US20090154856A1 - Wheel Support Bearing Assembly and Method of Manufacturing the Same - Google Patents
Wheel Support Bearing Assembly and Method of Manufacturing the Same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090154856A1 US20090154856A1 US12/086,000 US8600006A US2009154856A1 US 20090154856 A1 US20090154856 A1 US 20090154856A1 US 8600006 A US8600006 A US 8600006A US 2009154856 A1 US2009154856 A1 US 2009154856A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- inner race
- hub axle
- crimping
- race segment
- plastically deformed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/18—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
- F16C19/181—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
- F16C19/183—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles
- F16C19/184—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement
- F16C19/186—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement with three raceways provided integrally on parts other than race rings, e.g. third generation hubs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B27/00—Hubs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B27/00—Hubs
- B60B27/0005—Hubs with ball bearings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B27/00—Hubs
- B60B27/0078—Hubs characterised by the fixation of bearings
- B60B27/0084—Hubs characterised by the fixation of bearings caulking to fix inner race
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B27/00—Hubs
- B60B27/0094—Hubs one or more of the bearing races are formed by the hub
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
- F16C33/586—Details of specific parts of races outside the space between the races, e.g. end faces or bore of inner ring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C43/00—Assembling bearings
- F16C43/04—Assembling rolling-contact bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
- F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
- F16C2326/02—Wheel hubs or castors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
- Y10T29/49643—Rotary bearing
- Y10T29/49647—Plain bearing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
- Y10T29/49643—Rotary bearing
- Y10T29/49679—Anti-friction bearing or component thereof
- Y10T29/49686—Assembling of cage and rolling anti-friction members
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wheel support bearing assembly for rotatably supporting a vehicle wheel such as used in, for example, an automotive vehicle and a method of manufacturing such wheel support bearing assembly.
- the wheel support bearing assembly for the support of a vehicle drive wheel of a structure shown in FIG. 18 has hitherto been suggested. See, for example, the Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 09-164803.
- This known wheel support bearing assembly includes double rows of ball-shaped rolling elements 25 operatively interposed between raceway surfaces 23 defined in an outer member 21 and raceway surfaces 24 defined in an inner member 22 , respectively.
- the inner member 22 referred to above is comprised of a hub axle 29 , having an outer periphery formed with a radially outwardly extending hub flange 29 a for the support of the vehicle wheel, and an inner race segment 30 mounted externally on a portion of the outer periphery of the hub axle 29 on an inboard side.
- the hub axle 29 has an axial bore 31 defined therein, into which a stem portion 33 a of an outer race 33 of a constant velocity universal joint is inserted and then splined to the hub axle 29 .
- an annular shoulder 33 b of the constant velocity universal joint outer race 33 is urged against an inboard end face 30 a of the inner race segment 30 .
- a nut 34 is threadingly mounted on a free end of the stem portion 33 a , the inner member 22 can be axially clamped between the constant velocity universal joint outer race 33 and the nut 34 .
- the inner race segment 30 is externally mounted on a radially inwardly depressed inner race mount 35 , defined in an outer periphery of an inboard end portion of the hub axle 29 .
- An inboard inner peripheral edge portion of the inner race segment 30 that is delimited between an annular inboard end face thereof and an inner peripheral surface thereof, is depleted axially inwardly of the inner race segment 30 to define a stepped area 36 , so that when the inboard end portion of the hub axle 29 is deformed by a orbital forging to have a radially outwardly expanded diameter, the plastically deformed portion 29 b can be crimped in position within the stepped area 36 in the inner race segment 30 .
- the stepped area 36 formed in the inboard end portion of the inner race segment 30 must have a large radial step (of a size having a radial difference of, for example, about 5 to 7 mm). If the size of the stepped area 36 is so large as described above, the surface area of the inboard end face 30 a of the inner race segment 30 decreases correspondingly, resulting in an increase of the contact pressure between it and the shoulder 33 b of the constant velocity universal joint outer race 33 . For this reason, the known wheel support bearing assembly of the structure discussed above, when used in an actual automotive vehicle, tend to involve a cause of frictional wear and/or abnormal noises.
- the stepped area 36 in the inner race segment 30 must have an increased axial length (for example, about 7 to 8 mm).
- the use of the stepped area 36 in the inner race segment of the increased axial length may result in a tendency of the inner race stepped area 36 to assume a position on a linear line defining the angle of contact of the rolling elements and, therefore, there is the possibility that the lifetime will be reduced as a result of a considerable deformation of the inner race segment under the influence of a load imposed during the operation.
- the use of the inner race stepped area 36 of the increased axial length may also result in a reduction of the length (surface area), over which the inner race segment 30 is engaged on the hub axle 29 , by a quantity corresponding to that reduced and, accordingly, the lifetime of the wheel support bearing assembly may be reduced as a result of occurrence of a creepage in the inner race segment.
- the increase of the axial length of the inner race segment may result in a requirement to increase an extra space in the axial direction.
- the present invention is intended to provide a wheel support bearing assembly, which is effective to avoid a possible detachment of the inner race segment during assemblage onto an automotive vehicle without the bearing functionality being affected adversely, and, also, to provide a method of manufacturing such wheel support bearing assembly.
- the present invention provides a wheel support bearing assembly for rotatably supporting a vehicle drive wheel, which includes an outer member having an inner periphery formed with a double row of raceway surfaces, an inner member having raceway surfaces formed therein and opposite to those raceway surfaces in the outer member, and a double row of rolling elements each row operatively interposed between the respective raceway surfaces in the outer and inner members.
- the inner member referred to above is made up of a hub axle, having a wheel mounting hub flange formed in an outer periphery thereof and also having a center bore, and an inner race segment mounted on an outer periphery of an inboard end portion of the hub axle, with the raceway surfaces being defined respectively in the hub axle and the inner race segment.
- the inner race segment has an inner peripheral surface provided with an annular stepped area that extends to an inboard end face of the inner race segment and has a small depth defined at an inner peripheral edge of the inboard end face of the inner race segment.
- This annular stepped area is of a shape made up of a straight area portion in the form of a cylindrical surface and an inclined surface portion continued from an outboard end of the straight area portion to the inner peripheral surface of the inner race segment, and a plastically deformed portion engageable with the inclined surface portion of the annular stepped area in the inner race segment as a result of crimping of the hub axle is provided in the hub axle.
- the wheel support bearing assembly of the present invention is of a structure, in which the plastically deformed portion of the hub axle is engaged with the inclined surface portion of the annular stepped area in the inner race segment to thereby avoid detachment of the inner race segment.
- the stepped area of the inner race segment extends a very limited range to the inner peripheral edge of the inner race segment, it is possible to minimize the size of the annular stepped area while securing a bearing strength against a possible detachment of the inner race segment.
- any possible reduction in surface area of the inner race segment end face can be minimized even though the annular stepped area is employed, an undesirable increase of the contact pressure between it and an end face of the constant velocity universal joint outer race can be suppressed and generation of frictional wear and/or abnormal noises, which would result from occurrence of creepage in the inner race segment, can be avoided. Accordingly, even though the annular stepped area in the inner race segment inner peripheral surface is reduced in size as hereinabove described, a sufficient bearing strength against a possible detachment of the inner race segment, which would otherwise occur during assemblage of the bearing assembly onto an automotive vehicle, can be obtained.
- the inner race segment stepped area is reduced in size as much as possible to such an extent that the bearing strength against the possible inner race segment detachment will not be affected adversely, it is possible to avoid the possible inner race segment detachment during the assemblage onto the automotive vehicle without the bearing functionality being affected adversely.
- the problem associated with the inner race segment detachment tends to occur during the assemblage onto the automotive vehicle and, since at the time of completion of the assemblage it is firmly connected in position between the outer race of the constant velocity universal joint and a fastening element, the required bearing strength against the possible inner race segment detachment can be secured even with such a small annular stepped area as described above.
- the plastically deformed portion referred to above is formed by urging a crimping punch having a front end portion, the outer peripheral surface of which is tapered, into an inner periphery of the inboard end portion of the hub axle to allow it to have an expanded diameter.
- the process to be performed on the inboard end portion of the hub axle is performed by the crimping punch having the front end portion of which outer peripheral surface is tapered, which is pressed into the inner periphery of the inboard end portion of the hub axle, the process can be easily and readily performed without the crimping punch interfering with the inner race segment during the crimping and pressing.
- the plastically deformed portion of the hub axle can be easily plastically deformed along the inclined surface portion of the inner race segment stepped area. Because of this, the crimping process can be properly performed and securement of the bearing strength can be further assured.
- the inclined surface portion referred to above is preferably a tapered surface and the plastically deformed portion will neither project outwardly from the end face of the inner race segment, nor contact the straight area portion of the annular stepped area.
- the plastically deformed portion in the hub axle undergoes a plastic deformation so as to contact tightly with no gap formed and, therefore, an excellent reliability can be obtained in engagement with the annular stepped area. Accordingly, the crimping of the plastically deformed portion can be accomplished easily.
- the plastically deformed portion does not contact the straight area portion in the inner race segment stepped area when the plastically deformed portion in the hub axle is crimped and pressed, no excessive load will act on portions of the inner race segment and portions of the hub axle other than the plastically deformed portion and it is possible to minimize a deformation of a portion of the hub axle, with which the stem portion of the constant velocity universal joint is engaged, and expansion of the inner race segment. Accordingly, it is possible to avoid the bearing functionality from being affected adversely.
- the plastically deformed portion referred to above does not protrude outwardly beyond the end face of the inner race segment and the crimping punch is of a design in which a corner between the tapered surface and the front end face is chamfered.
- the crimping process applied to the inboard end portion of the hub axle is carried out by pressing the crimping punch, in which the outer peripheral surface thereof is tapered and the corner between this tapered surface and the front end face is chamfered, into the inner peripheral surface of the inboard end portion of the hub axle, it is possible to accomplish a diameter expansion and crimping process to a required degree of processing without allowing the crimping punch to interfere with the hub axle during the crimping and pressing.
- the plastically deformed portion does not protrude outwardly beyond the end face of the inner race segment
- a hub axle mounting surface which is an inner diametric surface portion of the inner race segment that is continued from the annular stepped area, is rendered to be a ground surface
- a transit portion between the hub axle mounting surface and the inclined surface portion of the annular stepped area is rendered to have a sharp corner shape.
- the hub axle mounting surface which is an inner diametric surface portion of the inner race segment that is continued from the annular stepped area, is rendered to be a ground surface and the transit portion between the hub axle mounting surface and the inclined surface portion of the annular stepped area is rendered to have a sharp corner shape, contact of the plastically deformed portion to the annular stepped area can be enhanced. Because of this, it is possible to minimize the amount of movement of the inner race segment relative to the hub axle, which may take place when an external force acts during the assemblage.
- the wheel support bearing assembly of the present invention it is possible to avoid the inner race segment detachment during the assemblage onto the automotive vehicle without the bearing functionality being affected adversely, and, also, the amount of movement of the inner race segment during the assemblage can be minimized. Accordingly, while if the inner race segment moves during the assemblage, a process to return the inner race segment is required, resulting in complication of assemblage onto the automotive vehicle, this can be avoided advantageously.
- a lubricant is applied to a surface of the plastically deformed portion which contacts the crimping punch.
- a lubricating oil mixed with, for example, molybdenum can be suitably employed.
- the surface of the plastically deformed portion, which contacts the crimping punch is applied with a lubricant, no clinging will occur during the crimping process, the quality of appearance and the lifetime of the crimping punch can be increased, the load of the crimping process can be reduced, and the crimping equipment can have a reduced size.
- the present invention also provides a method of manufacturing the wheel support bearing assembly, which is applicable to the wheel support bearing assembly of the structure discussed above and in which the plastically deformed portion, which assumes a cylindrical shape before it is so deformed, is crimped to a diameter expanded condition by pressing a crimping punch, of which front end portion outer peripheral surface is rendered to be a tapered surface, axially into a inner peripheral surface of the inboard end portion of the hub axle.
- the crimping process is carried out by pressing the crimping punch, of which front end portion outer peripheral surface is rendered to be a tapered surface, axially into the inner peripheral surface of the inboard end portion of the hub axle, the crimping punch will not interfere with the inner race segment during the crimping and pressing and this crimping process can be facilitated.
- the outer diameter of the plastically deformed portion after the crimping can be adjusted.
- the stroke, over which the crimping punch is pressed can be adjusted in dependence on a factor of variation on machining accuracy brought about by a to-be-machined article, and/or a condition of the crimping punch. Because of this, a press work can be accomplished stably at all time so that the radial expansion of the plastically deformed portion and the height of the projection can be constant, ensuring a prevention of the inner race segment detachment of a completed product.
- a lubricant oil is applied to one or both of an inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical plastically deformed portion of the hub axle and the front end portion outer periphery of the crimping punch, and the crimping is carried out in this applied condition.
- a lubricating oil mixed with, for example, molybdenum can be suitably employed.
- the lubricant oil is applied to one or both of an inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion of the hub axle and the outer periphery of the free end portion of the crimping punch, and the crimping is then carried out in this applied condition, clinging or seizure of the crimping punch to that portion of the hub axle, where the crimping punch contacts, can be prevented even though it is a simple crimping method, in which the crimping punch is pressed, and, accordingly, not only can the quality of appearance of the product be increased, but also the lifetime of the crimping punch can be increased.
- lubricant oil makes it possible to reduce the load during the machining as compared with the product not applied with the lubricant oil, that is, product having the same degree of crimping, that is, the same machining stroke, and, for this reason, not only can the crimping process be accomplished easily, but the crimping equipment can have a reduced size. Accordingly, with an additional advantage that the crimping equipment suffices, in which the crimping punch is merely pressed, investment in plant and equipment can be minimized.
- the crimping punch is of a design in which a corner between the tapered surface and the front end face is chamfered.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a wheel support bearing assembly according to first and second preferred embodiments of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a fragmentary longitudinal view, on an enlarged scale, showing a portion of the wheel support bearing assembly shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3A is a fragmentary sectional view, on an enlarged scale, showing a plastically deformed portion in a hub axle, an inner race segment stepped area and its vicinity before a crimping process is performed;
- FIG. 3B is a fragmentary sectional view, on an enlarged scale, showing the plastically deformed portion in the hub axle, the inner race segment stepped area and its vicinity after the crimping process has been performed;
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the wheel support bearing assembly according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing a condition before the crimping process is performed;
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the wheel support bearing assembly according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing a condition in which the crimping process is being performed;
- FIG. 6 is a view showing a portion of FIG. 5 , encompassed by the circle X, on an enlarged scale;
- FIG. 7A is an explanatory diagram of the wheel support bearing assembly according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing a stroke control of a crimping punch during the crimping process performed, in which an end face of the hub axle is taken as a stroke reference;
- FIG. 7B is an explanatory diagram showing the stroke control according to another method, in which an end face of an inner race segment is taken as a stroke reference;
- FIG. 7C is an explanatory diagram showing the stroke control according to a different method, in which the position at which the crimping punch is brought into contact with the hub axle is taken as a stroke reference;
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the wheel support bearing assembly, showing a condition after the crimping process is completed
- FIG. 9 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view showing the wheel support bearing assembly according to the second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10A is a sectional view showing, on an enlarged scale, a portion of FIG. 9 encompassed by the circle Y;
- FIG. 10B illustrates a comparative example, in which that portion of FIG. 9 , encompassed by the circle Y in FIG. 9 , is structured differently;
- FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a wheel support bearing assembly according to a third preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view of the wheel support bearing assembly according to the third preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing a condition before the hub axle crimping process is performed;
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of the wheel support bearing assembly according to the third preferred embodiment, showing the hub axle crimping process
- FIG. 14 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of the wheel support bearing assembly according to the third preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing the condition after the hub axle crimping process;
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of the wheel support bearing assembly according to the third preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing the condition before the hub axle crimping process is performed;
- FIG. 16A is an explanatory diagram of the wheel support bearing assembly according to the third preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing the condition in which the hub axle crimping process is being performed;
- FIG. 16B is an diagram showing, on an enlarged scale, a portion of the wheel support bearing assembly, where the crimping punch is brought into contact with the hub axle in the drawing of FIG. 16A ;
- FIG. 17 is a chart showing results of experiments conducted to determine the relation between the stroke of the crimping punch and the crimping load for the purpose of comparing the wheel support bearing assembly according to the third preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which a lubricant oil is applied, with the wheel support bearing assembly, in which a lubricant oil is not applied;
- FIG. 18 is a longitudinal sectional view of the prior art wheel support bearing assembly
- FIG. 19 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of the prior art wheel support bearing assembly shown in FIG. 18 ;
- FIGS. 20A and 20B are explanatory diagrams of tentatively planned versions of the wheel support bearing assembly, showing conditions in which the crimping process is performed, respectively.
- FIGS. 21A and 21B are explanatory diagrams of tentatively planned versions of the wheel support bearing assembly, showing another conditions in which the crimping process is performed, respectively.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 A first preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with particular reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 .
- This embodiment is applied to a wheel support bearing assembly for rotatably supporting a vehicle drive wheel, which is an inner race segment rotating model of a third generation type.
- the term “outboard” is intended to mean one side of an automotive vehicle body away from the longitudinal center of the automotive vehicle body, whereas the term “inboard” is intended to mean the opposite side of the automotive vehicle body close towards the longitudinal center of the automotive vehicle body.
- the illustrated wheel support bearing assembly includes an outer member 1 having an inner periphery formed with a double row of raceway surfaces 3 , an inner member 2 having raceway surfaces 4 formed therein and opposite to those raceway surfaces 3 , and a double row of ball-shaped rolling elements 5 interposed between the raceway surfaces 3 in the outer member 1 and the raceway surfaces 4 in the inner member 2 .
- the wheel support bearing assembly is rendered to be of a double row, outwardly oriented angular contact ball bearing type, and the rolling elements 5 are retained by respective retainers 6 one employed for each of the rows of the rolling elements 5 .
- raceway surfaces 3 and 4 referred to above have an arcuate shape in cross-section and are so formed as to represent respective rolling element contact angles ⁇ that are held in back-to-back relation with each other.
- Opposite open ends of an annular bearing space delimited between the outer member 1 and the inner member 2 are sealed by respective sealing members 7 and 8 .
- the outer member 1 serves as a stationary or fixed member and is of one-piece construction having a radially outwardly extending coupling flange 1 a that is secured to a knuckle forming a part of an automobile suspension system (not shown) mounted on an automotive body structure.
- the inner member 2 serves as a rotatable member and is made up of a hub axle 9 having an outer periphery formed with a wheel mounting hub flange 9 a , and an inner race segment 10 fixedly mounted on an outer periphery of an inboard end portion of the hub axle 9 .
- the raceway surfaces 4 one for each row are formed in the hub axle 9 and the inner race segment 10 , respectively.
- the hub axle 9 has an axially extending center bore 11 defined therein and the raceway surfaces 4 in the hub axle 9 may be a surface hardened by means of a surface hardening treatment, particularly an induction hardening treatment.
- the inner race segment 10 is hardened in its entirety from surface to core thereof by means of a hardening treatment.
- the center bore 11 of the hub axle 9 is of a double stepped configuration including a general diametric portion 11 a occupying an area from an outboard end face thereof to a location in proximity to the inboard end portion thereof, a radially outwardly stepped intermediate diametric portion 11 b located on the inboard side of the general diametric portion 11 a and having a diameter greater than that of the general diametric portion 11 a , and a radially outwardly stepped large diametric portion 11 c located on the inboard side of the stepped intermediate diametric portion 11 b and having a diameter greater than that of the stepped intermediate diametric portion 11 b .
- the general diametric portion 11 a has an inner peripheral surface formed with a series of splined grooves 11 d engageable with respective splined projections formed in an outer periphery of a stem portion 13 a of a constant velocity universal joint 12 .
- an inner race mounting area 15 of a stepped configuration and of a diameter smaller than that of the outer peripheral surface of the remaining portion of the hub axle 9 is formed in the outer peripheral surface of the inboard end portion of the hub axle 9 , and the inner race segment 10 is nested or mounted on this inner race mounting area 15 .
- the inner race segment 10 has an inner peripheral surface formed with a stepped area 16 which continues to an inboard annular face 10 a of the inner race segment 10 and has a small depth defined at an inner peripheral edge of that inboard annular face 10 a .
- An inner surface of the stepped area 16 includes an inclined surface portion 16 a , which is continued on the outboard side thereof to the inner peripheral surface of the inner race segment 10 and has a diameter gradually increasing towards the inboard side and to the above described depth, that is, an inclined surface portion 16 a having a section taken along an axial direction of the bearing assembly, which represents a straight or curved line, and a straight area portion 16 b in the form of a cylindrical surface of the above described depth and continued from the inclined surface portion 16 a to the inboard end face of the inner race segment 10 .
- the inclined surface portion 16 a is defined by a tapered surface, a curved surface, or a combination of a tapered surface and a curved surface continued therefrom such as shown and is preferably in the form of a tapered surface. It is to be noted that as a developed example, this inclined surface portion 16 a is a surface perpendicular to the axial direction.
- the stepped area 16 is located on the inboard side of a straight line L forming the rolling element contact angle ⁇ of the raceway surface 4 in the inner race segment 10 .
- an axial range W of this stepped area 16 is so chosen as to be a range which does not intersect with an extension of the straight line L defining the rolling element contact angle ⁇ of the inner race segment raceway surface 4 .
- an inboard end portion of the hub axle 9 will form a plastically deformed portion 9 b when plastically deformed by means of a crimping process to have an expanded diameter. More specifically, as will be described in detail later with reference to FIG. 6 , using a crimping punch 19 ( FIG. 6 ) having a free end portion outer peripheral surface representing a tapered surface 19 a and also having a corner between the tapered surface 19 a and a free end face 19 b , which is chamfered to define a chamfer (R 2 ), the plastically deformed portion 9 b is crimped in a diameter expanded condition by pressing this crimping punch 19 into an inner peripheral surface of the inboard end portion of the hub axle 9 .
- This plastically deformed portion 9 b is rendered to be a non-heat treated portion so that the crimping process can be facilitated.
- the plastically deformed portion 9 b has an inner peripheral surface representing the radially outwardly stepped large diametric portion 11 c of the center bore 11 .
- the plastically deformed portion 9 b represents a cylindrical shape before the crimping process is carried out, but is deformed to have an expanded diameter after the crimping process has been carried out as shown in FIG. 3B .
- the plastically deformed portion 9 b which has been deformed to have an expanded diameter, is brought into engagement with the inclined surface portion 16 a of the stepped area 16 to thereby avoid a movement of the inner race segment 10 towards the inboard side.
- the plastically deformed portion 9 b after the crimping process has been carried out does not contact the straight area portion 16 b of the stepped area 16 , leaving a gap E between the plastically deformed portion 9 b and the stepped area 16 , and does not protrude outwardly from the annular face 10 a of the inner race segment 10 towards the inboard side.
- the plastically deformed portion 9 b after the crimping process has been carried out has an inner diametric surface (hub crimping surface) 9 bc representing a tapered surface with the inboard side opening.
- Assemblage of this wheel support bearing assembly onto the automotive vehicle is carried out by inserting the stem portion 13 a of the outer race 13 of the constant velocity universal joint 12 , which forms one of coupling members or joint members, into the center bore 11 of the hub axle 9 , then engaging the splined projections 13 aa in the outer periphery of the stem portion 13 a in the associated splined grooves 11 d in the inner peripheral surface of the center bore 11 , and finally fastening a nut 14 to a free end of the stem portion 13 a to thereby connect the outer race 13 of the constant velocity universal joint 12 with the inner member 2 .
- a annular shoulder 13 b provided in the outer race 13 of the constant velocity universal joint 12 so as to be oriented towards the outboard side is urged against the annular face 10 a of the inner race segment 10 that is oriented towards the inboard side, with the inner member 2 clamped axially between the outer race 13 of the constant velocity universal joint 12 and the fastening nut 14 .
- the wheel mounting flange 9 a is positioned on the outboard end portion of the hub axle 9 , and a vehicle wheel (not shown) is fitted to the hub flange 9 a by means of a plurality hub bolts 17 with a brake rotor (also not shown) intervening between it and the hub flange 9 a.
- the stepped area 16 is provided in the inner peripheral surface of the inner race segment 10 and the plastically deformed portion 9 b resulting from the crimping of the hub axle 9 is engaged with the stepped area 16 , any possible detachment of the inner race segment 10 from the hub axle 9 , which would be brought about by an external force generated during the assemblage onto the automotive vehicle, can be avoided.
- the stepped area 16 is defined in a very limited range, say, the inner peripheral edge of the inner race segment 10 , it is possible to minimize the size of the stepped area 16 while securing a bearing strength against the detachment of the inner race segment 10 . Because of this, a reduction in surface area of the annular face 10 a of the inner race segment 10 can be minimized notwithstanding the provision of the wall thinning stepped area 16 , an increase of the pressure of contact with the annular shoulder 13 b of outer race 13 of the constant velocity universal joint 12 can be suppressed, and generation of frictional wear and/or abnormal noises, which would result from generation, of an inner race segment creepage, can be avoided. Accordingly, reduction in lifetime of the bearing assembly can be suppressed.
- the crimping process to form the plastically deformed portion 9 b is carried out by using, as a crimping punch 19 , what has a outer peripheral surface representing a tapered surface and also has a chamfered corner between the tapered surface and the free end face thereof and then pressing it into the inner peripheral surface of the inboard end portion of the hub axle 9 , a diameter expanding crimping can be accomplished to a required degree of processing without the crimping punch 19 interfering with the hub axle 9 during the crimping process as will be discussed in detail later.
- the center bore 11 of the hub axle 9 is rendered to be of a double stepped configuration, in which a portion thereof on the inboard side of the generally diametric portion 11 a , where the splined grooves 11 d are formed, includes the stepped large diametric portion 11 c on the inboard side and the stepped intermediate diametric portion 11 b having a diameter smaller than that of the stepped large diametric portion 11 c , but greater than that of the general diametric portion 11 a , the stepped intermediate diametric portion 11 b can serves a guide for the insertion of the stem portion 13 a of the constant velocity universal joint outer race 13 , resulting in increase of the assemblability.
- the wheel support bearing assembly of the type described above is a double row angular contact ball bearing with back-to-back arrangement and the axial range W of the stepped area 16 is so chosen as to be a range which does not intersect with an extension of the straight line L defining the rolling element contact angle ⁇ , deformation of the inner race segment 10 , which would otherwise occur as a result of an imposed load during the operation, can be minimized and, correspondingly, increase in lifetime is possible.
- the axial length of the stepped area 16 in the inner race segment 10 is small, a mounting length for the inner race segment 10 relative to the hub axle 9 can be secured and, accordingly, a mounting surface area can be secured, resulting in suppression of generation of creepage in the inner race segment 10 . Even in view of this, increase in lifetime is possible. Yet, there is no need to increase the overall axial length of the inner race segment 10 in order to secure, for example, the mounting length and, therefore, no extra space is needed in the axial direction.
- this plastically deformed portion 9 b When the plastically deformed portion 9 b is formed in the hub axle 9 by means of the crimping process, this plastically deformed portion 9 b does not contact the inner diametric straight area portion 16 b in the inner race segment stepped area 16 and, therefore, no excessive load acts on various portions of the hub axle 9 except for the plastically deformed portion 9 b and, also, various portions of the inner race segment 10 , thereby minimizing deformation of the center bore 11 in the hub axle 9 , in which the stem portion 13 a of the constant velocity universal joint 13 is engaged, and expansion of the inner race segment 10 . In this way, it is possible to avoid the bearing functionality being adversely affected.
- the plastically deformed portion 9 b having an inner peripheral surface defined by the stepped large diametric portion 11 c in the center bore 11 is a thin walled portion of the hub axle 9 , where the wall thickness is small, but the inner diameter is large with the entire volume being small, the crimping can easily be accomplished. Also, since the plastically deformed portion 9 b is small in volume, the height of projection h thereof will not increase more than necessary and, even though a step of the inner race segment stepped area 16 is made small, it makes it possible to avoid contact of the plastically deformed portion 9 b with the straight area portion 16 b of the inner race segment stepped area 16 .
- the stem portion 13 a of the constant velocity universal joint 12 can, when splined to the general diametric portion 11 a in the center bore 11 , be readily inserted into the center bore 11 , thus facilitating the assemblage.
- the raceway surface 4 in the hub axle 9 is surface treated or hardened, lifetime of the rotatable member can be secured. Since the plastically deformed portion 9 b is rendered to be a non-heat treated portion, the crimping can be accomplished easily.
- the inner race segment 10 is a small component part having the raceway surface 4 defined therein and has its inner diametric surface engaged in the hub axle 9 , the entirety of the inner race segment 10 from surface to core can be hardened as hereinbefore described, resulting in excellent lifetime of the rotatable member and excellent resistance to friction of the mounting surface.
- the inner race segment 10 engages the surface of the inner race mounting area 15 of the hub axle 9 , it is possible to render the resistance to friction to be excellent when the substantially entirety, except for a portion in proximity of the plastically deformed portion, is hardened by means of an induction heating technique. Since the plastically deformed portion 9 b of the hub axle 9 is rendered to be a non-hardened portion, the crimping can easily be accomplished.
- FIG. 4 the hub flange 9 a integral with the hub axle 9 is mounted on a support bench 18 by means of the hub bolts 17 so that the bearing assembly can rest on the support bench 18 with the inboard side thereof oriented upwardly.
- FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 showing the portion X of FIG.
- the crimping punch 16 of a structure in which the front end portion outer peripheral surface is formed as a tapered surface 19 a and a corner delimited between this tapered surface 19 a and the front end face 19 b is chamfered to define a chamfer (symbol R 2 ), is lowered to a position above the inboard end of the hub axle 9 and the front end, which is tapered as at 19 a , is pressed into the inner peripheral surface of the hub axle 9 to allow the plastically deformed portion 9 b of the hub axle 9 to be press worked.
- the pressing of the crimping punch 19 is carried out while the inner race segment 10 has its outer diametric surface held in a non-constricted state.
- the outer diameter of the plastically deformed portion 9 b after the crimping process can be adjusted by controlling the stroke in which the crimping punch 19 is axially pressed.
- the stroke control can be accomplished according to one of the following three methods.
- FIG. 7A illustrates a method of controlling the stroke of the crimping punch 19 with the end face of the hub axle 9 taken as a stroke reference (zero point) for the crimping punch 19 .
- this method since the end face of the hub axle 9 , which is an article to be processed, is used as a reference plane for the control, it is suited to control the degree of processing.
- FIG. 7B illustrates a method of controlling the stroke of the crimping punch 19 with the annular face 10 a of the inner race segment 10 taken as a stroke reference (zero point) for the crimping punch 19 .
- this method since the annular face 10 a of the inner race segment 10 , which is a ground surface, is used as a reference plane for the control, it is possible to accomplish a highly precise control.
- FIG. 7C illustrates a method of controlling the stroke of the crimping punch 19 so that while the position, at which the crimping punch 19 or a plane, spherical or conical jig for detecting the reference plane contacts the hub axle 9 , is used as a reference plane (zero point) for the control, the crimping punch 19 can be lowered a predetermined stroke from such position.
- this method since the starting point of the crimping process is used as a reference plane for the control, it is possible to secure a stable degree of processing without being affected by a variation in tolerance of, for example, the position of the end face and/or inner diameter of the hub axle 9 .
- the wheel support bearing assembly can be manufactured stably at all times with high precision with being less affected by a factor (matrix hardness, heat treatment range, shape and dimensions of the plastically deformed portion 9 b and others), which results in variation in processing precision resulting from the hub axle 9 , which is an article to be processed, and a condition (surface deterioration, condition of oil sticking thereto and others) of the crimping punch. Since those control methods can bring about different advantages and have different applicability, one of those control methods, which is considered optimum, should be selected in consideration of the various conditions such as shape of the bearing, application and others.
- the plastically deformed portion 9 b of the hub axle 9 can be crimped in the inner race segment stepped area 16 as shown in FIG. 6 showing that portion X of FIG. 5 on an enlarged scale.
- the tapering angle ⁇ of the tapered surface 37 a of the crimping punch 37 as shown in FIG. 20A is preferably of a small value.
- the tapering angle ⁇ the longer the axial dimension D required by the hub crimping surface 29 c as shown in FIG. 20A . If this axial dimension D is large, it may occur that the free end corner 37 b of the crimping punch 37 will interfere with a root 29 d of the hub crimping portion as shown in FIG. 20B .
- the hub inner diametric surface 29 e shown in FIG. 21A will define a guide surface for the stem portion of the constant velocity universal joint and, in order to secure a guide length, the crimping allowance (F dimension) cannot take a large value. Also, if the R portion (symbol R 1 ) of the root 29 d of the hub crimping portion is reduced, it will result in lowering of the rigidity of the hub. Yet, as shown in FIG.
- the crimping can be carried out smoothly. And a portion of the hub axle 9 , which eventually forms the plastically deformed portion 9 b , has an inner diametric surface that is large in diameter and has a small wall thickness before and after the crimping processing takes place.
- the crimping punch 19 is retracted from the inboard end portion of the hub axle 9 as shown in FIG. 8 , the crimping completes.
- the stroke, over which the crimping punch 19 is pressed axially can be adjusted in dependence on the factor, which results in variation in processing precision resulting from the hub axle 9 , which is an article to be processed and the condition of the crimping punch 19 . Because of this, the press work can be performed at all time stably to such an extent that the height h of projection of the plastically deformed portion 9 b in the radial direction may attain a required value, thus ensuring prevention of the inner race segment 10 from being detached in the completed product.
- this crimping process is carried out by pressing the crimping punch 19 , in which the free end portion outer peripheral surface represents the tapered surface 19 a and the corner 19 c between this tapered surface 19 a and the free end face 19 b are chamfered, axially into the inner periphery of the inboard end portion of the hub axle 9 , no interference of the crimping punch 19 with the inner race segment 10 and the hub axle 9 during the crimping process occur and the diameter expansion and crimping process can be accurately and easily accomplished to a required degree of processing.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 a second preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described with particular reference to FIGS. 9 and 10 and also to FIG. 1 used in describing the first preferred embodiment.
- component parts similar to those shown in and described with reference to FIG. 1 are designated by like reference numerals used in FIG. 1 and the details thereof are not reiterated for the sake of brevity.
- FIG. 9 illustrating, on an enlarged scale, the wheel support bearing assembly shown in FIG. 1
- the annular stepped area 16 of the inner race segment 10 is machined and, after this machining, the hub axle mounting surface 10 b , which is an inner race segment diametric surface portion continued from the annular stepped area 16 , is ground to define a ground surface.
- FIG. 10A showing, on an enlarged scale, a section of that portion Y in FIG. 9 , a transit portion 16 ba between the hub axle mounting surface 10 b and the inclined surface portion 16 a within the stepped area 16 is rendered to represent a sharp corner shape.
- the axial range W ( FIG.
- This axial range W of the transit portion 16 ba represents W>0 (that is, the transit portion 16 ba shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10 is positioned on the right (inboard side) of the line of extension L of the contact angle).
- FIG. 10B illustrates, on an enlarged scale, a comparative example, in which after the hub axle mounting surface 10 b has been ground, the annular stepped area 16 is ground.
- the transit portion 16 ba between the hub axle mounting surface 10 b and the inclined surface portion 16 a of the stepped area 16 represents an arcuately sectioned curved portion of R0.3 (mm).
- the inboard end portion of the hub axle 9 is provided with the plastically deformed portion 9 b by means of the crimping process, in which portion 9 b is engageable with the inclined surface portion 16 a that is rendered to be a tapered surface in the inner surface of the stepped area 16 of the inner race segment 10 .
- FIG. 9 illustrates a condition of the plastically deformed portion 9 b after the latter has been crimped. This plastically deformed portion 9 b does not protrude outwardly from the annular face 10 a of the inner race segment 10 . Also, the plastically deformed portion 9 b is so formed as to bring about a radial gap between it and the straight area portion 16 b of the stepped area 16 .
- the crimping process referred to above is applied over the entire circumference by means of, for example, a press work.
- This crimping process is carried out by means of a diametric expansion crimping, in which the entire circumference of the inboard end portion of the hub axle 9 is expanded radially outwardly.
- the plastically deformed portion 9 b of the hub axle 9 where the crimping is performed, is rendered to be a non-heat treated portion.
- the plastically deformed portion 9 b represents a cylindrical portion before the crimping is performed, and such cylindrical portion has a diameter greater than that of the remaining portion of the hub axle 9 and also has a wall thickness smaller than that of the remaining portion of the hub axle 9 .
- wheel support bearing assembly of the present invention can be utilized in various standard automotive vehicles ranging from, for example, a compact car to a large size automobile and, therefore, has dimensions appropriate to such standard automotive vehicle.
- the hub axle mounting surface 10 b which is an inner diametric portion continued to the annular stepped area 16 , is rendered to be a ground surface and the transit portion 16 ba between this hub axle mounting surface 10 b and the inclined surface portion 16 a of the stepped area 16 is rendered to represent the sharp corner shape, adherence of the plastically deformed portion 9 b to the stepped area 16 resulting from the crimping can be increased and the amount of movement of the inner race segment 10 relative to the hub axle 9 , which would occur when an external force acts during assemblage onto the vehicle body, can be minimized.
- Table 1 illustrates results of inner race segment drawing experiments conducted on the wheel support bearing assembly according to this embodiment, in which the inner race segment stepped area 16 is of the structure shown in FIG. 10A , and the wheel support bearing assembly as a comparative example, in which the inner race segment stepped area is of the structure shown in FIG. 10B .
- the crimping force applied in this case is 140 kN and the amount of movement of the inner race segment was that when loaded with 20 kN.
- the plastically deformed portion 9 b of the hub axle 9 can, when crimped, deform plastically so as to contact with no gap and, therefore, the reliability in engagement with the stepped area 16 will become excellent. For this reason, the crimping of the plastically deformed portion 9 b can be facilitated.
- the axial range W ( FIG. 9 ) of the transit portion 16 ba with the inclined surface 16 a within the stepped are 16 lie within a range, in which it does not intersect the line of extension L of the rolling element contact angle ⁇ , there is no possibility that the sharp corner shape of the transit portion 16 ba may be ruined by an inner race segment deformation under an imposed load during assemblage onto the automotive vehicle and, therefore, the amount of movement of the inner race segment can be reduced.
- FIGS. 11 to 17 a third preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with particular reference to FIGS. 11 to 17 . It is however to be noted that in this embodiment, component parts similar to those employed in the first and second embodiments are designated by like reference numerals used therein and, therefore, the details thereof are not reiterated for the sake of brevity.
- FIG. 11 The wheel support bearing assembly according to the third preferred embodiment is shown in FIG. 11 and an enlarged sectional view thereof is shown in FIGS. 12 and 14 .
- FIG. 12 illustrates a condition before the crimping process is carried out to form the plastically deformed portion 9 b
- FIG. 14 illustrates a condition after the crimping has been carried out.
- the plastically deformed portion 9 b is of a type that does not protrude outwardly from the annular face 10 a of the inner race segment 10
- the plastically deformed portion 9 b in this embodiment may or may not contact the inner diametric surface of the annular stepped area 16 of the inner race segment 10 .
- the plastically deformed portion 9 b has a hardness equal to or lower than HRC 28 .
- the inner peripheral surface of the center bore 11 of the hub axle 9 includes the general diametric portion 11 a , in which the splined grooves 11 d are formed. Also, the periphery of the center bore 11 of the hub axle 9 includes a double stepped portion situated on the inboard side of the general diametric portion 11 a .
- the double stepped portion includes the stepped large diametric portion 11 c on the inboard side, and the stepped intermediate diametric portion 11 b having a diameter smaller than that of the large diametric portion 11 c , but greater than the maximum diameter of the general diametric portion 11 a as measured between radially opposed groove bottoms of the splined grooves 11 d .
- the large diametric portion 11 c has an outer peripheral wall portion representing a cylindrical portion where the crimping is carried out. Also, the intermediate diametric portion 11 b is held at a position B axially deeper than an axial position A of the stepped area 16 of the inner race segment 10 .
- the crimping process referred to above is carried out by the use of the crimping punch 19 of a type shown in FIG. 13 .
- This crimping punch 19 has a free end portion outer periphery rendered to be a tapered surface 19 a serving as an abutment surface and, by pressing this tapered surface 19 a into an open edge at an inner periphery of the cylindrical portion of the plastically deformed portion 9 b , the cylindrical portion referred to above can be crimped to an expanded diameter to thereby form the plastically deformed portion 9 b.
- FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate the crimping process discussed hereinabove.
- the bearing assembly is first placed on a support bench 18 with the inboard side thereof oriented upwardly as shown in FIG. 15 .
- a lubricant oil is applied to one or both of the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion of the hub axle 9 and the free end outer peripheral surface of the crimping punch 19 .
- a lubricant oil containing molybdenum can be suitably employed.
- the crimping punch 19 is lowered onto the inboard end face of the hub axle 9 as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 16B illustrates a fragmentary enlarged view showing the crimping taking place as shown in FIG. 16A .
- the lubricant oil is applied to one or both of the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion of the hub axle 9 and the outer periphery of the free end portion of the crimping punch 19 , and the crimping is carried out in this oil applied condition, it is possible to avoid a clinging or seizure that may occur at a portion of the hub axle 8 , where the crimping punch 19 contacts, thereby resulting in not only increase of the quality of appearance of the product, but also increase of the lifetime of the crimping punch 19 .
- lubricant oil is effective to reduce the load during the process even though it is a product of the same degree of processing (that is, the same processing stroke) and, therefore, not only can the crimping be facilitated, but also the size of the crimping equipment can be minimized to minimize the equipment investment.
- FIG. 17 illustrates the chart showing results of experiments conducted to determine the relation between the processing stroke of the crimping punch 19 and the processed load when the crimping is carried out in the oil applied condition as described above and when the crimping is carried out without the lubricant oil applied, respectively. It will readily be understood that from the results of experiments, the method in which the crimping is carried out with the lubricant oil applied has exhibited reduction of the processed load as compared with the method in which the crimping is carried out with no lubricant oil applied.
- the wheel support bearing assembly of the present invention which forms a structure fundamental to the following modes of embodiment, is a wheel support bearing assembly for rotatably supporting a vehicle drive wheel, which includes an outer member having an inner periphery formed with a double row of raceway surfaces, an inner member having raceway surfaces formed therein and opposite to those raceway surfaces in the outer member, and a double row of rolling elements each row interposed between the respective raceway surfaces in the outer and inner members, in which the inner member is made up of a hub axle, having a wheel mounting hub flange formed in an outer periphery thereof and also having a center bore, and an inner race segment mounted on an outer periphery of an inboard end portion of the hub axle, with the raceway surfaces being defined respectively in the hub axle and the inner race segment; in which the inner race segment has an inner peripheral surface provided with an annular stepped area that extends to an inboard end face of the inner race segment and has a depth defined at an inner peripheral edge of an inboard end face of the inner race segment; and in which this annul
- the center bore of the hub axle has an inner peripheral surface formed with the splined grooves engageable with the splined projections in the outer peripheral surface of the stem portion of the constant velocity universal joint and a portion located on an inboard side of the general diametric portion, where the splined grooves in the inner peripheral surface of the center bore, is of a double stepped configuration made up of the stepped large diametric portion, which defines the inner peripheral surface of the plastically deformed portion, and the stepped intermediate diametric portion having a diameter smaller than that of the large diametric portion, but greater than that of the general diametric portion.
- the inboard end portion of the hub axle, in which the large diametric portion of the center bore defines the inner peripheral surface, is crimped as the plastically deformed portion to avoid the detachment of the inner race segment during the assemblage onto the automotive vehicle, and the splined projections on the stem portion outer periphery of the constant velocity universal joint are engaged in the respective splined grooves formed in the general diametric portion of the center bore to thereby cause the stem portion of the constant velocity universal joint to be splined to the center bore.
- the plastically deformed portion referred to above is a portion of the hub axle, where the inner diameter is large and the wall thickness is small, and the volume of the entirety thereof is small, it makes it possible to render the inner race segment stepped area to be small, facilitating the crimping process. Also, since the center bore is rendered to be of a double stepped configuration, in which the inner diameter is large on the inboard side, the stem portion of the constant velocity universal joint can be easily inserted from the inboard side, when the stem portion of the constant velocity universal joint is splined to the general diametric portion of the center bore, thus facilitating the assembly.
- the raceway surface in the hub axle is rendered to be a surface hardened
- the plastically deformed portion is rendered to be the non-heat treated portion
- the inner race segment is hardened in its entirety from surface to core by means of a hardening treatment.
- raceway surface in the hub axle is preferred to represent the hardened surface having an increased hardness in order to increase the rolling lifetime
- that portion where the crimping is carried out is preferred to be the non-heat treated portion in order to facilitate the crimping.
- the inner race segment is a small component part having the raceway surface and has the inner diametric surface engaged in the hub axle, to use the hardening treatment to make it to be hardened from surface to core is preferred in terms of increase of the rolling lifetime and the frictional resistance of the mounting surface.
- the axial range of the transit portion is so chosen to be within the range that does not intersect the line of extension of the rolling element contact angle.
- the axial range of the transit portion intersects the line of extension of the rolling element contact angle
- deformation of the inner race segment under the influence of the imposed load during the operation would be considerable. Since the axial range is so chosen to be within the range that does not intersect the line of extension of the rolling element contact angle, such deformation of the inner race segment under the influence of the imposed load during the operation can be minimized while securing the bearing strength against the possible detachment and, accordingly, it is possible to avoid the reduction of the rolling lifetime and the frictional wear of the mounting surface.
- the wheel support bearing assembly of the present invention which forms a structure fundamental to the following modes of embodiment, is a wheel support bearing assembly for rotatably supporting a vehicle drive wheel, which includes an outer member having an inner periphery formed with a double row of raceway surfaces, an inner member having raceway surfaces formed therein and opposite to those raceway surfaces in the outer member, and a double row of rolling elements each row interposed between the respective raceway surfaces in the outer and inner members, in which the inner member is made up of a hub axle, having a wheel mounting hub flange formed in an outer periphery thereof and also having a center bore, and an inner race segment mounted on an outer periphery of an inboard end portion of the hub axle, with the raceway surfaces being defined respectively in the hub axle and the inner race segment; in which an inner peripheral surface of the inner race segment is provided with an annular stepped area that extends to an inboard end face of the inner race segment and having a depth defined at an inner peripheral edge of an inboard end face of the inner race segment; the plastically de
- the wheel support bearing assembly in which the stepped surface of the stepped area is rendered to be a tapered surface inclined relative to the axial direction of the inner race segment.
- the wheel support bearing assembly in which the axial range of the transit portion is chosen to be the range which does not intersect the line of extension of the ball contact angle.
- the wheel support bearing assembly in which the raceway surface of the hub axle is rendered to be a surface hardened; the plastically deformed portion is rendered to be the non-heat treated portion; and the inner race segment is hardened in its entirety from surface to core by means of the hardening treatment.
- the wheel support bearing assembly of the present invention which forms a structure fundamental to the following modes of embodiment, is a wheel support bearing assembly for rotatably supporting a vehicle drive wheel, which includes an outer member having an inner periphery formed with a double row of raceway surfaces, an inner member having raceway surfaces formed therein and opposite to those raceway surfaces in the outer member, and a double row of rolling elements each row interposed between the respective raceway surfaces in the outer and inner members, in which the inner member is made up of a hub axle, having a wheel mounting hub flange formed in an outer periphery thereof and also having a center bore, and an inner race segment mounted on an outer periphery of an inboard end portion of the hub axle, with the raceway surfaces being defined respectively in the hub axle and the inner race segment; in which the inner peripheral surface of the inner race segment is provided with an annular stepped area that extends to an inboard end face of the inner race segment and having a depth defined at an inner peripheral edge of an inboard end face of the inner race segment; the plastically de
- a method of manufacturing the wheel support bearing assembly of a structure which includes an outer member having an inner periphery formed with a double row of raceway surfaces, an inner member having raceway surfaces formed therein and opposite to those raceway surfaces in the outer member, and a double row of rolling elements each row interposed between the respective raceway surfaces in the outer and inner members,
- the inner member is made up of a hub axle, having a wheel mounting hub flange formed in an outer periphery thereof and also having a center bore, and an inner race segment mounted on an outer periphery of an inboard end portion of the hub axle, with the raceway surfaces being defined respectively in the hub axle and the inner race segment;
- the center bore of the hub axle in the wheel support bearing assembly referred to above has an inner peripheral surface formed with the splined grooves engageable with the splined projections in the outer peripheral surface of the stem portion of the constant velocity universal joint; that inboard portion of the general diametric portion, where the splined grooves in the inner peripheral surface of the center bore, is of a double stepped configuration made up of the stepped large diametric portion, which defines the inner peripheral surface of the plastically deformed portion, and the stepped intermediate diametric portion having a diameter smaller than that of the large diametric portion, but greater than that of the general diametric portion; and the outer peripheral wall portion of the large diametric portion is the cylindrical portion where the crimping referred to above is carried out.
- the intermediate diametric portion serves as a guide when the stem portion of the constant velocity universal joint is to be inserted, resulting in increase of the assemblability. Also, since the inboard end portion of the center bore is so shaped as to represent the double stepped configuration, the cylindrical portion of the hub axle, where the crimping is performed, can have an increased wall thickness, thus facilitating the crimping.
- the wheel support bearing assembly is such that the inner race segment is hardened from surface to core and the plastically deformed portion is rendered to be the non-heat treated portion, the surface of the inner race segment mounting portion of the hub axle being hardened in its entirety by means of the induction hardening technique.
- the inner race segment is a small component part having the raceway surface and has the inner diametric surface engaged in the hub axle, hardening of the entirety from surface to core by means of the heat treatment is preferred in terms of increase of the rolling lifetime and the frictional resistance of the mounting surface.
- hardening of the entirety of the inner race segment mounting portion by means of the induction heat treatment is preferred in terms of increase of the frictional resistance.
- the plastically deformed portion is preferably rendered to be the non-heat treated portion in terms of easiness of crimping.
Abstract
To provide a wheel support bearing assembly, which is effective to avoid an inner race detachment during assemblage onto an automotive vehicle. The assembly is provided with an inner member made up of a hub axle and an inner race mounted on an outer periphery of an inboard end portion of the hub axle. The inner race has an inner periphery provided with an stepped area that extends to an inboard annular face of the inner race and has a depth measured at an inner peripheral edge of an inboard annular face, and an inner surface of this stepped area is of a shape made up of a straight area and an inclined surface continued from an outboard end of the straight area to the inner peripheral surface, and a plastically deformed portion engageable with the inclined surface as a result of crimping is provided in the hub axle.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a wheel support bearing assembly for rotatably supporting a vehicle wheel such as used in, for example, an automotive vehicle and a method of manufacturing such wheel support bearing assembly.
- 2. Description of the Prior Art
- The wheel support bearing assembly for the support of a vehicle drive wheel of a structure shown in
FIG. 18 has hitherto been suggested. See, for example, the Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 09-164803. This known wheel support bearing assembly includes double rows of ball-shapedrolling elements 25 operatively interposed betweenraceway surfaces 23 defined in anouter member 21 andraceway surfaces 24 defined in aninner member 22, respectively. Theinner member 22 referred to above is comprised of ahub axle 29, having an outer periphery formed with a radially outwardly extendinghub flange 29 a for the support of the vehicle wheel, and aninner race segment 30 mounted externally on a portion of the outer periphery of thehub axle 29 on an inboard side. Thehub axle 29 has anaxial bore 31 defined therein, into which astem portion 33 a of anouter race 33 of a constant velocity universal joint is inserted and then splined to thehub axle 29. With thestep portion 33 a splined to thehub axle 29 in this manner, anannular shoulder 33 b of the constant velocity universal jointouter race 33 is urged against aninboard end face 30 a of theinner race segment 30. When in this condition, anut 34 is threadingly mounted on a free end of thestem portion 33 a, theinner member 22 can be axially clamped between the constant velocity universal jointouter race 33 and thenut 34. - As shown in
FIG. 19 showing a portion ofFIG. 18 on an enlarged scale, in this suggested example, theinner race segment 30 is externally mounted on a radially inwardly depressedinner race mount 35, defined in an outer periphery of an inboard end portion of thehub axle 29. An inboard inner peripheral edge portion of theinner race segment 30, that is delimited between an annular inboard end face thereof and an inner peripheral surface thereof, is depleted axially inwardly of theinner race segment 30 to define astepped area 36, so that when the inboard end portion of thehub axle 29 is deformed by a orbital forging to have a radially outwardly expanded diameter, the plastically deformedportion 29 b can be crimped in position within thestepped area 36 in theinner race segment 30. By so doing, any possible detachment of theinner race segment 30 by the effect of an external force occurring during assemblage thereof into an automotive vehicle can be avoided. - It has however been found that the wheel support bearing assembly disclosed in the above mentioned patent document has the following problems:
- (1) Since the plastically deformed
portion 29 b in thehub axle 29 is large in size, thestepped area 36 formed in the inboard end portion of theinner race segment 30 must have a large radial step (of a size having a radial difference of, for example, about 5 to 7 mm). If the size of thestepped area 36 is so large as described above, the surface area of theinboard end face 30 a of theinner race segment 30 decreases correspondingly, resulting in an increase of the contact pressure between it and theshoulder 33 b of the constant velocity universal jointouter race 33. For this reason, the known wheel support bearing assembly of the structure discussed above, when used in an actual automotive vehicle, tend to involve a cause of frictional wear and/or abnormal noises. - (2) If an attempt is made to accommodate the plastically deformed
portion 29 b in thehub axle 29 at a location axially inwardly of the inboard end of theinner race segment 30, thestepped area 36 in theinner race segment 30 must have an increased axial length (for example, about 7 to 8 mm). The use of thestepped area 36 in the inner race segment of the increased axial length may result in a tendency of the inner race steppedarea 36 to assume a position on a linear line defining the angle of contact of the rolling elements and, therefore, there is the possibility that the lifetime will be reduced as a result of a considerable deformation of the inner race segment under the influence of a load imposed during the operation. The use of the inner race steppedarea 36 of the increased axial length may also result in a reduction of the length (surface area), over which theinner race segment 30 is engaged on thehub axle 29, by a quantity corresponding to that reduced and, accordingly, the lifetime of the wheel support bearing assembly may be reduced as a result of occurrence of a creepage in the inner race segment. Although those problems can be resolved if the axial length of the inner race segment is increased, the increase of the axial length of the inner race segment may result in a requirement to increase an extra space in the axial direction. - (3) In addition, since the plastically deformed
portion 29 b in thehub axle 29 is large in size, a crimping punch may interfere with theinner race segment 30 during the orbital forging to such an extent as to result in a difficulty in processing. - In view of the foregoing, the present invention is intended to provide a wheel support bearing assembly, which is effective to avoid a possible detachment of the inner race segment during assemblage onto an automotive vehicle without the bearing functionality being affected adversely, and, also, to provide a method of manufacturing such wheel support bearing assembly.
- In order to accomplish the foregoing object, the present invention provides a wheel support bearing assembly for rotatably supporting a vehicle drive wheel, which includes an outer member having an inner periphery formed with a double row of raceway surfaces, an inner member having raceway surfaces formed therein and opposite to those raceway surfaces in the outer member, and a double row of rolling elements each row operatively interposed between the respective raceway surfaces in the outer and inner members. The inner member referred to above is made up of a hub axle, having a wheel mounting hub flange formed in an outer periphery thereof and also having a center bore, and an inner race segment mounted on an outer periphery of an inboard end portion of the hub axle, with the raceway surfaces being defined respectively in the hub axle and the inner race segment.
- In this wheel support bearing assembly, the inner race segment has an inner peripheral surface provided with an annular stepped area that extends to an inboard end face of the inner race segment and has a small depth defined at an inner peripheral edge of the inboard end face of the inner race segment. This annular stepped area is of a shape made up of a straight area portion in the form of a cylindrical surface and an inclined surface portion continued from an outboard end of the straight area portion to the inner peripheral surface of the inner race segment, and a plastically deformed portion engageable with the inclined surface portion of the annular stepped area in the inner race segment as a result of crimping of the hub axle is provided in the hub axle.
- The wheel support bearing assembly of the present invention is of a structure, in which the plastically deformed portion of the hub axle is engaged with the inclined surface portion of the annular stepped area in the inner race segment to thereby avoid detachment of the inner race segment. In this structure, since the stepped area of the inner race segment extends a very limited range to the inner peripheral edge of the inner race segment, it is possible to minimize the size of the annular stepped area while securing a bearing strength against a possible detachment of the inner race segment. For this reason, any possible reduction in surface area of the inner race segment end face can be minimized even though the annular stepped area is employed, an undesirable increase of the contact pressure between it and an end face of the constant velocity universal joint outer race can be suppressed and generation of frictional wear and/or abnormal noises, which would result from occurrence of creepage in the inner race segment, can be avoided. Accordingly, even though the annular stepped area in the inner race segment inner peripheral surface is reduced in size as hereinabove described, a sufficient bearing strength against a possible detachment of the inner race segment, which would otherwise occur during assemblage of the bearing assembly onto an automotive vehicle, can be obtained. As discussed above, if the inner race segment stepped area is reduced in size as much as possible to such an extent that the bearing strength against the possible inner race segment detachment will not be affected adversely, it is possible to avoid the possible inner race segment detachment during the assemblage onto the automotive vehicle without the bearing functionality being affected adversely. In other words, the problem associated with the inner race segment detachment tends to occur during the assemblage onto the automotive vehicle and, since at the time of completion of the assemblage it is firmly connected in position between the outer race of the constant velocity universal joint and a fastening element, the required bearing strength against the possible inner race segment detachment can be secured even with such a small annular stepped area as described above.
- In a preferred embodiment of the wheel support bearing assembly of the present invention, the plastically deformed portion referred to above is formed by urging a crimping punch having a front end portion, the outer peripheral surface of which is tapered, into an inner periphery of the inboard end portion of the hub axle to allow it to have an expanded diameter.
- Since the crimping process to be performed on the inboard end portion of the hub axle is performed by the crimping punch having the front end portion of which outer peripheral surface is tapered, which is pressed into the inner periphery of the inboard end portion of the hub axle, the process can be easily and readily performed without the crimping punch interfering with the inner race segment during the crimping and pressing. Through the crimping process, the plastically deformed portion of the hub axle can be easily plastically deformed along the inclined surface portion of the inner race segment stepped area. Because of this, the crimping process can be properly performed and securement of the bearing strength can be further assured.
- The inclined surface portion referred to above is preferably a tapered surface and the plastically deformed portion will neither project outwardly from the end face of the inner race segment, nor contact the straight area portion of the annular stepped area.
- Where the inclined face in the annular stepped area in the inner race segment is chosen to be a tapered surface inclined relative to the axial direction, the plastically deformed portion in the hub axle undergoes a plastic deformation so as to contact tightly with no gap formed and, therefore, an excellent reliability can be obtained in engagement with the annular stepped area. Accordingly, the crimping of the plastically deformed portion can be accomplished easily.
- Also, since the plastically deformed portion does not contact the straight area portion in the inner race segment stepped area when the plastically deformed portion in the hub axle is crimped and pressed, no excessive load will act on portions of the inner race segment and portions of the hub axle other than the plastically deformed portion and it is possible to minimize a deformation of a portion of the hub axle, with which the stem portion of the constant velocity universal joint is engaged, and expansion of the inner race segment. Accordingly, it is possible to avoid the bearing functionality from being affected adversely.
- Preferably, the plastically deformed portion referred to above does not protrude outwardly beyond the end face of the inner race segment and the crimping punch is of a design in which a corner between the tapered surface and the front end face is chamfered.
- Since the crimping process applied to the inboard end portion of the hub axle is carried out by pressing the crimping punch, in which the outer peripheral surface thereof is tapered and the corner between this tapered surface and the front end face is chamfered, into the inner peripheral surface of the inboard end portion of the hub axle, it is possible to accomplish a diameter expansion and crimping process to a required degree of processing without allowing the crimping punch to interfere with the hub axle during the crimping and pressing.
- In another preferred embodiment of the wheel support bearing assembly of the present invention, the plastically deformed portion does not protrude outwardly beyond the end face of the inner race segment, a hub axle mounting surface, which is an inner diametric surface portion of the inner race segment that is continued from the annular stepped area, is rendered to be a ground surface, and a transit portion between the hub axle mounting surface and the inclined surface portion of the annular stepped area is rendered to have a sharp corner shape.
- According to this preferred embodiment, since the hub axle mounting surface, which is an inner diametric surface portion of the inner race segment that is continued from the annular stepped area, is rendered to be a ground surface and the transit portion between the hub axle mounting surface and the inclined surface portion of the annular stepped area is rendered to have a sharp corner shape, contact of the plastically deformed portion to the annular stepped area can be enhanced. Because of this, it is possible to minimize the amount of movement of the inner race segment relative to the hub axle, which may take place when an external force acts during the assemblage.
- As discussed above, in the wheel support bearing assembly of the present invention, it is possible to avoid the inner race segment detachment during the assemblage onto the automotive vehicle without the bearing functionality being affected adversely, and, also, the amount of movement of the inner race segment during the assemblage can be minimized. Accordingly, while if the inner race segment moves during the assemblage, a process to return the inner race segment is required, resulting in complication of assemblage onto the automotive vehicle, this can be avoided advantageously.
- In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a lubricant is applied to a surface of the plastically deformed portion which contacts the crimping punch. For the lubricant referred to above, a lubricating oil mixed with, for example, molybdenum can be suitably employed.
- According to this preferred embodiment, since the surface of the plastically deformed portion, which contacts the crimping punch, is applied with a lubricant, no clinging will occur during the crimping process, the quality of appearance and the lifetime of the crimping punch can be increased, the load of the crimping process can be reduced, and the crimping equipment can have a reduced size. That is to say, if no lubricant is applied in the manner described above, problems have been encountered with in that clinging will occur during the crimping process to such an extent as to result in a reduction of the quality of appearance, the lifetime of the crimping punch tends to be short and the crimping equipment must have a large size to a certain extent in order to secure a required pressing force with which the crimping punch is pressed, but those problems can be resolved advantageously.
- The present invention also provides a method of manufacturing the wheel support bearing assembly, which is applicable to the wheel support bearing assembly of the structure discussed above and in which the plastically deformed portion, which assumes a cylindrical shape before it is so deformed, is crimped to a diameter expanded condition by pressing a crimping punch, of which front end portion outer peripheral surface is rendered to be a tapered surface, axially into a inner peripheral surface of the inboard end portion of the hub axle.
- According to the above described method of the present invention, since the crimping process is carried out by pressing the crimping punch, of which front end portion outer peripheral surface is rendered to be a tapered surface, axially into the inner peripheral surface of the inboard end portion of the hub axle, the crimping punch will not interfere with the inner race segment during the crimping and pressing and this crimping process can be facilitated.
- In a preferred embodiment of the method of manufacturing the wheel support bearing assembly according to the present invention, by adjusting an axial stroke over which the crimping punch is pressed, the outer diameter of the plastically deformed portion after the crimping can be adjusted.
- According to the above described method of manufacturing the wheel support bearing assembly, the stroke, over which the crimping punch is pressed, can be adjusted in dependence on a factor of variation on machining accuracy brought about by a to-be-machined article, and/or a condition of the crimping punch. Because of this, a press work can be accomplished stably at all time so that the radial expansion of the plastically deformed portion and the height of the projection can be constant, ensuring a prevention of the inner race segment detachment of a completed product. In other words, while where the pressing is carried out under a pressing load predetermined in consideration of the shaft diameter of the hub axle, the wall thickness and the axial length of the inboard end portion of the hub axle and the shape of the inner race segment stepped area, problems have been encountered with in association of the hardness of a matrix, the range of heat treatment, a factor of variation in machining accuracy brought about by the to-be-machined article such as, for example, the dimensions of the plastically deformed portion, the condition of the crimping punch (such as, for example, deterioration of the surface, the condition of deposited oil and others) cannot be accommodated, but those problems can be resolved advantageously.
- In another preferred embodiment of the method of manufacturing the wheel support bearing assembly in accordance with the present invention, before the crimping being performed with the crimping punch, a lubricant oil is applied to one or both of an inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical plastically deformed portion of the hub axle and the front end portion outer periphery of the crimping punch, and the crimping is carried out in this applied condition. For the lubricant oil referred to above, a lubricating oil mixed with, for example, molybdenum can be suitably employed.
- According to the above described method of manufacturing the wheel support bearing assembly, since before the crimping is carried out with the crimping punch the lubricant oil is applied to one or both of an inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion of the hub axle and the outer periphery of the free end portion of the crimping punch, and the crimping is then carried out in this applied condition, clinging or seizure of the crimping punch to that portion of the hub axle, where the crimping punch contacts, can be prevented even though it is a simple crimping method, in which the crimping punch is pressed, and, accordingly, not only can the quality of appearance of the product be increased, but also the lifetime of the crimping punch can be increased. Also, application of the lubricant oil makes it possible to reduce the load during the machining as compared with the product not applied with the lubricant oil, that is, product having the same degree of crimping, that is, the same machining stroke, and, for this reason, not only can the crimping process be accomplished easily, but the crimping equipment can have a reduced size. Accordingly, with an additional advantage that the crimping equipment suffices, in which the crimping punch is merely pressed, investment in plant and equipment can be minimized.
- In a further preferred embodiment of the method of manufacturing the wheel support bearing assembly in accordance with the present invention, the crimping punch is of a design in which a corner between the tapered surface and the front end face is chamfered.
- According to the above described method of manufacturing the wheel support bearing assembly, since crimping is carried out to attain a diameter expanded condition by axially pressing the crimping punch, in which the corner between the tapered surface and the front end face is chamfered, axially into the inner peripheral surface of the inboard end portion of the hub axle, interference between the crimping punch and the hub axle can be avoided and the diameter expansion and the crimping process can easily and accurately be carried to a required decree of processing. Also, a press work can be accomplished stably at all time so that the radial expansion of the plastically deformed portion and the height of the projection can be constant, ensuring a prevention of the inner race segment detachment of a completed product.
- In any event, the present invention will become more clearly understood from the following description of preferred embodiments thereof, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments and the drawings are given only for the purpose of illustration and explanation, and are not to be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way whatsoever, which scope is to be determined by the appended claims. In the accompanying drawings, like reference numerals are used to denote like parts throughout the several views, and:
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FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a wheel support bearing assembly according to first and second preferred embodiments of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary longitudinal view, on an enlarged scale, showing a portion of the wheel support bearing assembly shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3A is a fragmentary sectional view, on an enlarged scale, showing a plastically deformed portion in a hub axle, an inner race segment stepped area and its vicinity before a crimping process is performed; -
FIG. 3B is a fragmentary sectional view, on an enlarged scale, showing the plastically deformed portion in the hub axle, the inner race segment stepped area and its vicinity after the crimping process has been performed; -
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the wheel support bearing assembly according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing a condition before the crimping process is performed; -
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the wheel support bearing assembly according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing a condition in which the crimping process is being performed; -
FIG. 6 is a view showing a portion ofFIG. 5 , encompassed by the circle X, on an enlarged scale; -
FIG. 7A is an explanatory diagram of the wheel support bearing assembly according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing a stroke control of a crimping punch during the crimping process performed, in which an end face of the hub axle is taken as a stroke reference; -
FIG. 7B is an explanatory diagram showing the stroke control according to another method, in which an end face of an inner race segment is taken as a stroke reference; -
FIG. 7C is an explanatory diagram showing the stroke control according to a different method, in which the position at which the crimping punch is brought into contact with the hub axle is taken as a stroke reference; -
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the wheel support bearing assembly, showing a condition after the crimping process is completed; -
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view showing the wheel support bearing assembly according to the second preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 10A is a sectional view showing, on an enlarged scale, a portion ofFIG. 9 encompassed by the circle Y; -
FIG. 10B illustrates a comparative example, in which that portion ofFIG. 9 , encompassed by the circle Y inFIG. 9 , is structured differently; -
FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a wheel support bearing assembly according to a third preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 12 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view of the wheel support bearing assembly according to the third preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing a condition before the hub axle crimping process is performed; -
FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of the wheel support bearing assembly according to the third preferred embodiment, showing the hub axle crimping process; -
FIG. 14 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of the wheel support bearing assembly according to the third preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing the condition after the hub axle crimping process; -
FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of the wheel support bearing assembly according to the third preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing the condition before the hub axle crimping process is performed; -
FIG. 16A is an explanatory diagram of the wheel support bearing assembly according to the third preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing the condition in which the hub axle crimping process is being performed; -
FIG. 16B is an diagram showing, on an enlarged scale, a portion of the wheel support bearing assembly, where the crimping punch is brought into contact with the hub axle in the drawing ofFIG. 16A ; -
FIG. 17 is a chart showing results of experiments conducted to determine the relation between the stroke of the crimping punch and the crimping load for the purpose of comparing the wheel support bearing assembly according to the third preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which a lubricant oil is applied, with the wheel support bearing assembly, in which a lubricant oil is not applied; -
FIG. 18 is a longitudinal sectional view of the prior art wheel support bearing assembly; -
FIG. 19 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of the prior art wheel support bearing assembly shown inFIG. 18 ; and -
FIGS. 20A and 20B are explanatory diagrams of tentatively planned versions of the wheel support bearing assembly, showing conditions in which the crimping process is performed, respectively. -
FIGS. 21A and 21B are explanatory diagrams of tentatively planned versions of the wheel support bearing assembly, showing another conditions in which the crimping process is performed, respectively. - A first preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with particular reference to
FIGS. 1 to 3 . This embodiment is applied to a wheel support bearing assembly for rotatably supporting a vehicle drive wheel, which is an inner race segment rotating model of a third generation type. It is to be noted that in the specification herein presented, the term “outboard” is intended to mean one side of an automotive vehicle body away from the longitudinal center of the automotive vehicle body, whereas the term “inboard” is intended to mean the opposite side of the automotive vehicle body close towards the longitudinal center of the automotive vehicle body. - The illustrated wheel support bearing assembly includes an
outer member 1 having an inner periphery formed with a double row ofraceway surfaces 3, aninner member 2 havingraceway surfaces 4 formed therein and opposite to thoseraceway surfaces 3, and a double row of ball-shapedrolling elements 5 interposed between the raceway surfaces 3 in theouter member 1 and the raceway surfaces 4 in theinner member 2. The wheel support bearing assembly is rendered to be of a double row, outwardly oriented angular contact ball bearing type, and the rollingelements 5 are retained byrespective retainers 6 one employed for each of the rows of the rollingelements 5. The raceway surfaces 3 and 4 referred to above have an arcuate shape in cross-section and are so formed as to represent respective rolling element contact angles θ that are held in back-to-back relation with each other. Opposite open ends of an annular bearing space delimited between theouter member 1 and theinner member 2 are sealed byrespective sealing members - The
outer member 1 serves as a stationary or fixed member and is of one-piece construction having a radially outwardly extendingcoupling flange 1 a that is secured to a knuckle forming a part of an automobile suspension system (not shown) mounted on an automotive body structure. - On the other hand, the
inner member 2 serves as a rotatable member and is made up of ahub axle 9 having an outer periphery formed with a wheel mountinghub flange 9 a, and aninner race segment 10 fixedly mounted on an outer periphery of an inboard end portion of thehub axle 9. The raceway surfaces 4 one for each row are formed in thehub axle 9 and theinner race segment 10, respectively. Thehub axle 9 has an axially extending center bore 11 defined therein and the raceway surfaces 4 in thehub axle 9 may be a surface hardened by means of a surface hardening treatment, particularly an induction hardening treatment. Theinner race segment 10 is hardened in its entirety from surface to core thereof by means of a hardening treatment. - As shown on an enlarged scale in
FIG. 2 , the center bore 11 of thehub axle 9 is of a double stepped configuration including a generaldiametric portion 11 a occupying an area from an outboard end face thereof to a location in proximity to the inboard end portion thereof, a radially outwardly stepped intermediatediametric portion 11 b located on the inboard side of the generaldiametric portion 11 a and having a diameter greater than that of the generaldiametric portion 11 a, and a radially outwardly stepped largediametric portion 11 c located on the inboard side of the stepped intermediatediametric portion 11 b and having a diameter greater than that of the stepped intermediatediametric portion 11 b. Referring again toFIG. 1 , the generaldiametric portion 11 a has an inner peripheral surface formed with a series ofsplined grooves 11 d engageable with respective splined projections formed in an outer periphery of astem portion 13 a of a constant velocityuniversal joint 12. - Referring to
FIG. 2 and as shown therein on an enlarged scale, an innerrace mounting area 15 of a stepped configuration and of a diameter smaller than that of the outer peripheral surface of the remaining portion of thehub axle 9 is formed in the outer peripheral surface of the inboard end portion of thehub axle 9, and theinner race segment 10 is nested or mounted on this innerrace mounting area 15. - The
inner race segment 10 has an inner peripheral surface formed with a steppedarea 16 which continues to an inboardannular face 10 a of theinner race segment 10 and has a small depth defined at an inner peripheral edge of that inboardannular face 10 a. An inner surface of the steppedarea 16 includes aninclined surface portion 16 a, which is continued on the outboard side thereof to the inner peripheral surface of theinner race segment 10 and has a diameter gradually increasing towards the inboard side and to the above described depth, that is, aninclined surface portion 16 a having a section taken along an axial direction of the bearing assembly, which represents a straight or curved line, and astraight area portion 16 b in the form of a cylindrical surface of the above described depth and continued from theinclined surface portion 16 a to the inboard end face of theinner race segment 10. Theinclined surface portion 16 a is defined by a tapered surface, a curved surface, or a combination of a tapered surface and a curved surface continued therefrom such as shown and is preferably in the form of a tapered surface. It is to be noted that as a developed example, thisinclined surface portion 16 a is a surface perpendicular to the axial direction. The steppedarea 16 is located on the inboard side of a straight line L forming the rolling element contact angle θ of theraceway surface 4 in theinner race segment 10. In other words, an axial range W of this steppedarea 16 is so chosen as to be a range which does not intersect with an extension of the straight line L defining the rolling element contact angle θ of the inner racesegment raceway surface 4. - On the other hand, an inboard end portion of the
hub axle 9 will form a plasticallydeformed portion 9 b when plastically deformed by means of a crimping process to have an expanded diameter. More specifically, as will be described in detail later with reference toFIG. 6 , using a crimping punch 19 (FIG. 6 ) having a free end portion outer peripheral surface representing a taperedsurface 19 a and also having a corner between thetapered surface 19 a and afree end face 19 b, which is chamfered to define a chamfer (R2), the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b is crimped in a diameter expanded condition by pressing this crimpingpunch 19 into an inner peripheral surface of the inboard end portion of thehub axle 9. This plasticallydeformed portion 9 b is rendered to be a non-heat treated portion so that the crimping process can be facilitated. The plasticallydeformed portion 9 b has an inner peripheral surface representing the radially outwardly stepped largediametric portion 11 c of the center bore 11. - As best shown in
FIG. 3A , the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b represents a cylindrical shape before the crimping process is carried out, but is deformed to have an expanded diameter after the crimping process has been carried out as shown inFIG. 3B . The plasticallydeformed portion 9 b, which has been deformed to have an expanded diameter, is brought into engagement with theinclined surface portion 16 a of the steppedarea 16 to thereby avoid a movement of theinner race segment 10 towards the inboard side. Also, the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b after the crimping process has been carried out does not contact thestraight area portion 16 b of the steppedarea 16, leaving a gap E between the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b and the steppedarea 16, and does not protrude outwardly from theannular face 10 a of theinner race segment 10 towards the inboard side. It is to be noted that the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b after the crimping process has been carried out has an inner diametric surface (hub crimping surface) 9 bc representing a tapered surface with the inboard side opening. - Assemblage of this wheel support bearing assembly onto the automotive vehicle is carried out by inserting the
stem portion 13 a of theouter race 13 of the constant velocityuniversal joint 12, which forms one of coupling members or joint members, into the center bore 11 of thehub axle 9, then engaging thesplined projections 13 aa in the outer periphery of thestem portion 13 a in the associatedsplined grooves 11 d in the inner peripheral surface of the center bore 11, and finally fastening anut 14 to a free end of thestem portion 13 a to thereby connect theouter race 13 of the constant velocity universal joint 12 with theinner member 2. At this time, aannular shoulder 13 b provided in theouter race 13 of the constant velocity universal joint 12 so as to be oriented towards the outboard side is urged against theannular face 10 a of theinner race segment 10 that is oriented towards the inboard side, with theinner member 2 clamped axially between theouter race 13 of the constant velocityuniversal joint 12 and thefastening nut 14. Thewheel mounting flange 9 a is positioned on the outboard end portion of thehub axle 9, and a vehicle wheel (not shown) is fitted to thehub flange 9 a by means of aplurality hub bolts 17 with a brake rotor (also not shown) intervening between it and thehub flange 9 a. - According to the wheel support bearing assembly of the structure described hereinabove, since the stepped
area 16 is provided in the inner peripheral surface of theinner race segment 10 and the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b resulting from the crimping of thehub axle 9 is engaged with the steppedarea 16, any possible detachment of theinner race segment 10 from thehub axle 9, which would be brought about by an external force generated during the assemblage onto the automotive vehicle, can be avoided. - Since the stepped
area 16 is defined in a very limited range, say, the inner peripheral edge of theinner race segment 10, it is possible to minimize the size of the steppedarea 16 while securing a bearing strength against the detachment of theinner race segment 10. Because of this, a reduction in surface area of theannular face 10 a of theinner race segment 10 can be minimized notwithstanding the provision of the wall thinning steppedarea 16, an increase of the pressure of contact with theannular shoulder 13 b ofouter race 13 of the constant velocity universal joint 12 can be suppressed, and generation of frictional wear and/or abnormal noises, which would result from generation, of an inner race segment creepage, can be avoided. Accordingly, reduction in lifetime of the bearing assembly can be suppressed. - In particular, since the crimping process to form the plastically
deformed portion 9 b is carried out by using, as a crimpingpunch 19, what has a outer peripheral surface representing a tapered surface and also has a chamfered corner between the tapered surface and the free end face thereof and then pressing it into the inner peripheral surface of the inboard end portion of thehub axle 9, a diameter expanding crimping can be accomplished to a required degree of processing without the crimpingpunch 19 interfering with thehub axle 9 during the crimping process as will be discussed in detail later. - Also, since the center bore 11 of the
hub axle 9 is rendered to be of a double stepped configuration, in which a portion thereof on the inboard side of the generallydiametric portion 11 a, where thesplined grooves 11 d are formed, includes the stepped largediametric portion 11 c on the inboard side and the stepped intermediatediametric portion 11 b having a diameter smaller than that of the stepped largediametric portion 11 c, but greater than that of the generaldiametric portion 11 a, the stepped intermediatediametric portion 11 b can serves a guide for the insertion of thestem portion 13 a of the constant velocity universal jointouter race 13, resulting in increase of the assemblability. - Also, since the wheel support bearing assembly of the type described above is a double row angular contact ball bearing with back-to-back arrangement and the axial range W of the stepped
area 16 is so chosen as to be a range which does not intersect with an extension of the straight line L defining the rolling element contact angle θ, deformation of theinner race segment 10, which would otherwise occur as a result of an imposed load during the operation, can be minimized and, correspondingly, increase in lifetime is possible. In addition, since the axial length of the steppedarea 16 in theinner race segment 10 is small, a mounting length for theinner race segment 10 relative to thehub axle 9 can be secured and, accordingly, a mounting surface area can be secured, resulting in suppression of generation of creepage in theinner race segment 10. Even in view of this, increase in lifetime is possible. Yet, there is no need to increase the overall axial length of theinner race segment 10 in order to secure, for example, the mounting length and, therefore, no extra space is needed in the axial direction. - When the plastically
deformed portion 9 b is formed in thehub axle 9 by means of the crimping process, this plasticallydeformed portion 9 b does not contact the inner diametricstraight area portion 16 b in the inner race segment steppedarea 16 and, therefore, no excessive load acts on various portions of thehub axle 9 except for the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b and, also, various portions of theinner race segment 10, thereby minimizing deformation of the center bore 11 in thehub axle 9, in which thestem portion 13 a of the constant velocityuniversal joint 13 is engaged, and expansion of theinner race segment 10. In this way, it is possible to avoid the bearing functionality being adversely affected. At the time of the crimping process being performed, it is possible to facilitate plastic deformation of the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b of thehub axle 9 along theinclined surface portion 16 a of the inner race segment steppedarea 16. For this reason, a proper crimping can be accomplished to further ensure an acquisition of the bearing strength against the detachment of theinner race segment 10. - Since the plastically
deformed portion 9 b having an inner peripheral surface defined by the stepped largediametric portion 11 c in the center bore 11 is a thin walled portion of thehub axle 9, where the wall thickness is small, but the inner diameter is large with the entire volume being small, the crimping can easily be accomplished. Also, since the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b is small in volume, the height of projection h thereof will not increase more than necessary and, even though a step of the inner race segment steppedarea 16 is made small, it makes it possible to avoid contact of the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b with thestraight area portion 16 b of the inner race segment steppedarea 16. In addition, since the center bore 11 is rendered to be of the double stepped configuration as hereinbefore described, thestem portion 13 a of the constant velocity universal joint 12 can, when splined to the generaldiametric portion 11 a in the center bore 11, be readily inserted into the center bore 11, thus facilitating the assemblage. - Also, in this wheel support bearing assembly, since the
raceway surface 4 in thehub axle 9 is surface treated or hardened, lifetime of the rotatable member can be secured. Since the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b is rendered to be a non-heat treated portion, the crimping can be accomplished easily. In view of the fact that theinner race segment 10 is a small component part having theraceway surface 4 defined therein and has its inner diametric surface engaged in thehub axle 9, the entirety of theinner race segment 10 from surface to core can be hardened as hereinbefore described, resulting in excellent lifetime of the rotatable member and excellent resistance to friction of the mounting surface. Yet, since theinner race segment 10 engages the surface of the innerrace mounting area 15 of thehub axle 9, it is possible to render the resistance to friction to be excellent when the substantially entirety, except for a portion in proximity of the plastically deformed portion, is hardened by means of an induction heating technique. Since the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b of thehub axle 9 is rendered to be a non-hardened portion, the crimping can easily be accomplished. - Hereinafter, a method of crimping the plastically
deformed portion 9 b of thehub axle 9 into the inner race segment steppedarea 16 will be described in detail with particular reference toFIGS. 4 to 8 . In this crimping process, as shown inFIG. 4 , thehub flange 9 a integral with thehub axle 9 is mounted on asupport bench 18 by means of thehub bolts 17 so that the bearing assembly can rest on thesupport bench 18 with the inboard side thereof oriented upwardly. With the bearing assembly so placed as hereinabove described, as shown inFIG. 5 andFIG. 6 showing the portion X ofFIG. 5 on an enlarged scale, the crimpingpunch 16 of a structure, in which the front end portion outer peripheral surface is formed as atapered surface 19 a and a corner delimited between thistapered surface 19 a and the front end face 19 b is chamfered to define a chamfer (symbol R2), is lowered to a position above the inboard end of thehub axle 9 and the front end, which is tapered as at 19 a, is pressed into the inner peripheral surface of thehub axle 9 to allow the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b of thehub axle 9 to be press worked. The pressing of the crimpingpunch 19 is carried out while theinner race segment 10 has its outer diametric surface held in a non-constricted state. At this time, the outer diameter of the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b after the crimping process can be adjusted by controlling the stroke in which the crimpingpunch 19 is axially pressed. The stroke control can be accomplished according to one of the following three methods. -
FIG. 7A illustrates a method of controlling the stroke of the crimpingpunch 19 with the end face of thehub axle 9 taken as a stroke reference (zero point) for the crimpingpunch 19. According to this method, since the end face of thehub axle 9, which is an article to be processed, is used as a reference plane for the control, it is suited to control the degree of processing. -
FIG. 7B illustrates a method of controlling the stroke of the crimpingpunch 19 with theannular face 10 a of theinner race segment 10 taken as a stroke reference (zero point) for the crimpingpunch 19. According to this method, since theannular face 10 a of theinner race segment 10, which is a ground surface, is used as a reference plane for the control, it is possible to accomplish a highly precise control. -
FIG. 7C illustrates a method of controlling the stroke of the crimpingpunch 19 so that while the position, at which the crimpingpunch 19 or a plane, spherical or conical jig for detecting the reference plane contacts thehub axle 9, is used as a reference plane (zero point) for the control, the crimpingpunch 19 can be lowered a predetermined stroke from such position. According to this method, since the starting point of the crimping process is used as a reference plane for the control, it is possible to secure a stable degree of processing without being affected by a variation in tolerance of, for example, the position of the end face and/or inner diameter of thehub axle 9. - In any of those control methods, since the outer and inner diameters of the plastically
deformed portion 9 b after the crimping has been completed are adjusted by adjusting the axial stroke over which the crimpingpunch 19 is pressed axially, the wheel support bearing assembly can be manufactured stably at all times with high precision with being less affected by a factor (matrix hardness, heat treatment range, shape and dimensions of the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b and others), which results in variation in processing precision resulting from thehub axle 9, which is an article to be processed, and a condition (surface deterioration, condition of oil sticking thereto and others) of the crimping punch. Since those control methods can bring about different advantages and have different applicability, one of those control methods, which is considered optimum, should be selected in consideration of the various conditions such as shape of the bearing, application and others. - When the press work is carried out while the stroke of the crimping
punch 19 is adjusted according to one of the above discussed control methods, the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b of thehub axle 9 can be crimped in the inner race segment steppedarea 16 as shown inFIG. 6 showing that portion X ofFIG. 5 on an enlarged scale. - Here, for the purpose of explaining the reason that in the illustrated embodiment the corner delimited between the tapered surface and the front end face of the crimping
punch 19 is chambered, the conventionally practiced crimping process will be discussed with particular reference toFIGS. 20A and 20B andFIGS. 21A and 21B . - The crimping equipment is desirable if it can be available at a low cost and compact in size and, for this reason, it is necessary to minimize the processing load as much as possible. In order to minimize the processing load, the tapering angle α of the tapered
surface 37 a of the crimpingpunch 37 as shown inFIG. 20A is preferably of a small value. However, where the diametric expansion is desired to the same diameter (Φc inFIG. 20A ), the smaller the tapering angle α, the longer the axial dimension D required by thehub crimping surface 29 c as shown inFIG. 20A . If this axial dimension D is large, it may occur that thefree end corner 37 b of the crimpingpunch 37 will interfere with aroot 29 d of the hub crimping portion as shown inFIG. 20B . - On the other hand, the hub inner
diametric surface 29 e shown inFIG. 21A will define a guide surface for the stem portion of the constant velocity universal joint and, in order to secure a guide length, the crimping allowance (F dimension) cannot take a large value. Also, if the R portion (symbol R1) of theroot 29 d of the hub crimping portion is reduced, it will result in lowering of the rigidity of the hub. Yet, as shown inFIG. 21B , if the free end length of thepunch 37 is decreased and the free end diameter ΦG is increased, the free end face of thepunch 37 will contact the hub end face 29 f and/or the chamferedportion 29 g and this may lead to difficulty in accomplishing the crimping and also to formation of burrs. - In contrast thereto, in the embodiment shown in
FIG. 6 , at the time of crimping, since the free end portion outer peripheral surface of the crimpingpunch 19 represents the taperedsurface 19 a and the corner between thistapered surface 19 a and thefree end face 19 b is chamfered to define the chamfer R2, there is no possibility that thefree end corner 19 c of the crimpingpunch 19, which has been chamfered, will interfere with the root of the hub crimping portion (root of the stepped largediametric portion 11 c) 9 d even though in order to reduce the processing load, the angle α (SeeFIG. 20A .) of the taperedsurface 19 a of the crimpingpunch 19 is reduced and, as a result thereof, the axial dimension D (SeeFIG. 20A .) required by ahub crimping surface 9 ba that is formed in the stepped largediametric portion 11 c of the hub center bore 11 increases. - Also, since the punch free end corner and the
hub crimping root 9 d do not interfere with each other, it is possible to secure a hub inner diametric surface, which defines a guide surface for thestem portion 13 a (SeeFIG. 1 .) of the constant velocityuniversal joint 12, that is, a guide length of the stepped intermediatediametric portion 11 b of the hub center bore 11. Furthermore, there is no possibility that reduction of the free end length of the crimpingpunch 19 and increase of the free end diameter do not result in difficulty in accomplishing the crimping, because of contact of the free end face of thepunch 19 with thehub end face 9 c and/or the chamfered portion (SeeFIGS. 21A and 21B .) during the crimping, and/or occurrence of burrs. - As discussed above, the crimping can be carried out smoothly. And a portion of the
hub axle 9, which eventually forms the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b, has an inner diametric surface that is large in diameter and has a small wall thickness before and after the crimping processing takes place. When after the crimping has been completed, the crimpingpunch 19 is retracted from the inboard end portion of thehub axle 9 as shown inFIG. 8 , the crimping completes. - According to the foregoing manufacturing method, the stroke, over which the crimping
punch 19 is pressed axially, can be adjusted in dependence on the factor, which results in variation in processing precision resulting from thehub axle 9, which is an article to be processed and the condition of the crimpingpunch 19. Because of this, the press work can be performed at all time stably to such an extent that the height h of projection of the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b in the radial direction may attain a required value, thus ensuring prevention of theinner race segment 10 from being detached in the completed product. Since this crimping process is carried out by pressing the crimpingpunch 19, in which the free end portion outer peripheral surface represents the taperedsurface 19 a and thecorner 19 c between thistapered surface 19 a and thefree end face 19 b are chamfered, axially into the inner periphery of the inboard end portion of thehub axle 9, no interference of the crimpingpunch 19 with theinner race segment 10 and thehub axle 9 during the crimping process occur and the diameter expansion and crimping process can be accurately and easily accomplished to a required degree of processing. - In the next, a second preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described with particular reference to
FIGS. 9 and 10 and also toFIG. 1 used in describing the first preferred embodiment. In this embodiment, component parts similar to those shown in and described with reference toFIG. 1 are designated by like reference numerals used inFIG. 1 and the details thereof are not reiterated for the sake of brevity. - As shown in
FIG. 9 illustrating, on an enlarged scale, the wheel support bearing assembly shown inFIG. 1 , the annular steppedarea 16 of theinner race segment 10 is machined and, after this machining, the hubaxle mounting surface 10 b, which is an inner race segment diametric surface portion continued from the annular steppedarea 16, is ground to define a ground surface. Accordingly, as shown inFIG. 10A showing, on an enlarged scale, a section of that portion Y inFIG. 9 , atransit portion 16 ba between the hubaxle mounting surface 10 b and theinclined surface portion 16 a within the steppedarea 16 is rendered to represent a sharp corner shape. The axial range W (FIG. 9 ) of thetransit portion 16 ba is so chosen as to be within the range which does not intersect a line of extension L of the rolling element contact angle θ. This axial range W of thetransit portion 16 ba represents W>0 (that is, thetransit portion 16 ba shown inFIG. 9 orFIG. 10 is positioned on the right (inboard side) of the line of extension L of the contact angle). -
FIG. 10B illustrates, on an enlarged scale, a comparative example, in which after the hubaxle mounting surface 10 b has been ground, the annular steppedarea 16 is ground. In this comparative example, thetransit portion 16 ba between the hubaxle mounting surface 10 b and theinclined surface portion 16 a of the steppedarea 16 represents an arcuately sectioned curved portion of R0.3 (mm). - The inboard end portion of the
hub axle 9 is provided with the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b by means of the crimping process, in whichportion 9 b is engageable with theinclined surface portion 16 a that is rendered to be a tapered surface in the inner surface of the steppedarea 16 of theinner race segment 10. It is to be noted thatFIG. 9 illustrates a condition of the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b after the latter has been crimped. This plasticallydeformed portion 9 b does not protrude outwardly from theannular face 10 a of theinner race segment 10. Also, the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b is so formed as to bring about a radial gap between it and thestraight area portion 16 b of the steppedarea 16. The crimping process referred to above is applied over the entire circumference by means of, for example, a press work. This crimping process is carried out by means of a diametric expansion crimping, in which the entire circumference of the inboard end portion of thehub axle 9 is expanded radially outwardly. The plasticallydeformed portion 9 b of thehub axle 9, where the crimping is performed, is rendered to be a non-heat treated portion. Also, the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b, where the crimping is performed, represents a cylindrical portion before the crimping is performed, and such cylindrical portion has a diameter greater than that of the remaining portion of thehub axle 9 and also has a wall thickness smaller than that of the remaining portion of thehub axle 9. - It is to be noted that the wheel support bearing assembly of the present invention can be utilized in various standard automotive vehicles ranging from, for example, a compact car to a large size automobile and, therefore, has dimensions appropriate to such standard automotive vehicle.
- According to the wheel support bearing assembly of the foregoing embodiment, since the hub
axle mounting surface 10 b, which is an inner diametric portion continued to the annular steppedarea 16, is rendered to be a ground surface and thetransit portion 16 ba between this hubaxle mounting surface 10 b and theinclined surface portion 16 a of the steppedarea 16 is rendered to represent the sharp corner shape, adherence of the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b to the steppedarea 16 resulting from the crimping can be increased and the amount of movement of theinner race segment 10 relative to thehub axle 9, which would occur when an external force acts during assemblage onto the vehicle body, can be minimized. - The following Table 1 illustrates results of inner race segment drawing experiments conducted on the wheel support bearing assembly according to this embodiment, in which the inner race segment stepped
area 16 is of the structure shown inFIG. 10A , and the wheel support bearing assembly as a comparative example, in which the inner race segment stepped area is of the structure shown inFIG. 10B . The crimping force applied in this case is 140 kN and the amount of movement of the inner race segment was that when loaded with 20 kN. -
TABLE 1 Inner race segment Movement Amt. Crimping Force when loaded with 20 kN. Embodiment 140 kN 30 to 33 μm Comparison 47 to 50 μm - From the results of experiments, it can readily be seen that as compared with the amount of movement of the inner race segment exhibited by the comparative example (47 to 50 μm), the amount of movement of the inner race segment in the second preferred embodiment (30 to 33 μm) is small.
- Also, even in this embodiment, since the
inclined surface portion 16 a within the steppedarea 16 is rendered to be a tapered surface inclined relative to the axial direction of theinner race segment 10, as compared with the case in which this end face 16 b is rendered to be a vertical surface, the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b of thehub axle 9 can, when crimped, deform plastically so as to contact with no gap and, therefore, the reliability in engagement with the steppedarea 16 will become excellent. For this reason, the crimping of the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b can be facilitated. - Yet, since the axial range W (
FIG. 9 ) of thetransit portion 16 ba with theinclined surface 16 a within the stepped are 16 lie within a range, in which it does not intersect the line of extension L of the rolling element contact angle θ, there is no possibility that the sharp corner shape of thetransit portion 16 ba may be ruined by an inner race segment deformation under an imposed load during assemblage onto the automotive vehicle and, therefore, the amount of movement of the inner race segment can be reduced. - Hereinafter, a third preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with particular reference to
FIGS. 11 to 17 . It is however to be noted that in this embodiment, component parts similar to those employed in the first and second embodiments are designated by like reference numerals used therein and, therefore, the details thereof are not reiterated for the sake of brevity. - The wheel support bearing assembly according to the third preferred embodiment is shown in
FIG. 11 and an enlarged sectional view thereof is shown inFIGS. 12 and 14 . - The inboard end portion of the
hub axle 9 is provided by the crimping process with the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b engageable with theinclined surface portion 16 a from the axial direction of the annular steppedarea 16 of theinner race segment 10. It is to be noted thatFIG. 12 illustrates a condition before the crimping process is carried out to form the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b whereasFIG. 14 illustrates a condition after the crimping has been carried out. Although the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b is of a type that does not protrude outwardly from theannular face 10 a of theinner race segment 10, the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b in this embodiment may or may not contact the inner diametric surface of the annular steppedarea 16 of theinner race segment 10. The plasticallydeformed portion 9 b has a hardness equal to or lower than HRC 28. - The inner peripheral surface of the center bore 11 of the
hub axle 9 includes the generaldiametric portion 11 a, in which thesplined grooves 11 d are formed. Also, the periphery of the center bore 11 of thehub axle 9 includes a double stepped portion situated on the inboard side of the generaldiametric portion 11 a. The double stepped portion includes the stepped largediametric portion 11 c on the inboard side, and the stepped intermediatediametric portion 11 b having a diameter smaller than that of the largediametric portion 11 c, but greater than the maximum diameter of the generaldiametric portion 11 a as measured between radially opposed groove bottoms of thesplined grooves 11 d. The largediametric portion 11 c has an outer peripheral wall portion representing a cylindrical portion where the crimping is carried out. Also, the intermediatediametric portion 11 b is held at a position B axially deeper than an axial position A of the steppedarea 16 of theinner race segment 10. - The crimping process referred to above is carried out by the use of the crimping
punch 19 of a type shown inFIG. 13 . This crimpingpunch 19 has a free end portion outer periphery rendered to be a taperedsurface 19 a serving as an abutment surface and, by pressing thistapered surface 19 a into an open edge at an inner periphery of the cylindrical portion of the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b, the cylindrical portion referred to above can be crimped to an expanded diameter to thereby form the plasticallydeformed portion 9 b. -
FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate the crimping process discussed hereinabove. In this crimping process, the bearing assembly is first placed on asupport bench 18 with the inboard side thereof oriented upwardly as shown inFIG. 15 . In this condition before the crimping, a lubricant oil is applied to one or both of the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion of thehub axle 9 and the free end outer peripheral surface of the crimpingpunch 19. For the lubricant oil used in this case, a lubricant oil containing molybdenum can be suitably employed. With the lubricant oil so applied, the crimpingpunch 19 is lowered onto the inboard end face of thehub axle 9 as shown inFIG. 16A to conduct the crimping process as explained with reference toFIG. 13 .FIG. 16B illustrates a fragmentary enlarged view showing the crimping taking place as shown inFIG. 16A . When the crimpingpunch 19 is thereafter retracted from the inboard side of thehub axle 9, the crimping completes. - As hereinabove described, in the crimping process, since before the crimping is performed with the crimping
punch 19, the lubricant oil is applied to one or both of the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion of thehub axle 9 and the outer periphery of the free end portion of the crimpingpunch 19, and the crimping is carried out in this oil applied condition, it is possible to avoid a clinging or seizure that may occur at a portion of thehub axle 8, where the crimpingpunch 19 contacts, thereby resulting in not only increase of the quality of appearance of the product, but also increase of the lifetime of the crimpingpunch 19. Also, application of the lubricant oil is effective to reduce the load during the process even though it is a product of the same degree of processing (that is, the same processing stroke) and, therefore, not only can the crimping be facilitated, but also the size of the crimping equipment can be minimized to minimize the equipment investment. -
FIG. 17 illustrates the chart showing results of experiments conducted to determine the relation between the processing stroke of the crimpingpunch 19 and the processed load when the crimping is carried out in the oil applied condition as described above and when the crimping is carried out without the lubricant oil applied, respectively. It will readily be understood that from the results of experiments, the method in which the crimping is carried out with the lubricant oil applied has exhibited reduction of the processed load as compared with the method in which the crimping is carried out with no lubricant oil applied. - Preferred embodiments of the wheel support bearing assembly of the present invention of the structure described hereinbefore include the following modes:
- The wheel support bearing assembly of the present invention, which forms a structure fundamental to the following modes of embodiment, is a wheel support bearing assembly for rotatably supporting a vehicle drive wheel, which includes an outer member having an inner periphery formed with a double row of raceway surfaces, an inner member having raceway surfaces formed therein and opposite to those raceway surfaces in the outer member, and a double row of rolling elements each row interposed between the respective raceway surfaces in the outer and inner members, in which the inner member is made up of a hub axle, having a wheel mounting hub flange formed in an outer periphery thereof and also having a center bore, and an inner race segment mounted on an outer periphery of an inboard end portion of the hub axle, with the raceway surfaces being defined respectively in the hub axle and the inner race segment; in which the inner race segment has an inner peripheral surface provided with an annular stepped area that extends to an inboard end face of the inner race segment and has a depth defined at an inner peripheral edge of an inboard end face of the inner race segment; and in which this annular stepped area is of a shape made up of a straight area portion in the form of a cylindrical surface and an inclined surface portion continued from a outboard end of the straight area portion to the inner peripheral surface of the inner race segment, and a plastically deformed portion engageable with the inclined surface portion of the annular stepped area in the inner race segment as a result of crimping of the hub axle is provided in the hub axle.
- [Mode 1]
- In the wheel support bearing assembly of the fundamental structure referred to above, the center bore of the hub axle has an inner peripheral surface formed with the splined grooves engageable with the splined projections in the outer peripheral surface of the stem portion of the constant velocity universal joint and a portion located on an inboard side of the general diametric portion, where the splined grooves in the inner peripheral surface of the center bore, is of a double stepped configuration made up of the stepped large diametric portion, which defines the inner peripheral surface of the plastically deformed portion, and the stepped intermediate diametric portion having a diameter smaller than that of the large diametric portion, but greater than that of the general diametric portion.
- Where this mode of embodiment is employed, the inboard end portion of the hub axle, in which the large diametric portion of the center bore defines the inner peripheral surface, is crimped as the plastically deformed portion to avoid the detachment of the inner race segment during the assemblage onto the automotive vehicle, and the splined projections on the stem portion outer periphery of the constant velocity universal joint are engaged in the respective splined grooves formed in the general diametric portion of the center bore to thereby cause the stem portion of the constant velocity universal joint to be splined to the center bore.
- Since the plastically deformed portion referred to above is a portion of the hub axle, where the inner diameter is large and the wall thickness is small, and the volume of the entirety thereof is small, it makes it possible to render the inner race segment stepped area to be small, facilitating the crimping process. Also, since the center bore is rendered to be of a double stepped configuration, in which the inner diameter is large on the inboard side, the stem portion of the constant velocity universal joint can be easily inserted from the inboard side, when the stem portion of the constant velocity universal joint is splined to the general diametric portion of the center bore, thus facilitating the assembly.
- [Mode 2]
- In the wheel support bearing assembly of the fundamental structure referred to above, the raceway surface in the hub axle is rendered to be a surface hardened, the plastically deformed portion is rendered to be the non-heat treated portion, and the inner race segment is hardened in its entirety from surface to core by means of a hardening treatment.
- Although the raceway surface in the hub axle is preferred to represent the hardened surface having an increased hardness in order to increase the rolling lifetime, that portion where the crimping is carried out is preferred to be the non-heat treated portion in order to facilitate the crimping. Since the inner race segment is a small component part having the raceway surface and has the inner diametric surface engaged in the hub axle, to use the hardening treatment to make it to be hardened from surface to core is preferred in terms of increase of the rolling lifetime and the frictional resistance of the mounting surface.
- [Mode 3]
- In the wheel support bearing assembly of the fundamental structure referred to above, the axial range of the transit portion is so chosen to be within the range that does not intersect the line of extension of the rolling element contact angle.
- Where the axial range of the transit portion intersects the line of extension of the rolling element contact angle, there is the possibility that deformation of the inner race segment under the influence of the imposed load during the operation would be considerable. Since the axial range is so chosen to be within the range that does not intersect the line of extension of the rolling element contact angle, such deformation of the inner race segment under the influence of the imposed load during the operation can be minimized while securing the bearing strength against the possible detachment and, accordingly, it is possible to avoid the reduction of the rolling lifetime and the frictional wear of the mounting surface.
- The following modes of developed examples to the wheel support bearing assembly of the above described fundamental structure are also available:
- [Mode 4]
- The wheel support bearing assembly of the present invention, which forms a structure fundamental to the following modes of embodiment, is a wheel support bearing assembly for rotatably supporting a vehicle drive wheel, which includes an outer member having an inner periphery formed with a double row of raceway surfaces, an inner member having raceway surfaces formed therein and opposite to those raceway surfaces in the outer member, and a double row of rolling elements each row interposed between the respective raceway surfaces in the outer and inner members, in which the inner member is made up of a hub axle, having a wheel mounting hub flange formed in an outer periphery thereof and also having a center bore, and an inner race segment mounted on an outer periphery of an inboard end portion of the hub axle, with the raceway surfaces being defined respectively in the hub axle and the inner race segment; in which an inner peripheral surface of the inner race segment is provided with an annular stepped area that extends to an inboard end face of the inner race segment and having a depth defined at an inner peripheral edge of an inboard end face of the inner race segment; the plastically deformed portion engageable with a stepped surface oriented in the axial direction of the stepped area in the inner race segment is provided in the hub axle by means of the crimping of the hub axle; the plastically deformed portion is rendered not to protrude outwardly beyond the end face of the inner race segment; a hub axle mounting surface, which is an inner diametric surface portion continued to the stepped area in the inner race segment is rendered to be the ground surface; a transit portion between the hub axle mounting surface and the stepped surface of the stepped area is rendered to represent the sharp corner shape.
- [Mode 5]
- In
Mode 4 referred to above, the wheel support bearing assembly in which the stepped surface of the stepped area is rendered to be a tapered surface inclined relative to the axial direction of the inner race segment. - [Mode 6]
- In
Mode 4 referred to above, the wheel support bearing assembly in which the axial range of the transit portion is chosen to be the range which does not intersect the line of extension of the ball contact angle. - [Mode 7]
- In
Mode 4 referred to above, the wheel support bearing assembly in which the raceway surface of the hub axle is rendered to be a surface hardened; the plastically deformed portion is rendered to be the non-heat treated portion; and the inner race segment is hardened in its entirety from surface to core by means of the hardening treatment. - [Mode 8]
- The wheel support bearing assembly of the present invention, which forms a structure fundamental to the following modes of embodiment, is a wheel support bearing assembly for rotatably supporting a vehicle drive wheel, which includes an outer member having an inner periphery formed with a double row of raceway surfaces, an inner member having raceway surfaces formed therein and opposite to those raceway surfaces in the outer member, and a double row of rolling elements each row interposed between the respective raceway surfaces in the outer and inner members, in which the inner member is made up of a hub axle, having a wheel mounting hub flange formed in an outer periphery thereof and also having a center bore, and an inner race segment mounted on an outer periphery of an inboard end portion of the hub axle, with the raceway surfaces being defined respectively in the hub axle and the inner race segment; in which the inner peripheral surface of the inner race segment is provided with an annular stepped area that extends to an inboard end face of the inner race segment and having a depth defined at an inner peripheral edge of an inboard end face of the inner race segment; the plastically deformed portion engageable with a stepped surface oriented in the axial direction of the stepped area in the inner race segment is provided in the hub axle; the plastically deformed portion is formed by pressing the crimping punch into the open edge of a cylindrical portion at the end of the hub axle to expand the diameter thereof; and a lubricant is applied to the surface of the plastically deformed portion with which the crimping punch contacts.
- Also, the following modes of developed examples are available to the method of manufacturing the wheel support bearing assembly according to the present invention;
- [Mode 9]
- A method of manufacturing the wheel support bearing assembly of a structure, which includes an outer member having an inner periphery formed with a double row of raceway surfaces, an inner member having raceway surfaces formed therein and opposite to those raceway surfaces in the outer member, and a double row of rolling elements each row interposed between the respective raceway surfaces in the outer and inner members, in which the inner member is made up of a hub axle, having a wheel mounting hub flange formed in an outer periphery thereof and also having a center bore, and an inner race segment mounted on an outer periphery of an inboard end portion of the hub axle, with the raceway surfaces being defined respectively in the hub axle and the inner race segment; in which an inner peripheral surface of the inner race segment is provided with an annular stepped area extends to an inboard end face of the inner race segment and having a depth defined at an inner peripheral edge of an inboard end face of the inner race segment; and the plastically deformed portion engageable with a stepped surface oriented in the axial direction of the stepped area in the inner race segment is provided in the hub axle; and which method includes preparing a predecessor of the plastically deformed portion of the hub axle in the wheel support bearing assembly, which has not yet been cramped and is a cylindrical shape, pressing the crimping punch into the open edge of the cylindrical plastically deformed portion to expand the diameter thereof to allow the cylindrical plastically deformed portion to be crimped in the diameter expanded condition; and performing the crimping while, prior to the crimping with the crimping punch, a lubricant is applied to one or both of the inner peripheral surface of a cylindrical portion of the hub axle and the free end portion outer periphery of the crimping punch.
- [Mode 10]
- In
Mode 9 referred to above, the center bore of the hub axle in the wheel support bearing assembly referred to above has an inner peripheral surface formed with the splined grooves engageable with the splined projections in the outer peripheral surface of the stem portion of the constant velocity universal joint; that inboard portion of the general diametric portion, where the splined grooves in the inner peripheral surface of the center bore, is of a double stepped configuration made up of the stepped large diametric portion, which defines the inner peripheral surface of the plastically deformed portion, and the stepped intermediate diametric portion having a diameter smaller than that of the large diametric portion, but greater than that of the general diametric portion; and the outer peripheral wall portion of the large diametric portion is the cylindrical portion where the crimping referred to above is carried out. - Since the inboard end portion of the center bore is so shaped as to represent the double stepped configuration as hereinabove described, the intermediate diametric portion serves as a guide when the stem portion of the constant velocity universal joint is to be inserted, resulting in increase of the assemblability. Also, since the inboard end portion of the center bore is so shaped as to represent the double stepped configuration, the cylindrical portion of the hub axle, where the crimping is performed, can have an increased wall thickness, thus facilitating the crimping.
- [Mode 11]
- In
Mode 9 referred to above, the wheel support bearing assembly is such that the inner race segment is hardened from surface to core and the plastically deformed portion is rendered to be the non-heat treated portion, the surface of the inner race segment mounting portion of the hub axle being hardened in its entirety by means of the induction hardening technique. - The inner race segment is a small component part having the raceway surface and has the inner diametric surface engaged in the hub axle, hardening of the entirety from surface to core by means of the heat treatment is preferred in terms of increase of the rolling lifetime and the frictional resistance of the mounting surface. In view of the inner race segment being mounted on the surface of the inner race segment mounting portion in the hub axle, hardening of the entirety of the inner race segment mounting portion by means of the induction heat treatment is preferred in terms of increase of the frictional resistance. In contrast thereto, the plastically deformed portion is preferably rendered to be the non-heat treated portion in terms of easiness of crimping.
Claims (10)
1. A wheel support bearing assembly for rotatably supporting a vehicle drive wheel, which comprises:
an outer member having an inner periphery formed with a double row of raceway surfaces, an inner member having raceway surfaces formed therein and opposite to those raceway surfaces in the outer member, and a double row of rolling elements each row interposed between the respective raceway surfaces in the outer and inner members;
the inner member being made up of a hub axle, having a wheel mounting hub flange formed in an outer periphery thereof and also having a center bore, and an inner race segment mounted on an outer periphery of an inboard end portion of the hub axle, with the raceway surfaces being defined respectively in the hub axle and the inner race segment;
the inner race segment having an inner peripheral surface provided with an annular stepped area that extends to an inboard end face of the inner race segment and has a depth defined at an inner peripheral edge of an inboard end face of the inner race segment, the annular stepped area being of a shape made up of a straight area portion in the form of a cylindrical surface and an inclined surface portion continued from an outboard end of the straight area portion to the inner peripheral surface of the inner race segment, and a plastically deformed portion engageable with the inclined surface portion of the annular stepped area in the inner race segment as a result of crimping of the hub axle being provided in the hub axle.
2. The wheel support bearing assembly for rotatably supporting the vehicle drive wheel as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the plastically deformed portion is a portion crimped in a diametric expanded condition by pressing a crimping punch, having a free end portion outer peripheral surface that is tapered, into an inner periphery of the inboard end portion of the hub axle.
3. The wheel support bearing assembly for rotatably supporting the vehicle drive wheel as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the inclined surface portion is a tapered surface and the plastically deformed portion does not protrude outwardly beyond the end face of the inner race segment and does not contact the straight area portion of the stepped area.
4. The wheel support bearing assembly for rotatably supporting the vehicle drive wheel as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the plastically deformed portion does not protrude outwardly beyond the end face of the inner race segment and the crimping punch has a corner delimited between the tapered surface and a free end face thereof, which is chamfered.
5. The wheel support bearing assembly for rotatably supporting the vehicle drive wheel as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the plastically deformed portion does not protrude outwardly beyond the end face of the inner race segment; a hub axle mounting surface, which is an inner diametric surface portion continued from the stepped area in the inner race segment, is rendered to be a ground surface; and a transit portion between the hub axle mounting surface and the inclined surface portion of the stepped area is of a sharp corner shape.
6. The wheel support bearing assembly for rotatably supporting the vehicle driven wheel as claimed in claim 2 , wherein a surface of the plastically deformed portion, which contacts the crimping punch, is applied with a lubricant.
7. A method of manufacturing a wheel support bearing assembly, which comprises
an outer member having an inner periphery formed with a double row of raceway surfaces, an inner member having raceway surfaces formed therein and opposite to those raceway surfaces in the outer member, and a double row of rolling elements each row interposed between the respective raceway surfaces in the outer and inner members;
the inner member being made up of a hub axle, having a wheel mounting hub flange formed in an outer periphery thereof and also having a center bore, and an inner race segment mounted on an outer periphery of an inboard end portion of the hub axle;
the hub axle and the inner race segment being formed with the rows of the raceway surfaces, respectively; and
the inner race segment having an inner peripheral surface provided with an annular stepped area that extends to an inboard end of the inner race segment and has a depth defined at an inner peripheral edge of an inboard end face of the inner race segment, the annular stepped area being of a shape made up of a straight area portion in the form of a cylindrical surface and an inclined surface portion continued from an outboard end of the straight area portion to the inner peripheral surface of the inner race segment, and a plastically deformed portion engageable with the inclined surface portion of the annular stepped area in the inner race segment as a result of crimping of the hub axle being provided in the hub axle; and in which method:
the plastically deformed portion, being of a cylindrical configuration before it is deformed, being formed by pressing a crimping punch, of which front end portion outer peripheral surface is a tapered shape, axially into an inner peripheral surface of the inboard end portion of the hub axle to allow the cylindrical plastically deformed portion to be crimped in the diameter expanded condition.
8. The method of manufacturing the wheel support bearing assembly as claimed in claim 7 , further comprising adjusting an axial stroke, over which the crimping punch is pressed, to adjust an outer diameter of the plastically deformed portion after crimping has been carried out.
9. The method of manufacturing the wheel support bearing assembly as claimed in claim 7 , further comprising applying a lubricant oil, before the crimping is performed with the crimping punch, to one or both of an inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical plastically deformed portion of the hub axle and the front end portion outer periphery of the crimping punch, the crimping being performed in a lubricant applied condition.
10. The method of manufacturing the wheel support bearing assembly as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the crimping punch has a corner delimited between the tapered surface and a free end face, which corner is chamfered.
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005-350479 | 2005-12-05 | ||
JP2005350479A JP4947963B2 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2005-12-05 | Wheel bearing device and manufacturing method thereof |
JP2006-004978 | 2006-01-12 | ||
JP2006004978A JP5283315B2 (en) | 2006-01-12 | 2006-01-12 | Wheel bearing device |
JP2006-010702 | 2006-01-19 | ||
JP2006010702A JP5283316B2 (en) | 2006-01-19 | 2006-01-19 | Manufacturing method of wheel bearing device |
JP2006021042A JP5283317B2 (en) | 2006-01-30 | 2006-01-30 | Manufacturing method of wheel bearing device |
JP2006-021042 | 2006-01-30 | ||
PCT/JP2006/323557 WO2007066525A1 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2006-11-27 | Bearing device for wheel and method of producing the same |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2006/323557 A-371-Of-International WO2007066525A1 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2006-11-27 | Bearing device for wheel and method of producing the same |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/467,524 Division US8745874B2 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2012-05-09 | Method of manufacturing wheel support bearing assembly |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20090154856A1 true US20090154856A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
Family
ID=38122673
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/086,000 Abandoned US20090154856A1 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2006-11-27 | Wheel Support Bearing Assembly and Method of Manufacturing the Same |
US13/467,524 Active 2026-12-16 US8745874B2 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2012-05-09 | Method of manufacturing wheel support bearing assembly |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/467,524 Active 2026-12-16 US8745874B2 (en) | 2005-12-05 | 2012-05-09 | Method of manufacturing wheel support bearing assembly |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20090154856A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE112006003288T5 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007066525A1 (en) |
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US20120216407A1 (en) * | 2005-12-05 | 2012-08-30 | Ntn Corporation | Method of manufacturing wheel support bearing assembly |
US20140100044A1 (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2014-04-10 | Takahiro Kimura | Face spline molding device, face spline molding method, outer joint member, and constant velocity universal joint |
WO2015124125A1 (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2015-08-27 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Rolling-riveted wheel bearing arrangement with a stepped inner ring |
CN116951006A (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-10-27 | 万向钱潮股份公司 | Hub bearing installation method and device |
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KR101398985B1 (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-05-27 | 주식회사 일진글로벌 | Taper roller wheel bearing assembly |
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US20120216407A1 (en) * | 2005-12-05 | 2012-08-30 | Ntn Corporation | Method of manufacturing wheel support bearing assembly |
US8745874B2 (en) * | 2005-12-05 | 2014-06-10 | Ntn Corporation | Method of manufacturing wheel support bearing assembly |
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US9868320B2 (en) | 2014-02-18 | 2018-01-16 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Rolling-riveted wheel bearing arrangement with a stepped inner ring |
CN116951006A (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-10-27 | 万向钱潮股份公司 | Hub bearing installation method and device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2007066525A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
DE112006003288T5 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
US8745874B2 (en) | 2014-06-10 |
US20120216407A1 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
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