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/06—Body-piercing guide needles or the like
- A61M25/0612—Devices for protecting the needle; Devices to help insertion of the needle, e.g. wings or holders
- A61M25/0631—Devices for protecting the needle; Devices to help insertion of the needle, e.g. wings or holders having means for fully covering the needle after its withdrawal, e.g. needle being withdrawn inside the handle or a cover being advanced over the needle
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M5/158—Needles for infusions; Accessories therefor, e.g. for inserting infusion needles, or for holding them on the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/178—Syringes
- A61M5/31—Details
- A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/178—Syringes
- A61M5/31—Details
- A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
- A61M5/3205—Apparatus for removing or disposing of used needles or syringes, e.g. containers; Means for protection against accidental injuries from used needles
- A61M5/321—Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles
- A61M5/3243—Means for protection against accidental injuries by used needles being axially-extensible, e.g. protective sleeves coaxially slidable on the syringe barrel
- A61M5/3257—Semi-automatic sleeve extension, i.e. in which triggering of the sleeve extension requires a deliberate action by the user, e.g. manual release of spring-biased extension means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/50—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests having means for preventing re-use, or for indicating if defective, used, tampered with or unsterile
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/06—Body-piercing guide needles or the like
- A61M25/0612—Devices for protecting the needle; Devices to help insertion of the needle, e.g. wings or holders
- A61M25/0637—Butterfly or winged devices, e.g. for facilitating handling or for attachment to the skin
Definitions
- This invention relates to a fluid flow control device and, in a preferred embodiment, to a medical device having a cannula, often a needle, that is insertable into a patient for use in infusing, collecting or extracting fluids.
- a medical device having an actuator that is manipulated to modify a fluid flow path between the cannula and an external fluid source or receptacle following the infusion or extraction.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a mechanism that functions as a clamp when attached to a fluid flow line.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a mechanism that retracts the cannula inside the device to prevent accidental needlesticks following use and to prevent reuse of the contaminated cannula.
- IV intravascular
- the subject invention is particularly preferred for use in intravascular (“IV”) applications, it can also be used beneficially, for example, in epidural, intraosseous and intraocular applications, and with any body fluid.
- IV infusion sets are well-known in the art for delivering fluids and/or medications to a patient by means of a cannula connected to tubing. IV infusion devices frequently have attached wings that facilitate handling during insertion of the cannula, help stabilize the device, and can be secured to limit movement of the device during use. Blood collection devices operate on the same principle, but in reverse. Blood is collected from a vein or artery through a cannula that is connected through the body of the device to a blood collection receptacle.
- the cannula is contaminated with blood and/or other bodily fluid, and care must be taken to avoid reusing the device and to avoid accidentally sticking either healthcare workers or patients, and thereby spreading blood-borne pathogens.
- the use of caps or covers that must be replaced over the cannula after withdrawal from a patient are not a satisfactory solution because they increase the risk for an accidental stick, or can become loose and fall off, thereby again exposing the contaminated cannula.
- the retractable cannula is held by a retraction member having a tubing connector on its back end portion that establishes fluid communication between the cannula and an IV tube.
- the retraction member is held in its non-retracted position against the force of a compressed spring by a pair of releasable latches disposed on opposite sides of the housing.
- the spring forces the retraction member, and consequently the cannula, back into the housing.
- retraction of the cannula causes the IV tube to move rearwardly as well. If the tube is not free to move rearwardly during retraction, the retraction member and the cannula may not be fully retracted.
- An infusion and fluid collection device are needed in which the cannula can be retracted without causing or relying upon rearward movement of the connected tubing, and in such manner that the device is rendered non-reusable and that the fluid flow path is interrupted, relocated and sealed off in conjunction with retraction of the cannula.
- the apparatus of the invention comprises a device that is particularly well suited for use in the medical field, but is not necessarily limited to medical use.
- a medical device is disclosed that has a cannula and can be configured and used for fluid injection, infusion or extraction.
- the subject device can be used, for example: As part of an infusion set or as a collection device for venous or arterial blood; for other body fluids such as spinal fluid, cerebral fluid, amniotic fluid, and the like that are well known to healthcare workers; or for solid matter contained in suspensions or slurries such as, for example, medications, lipids or bone marrow.
- the fluid source can be, for example, an IV drip bag or a syringe.
- the fluid receptacle can be, for example, a blood collection bag, an evacuated tube or a syringe.
- the device Prior to retraction of the cannula, the device prevents fluid leakage into or out of the fluid flow path.
- the cannula is typically a needle having a front end that is beveled to facilitate insertion into tissue or into another medical device such as a port.
- the device comprises an offset fluid flow path and a retraction chamber fixed in a position that is in-line with the cannula. Retraction is initiated by an actuator that can be repositioned axially in relation to the cannula, thereby also blocking the fluid flow path.
- the device comprises an in-line fluid flow path and an offset retraction cavity. Retraction is initiated by an actuator that can be repositioned laterally in relation to the cannula, thereby blocking and sealing off the fluid flow path.
- the device comprises an in-line fluid flow path and an offset retraction chamber. Retraction is initiated by an actuator that can be repositioned arcuately in relation to the cannula, thereby blocking and sealing off the fluid flow path.
- a device preferably comprises a housing; a cannula projecting forwardly from the housing; a connector useful for attaching the device to a fluid source or receptacle; a fluid flow path establishing fluid communication between the cannula and the connector; a retraction mechanism biasing the cannula away from its projecting position; and an actuator supported by the housing and configured to modify the fluid flow path so as to terminate fluid flow through the device, seal off the fluid flow path, and release the retraction mechanism to retract the cannula into the housing.
- Laterally extending finger grips and/or stabilization wings with finger pads are desirably provided to facilitate manipulation of the device by a user, to resist rolling of the device on an underlying surface, and to provide surfaces that can be secured to a patient during use.
- the actuator portion of the device comprises two elongate, most preferably cylindrical, cavities, including one cavity that defines a portion of the fluid flow path and another that is a retraction cavity configured to receive a portion of the retraction mechanism and cannula following retraction.
- the retraction mechanism preferably comprises a holder for the needle or cannula, and a biasing member such as a compression spring.
- the actuator is preferably movable by the user from a first position to a second position to modify the fluid flow path by interrupting, displacing, redirecting or reconfiguring at least part of the path, thereby cutting off fluid flow along the original flow path through the device.
- At least part of the actuator is either slidably mounted or rotatably, most preferably pivotally, connected inside the housing. Movement of the actuator from the first position to the second position also desirably releases the retraction mechanism, allowing the biasing member to force the cannula holder and at least part of the cannula back inside the retraction cavity, and to force all of the cannula back inside the housing to prevent accidental needle sticks and to prevent reuse of the device.
- the use of devices having retractable needles, the avoidance of accidental needlesticks and disabling the device to prevent reuse are important to significantly reducing the spread of disease by blood-borne pathogens to healthcare workers, other patients, and those who may handle such devices following use.
- FIG. 1 is a front elevation view of an embodiment of the invention having an interruptable fluid flow path, a retractable cannula projecting forwardly out of the housing, a rearwardly slidable actuator, and stabilization wings;
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side elevation view taken along line 2 - 2 of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the device of FIG. 2 following interruption of the fluid flow path and retraction of the cannula;
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional front elevation view of another embodiment of the invention having an interruptible fluid flow path, a retractable cannula projecting forwardly out of the housing, and a laterally slidable actuator;
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional front elevation view of the embodiment of FIG. 4 following interruption of the fluid flow path and retraction of the cannula into the retraction cavity;
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the invention having an interruptable fluid flow path, a retractable cannula projecting forwardly out of the housing, and a pivotable actuator;
- FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 6 ;
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged top plan view (oppositely directed) of the embodiment of FIG. 6 ;
- FIG. 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional plan view, partially broken away, of the embodiment of FIG. 8 , with the cannula projecting forwardly and a tubing segment (shown in phantom outline) disposed in fluid communication with the fluid flow path through the actuator, cannula holder and cannula;
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 9 following interruption of the fluid flow path and retraction of the cannula;
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the invention having an interruptable fluid flow path, a retractable cannula projecting forwardly out of the housing (shown covered by a protective guard), and an actuator pivotably connected to the housing;
- FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 11 ;
- FIG. 13 is an enlarged top plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 11 ;
- FIG. 14 is a front elevation view of the embodiment of FIG. 13 , with the protective cover shown in phantom outline;
- FIG. 15 is an enlarged cross-sectional plan view, partially broken away, of the embodiment of FIG. 13 , with the cannula projecting forwardly and the protective cover shown in phantom, showing the fluid flow path through the cannula, cannula holder and actuator;
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 15 following interruption of the fluid flow path and retraction of the cannula into the retraction cavity;
- FIG. 17 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the invention having an interruptable fluid flow path that is particularly useful with liquid fluids, a retractable cannula projecting forwardly out of the housing (hidden from view by a removable protective cover), and an actuator pivotably connected to the housing;
- FIG. 18 is an exploded perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 17 ;
- FIG. 19 is an enlarged cross-sectional plan view, partially broken away, of the embodiment of FIG. 17 , with the cannula projecting forwardly and the protective cover shown in phantom outline, and showing the fluid flow path through the cannula, cannula holder, actuator and Luer connector set; and
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 19 following interruption of the fluid flow path and retraction of the cannula into the retraction cavity.
- device 10 can be used, for example, as part of a medical apparatus for collecting blood, blood gases or other bodily fluids from a patient, or for infusing a patient with fluids of the type typically administered intravenously or otherwise.
- device 10 comprises housing 12 and forwardly projecting cannula 14 attached to cannula holder 16 , which is more visible in FIGS. 2 and 3 .
- the beveled point of cannula 14 is desirably shielded by a protective cover.
- Actuator 18 is slidably supported by housing 12 and comprises a plurality of opposed flexible latches that secure the end opposite handle 44 inside housing 12 .
- Handle 44 at the front of actuator 18 facilitates manual manipulation of actuator 18 relative to housing 12 to terminate fluid flow through device 10 and initiate retraction of cannula 14 inside housing 12 as described in greater detail below.
- Optional stabilization wings 20 extend laterally from housing 12 and facilitate handling of device 10 by the user. When used, wings 20 also provide a surface that will restrict rotation of housing 12 when device 10 is secured to a patient using tape, sutures, or other similarly effective means.
- the fluid flow through cannula 14 can be terminated and cannula 14 can be retracted inside housing 12 by applying rearwardly directed manual pressure to the front side of handle 44 of actuator 18 while simultaneously grasping housing 12 . If desired, cannula 14 can be retracted into housing 12 without first withdrawing it from the patient. Usage of device 10 and retraction of cannula 14 are discussed more fully below in relation to FIGS. 2 and 3 .
- Housing 12 of device 10 comprises two elongated portions including lower section 26 and upper section 28 .
- Lower section 26 further comprises smaller diameter front end 32 and a larger diameter back end 34 with transition zone defined by shoulder 30 disposed between front end 32 and back end 34 .
- Upper section 28 extends rearwardly from a point above shoulder 30 to an open back end above back end 34 of lower section 26 , and comprises a longitudinal bore that serves as a connector into which tubing segment 24 is insertable.
- the end of tubing segment 24 is desirably maintained inside upper section 28 of housing 12 by any suitable means such as, for example, frictional engagement or by using a clamping device, adhesive, or the like.
- tubing segment 24 can be of any desired length that is suitable for connecting device 10 to a fluid source, such as an IV bag, or to a fluid receptacle, such as a blood collection system.
- Lower section 26 preferably further comprises a retraction cavity 36 disposed between back end 34 and transition zone shoulder 30 .
- back end 34 of retraction cavity 36 comprises an opening that is closed by end cap 42 .
- Lower section 26 further comprises aperture 38 disposed in the top wall, slightly forward of transition zone shoulder 30 . Hole 38 aligns with hole 40 in the bottom of upper section 28 , and the alignment of holes 38 , 40 helps establish a fluid flow path between cannula 14 and tubing segment 24 .
- the opening at front end 32 of lower section 26 is closed by slidably engaged tubular actuator 18 , which comprises handle 44 extending upwardly from the front edge.
- Actuator 18 is movable from a first position, where handle 44 is spaced apart from front end 32 of lower section 26 , to a second position, where handle 44 abuts and is adjacent to front end 32 of lower section 26 .
- Actuator 18 is desirably sized lengthwise to extend into lower section 26 of housing 12 a sufficient distance to cover and close hole 38 in lower section 26 when actuator 18 is moved to the second position abutting against front end 32 .
- Actuator 18 also desirably comprises a pair of diametrically opposed latches extending outwardly from the rear end of actuator 18 . As sliding end cap 18 is moved towards its second position, the latches slide over and engage a projection shoulder on the inside wall of lower section 26 , thereby locking actuator 18 in its second position and preventing its removal from housing 12 .
- Retraction mechanism 13 supports cannula 14 and comprises cannula holder 16 , cannula holder plug 46 , and spring 22 .
- cannula holder 16 , spring 22 and cannula holder plug 46 are desirably preassembled and inserted into lower section 26 through the opening in back end 34 and through retraction cavity 36 .
- resilient cannula holder plug 46 is desirably inserted into frictional engagement with a recess inside the larger diameter section 58 of cannula holder 16 .
- Spring 22 is desirably placed over the smaller diameter front section of cannula holder 16 , where it slides rearwardly into abutting engagement with annular shoulder 52 .
- the assembled unit is then oriented so that fluid passageway 60 is aligned with aperture 38 in the top wall of lower section 26 , and advanced past transition zone shoulder 30 .
- spring 22 seats against the annular shoulder inside the front opening of actuator 18 and is compressed to the position shown in FIG. 2 .
- Actuator 18 resists the force of the compressed spring and is prevented from moving forwardly away from housing 12 under the spring force by the resilient latches securing actuator 18 to housing 12 as previously described.
- This configuration of elements allows cannula 14 to be in fluid communication with tubing 24 , as fluid flows through hollow cannula 14 and cannula holder 16 into cannula holder plug 46 , through hole 60 in the top of cannula holder plug 46 , through hole 38 in top of retraction cavity housing 26 , through hole 40 in the bottom of tubing assembly housing 28 and into tubing 24 .
- fluid can flow in the opposite direction and pass from tubing 24 , through aligned holes 40 , 38 and 60 and out cannula 14 .
- Rear end cap 42 is installed in the open end of lower section 26 following installation of cannula 14 and cannula holder plug 46 , and is frictionally held inside rear end 34 of lower section 26 .
- cannula 14 can be secured in fixed relation to cannula holder 16 prior to insertion of retraction mechanism 13 into housing 12 , cannula 14 is desirably inserted into the bore of projecting tip of cannula holder 16 after cannula holder 16 is installed inside housing 12 .
- the opening at the forwardly extending end of cannula holder 16 is tapered to facilitate the insertion and attachment of cannula 14 .
- Cannula 14 can be frictionally held inside the bore of cannula holder 16 but is desirably attached in fixed relation to cannula holder 16 using glue or any other similarly effective means known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
- the open portion of the beveled point of cannula 14 desirably faces upwardly to facilitate insertion into a patient.
- open back end 62 of hollow cannula 14 extends through back end 58 of cannula holder 16 into open front section 54 of cannula holder plug 46 . It should be appreciated, however, that cannula 14 needs only extend into cannula holder 16 a sufficient distance to facilitate reliable engagement between them.
- compressed spring 22 biases cannula 14 and cannula holder 16 rearwardly.
- the frictional holding force exerted against inside surface 50 of the smaller diameter front portion of lower section 26 by cannula holder plug 46 should be great enough to resist the biasing force exerted against annular shoulder 52 by spring 22 in combination with the force exerted back against cannula holder plug 46 through cannula 14 and cannula holder 16 during insertion of cannula 14 into a patient. Otherwise, cannula 14 could retract prematurely without movement of actuator 18 relative to housing 12 .
- the user can initiate retraction by applying rearwardly directed pressure to handle 44 while maintaining housing 12 in a stationary position, either by gripping its textured outside surface portion (visible in FIG. 1 ) or by pressing down on the optional wings (likely already secured to the patient).
- the manual pressure applied to handle 44 causes actuator 18 to move backwards relative to housing 12 .
- retraction is initiated while the cannula, typically a needle, is still inserted in the patient.
- cannula holder 16 and cannula holder plug 46 are also forced backwards due to the contact between back end 64 of actuator 18 and annular shoulder 52 of cannula holder 16 .
- cannula holder plug 46 in response to the rearward movement of actuator 18 , cannula holder plug 46 passes through the transition zone (past shoulder 30 ) and into larger diameter retraction cavity 36 of lower section 26 . As cannula holder plug 46 moves, the friction force between outside surface 48 of cannula holder plug 46 and inside wall 50 of lower section 26 is reduced, and as cannula holder plug 46 passes the transition zone and enters retraction cavity 36 , the frictional holding force is completely eliminated.
- actuator 18 forces cannula holder 16 and cannula holder plug 46 backwards into retraction cavity 36 , thereby simultaneously causing cannula holder 16 to draw the beveled tip of cannula 14 inside housing 12 . It will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading this disclosure that actuator 18 should be long enough that its range of travel relative to housing 12 is sufficient to force cannula holder plug 46 past shoulder 30 .
- cannula holder plug 46 desirably abuts, or nearly abuts, rear end cap 42 of lower section 26 .
- Lower section 26 is desirably sized such that the entirety of cannula 14 is contained within lower section 26 and does not protrude from front end 32 .
- the top edge of actuator 18 blocks the fluid flow path between cannula 14 and hole 38 in the top of lower section 26 . This prevents fluid from escaping tubing 24 that is still connected to upper section 28 of housing 12 .
- device 70 is preferred for use as part of a blood collection apparatus or an IV infusion set.
- Device 70 comprises a substantially rectangular housing having front wall 72 with forwardly projecting conical nose 74 ; rear wall 92 with open slot 88 ; side wall 98 ; and cooperating, substantially flat bottom wall 104 and a corresponding top wall (not visible in the cross-sectional view) that interconnect walls 72 , 92 and 98 .
- the edges of bottom wall 104 and the corresponding top wall (not visible) that are opposite side wall 98 are not visible in FIG.
- Sliding track 94 seen behind front wall 72 , is preferably unitarily formed as part of front wall 72 .
- the housing of device 70 defines a structure into which retraction mechanism 76 and actuator 96 are installable.
- Retraction mechanism 76 preferably further comprises cannula holder 78 having a larger diameter head 80 , and a biasing member exerting a rearwardly directed force against cannula holder 78 .
- a preferred biasing member is compression spring 86 .
- Retraction mechanism 76 is installable into front wall 72 , nose 74 and sliding track 94 of the housing from the rear, preferably prior to the installation of cannula 84 and actuator 96 .
- Coil spring 86 is placed over the forwardly extending end of cannula holder 78 and cannula holder 78 is then inserted into nose 74 until the forwardly facing end of spring 86 seats against the annular shoulder inside the front opening of nose 74 that is disposed around cannula holder 78 . As spring 86 is compressed, a portion of annular shoulder 82 on the forwardly facing surface of head 80 abuts against the rearwardly facing surface of front wall 72 that is adjacent to the opening through nose 74 .
- actuator 96 is desirably inserted into sliding track 94 from the side of the housing opposite wall 98 , and is moved laterally to a position as shown in FIG. 4 where sealing member 95 provides a fluid-tight seal permitting fluid flow between head 80 of cannula holder 78 into fluid flow path 100 of actuator 96 .
- Actuator 96 is preferably an elongate, substantially rectangular body made to slidably engage at least one guide or sliding track 94 on the inside of the housing to facilitate lateral movement of actuator 96 within the housing.
- the interior of actuator 96 preferably comprises an in-line fluid flow path 100 defined by wall sections 106 , 108 , and a retraction chamber 102 that is offset from cannula 84 while actuator 96 is in the use position.
- Resilient sealing member 95 preferably an elastomeric O-ring or another similarly effective sealing member, is disposed in a recess at the forward end of fluid flow path 100 through actuator 96 , where it can provide sealing engagement with the rearwardly facing surface of enlarged head 80 of cannula holder 78 . It will be observed that resilient sealing member 95 seals against fluid leakage either into or out of fluid flow path 100 .
- actuator 96 When actuator 96 is positioned as shown in FIG. 4 , spring 86 is maintained in its compressed state and continuously biases cannula holder 78 in a rearward direction until such time as actuator 96 is selectively repositioned following use of device 70 .
- spring 86 and actuator 96 Once retraction mechanism 76 and actuator 96 are installed inside the housing, the rear end of cannula 84 can be inserted into the axial bore of cannula 78 and glued or otherwise secured in place.
- a frictionally engageable, removable protective cover is desirably provided for cannula 84 following its installation in cannula holder 78 .
- device 70 Prior to use, device 70 is preferably connected to a fluid source or fluid receptacle by means of a flexible tubing segment 90 that is insertable into or otherwise attachable to tubing connector 103 through slot 88 by conventional means.
- actuator 96 When actuator 96 is positioned as shown in FIG. 4 , a substantially linear fluid flow path is established between cannula 84 and tubing segment 90 .
- Tubing connector 103 can be a section of the bore inside actuator 96 that is tapered slightly to receive and frictionally engage a free end of tubing segment 90 , or can be configured for attachment of a tubing segment by other known means such as, for example, luer connectors, threaded connectors, clamps, adhesive, and the like.
- Tubing segment 90 is preferably flexible polymeric tubing of any length and material that are suitable for the intended use.
- device 70 can be used to transfer fluids from an external source to be discharged through the cannula, or can be extracted or withdrawn from an external source through the cannula and subsequently discharged from the end of tubing segment 90 that is opposite to tubing connector 103 .
- retraction is initiated by moving actuator 96 from its use position to its retraction position by applying manual force to actuator 96 in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis through cannula 84 and cannula holder 78 .
- actuator 96 is moved laterally toward wall 98 , fluid flow path 100 through actuator 96 is shifted laterally into a position where it is no longer opposed to head 80 of cannula holder 78 .
- head 80 is acted upon by the biasing force of compressed spring 86 to propel cannula holder 78 into retraction cavity 102 of actuator 96 , thereby withdrawing cannula 84 inside the housing.
- the distance between back wall 92 and the front tip of nose 74 must be sufficiently great to receive the pointed end of cannula 84 at least into nose 74 .
- the length of uncompressed spring 86 is desirably such that head 80 will be maintained a sufficient distance from the front opening of nose 74 that the tip of cannula 84 does not again protrude from the front of device 70 following retraction, particularly if device 70 is rotated to a vertical position with the cannula pointing down.
- FIGS. 6-10 Another embodiment of the invention, in which the actuator is repositioned arcuately relative to the housing to initiate retraction, is described in relation to FIGS. 6-10 .
- medical device 110 comprises housing 112 , actuator 114 , a retraction mechanism 118 , and a forwardly projecting cannula, preferably needle 122 .
- Housing 112 further comprises a hollow body having substantially flat top and bottom surfaces, an inclined finger pad 134 , a forwardly extending, open neck 136 , open side and back sections including actuator stop rail 140 , recessed wall section 168 , and aligned, oppositely disposed apertures 126 for pivotably attaching actuator 114 to housing 112 .
- Actuator 114 preferably comprises actuator contact surface 132 , contact surface 166 , actuator positioning rail 138 , outwardly projecting mounting bosses 128 insertable into mating engagement with apertures 126 of housing 112 , and tubing aperture 130 .
- Retraction mechanism 118 preferably comprises a needle holder having a forwardly extending, small diameter portion 106 and a larger-diameter head 108 disposed rearwardly of small diameter portion 106 .
- Compression spring 116 is configured to slide over small diameter portion 106 and to abut against the forwardly facing annular surface of head 108 .
- a sealing member, preferably O-ring 120 is further described below.
- the retraction mechanism is inserted into neck 136 of housing 112 from the rear, with small diameter portion 106 of the needle holder projecting forwardly through the opening in the front.
- Spring 116 slidably engages small diameter portion 106 and the forward end of spring 116 is seated against an annular shoulder adjacent to the front opening inside neck 136 .
- the other end of spring 116 abuts against an annular shoulder of head 108 .
- Spring 116 is compressed, and is maintained in the pre-retraction position by an opposing force exerted against head 108 by actuator 114 .
- Actuator 114 is disposed in its use position relative to housing 112 , with mounting bosses 128 pivotably inserted into apertures 126 and with contact surface 166 abutting against the inside surface of housing 112 that is adjacent to recessed wall section 168 .
- Actuator 114 comprises fluid flow path 154 bounded by walls 150 , 152 , and retraction cavity 164 .
- Space 124 in housing 112 is provided to receive a portion of actuator 114 when it is repositioned to terminate fluid flow and initiate retraction.
- fluid flow path 154 through actuator 114 is disposed in fluid communication with axial passageway 144 through the needle holder and with the inside of needle 122 .
- Sealing member 120 seated in recess 148 , desirably provides fluid-tight sealing engagement between the forward end of walls 150 , 152 and head 108 of the needle holder. This sealing engagement is facilitated by an annular shoulder 146 of head 108 .
- Tubing connector 156 desirably comprises outwardly tapering walls 142 at the rear end of fluid flow path 154 and is adapted to receive and engage an end of tubing segment 162 (shown in phantom outline).
- Projecting boss 158 of housing 112 located adjacent to the forwardly facing end of retraction cavity 164 is provided to prevent actuator 114 from inadvertently being moved from the pre-retraction position to the retraction position.
- the spacing between boss 158 and facing surface 160 of actuator 114 is desirably less than that shown for illustrative purposes in FIG. 9 .
- the fluid flow is easily terminated by repositioning actuator 114 relative to housing 112 by applying pressure against actuator contact surface 132 , which causes actuator 114 to pivot in the direction shown by arrow 160 .
- actuator contact surface 132 which causes actuator 114 to pivot in the direction shown by arrow 160 .
- some manual pressure is required to overcome the resistance of pushing surface 160 over boss 158 and to move sealing member 120 past head 108 , the required force is desirably such that it can easily be applied by an adult user. It will again be observed that resilient sealing member 120 seals against fluid leakage either into or out of fluid flow path 154 .
- fluid flow path 154 is offset from the opening through neck 136 and from passageway 144 through head 108 . Furthermore, as soon as wall 150 clears head 108 , retraction cavity 164 is pivoted into coaxial alignment with the opening through neck 136 , and the biasing force of compressed spring 122 projects the needle holder into the retraction cavity, simultaneously withdrawing the tip of needle 122 from the patient and into housing 112 to avoid accidental needle sticks and prevent reuse of device 110 .
- FIGS. 11-16 Another embodiment of the invention is described in relation to FIGS. 11-16 .
- This embodiment is particularly preferred for use in collecting fluids comprising gases, such as arterial blood gases, intended for subsequent analysis, and also comprises an actuator that is repositioned arcuately relative to the housing to initiate retraction.
- medical device 200 is disclosed that comprises housing 226 , actuator 204 , needle holder 220 , spring 222 , hermetic sealing element 218 and forwardly projecting needle 224 .
- Housing 226 further comprises a hollow body having substantially flat top and bottom surfaces 202 , oppositely disposed and integrally formed finger grips with textured gripping surfaces 206 , a forwardly extending, tapered neck 238 with opening 228 , an open side and back, and aligned, oppositely disposed apertures 230 for pivotably attaching actuator 204 to housing 226 .
- Protective cover 232 is desirably provided to protect needle 224 prior to use, and should be removed from needle 224 prior to use.
- Actuator 204 preferably comprises actuator contact surface 234 , outwardly projecting mounting bosses 212 insertable into mating engagement with apertures 230 of housing 204 , retraction cavity 216 , recess 214 around the opening of the fluid flow path, and a tubing connector 208 that extends rearwardly from housing 226 .
- tubing connector 208 further comprises half of a Luer connector 236 to facilitate attachment of device 200 to another fluid source or receptacle, depending upon the intended use.
- the retraction mechanism is installed by inserting it into axial passageway 250 through neck 238 of the housing from the rear, with small diameter portion 221 of needle holder 220 projecting forwardly through opening 228 in the front.
- Spring 222 slidably engages small diameter portion 221 and the forward end of spring 222 is seated against an annular shoulder 252 adjacent to front opening 228 of neck 238 .
- the other end of spring 222 abuts against an annular shoulder of larger diameter head 223 of needle holder 220 .
- Spring 222 is compressed, and is maintained in the pre-retraction position by an opposing force exerted against head 223 by actuator 204 .
- Actuator 204 is disposed in its use position relative to housing 226 with mounting bosses 212 pivotably inserted into apertures 230 ( FIG. 12 ) and with actuator contact surface 234 abutting against the inside surface of housing 226 that is underneath the nearest adjacent textured gripping surface 206 .
- Actuator 204 comprises fluid flow path 242 and retraction cavity 216 .
- Space 244 in housing 226 is provided to receive a portion of actuator 204 when it is repositioned to terminate fluid flow and initiate retraction.
- fluid flow path 242 through actuator 204 is disposed in fluid communication with axial passageway 225 through the needle holder and with axial passageway 258 inside needle 224 .
- Hermetic sealing member 246 seated in recess 214 , desirably provides fluid-tight sealing engagement between the forward end of fluid flow path 242 and head 223 of the needle holder.
- Tubing connector 208 desirably comprises stepped bore 240 providing fluid communication with fluid flow path 242 .
- Projecting boss 235 of housing 226 located adjacent to the forwardly facing end of retraction cavity 216 is provided to prevent the actuator from being moved inadvertently from the pre-retraction position to the retraction position shown in FIG. 16 .
- the fluid flow is easily terminated by repositioning the actuator relative to housing 226 by applying pressure against actuator contact surface 234 , which causes the actuator to pivot in the direction shown by arrow 260 .
- actuator contact surface 234 which causes the actuator to pivot in the direction shown by arrow 260 .
- some manual pressure is required to overcome the resistance of pushing surface 237 ( FIG. 15 ) over boss 235 and to move sealing member 246 past head 223 , the required force is desirably within the range that can be applied smoothly by an adult user.
- FIGS. 17-20 Another embodiment of the invention is described in relation to FIGS. 17-20 .
- This embodiment which is particularly preferred for use in extracting, collecting or infusing fluids, also comprises an actuator that is repositioned rotationally, most preferably arcuately, relative to the housing to initiate retraction.
- medical device 300 is disclosed that comprises housing 304 , actuator 316 , needle holder 312 , spring 310 , sealing element 314 and forwardly projecting needle 308 .
- Housing 304 further comprises a hollow body having substantially flat top and bottom surfaces, oppositely disposed and integrally formed finger grips with textured gripping surfaces 340 , a forwardly extending, tapered neck 306 with a forwardly extending opening, an open side and back, and aligned, oppositely disposed apertures 324 for pivotably attaching actuator 316 to housing 304 .
- Protective cover 302 is desirably provided to protect needle 308 prior to use, and should be removed from needle 308 prior to use.
- an external connector body 322 is provided that is attachable to fluid flow passage 328 through actuator 316 by means of tubing segment 318 having a length that is appropriate for attachment of another device (not shown) that is either a source of, or receptacle for, fluids to be infused into or extracted from, a patient.
- tubing segment 318 (which can range in length, for example, from one to four feet or more) is preferably inserted into the rear of actuator 316 and glued, welded, clamped or otherwise secured in place to establish fluid communication with fluid flow path 328 , and is likewise attachable to connector body 322 through an opening in nose 320 , thereby establishing fluid communication with stepped axial bore 332 through connector body 322 .
- Connector 334 at the rear of connector body 322 is desirably provided, most preferably with half of a standard Luer connector, to facilitate attachment to another device, preferably a fluid source or receptacle.
- the end of tubing segment inserted into nose 320 of connector body 322 is also preferably attached using an adhesive or by any other suitable conventional means.
- Connector body 322 can also optionally be provided with oppositely directed stabilization wings 336 if desired for use in securing connector body 322 to another surface or article.
- the retraction mechanism comprising needle holder 312 and spring 310 is preferably installed by inserting it into neck 306 of housing 304 from the rear as previously described in relation to the embodiment of FIGS. 11-17 , with the smaller diameter portion of needle holder 312 projecting forwardly through the opening in the front of neck 306 .
- Spring 310 is compressed during installation, and is maintained in the pre-retraction position by an opposing force exerted against the head of needle holder 312 by actuator 316 .
- actuator 316 is disposed in its use position inside housing 304 as previously described for actuator 204 in relation to housing 226 of FIG. 15 .
- Actuator 316 comprises fluid flow path 328 and retraction cavity 330 .
- Space 326 in housing 304 is provided to receive a portion of actuator 316 when it is repositioned to terminate fluid flow and initiate retraction.
- fluid flow path 328 through actuator 316 is disposed in fluid communication with axial passageway through needle holder 312 and with the axial passageway 258 inside needle 308 .
- Elastomeric sealing member 314 desirably provides fluid-tight sealing engagement between the forward end of fluid flow path 328 and the head of needle holder 312 .
- the rear portion of fluid flow path 328 desirably comprises tapering walls to receive and engage an end of tubing segment 318 as previously described.
- a projecting boss as previously described in relation to boss 235 of housing 226 of FIG. 15 is desirably located adjacent to the forwardly facing end of retraction cavity 330 to prevent actuator 316 from being moved inadvertently from the pre-retraction position of FIG. 19 to the retraction position shown in FIG. 20 .
- the fluid flow is easily terminated by repositioning actuator 316 relative to housing 304 by applying pressure against the actuator contact surface as indicated by arrow 338 , which causes actuator 316 to pivot in the direction shown by arrow 338 .
- the actuator is repositioned relative to housing 304 as shown in FIG. 20 , fluid flow between needle 308 and tubing connector body 322 is blocked, and fluid flow path 328 is offset from the opening through nose 306 .
- retraction cavity 330 is pivoted into coaxial alignment with the opening through neck 306 of housing 304 , the biasing force of compressed spring 308 forces needle holder 312 into retraction cavity 330 , simultaneously withdrawing the tip of needle 308 from the patient and into housing 304 to avoid accidental needlesticks and prevent reuse, thereby reducing the related potential for spreading fluid-borne pathogens to another person.
- housings, actuators, cannula holders, protective covers, end caps and tubing connectors can be made of any suitable material such as, for example, plastic, metal, ceramic, glass, or the like.
- suitable material such as, for example, plastic, metal, ceramic, glass, or the like.
- cannulas suitable for use in the invention can be made of metal, plastic or ceramic materials, with metal being preferred.
- Resilient parts used as fluid sealing members or cannula holder plugs are desirably made of rubber, other elastomeric polymers, or rubber-modified plastic.
Abstract
A device having a housing; a cannula projecting forwardly from the housing; a connector useful for attaching the device to a fluid source or receptacle; a fluid flow path establishing fluid communication between the cannula and the connector; a retraction mechanism biasing the cannula away from its projecting position; and an actuator supported by the housing and configured to modify the fluid flow path so as to terminate fluid flow through the device, seal off the fluid flow path, and release the retraction mechanism to retract the cannula into the housing. The subject device is particularly preferred for use in the medical field, for example, as part of an infusion set or as a collection device for blood, or other fluids or flowable matter.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- This invention relates to a fluid flow control device and, in a preferred embodiment, to a medical device having a cannula, often a needle, that is insertable into a patient for use in infusing, collecting or extracting fluids. One aspect of the invention relates to a medical device having an actuator that is manipulated to modify a fluid flow path between the cannula and an external fluid source or receptacle following the infusion or extraction. Another aspect of the invention relates to a mechanism that functions as a clamp when attached to a fluid flow line. Another aspect of the invention relates to a mechanism that retracts the cannula inside the device to prevent accidental needlesticks following use and to prevent reuse of the contaminated cannula. Although the subject invention is particularly preferred for use in intravascular (“IV”) applications, it can also be used beneficially, for example, in epidural, intraosseous and intraocular applications, and with any body fluid.
- 2. Description of Related Art
- Intravascular (“IV”) infusion sets are well-known in the art for delivering fluids and/or medications to a patient by means of a cannula connected to tubing. IV infusion devices frequently have attached wings that facilitate handling during insertion of the cannula, help stabilize the device, and can be secured to limit movement of the device during use. Blood collection devices operate on the same principle, but in reverse. Blood is collected from a vein or artery through a cannula that is connected through the body of the device to a blood collection receptacle. Following use of a conventional infusion or fluid collection system, the cannula is contaminated with blood and/or other bodily fluid, and care must be taken to avoid reusing the device and to avoid accidentally sticking either healthcare workers or patients, and thereby spreading blood-borne pathogens. The use of caps or covers that must be replaced over the cannula after withdrawal from a patient are not a satisfactory solution because they increase the risk for an accidental stick, or can become loose and fall off, thereby again exposing the contaminated cannula.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,779,679 to Shaw, entitled “Winged IV Set With Retractable Cannula,” and U.S. Pat. No. 6,210,371 to Shaw, entitled “Winged IV Set,” both disclose an IV infusion set with a retractable cannula. In both of these patents, the retractable cannula is held by a retraction member having a tubing connector on its back end portion that establishes fluid communication between the cannula and an IV tube. The retraction member is held in its non-retracted position against the force of a compressed spring by a pair of releasable latches disposed on opposite sides of the housing. Once the latches are released, the spring forces the retraction member, and consequently the cannula, back into the housing. However, because an IV tube is connected directly to the retraction member, retraction of the cannula causes the IV tube to move rearwardly as well. If the tube is not free to move rearwardly during retraction, the retraction member and the cannula may not be fully retracted.
- An infusion and fluid collection device are needed in which the cannula can be retracted without causing or relying upon rearward movement of the connected tubing, and in such manner that the device is rendered non-reusable and that the fluid flow path is interrupted, relocated and sealed off in conjunction with retraction of the cannula.
- The apparatus of the invention comprises a device that is particularly well suited for use in the medical field, but is not necessarily limited to medical use. According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, a medical device is disclosed that has a cannula and can be configured and used for fluid injection, infusion or extraction. Depending upon its configuration, the subject device can be used, for example: As part of an infusion set or as a collection device for venous or arterial blood; for other body fluids such as spinal fluid, cerebral fluid, amniotic fluid, and the like that are well known to healthcare workers; or for solid matter contained in suspensions or slurries such as, for example, medications, lipids or bone marrow. When the device is used for infusing fluids or medication, the fluid source can be, for example, an IV drip bag or a syringe. When the device is used for collecting blood, the fluid receptacle can be, for example, a blood collection bag, an evacuated tube or a syringe. When the device is attached to a fluid flow line, it can also be used as a clamp. Prior to retraction of the cannula, the device prevents fluid leakage into or out of the fluid flow path. The cannula is typically a needle having a front end that is beveled to facilitate insertion into tissue or into another medical device such as a port.
- According to one embodiment of the invention, the device comprises an offset fluid flow path and a retraction chamber fixed in a position that is in-line with the cannula. Retraction is initiated by an actuator that can be repositioned axially in relation to the cannula, thereby also blocking the fluid flow path.
- According to another embodiment of the invention, the device comprises an in-line fluid flow path and an offset retraction cavity. Retraction is initiated by an actuator that can be repositioned laterally in relation to the cannula, thereby blocking and sealing off the fluid flow path.
- According to another embodiment of the invention, the device comprises an in-line fluid flow path and an offset retraction chamber. Retraction is initiated by an actuator that can be repositioned arcuately in relation to the cannula, thereby blocking and sealing off the fluid flow path.
- According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a device is disclosed that preferably comprises a housing; a cannula projecting forwardly from the housing; a connector useful for attaching the device to a fluid source or receptacle; a fluid flow path establishing fluid communication between the cannula and the connector; a retraction mechanism biasing the cannula away from its projecting position; and an actuator supported by the housing and configured to modify the fluid flow path so as to terminate fluid flow through the device, seal off the fluid flow path, and release the retraction mechanism to retract the cannula into the housing. Laterally extending finger grips and/or stabilization wings with finger pads are desirably provided to facilitate manipulation of the device by a user, to resist rolling of the device on an underlying surface, and to provide surfaces that can be secured to a patient during use.
- According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the actuator portion of the device comprises two elongate, most preferably cylindrical, cavities, including one cavity that defines a portion of the fluid flow path and another that is a retraction cavity configured to receive a portion of the retraction mechanism and cannula following retraction. The retraction mechanism preferably comprises a holder for the needle or cannula, and a biasing member such as a compression spring. The actuator is preferably movable by the user from a first position to a second position to modify the fluid flow path by interrupting, displacing, redirecting or reconfiguring at least part of the path, thereby cutting off fluid flow along the original flow path through the device. At least part of the actuator is either slidably mounted or rotatably, most preferably pivotally, connected inside the housing. Movement of the actuator from the first position to the second position also desirably releases the retraction mechanism, allowing the biasing member to force the cannula holder and at least part of the cannula back inside the retraction cavity, and to force all of the cannula back inside the housing to prevent accidental needle sticks and to prevent reuse of the device. The use of devices having retractable needles, the avoidance of accidental needlesticks and disabling the device to prevent reuse are important to significantly reducing the spread of disease by blood-borne pathogens to healthcare workers, other patients, and those who may handle such devices following use.
- The apparatus of the invention is further described and explained in relation to the following figures of the drawings wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a front elevation view of an embodiment of the invention having an interruptable fluid flow path, a retractable cannula projecting forwardly out of the housing, a rearwardly slidable actuator, and stabilization wings; -
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side elevation view taken along line 2-2 ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the device ofFIG. 2 following interruption of the fluid flow path and retraction of the cannula; -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional front elevation view of another embodiment of the invention having an interruptible fluid flow path, a retractable cannula projecting forwardly out of the housing, and a laterally slidable actuator; -
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional front elevation view of the embodiment ofFIG. 4 following interruption of the fluid flow path and retraction of the cannula into the retraction cavity; -
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the invention having an interruptable fluid flow path, a retractable cannula projecting forwardly out of the housing, and a pivotable actuator; -
FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the embodiment ofFIG. 6 ; -
FIG. 8 is an enlarged top plan view (oppositely directed) of the embodiment ofFIG. 6 ; -
FIG. 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional plan view, partially broken away, of the embodiment ofFIG. 8 , with the cannula projecting forwardly and a tubing segment (shown in phantom outline) disposed in fluid communication with the fluid flow path through the actuator, cannula holder and cannula; -
FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional plan view of the embodiment ofFIG. 9 following interruption of the fluid flow path and retraction of the cannula; -
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the invention having an interruptable fluid flow path, a retractable cannula projecting forwardly out of the housing (shown covered by a protective guard), and an actuator pivotably connected to the housing; -
FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view of the embodiment ofFIG. 11 ; -
FIG. 13 is an enlarged top plan view of the embodiment ofFIG. 11 ; -
FIG. 14 is a front elevation view of the embodiment ofFIG. 13 , with the protective cover shown in phantom outline; -
FIG. 15 is an enlarged cross-sectional plan view, partially broken away, of the embodiment ofFIG. 13 , with the cannula projecting forwardly and the protective cover shown in phantom, showing the fluid flow path through the cannula, cannula holder and actuator; -
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional plan view of the embodiment ofFIG. 15 following interruption of the fluid flow path and retraction of the cannula into the retraction cavity; -
FIG. 17 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the invention having an interruptable fluid flow path that is particularly useful with liquid fluids, a retractable cannula projecting forwardly out of the housing (hidden from view by a removable protective cover), and an actuator pivotably connected to the housing; -
FIG. 18 is an exploded perspective view of the embodiment ofFIG. 17 ; -
FIG. 19 is an enlarged cross-sectional plan view, partially broken away, of the embodiment ofFIG. 17 , with the cannula projecting forwardly and the protective cover shown in phantom outline, and showing the fluid flow path through the cannula, cannula holder, actuator and Luer connector set; and -
FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional plan view of the embodiment ofFIG. 19 following interruption of the fluid flow path and retraction of the cannula into the retraction cavity. - Referring to
FIG. 1 ,device 10 can be used, for example, as part of a medical apparatus for collecting blood, blood gases or other bodily fluids from a patient, or for infusing a patient with fluids of the type typically administered intravenously or otherwise. As shown,device 10 compriseshousing 12 and forwardly projectingcannula 14 attached tocannula holder 16, which is more visible inFIGS. 2 and 3 . Prior to use ofdevice 10, the beveled point ofcannula 14 is desirably shielded by a protective cover.Actuator 18 is slidably supported byhousing 12 and comprises a plurality of opposed flexible latches that secure the end opposite handle 44 insidehousing 12.Handle 44 at the front ofactuator 18 facilitates manual manipulation ofactuator 18 relative tohousing 12 to terminate fluid flow throughdevice 10 and initiate retraction ofcannula 14 insidehousing 12 as described in greater detail below. -
Optional stabilization wings 20 extend laterally fromhousing 12 and facilitate handling ofdevice 10 by the user. When used,wings 20 also provide a surface that will restrict rotation ofhousing 12 whendevice 10 is secured to a patient using tape, sutures, or other similarly effective means. After a desired volume of fluid has been administered to or withdrawn from a patient as therapeutically prescribed, the fluid flow throughcannula 14 can be terminated andcannula 14 can be retracted insidehousing 12 by applying rearwardly directed manual pressure to the front side ofhandle 44 ofactuator 18 while simultaneously graspinghousing 12. If desired,cannula 14 can be retracted intohousing 12 without first withdrawing it from the patient. Usage ofdevice 10 and retraction ofcannula 14 are discussed more fully below in relation toFIGS. 2 and 3 . - Referring to
FIG. 2 ,device 10 is shown without the optional stabilization wings attached.Housing 12 ofdevice 10 comprises two elongated portions includinglower section 26 andupper section 28.Lower section 26 further comprises smaller diameterfront end 32 and a larger diameterback end 34 with transition zone defined byshoulder 30 disposed betweenfront end 32 andback end 34.Upper section 28 extends rearwardly from a point aboveshoulder 30 to an open back end aboveback end 34 oflower section 26, and comprises a longitudinal bore that serves as a connector into whichtubing segment 24 is insertable. The end oftubing segment 24 is desirably maintained insideupper section 28 ofhousing 12 by any suitable means such as, for example, frictional engagement or by using a clamping device, adhesive, or the like. Depending upon the desired use ofdevice 10,tubing segment 24 can be of any desired length that is suitable for connectingdevice 10 to a fluid source, such as an IV bag, or to a fluid receptacle, such as a blood collection system.Lower section 26 preferably further comprises aretraction cavity 36 disposed betweenback end 34 andtransition zone shoulder 30. As shown,back end 34 ofretraction cavity 36 comprises an opening that is closed byend cap 42.Lower section 26 further comprisesaperture 38 disposed in the top wall, slightly forward oftransition zone shoulder 30.Hole 38 aligns withhole 40 in the bottom ofupper section 28, and the alignment ofholes cannula 14 andtubing segment 24. - The opening at
front end 32 oflower section 26 is closed by slidably engagedtubular actuator 18, which comprises handle 44 extending upwardly from the front edge.Actuator 18 is movable from a first position, wherehandle 44 is spaced apart fromfront end 32 oflower section 26, to a second position, wherehandle 44 abuts and is adjacent tofront end 32 oflower section 26.Actuator 18 is desirably sized lengthwise to extend intolower section 26 of housing 12 a sufficient distance to cover andclose hole 38 inlower section 26 whenactuator 18 is moved to the second position abutting againstfront end 32.Actuator 18 also desirably comprises a pair of diametrically opposed latches extending outwardly from the rear end ofactuator 18. As slidingend cap 18 is moved towards its second position, the latches slide over and engage a projection shoulder on the inside wall oflower section 26, thereby lockingactuator 18 in its second position and preventing its removal fromhousing 12. -
Retraction mechanism 13 supports cannula 14 and comprisescannula holder 16,cannula holder plug 46, andspring 22. Following installation ofactuator 18 in the front oflower section 26,cannula holder 16,spring 22 andcannula holder plug 46 are desirably preassembled and inserted intolower section 26 through the opening inback end 34 and throughretraction cavity 36. Prior to insertion, resilientcannula holder plug 46 is desirably inserted into frictional engagement with a recess inside thelarger diameter section 58 ofcannula holder 16.Spring 22 is desirably placed over the smaller diameter front section ofcannula holder 16, where it slides rearwardly into abutting engagement withannular shoulder 52. The assembled unit is then oriented so thatfluid passageway 60 is aligned withaperture 38 in the top wall oflower section 26, and advanced pasttransition zone shoulder 30. As the forwardly extending tip ofcannula holder 16 projects forwardly ofactuator 18,spring 22 seats against the annular shoulder inside the front opening ofactuator 18 and is compressed to the position shown inFIG. 2 .Actuator 18 resists the force of the compressed spring and is prevented from moving forwardly away fromhousing 12 under the spring force by the resilientlatches securing actuator 18 tohousing 12 as previously described. This configuration of elements allowscannula 14 to be in fluid communication withtubing 24, as fluid flows throughhollow cannula 14 andcannula holder 16 intocannula holder plug 46, throughhole 60 in the top ofcannula holder plug 46, throughhole 38 in top ofretraction cavity housing 26, throughhole 40 in the bottom oftubing assembly housing 28 and intotubing 24. Similarly, fluid can flow in the opposite direction and pass fromtubing 24, through alignedholes cannula 14.Rear end cap 42 is installed in the open end oflower section 26 following installation ofcannula 14 andcannula holder plug 46, and is frictionally held insiderear end 34 oflower section 26. - Although
cannula 14 can be secured in fixed relation tocannula holder 16 prior to insertion ofretraction mechanism 13 intohousing 12,cannula 14 is desirably inserted into the bore of projecting tip ofcannula holder 16 aftercannula holder 16 is installed insidehousing 12. As seen inFIG. 2 , the opening at the forwardly extending end ofcannula holder 16 is tapered to facilitate the insertion and attachment ofcannula 14.Cannula 14 can be frictionally held inside the bore ofcannula holder 16 but is desirably attached in fixed relation tocannula holder 16 using glue or any other similarly effective means known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The open portion of the beveled point ofcannula 14 desirably faces upwardly to facilitate insertion into a patient. As shown inFIG. 2 , openback end 62 ofhollow cannula 14 extends throughback end 58 ofcannula holder 16 into openfront section 54 ofcannula holder plug 46. It should be appreciated, however, thatcannula 14 needs only extend into cannula holder 16 a sufficient distance to facilitate reliable engagement between them. - When
device 10 is assembled as described above, compressedspring 22, or any other similarly effective biasing means, biases cannula 14 andcannula holder 16 rearwardly. The frictional holding force exerted againstinside surface 50 of the smaller diameter front portion oflower section 26 bycannula holder plug 46 should be great enough to resist the biasing force exerted againstannular shoulder 52 byspring 22 in combination with the force exerted back againstcannula holder plug 46 throughcannula 14 andcannula holder 16 during insertion ofcannula 14 into a patient. Otherwise,cannula 14 could retract prematurely without movement ofactuator 18 relative tohousing 12. - When the fluid infusion or extraction procedure is complete and retraction of
cannula 14, the user can initiate retraction by applying rearwardly directed pressure to handle 44 while maintaininghousing 12 in a stationary position, either by gripping its textured outside surface portion (visible inFIG. 1 ) or by pressing down on the optional wings (likely already secured to the patient). The manual pressure applied to handle 44 causes actuator 18 to move backwards relative tohousing 12. Desirably, retraction is initiated while the cannula, typically a needle, is still inserted in the patient. Asactuator 18 moves backwards,cannula holder 16 andcannula holder plug 46 are also forced backwards due to the contact betweenback end 64 ofactuator 18 andannular shoulder 52 ofcannula holder 16. It can be observed inFIG. 2 thatback end 64 ofactuator 18 abuts the adjacent portion of forwardly facingannular shoulder 52 ofcannula holder 16, while the rear end of that part ofactuator 18 as depicted beneathspring 22 is slightly separated fromannular shoulder 52. This slight separation causes the rearwardly directed force exerted by the user onhandle 44 to be concentrated against one side ofannular shoulder 52 rather than being evenly distributed around the circumference, and is believed to reduce the manual force required to initiate retraction. - Referring to
FIG. 3 , in response to the rearward movement ofactuator 18, cannula holder plug 46 passes through the transition zone (past shoulder 30) and into largerdiameter retraction cavity 36 oflower section 26. As cannula holder plug 46 moves, the friction force betweenoutside surface 48 ofcannula holder plug 46 and insidewall 50 oflower section 26 is reduced, and as cannula holder plug 46 passes the transition zone and entersretraction cavity 36, the frictional holding force is completely eliminated. At the point where the frictional holding force is sufficiently reduced by the combined finger force of the user as applied throughhandle 44 ofactuator 18 and the biasing force of compressedspring 22,spring 22 forces cannulaholder 16 andcannula holder plug 46 backwards intoretraction cavity 36, thereby simultaneously causingcannula holder 16 to draw the beveled tip ofcannula 14 insidehousing 12. It will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading this disclosure that actuator 18 should be long enough that its range of travel relative tohousing 12 is sufficient to force cannula holder plug 46past shoulder 30. - As shown in
FIG. 3 , following retraction, cannula holder plug 46 desirably abuts, or nearly abuts,rear end cap 42 oflower section 26.Lower section 26 is desirably sized such that the entirety ofcannula 14 is contained withinlower section 26 and does not protrude fromfront end 32. After retraction, the top edge ofactuator 18 blocks the fluid flow path betweencannula 14 andhole 38 in the top oflower section 26. This prevents fluid from escapingtubing 24 that is still connected toupper section 28 ofhousing 12. - Another embodiment of the invention is disclosed and described in relation to
FIGS. 4 and 5 . Referring toFIG. 4 ,device 70 is preferred for use as part of a blood collection apparatus or an IV infusion set.Device 70 comprises a substantially rectangular housing havingfront wall 72 with forwardly projectingconical nose 74;rear wall 92 withopen slot 88;side wall 98; and cooperating, substantially flatbottom wall 104 and a corresponding top wall (not visible in the cross-sectional view) thatinterconnect walls bottom wall 104 and the corresponding top wall (not visible) that areopposite side wall 98 are not visible inFIG. 4 , but extend betweenfront wall 72 andback wall 92 at a point slightly beyond the side ofslot 88 that is farthest removed fromwall 98. Slidingtrack 94, seen behindfront wall 72, is preferably unitarily formed as part offront wall 72. - As shown and described, the housing of
device 70 defines a structure into whichretraction mechanism 76 andactuator 96 are installable.Retraction mechanism 76 preferably further comprisescannula holder 78 having alarger diameter head 80, and a biasing member exerting a rearwardly directed force againstcannula holder 78. A preferred biasing member iscompression spring 86.Retraction mechanism 76 is installable intofront wall 72,nose 74 and slidingtrack 94 of the housing from the rear, preferably prior to the installation ofcannula 84 andactuator 96.Coil spring 86 is placed over the forwardly extending end ofcannula holder 78 andcannula holder 78 is then inserted intonose 74 until the forwardly facing end ofspring 86 seats against the annular shoulder inside the front opening ofnose 74 that is disposed aroundcannula holder 78. Asspring 86 is compressed, a portion ofannular shoulder 82 on the forwardly facing surface ofhead 80 abuts against the rearwardly facing surface offront wall 72 that is adjacent to the opening throughnose 74. Whileretraction mechanism 76 is held in place (as by temporarily clamping the portion ofcannula holder 78 extending forwardly out of nose 74),actuator 96 is desirably inserted into slidingtrack 94 from the side of the housing oppositewall 98, and is moved laterally to a position as shown inFIG. 4 where sealingmember 95 provides a fluid-tight seal permitting fluid flow betweenhead 80 ofcannula holder 78 intofluid flow path 100 ofactuator 96. -
Actuator 96 is preferably an elongate, substantially rectangular body made to slidably engage at least one guide or slidingtrack 94 on the inside of the housing to facilitate lateral movement ofactuator 96 within the housing. The interior ofactuator 96 preferably comprises an in-linefluid flow path 100 defined bywall sections retraction chamber 102 that is offset fromcannula 84 whileactuator 96 is in the use position. Resilient sealingmember 95, preferably an elastomeric O-ring or another similarly effective sealing member, is disposed in a recess at the forward end offluid flow path 100 throughactuator 96, where it can provide sealing engagement with the rearwardly facing surface ofenlarged head 80 ofcannula holder 78. It will be observed that resilient sealingmember 95 seals against fluid leakage either into or out offluid flow path 100. - When actuator 96 is positioned as shown in
FIG. 4 ,spring 86 is maintained in its compressed state and continuously biases cannulaholder 78 in a rearward direction until such time asactuator 96 is selectively repositioned following use ofdevice 70. Onceretraction mechanism 76 andactuator 96 are installed inside the housing, the rear end ofcannula 84 can be inserted into the axial bore ofcannula 78 and glued or otherwise secured in place. Although not shown, a frictionally engageable, removable protective cover is desirably provided forcannula 84 following its installation incannula holder 78. - Prior to use,
device 70 is preferably connected to a fluid source or fluid receptacle by means of aflexible tubing segment 90 that is insertable into or otherwise attachable totubing connector 103 throughslot 88 by conventional means. When actuator 96 is positioned as shown inFIG. 4 , a substantially linear fluid flow path is established betweencannula 84 andtubing segment 90.Tubing connector 103 can be a section of the bore insideactuator 96 that is tapered slightly to receive and frictionally engage a free end oftubing segment 90, or can be configured for attachment of a tubing segment by other known means such as, for example, luer connectors, threaded connectors, clamps, adhesive, and the like.Tubing segment 90 is preferably flexible polymeric tubing of any length and material that are suitable for the intended use. When configured as shown inFIG. 4 ,device 70 can be used to transfer fluids from an external source to be discharged through the cannula, or can be extracted or withdrawn from an external source through the cannula and subsequently discharged from the end oftubing segment 90 that is opposite totubing connector 103. - Following use, retraction is initiated by moving
actuator 96 from its use position to its retraction position by applying manual force toactuator 96 in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis throughcannula 84 andcannula holder 78. Referring toFIG. 5 , asactuator 96 is moved laterally towardwall 98,fluid flow path 100 throughactuator 96 is shifted laterally into a position where it is no longer opposed to head 80 ofcannula holder 78. Simultaneously,head 80 is acted upon by the biasing force of compressedspring 86 to propelcannula holder 78 intoretraction cavity 102 ofactuator 96, thereby withdrawingcannula 84 inside the housing. To produce this result, it will be apparent that the distance betweenback wall 92 and the front tip ofnose 74 must be sufficiently great to receive the pointed end ofcannula 84 at least intonose 74. Also, the length ofuncompressed spring 86 is desirably such thathead 80 will be maintained a sufficient distance from the front opening ofnose 74 that the tip ofcannula 84 does not again protrude from the front ofdevice 70 following retraction, particularly ifdevice 70 is rotated to a vertical position with the cannula pointing down. - Another embodiment of the invention, in which the actuator is repositioned arcuately relative to the housing to initiate retraction, is described in relation to
FIGS. 6-10 . Referring first toFIGS. 6-8 ,medical device 110 is disclosed that compriseshousing 112,actuator 114, aretraction mechanism 118, and a forwardly projecting cannula, preferablyneedle 122.Housing 112 further comprises a hollow body having substantially flat top and bottom surfaces, aninclined finger pad 134, a forwardly extending,open neck 136, open side and back sections includingactuator stop rail 140, recessedwall section 168, and aligned, oppositely disposedapertures 126 for pivotably attachingactuator 114 tohousing 112. -
Actuator 114 preferably comprisesactuator contact surface 132,contact surface 166,actuator positioning rail 138, outwardly projecting mountingbosses 128 insertable into mating engagement withapertures 126 ofhousing 112, andtubing aperture 130.Retraction mechanism 118 preferably comprises a needle holder having a forwardly extending,small diameter portion 106 and a larger-diameter head 108 disposed rearwardly ofsmall diameter portion 106.Compression spring 116 is configured to slide oversmall diameter portion 106 and to abut against the forwardly facing annular surface ofhead 108. A sealing member, preferably O-ring 120, is further described below. - Referring to
FIG. 9 , the retraction mechanism is inserted intoneck 136 ofhousing 112 from the rear, withsmall diameter portion 106 of the needle holder projecting forwardly through the opening in the front.Spring 116 slidably engagessmall diameter portion 106 and the forward end ofspring 116 is seated against an annular shoulder adjacent to the front opening insideneck 136. The other end ofspring 116 abuts against an annular shoulder ofhead 108.Spring 116 is compressed, and is maintained in the pre-retraction position by an opposing force exerted againsthead 108 byactuator 114.Actuator 114 is disposed in its use position relative tohousing 112, with mountingbosses 128 pivotably inserted intoapertures 126 and withcontact surface 166 abutting against the inside surface ofhousing 112 that is adjacent to recessedwall section 168.Actuator 114 comprisesfluid flow path 154 bounded bywalls retraction cavity 164.Space 124 inhousing 112 is provided to receive a portion ofactuator 114 when it is repositioned to terminate fluid flow and initiate retraction. - With
actuator 114 in this position,fluid flow path 154 throughactuator 114 is disposed in fluid communication withaxial passageway 144 through the needle holder and with the inside ofneedle 122. Sealingmember 120, seated inrecess 148, desirably provides fluid-tight sealing engagement between the forward end ofwalls head 108 of the needle holder. This sealing engagement is facilitated by anannular shoulder 146 ofhead 108.Tubing connector 156 desirably comprises outwardly taperingwalls 142 at the rear end offluid flow path 154 and is adapted to receive and engage an end of tubing segment 162 (shown in phantom outline). Projectingboss 158 ofhousing 112, located adjacent to the forwardly facing end ofretraction cavity 164 is provided to prevent actuator 114 from inadvertently being moved from the pre-retraction position to the retraction position. In practice, the spacing betweenboss 158 and facingsurface 160 ofactuator 114 is desirably less than that shown for illustrative purposes inFIG. 9 . - After the transfer of fluids through
device 110 in either direction has been completed to the extent desired, the fluid flow is easily terminated by repositioningactuator 114 relative tohousing 112 by applying pressure againstactuator contact surface 132, which causes actuator 114 to pivot in the direction shown byarrow 160. Although some manual pressure is required to overcome the resistance of pushingsurface 160 overboss 158 and to move sealingmember 120past head 108, the required force is desirably such that it can easily be applied by an adult user. It will again be observed that resilient sealingmember 120 seals against fluid leakage either into or out offluid flow path 154. - Referring to
FIG. 10 , afteractuator 114 is repositioned relative tohousing 112 as shown, fluid flow betweenneedle 122 andtubing segment 162 is blocked,fluid flow path 154 is offset from the opening throughneck 136 and frompassageway 144 throughhead 108. Furthermore, as soon aswall 150 clearshead 108,retraction cavity 164 is pivoted into coaxial alignment with the opening throughneck 136, and the biasing force ofcompressed spring 122 projects the needle holder into the retraction cavity, simultaneously withdrawing the tip ofneedle 122 from the patient and intohousing 112 to avoid accidental needle sticks and prevent reuse ofdevice 110. - Another embodiment of the invention is described in relation to
FIGS. 11-16 . This embodiment is particularly preferred for use in collecting fluids comprising gases, such as arterial blood gases, intended for subsequent analysis, and also comprises an actuator that is repositioned arcuately relative to the housing to initiate retraction. Referring first toFIGS. 11-14 ,medical device 200 is disclosed that compriseshousing 226,actuator 204,needle holder 220,spring 222,hermetic sealing element 218 and forwardly projectingneedle 224.Housing 226 further comprises a hollow body having substantially flat top andbottom surfaces 202, oppositely disposed and integrally formed finger grips with texturedgripping surfaces 206, a forwardly extending,tapered neck 238 withopening 228, an open side and back, and aligned, oppositely disposedapertures 230 for pivotably attachingactuator 204 tohousing 226.Protective cover 232 is desirably provided to protectneedle 224 prior to use, and should be removed fromneedle 224 prior to use. -
Actuator 204 preferably comprisesactuator contact surface 234, outwardly projecting mountingbosses 212 insertable into mating engagement withapertures 230 ofhousing 204,retraction cavity 216,recess 214 around the opening of the fluid flow path, and atubing connector 208 that extends rearwardly fromhousing 226. Referring toFIGS. 13 and 14 ,tubing connector 208 further comprises half of aLuer connector 236 to facilitate attachment ofdevice 200 to another fluid source or receptacle, depending upon the intended use. - Referring to
FIGS. 15-16 , the retraction mechanism is installed by inserting it intoaxial passageway 250 throughneck 238 of the housing from the rear, withsmall diameter portion 221 ofneedle holder 220 projecting forwardly throughopening 228 in the front.Spring 222 slidably engagessmall diameter portion 221 and the forward end ofspring 222 is seated against anannular shoulder 252 adjacent tofront opening 228 ofneck 238. The other end ofspring 222 abuts against an annular shoulder oflarger diameter head 223 ofneedle holder 220.Spring 222 is compressed, and is maintained in the pre-retraction position by an opposing force exerted againsthead 223 byactuator 204.Actuator 204 is disposed in its use position relative tohousing 226 with mountingbosses 212 pivotably inserted into apertures 230 (FIG. 12 ) and withactuator contact surface 234 abutting against the inside surface ofhousing 226 that is underneath the nearest adjacent texturedgripping surface 206.Actuator 204 comprisesfluid flow path 242 andretraction cavity 216.Space 244 inhousing 226 is provided to receive a portion ofactuator 204 when it is repositioned to terminate fluid flow and initiate retraction. - With
actuator 204 in the position shown inFIG. 15 ,fluid flow path 242 throughactuator 204 is disposed in fluid communication withaxial passageway 225 through the needle holder and withaxial passageway 258 insideneedle 224. Hermetic sealingmember 246, seated inrecess 214, desirably provides fluid-tight sealing engagement between the forward end offluid flow path 242 andhead 223 of the needle holder.Tubing connector 208 desirably comprises steppedbore 240 providing fluid communication withfluid flow path 242. Projectingboss 235 ofhousing 226, located adjacent to the forwardly facing end ofretraction cavity 216 is provided to prevent the actuator from being moved inadvertently from the pre-retraction position to the retraction position shown inFIG. 16 . - Referring to
FIG. 16 , after the transfer of fluids throughdevice 200 in either direction has been completed to the extent desired, the fluid flow is easily terminated by repositioning the actuator relative tohousing 226 by applying pressure againstactuator contact surface 234, which causes the actuator to pivot in the direction shown byarrow 260. Although some manual pressure is required to overcome the resistance of pushing surface 237 (FIG. 15 ) overboss 235 and to move sealingmember 246past head 223, the required force is desirably within the range that can be applied smoothly by an adult user. After the actuator is repositioned relative tohousing 112 as shown inFIG. 16 , fluid flow betweenneedle 224 andtubing connector 208 is blocked,fluid flow path 242 is offset from the opening throughpassageways retraction cavity 164 is pivoted into coaxial alignment with thepassageways compressed spring 224 projects needleholder needle 224 from the patient and intohousing 226 to avoid accidental needle sticks and prevent reuse. - Another embodiment of the invention is described in relation to
FIGS. 17-20 . This embodiment, which is particularly preferred for use in extracting, collecting or infusing fluids, also comprises an actuator that is repositioned rotationally, most preferably arcuately, relative to the housing to initiate retraction. Referring first toFIGS. 17-18 ,medical device 300 is disclosed that compriseshousing 304,actuator 316,needle holder 312,spring 310, sealingelement 314 and forwardly projectingneedle 308.Housing 304 further comprises a hollow body having substantially flat top and bottom surfaces, oppositely disposed and integrally formed finger grips with texturedgripping surfaces 340, a forwardly extending,tapered neck 306 with a forwardly extending opening, an open side and back, and aligned, oppositely disposedapertures 324 for pivotably attachingactuator 316 tohousing 304.Protective cover 302 is desirably provided to protectneedle 308 prior to use, and should be removed fromneedle 308 prior to use. - Referring to
FIGS. 18 and 19 , in this embodiment of the invention, anexternal connector body 322 is provided that is attachable tofluid flow passage 328 throughactuator 316 by means oftubing segment 318 having a length that is appropriate for attachment of another device (not shown) that is either a source of, or receptacle for, fluids to be infused into or extracted from, a patient. Referring toFIG. 19 , tubing segment 318 (which can range in length, for example, from one to four feet or more) is preferably inserted into the rear ofactuator 316 and glued, welded, clamped or otherwise secured in place to establish fluid communication withfluid flow path 328, and is likewise attachable toconnector body 322 through an opening innose 320, thereby establishing fluid communication with steppedaxial bore 332 throughconnector body 322.Connector 334 at the rear ofconnector body 322 is desirably provided, most preferably with half of a standard Luer connector, to facilitate attachment to another device, preferably a fluid source or receptacle. The end of tubing segment inserted intonose 320 ofconnector body 322 is also preferably attached using an adhesive or by any other suitable conventional means.Connector body 322 can also optionally be provided with oppositely directedstabilization wings 336 if desired for use in securingconnector body 322 to another surface or article. - Prior to the installation of
actuator 316 insidehousing 304, the retraction mechanism comprisingneedle holder 312 andspring 310 is preferably installed by inserting it intoneck 306 ofhousing 304 from the rear as previously described in relation to the embodiment ofFIGS. 11-17 , with the smaller diameter portion ofneedle holder 312 projecting forwardly through the opening in the front ofneck 306.Spring 310 is compressed during installation, and is maintained in the pre-retraction position by an opposing force exerted against the head ofneedle holder 312 byactuator 316. InFIG. 19 ,actuator 316 is disposed in its use position insidehousing 304 as previously described foractuator 204 in relation tohousing 226 ofFIG. 15 .Actuator 316 comprisesfluid flow path 328 andretraction cavity 330.Space 326 inhousing 304 is provided to receive a portion ofactuator 316 when it is repositioned to terminate fluid flow and initiate retraction. - With
actuator 316 in the position shown inFIG. 19 ,fluid flow path 328 throughactuator 316 is disposed in fluid communication with axial passageway throughneedle holder 312 and with theaxial passageway 258 insideneedle 308.Elastomeric sealing member 314 desirably provides fluid-tight sealing engagement between the forward end offluid flow path 328 and the head ofneedle holder 312. The rear portion offluid flow path 328 desirably comprises tapering walls to receive and engage an end oftubing segment 318 as previously described. A projecting boss as previously described in relation toboss 235 ofhousing 226 ofFIG. 15 is desirably located adjacent to the forwardly facing end ofretraction cavity 330 to prevent actuator 316 from being moved inadvertently from the pre-retraction position ofFIG. 19 to the retraction position shown inFIG. 20 . - Referring to
FIG. 20 , after the transfer of fluids throughdevice 300 in either direction has been completed to the extent desired, the fluid flow is easily terminated by repositioningactuator 316 relative tohousing 304 by applying pressure against the actuator contact surface as indicated byarrow 338, which causes actuator 316 to pivot in the direction shown byarrow 338. After the actuator is repositioned relative tohousing 304 as shown inFIG. 20 , fluid flow betweenneedle 308 andtubing connector body 322 is blocked, andfluid flow path 328 is offset from the opening throughnose 306. Furthermore, as soon asretraction cavity 330 is pivoted into coaxial alignment with the opening throughneck 306 ofhousing 304, the biasing force ofcompressed spring 308 forces needleholder 312 intoretraction cavity 330, simultaneously withdrawing the tip ofneedle 308 from the patient and intohousing 304 to avoid accidental needlesticks and prevent reuse, thereby reducing the related potential for spreading fluid-borne pathogens to another person. - As disclosed herein, all housings, actuators, cannula holders, protective covers, end caps and tubing connectors can be made of any suitable material such as, for example, plastic, metal, ceramic, glass, or the like. For medical application such as IV infusion and blood collection, the use of molded polypropylene is preferred. Similarly, depending upon the intended use or application, cannulas suitable for use in the invention can be made of metal, plastic or ceramic materials, with metal being preferred. Resilient parts used as fluid sealing members or cannula holder plugs are desirably made of rubber, other elastomeric polymers, or rubber-modified plastic.
- When using the devices disclosed in relation to
FIGS. 1-5 , and assuming that the housing is maintained in a stationary position during retraction, a tubing segment connected to the rear of the device is not moved axially, laterally or directionally when the actuator is repositioned to terminate the fluid flow and withdraw the cannula into the housing. When using the devices ofFIGS. 6-20 , wherein flow is terminated and the cannula is retracted by arcuate repositioning of the actuator as it pivots relative to the housing, the axial, lateral and directional movements of an attached tubing segment are slight compared to the travel distance previously associated with the use of conventional devices. - Other alterations and modifications of the invention will likewise become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the present disclosure, and it is intended that the scope of the invention disclosed herein be limited only by the broadest interpretation of the appended claims to which the inventors are legally entitled.
Claims (87)
1. A device comprising:
a housing;
a cannula projecting from the housing;
a connector attachable to a fluid source or receptacle external to the device;
a fluid flow path permitting fluid flow between the cannula and the connector; and
an actuator having at least a portion that is movable to displace some part of the fluid flow path and thereby terminate or redirect the fluid flow, and to initiate retraction of the cannula.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the actuator is movable axially relative to the housing.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein the actuator is movable rotationally relative to the housing.
4. The device of claim 3 wherein the actuator is movable pivotally relative to the housing.
5. The device of claim 3 wherein the actuator is movable arcuately relative to the housing.
6. The device of claim 1 wherein the connector is part of the actuator.
7. The device of claim 6 wherein a portion of the fluid flow path is part of the actuator.
8. The device of claim 1 wherein the actuator is movable to terminate or redirect fluid flow through at least part of the fluid flow path.
9. The device of claim 1 wherein the device is a medical device.
10. The device of claim 1 wherein the fluid is selected from the group consisting of liquids, gases, suspensions and slurries.
11. The device of claim 1 when used as a clamp in a fluid flow line.
12. The device of claim 1 , further comprising at least one sealing element configured to prevent fluid leakage into or out of the fluid flow path.
13. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a retraction cavity.
14. The device of claim 13 wherein the reaction cavity is part of the actuator.
15. The device of claim 13 wherein the retraction cavity is disposed in side-by-side relation to at least part of the fluid flow path.
16. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a cannula retraction mechanism.
17. The device of claim 16 wherein the cannula retraction mechanism further comprises a cannula holder and a compressed spring.
18. The device of claim 12 wherein the at least one sealing element is an elastomeric O-ring.
19. The device of claim 12 wherein the sealing element is disposed between the actuator and a cannula holder.
20. A device comprising:
a housing;
a cannula projecting from the housing;
a retraction mechanism operable to move the cannula into the housing;
a connector disposed rearwardly of the retraction mechanism, the connector being attachable to an external fluid source or receptacle;
a fluid flow path establishing fluid communication between the cannula and the connector; and
an actuator having at least a portion that is selectively movable between a first position and a second position relative to the housing, the actuator permitting fluid flow through the fluid flow path when disposed in the first position and preventing or redirecting fluid flow when disposed in the second position;
wherein movement of the actuator from the first position to the second position also initiates retraction of the cannula.
21. A device comprising:
a housing;
a cannula projecting from the housing;
a connector disposed opposite the cannula that is connectable to a fluid source or receptacle;
a fluid flow path establishing fluid communication between the cannula and the connector;
a cannula retraction mechanism supported by the housing; and
an actuator supported by the housing, at least a portion of the actuator being selectively movable relative to the housing between a first position and a second position, the actuator permitting fluid flow through the fluid flow path when disposed in the first position and preventing or redirecting fluid flow when disposed in the second position;
wherein movement of the actuator from the first position to the second position also initiates retraction of the cannula.
22. A medical device as recited in claim 21 .
23. The medical device of claim 22 wherein the connector is one part of a luer connector.
24. The medical device of claim 22 wherein the cannula is a needle.
25. The medical device of claim 22 configured for use as part of a fluid infusion apparatus.
26. The medical device of claim 22 configured for use as part of a fluid collection apparatus.
27. The medical device of claim 25 wherein the fluid comprises medicine.
28. The medical device of claim 22 wherein the fluid source is a syringe.
29. The medical device of claim 25 configured for use in a vascular infusion system.
30. The device of claim 21 wherein the retraction mechanism comprises a cannula holder and a compressed spring.
31. The device of claim 21 wherein the actuator comprises at least a portion of the fluid flow path.
32. The device of claim 21 wherein the retraction mechanism biases the cannula away from its projecting position.
33. The device of claim 21 wherein the actuator comprises a retraction cavity.
34. The device of claim 33 comprising a retraction cavity that is spaced apart from the fluid flow path.
35. The device of claim 21 wherein at least a portion of the actuator is slidably disposed inside the housing.
36. The device of claim 21 wherein at least a portion of the actuator is rotatably connected to the housing.
37. The device of claim 36 wherein at least a portion of the actuator is mounted in pivotable relation to the housing.
38. The device of claim 21 wherein the connector is part of the actuator.
39. The device of claim 21 wherein the connector is attached to a tubing segment.
40. The device of claim 21 when configured for use as a clamp in a fluid infusion or extraction system.
41. The device of claim 21 wherein movement of the actuator from the first position to the second position realigns at least part of the fluid flow path.
42. The device of claim 21 wherein movement of the actuator from the first position to the second position displaces at least part of the fluid flow path.
43. The device of claim 21 wherein movement of the actuator from the first position to the second position redirects at least part of the fluid flow path.
44. The device of claim 21 wherein movement of the actuator from the first position to the second position terminates the fluid flow.
45. The device of claim 21 , further comprising a sealing member restricting fluid leakage between the actuator and housing.
46. The device of claim 21 , further comprising a sealing member restricting fluid leakage into or out of the fluid flow path.
47. The device of claim 39 wherein the tubing segment has an end portion that is held in substantially fixed relation to the connector by friction.
48. The device of claim 39 wherein the tubing segment is clamped onto the connector.
49. The device of claim 39 wherein the tubing segment has an end portion that is held in substantially fixed relation to the connector by adhesive.
50. The device of claim 21 , further comprising a removable cover for the cannula.
51. The device of claim 50 wherein the removable cover is attachable to the housing.
52. The device of claim 21 wherein the housing comprises laterally extending finger grips to facilitate handling by a user.
53. The device of claim 21 wherein the housing comprises laterally extending wings that facilitate securement of the housing to an underlying support surface.
54. The device of claim 39 wherein the tubing segment is not moved rearwardly by movement of the actuator from the first position to the second position.
55. A medical device useful for infusion therapy or fluid extraction, the device comprising:
a housing;
a cannula having a tip projecting from the housing;
a cannula holder supporting the cannula;
a connector attachable to a fluid source or receptacle;
a normally open fluid flow path providing fluid communication between the cannula and the connector;
an actuator supported by the housing and movable from a first position to a second position relative to the housing; and
a retraction member biasing the cannula holder toward a position where the cannula tip does not project from the housing;
wherein movement of the actuator from the first position to the second position terminates fluid flow through the fluid flow path by repositioning at least part of the normally open fluid flow path.
56. The medical device of claim 55 wherein movement of the actuator from the first position to the second position allows the cannula tip to be retracted inside the housing by the retraction member.
57. The medical device of claim 55 wherein the actuator is movable longitudinally relative to the cannula.
58. The medical device of claim 55 wherein the actuator is movable laterally relative to the cannula.
59. The medical device of claim 55 wherein the actuator is movable arcuately relative to the cannula.
60. The medical device of claim 55 wherein the actuator is slidable relative to the housing.
61. The medical device of claim 60 wherein the actuator is slidably disposed inside the housing.
62. The medical device of claim 59 wherein the actuator is pivotably connected to the housing.
63. The medical device of claim 55 used as a vascular access device.
64. Apparatus comprising the medical device of claim 55 when used to infuse a fluid.
65. Apparatus comprising the medical device of claim 55 when used to extract a fluid.
66. Apparatus comprising the medical device of claim 65 when used to extract a body fluid.
67. Apparatus comprising the medical device of claim 65 when used to extract a fluid comprising a flowable cellular mass.
68. Apparatus comprising the medical device of claim 55 when used to infuse medicine.
69. The medical device of claim 55 wherein the at least part of the fluid flow path is an elongate bore disposed inside the actuator.
70. The medical device of claim 55 wherein the housing further comprises a retraction cavity.
71. The medical device of claim 55 wherein the retraction cavity is disposed in side-by-side relation to the fluid flow path.
72. The medical device of claim 55 wherein the actuator further comprises a retraction cavity.
73. The medical device of claim 55 wherein the connector comprises a female luer fitting.
74. The medical device of claim 55 further comprising a fluid sealing member disposed at an end of the fluid flow path.
75. The medical device of claim 55 where the fluid sealing member is an O-ring disposed in a recess surrounding an end of the fluid flow path.
76. The medical device of claim 55 wherein the fluid is selected from the group consisting of liquids, gases, suspensions and slurries.
77. The medical device of claim 55 , further comprising a seal disposed circumferentially between the cannula holder and the fluid flow path of the actuator.
78. The medical device of claim 77 wherein the seal is a hermetic seal.
79. The medical device of claim 77 wherein the seal is repositionable relative to the housing.
80. The medical device of claim 55 , further comprising a removable protective cover for the cannula tip.
81. The medical device of claim 55 wherein an external tube is attached to the connector and wherein retraction of the cannula does not cause axial movement of the tube.
82. The medical device of claim 55 wherein the retraction member is a spring.
83. The medical device of claim 82 wherein the retraction member is a compressed spring.
84. The medical device of claim 55 , further comprising stabilization wings.
85. The medical device of claim 55 wherein the housing further comprises laterally extending finger grips.
86. A medical device comprising:
a housing;
a cannula projecting from the housing;
a connector attachable to a fluid source or receptacle external to the device;
a fluid flow path permitting fluid flow between the cannula and the fluid source or receptacle; and
an actuator having at least a portion that is movable relative to the housing to displace some part of the fluid flow path and thereby terminate or redirect the fluid flow, and to initiate retraction of the cannula.
87. The medical device of claim 86 , where the displaced part of the fluid flow path is offset from the fluid flow path prior to displacement.
Priority Applications (28)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/136,462 US20090306601A1 (en) | 2008-06-10 | 2008-06-10 | Fluid Flow Control Device with Retractable Cannula |
JP2011513511A JP5508404B2 (en) | 2008-06-10 | 2009-03-20 | Fluid flow control device with retractable cannula |
RU2010154095/14A RU2500436C2 (en) | 2008-06-10 | 2009-03-20 | Fluid flow control device with draw cannula |
UAA201100228A UA101667C2 (en) | 2008-06-10 | 2009-03-20 | Normal;heading 1;heading 2;heading 3;MEDICINAL INFUSION AND SAMPLING DEVICE FOR BODILY FLUIDS |
EP09762998.4A EP2285437B1 (en) | 2008-06-10 | 2009-03-20 | Fluid flow control device with retractable cannula |
KR1020117000202A KR101618039B1 (en) | 2008-06-10 | 2009-03-20 | Fluid flow control device with retractable cannula |
BRPI0913442A BRPI0913442B8 (en) | 2008-06-10 | 2009-03-20 | fluid flow device with retractable cannula |
CA2724197A CA2724197C (en) | 2008-06-10 | 2009-03-20 | Fluid flow control device with retractable cannula |
ES09762998.4T ES2663531T3 (en) | 2008-06-10 | 2009-03-20 | Fluid flow control device with retractable cannula |
MX2010013589A MX2010013589A (en) | 2008-06-10 | 2009-03-20 | Fluid flow control device with retractable cannula. |
PCT/US2009/037742 WO2009151704A1 (en) | 2008-06-10 | 2009-03-20 | Fluid flow control device with retractable cannula |
AU2009258050A AU2009258050B2 (en) | 2008-06-10 | 2009-03-20 | Fluid flow control device with retractable cannula |
TW098109908A TWI401099B (en) | 2008-06-10 | 2009-03-26 | Fluid flow control device with retractable cannula |
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US14/020,440 US9814841B2 (en) | 2008-06-10 | 2013-09-06 | Medical device with sliding frontal attachment and retractable needle |
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