US20070274044A1 - Cooling Device For an Electronic Component, Especially for a Microprocessor - Google Patents
Cooling Device For an Electronic Component, Especially for a Microprocessor Download PDFInfo
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- US20070274044A1 US20070274044A1 US10/566,797 US56679704A US2007274044A1 US 20070274044 A1 US20070274044 A1 US 20070274044A1 US 56679704 A US56679704 A US 56679704A US 2007274044 A1 US2007274044 A1 US 2007274044A1
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- Prior art keywords
- heat sink
- sink part
- projections
- cooling device
- electronic component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/46—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids
- H01L23/473—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids by flowing liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/42—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or encapsulations selected or arranged to facilitate heating or cooling
- H01L23/427—Cooling by change of state, e.g. use of heat pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/20009—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a gaseous coolant in electronic enclosures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cooling device for an electronic component, especially for a microprocessor, with the features of the preamble of claim 1 .
- the invention relates to a rack for storing several electronic components, such as servers for data-processing systems, with the features of the preamble of claim 8 .
- the individual electronic components such as, for example, a plurality of servers, are stored in cabinets or racks, in order to guarantee an ordered installation and cabling of the individual components.
- the climate is controlled in racks or cabinets for such electronic components, i.e., the waste power generated by the components in the form of heat energy is dissipated with suitable means.
- rack is used both for closed cabinets and also for open shelves, in which the individual components are stored.
- the waste power is generated mainly by electronic parts of the individual components.
- the predominant portion of the waste power is generated by microprocessors.
- the waste power of a processor has been up to now on the order of magnitude of ca. 100 W.
- Waste power in this range was dissipated with processor fans, i.e., a combination of a metallic heat sink and a fan component, from the processor into the interior of the housing of the server or the electronic components, from there into the interior of the (preferably closed) rack, and then to the outside air surrounding the rack.
- processor fans i.e., a combination of a metallic heat sink and a fan component
- the waste power in the form of heat discharged from other assemblies and parts of the individual electronic components, such as power supply parts, drives, etc. i.e., from a plurality of individual electronic components, which, taken by themselves, definitely discharge a relatively small amount of waste power, so that a separate cooling of these electronic components is not worthwhile, wherein these small waste powers can add up to values from 100 to 150 W and more per electronic component.
- the invention is based on the problem of creating a cooling device for an electronic component, especially for a microprocessor, in which the actual heat sink can be mounted and removed easily, quickly, and without the risk of damaging or destroying the electronic component to be cooled.
- the invention is based on the problem of creating a rack for storing several electronic components, such as servers for data-processing systems, under the use of such cooling devices, which are cooled by a liquid heat carrier medium.
- the invention starts from the knowledge that, by means of a heat sink, which comprises a first heat sink part, which is formed for connecting to the electronic component, and a second heat sink part, which is connected detachably to the first heat sink part, such that a low resistance to heat transfer is given, wherein at least the predominant portion of the waste heat is transferred via the second heat sink part to a cooling medium, the advantage is achieved that for the first assembly of the cooling device, only the first heat sink part has to be thermally coupled and fixed to the electronic component to the cooled. This can even be performed by the manufacturer of the electronic component at the factory.
- the first heat sink part can also be mounted on the electronic component to be cooled by the manufacturer of this component.
- the first heat sink part can also be integrated with the housing of the electronic component, in particular, it can be connected permanently to this component.
- the second heat sink part can then be connected with good heat conductivity to the first heat sink part without the risk of damaging the electronic component. If necessary, the second heat sink part can then be removed from the first heat sink part without a problem.
- the second heat sink is formed as a heat sink carrying a flow of liquid coolant.
- the second heat sink part has at least one channel, which carries a flow of a liquid coolant, for example, water.
- a supply connection and a return connection which are to be connected to at least one channel.
- the first heat sink part preferably comprises a contact surface for thermal connection to the second heat sink part, which has a structure for increasing the contact surface, wherein the contact surface of the first heat sink part interacts with a complementary contact surface of the second heat sink part.
- the surface of the thermal interface between the first and the second heat sink parts can be greater than the surface of the thermal interface between the electronic component to be cooled and the first heat sink part.
- the structure for increasing the contact surface between the first and second heat sink parts is provided in the (horizontal cross-sectional) area of the first heat sink part, in which the first heat sink part contacts the electronic component to be cooled, thus in the region of so-called hot spots (in plan view on the component or the cooling device).
- the structures can be formed with at least one rib with beveled, preferably flat edges, and can preferably have a trapezoidal cross section.
- a structure has the advantage that extrusion molded parts that can be manufactured easily, with high precision, and economically, and can be used for realizing the second heat sink.
- the edge angle can be selected so that just through relatively low contact forces, which act on the second heat sink part in the direction towards the first heat sink part, a high surface pressure between the complementary structures of the first and the second heat sink parts is generated and thus a low heat transfer resistance is guaranteed.
- This advantage obviously can be achieved not only with complementary rib-shaped structures, but also very generally with structures which have sub-areas inclined at a suitable angle relative to the direction of the contact force acting on the first heat sink part in the direction towards the first heat sink part.
- a “hedgehog structure” can be used, in which a plurality of spike-like projections on the bottom side of the second heat sink part interact with a correspondingly complementary structure on the surface of the first heat sink part.
- the spike-like projections have correspondingly inclined outer surfaces.
- channels for the coolant can be provided at least in the ribs of the contact surface of the second heat sink part. In this way there is the advantage that the flow or flows of the coolant lie close to the surface of the component to be cooled.
- the channels can be arranged in the appropriate ribs, so that, through the provision of channels, relatively thin walls are created at least in essential regions of these ribs, which are in contact with corresponding complementary ribs of the first heat sink part.
- These walls can be dimensioned in terms of their thickness, depending on the material and the contact forces, so that they permit slight deformations due to contact forces, in order to guarantee the flattest possible contact of the outer sides of these walls on the complementary ribs of the first heat sink part and thus a good heat transfer.
- the second heat sink part can have, in the region of the supply connection and/or the return connection, a collection chamber, from which several channels for the coolant branch out or open into this chamber. In this way, a good heat transfer to the liquid coolant is achieved, because a larger surface can be reached than for a single channel possibly with a larger cross section.
- the middle region of the second heat sink can be realized with an extrusion molded part connected on opposing sides to a part forming the collection chamber and having the relevant supply or return connections.
- the second heat sink part can have larger dimensions than the first heat sink part in at least one direction, with reference to the contact surface with the first heat sink part. In this way, there is the advantage that the position of the first heat sink part relative to the second heat sink part is not critical for the assembly of the second heat sink part on the first heat sink part. For example, for a formation of the structure increasing the contact surface in the form of ribs, the second heat sink part can be shifted slightly relative to the first heat sink part without additional means.
- the second heat sink part can be formed so that an essentially uniform heat transfer with reference to the contact surface is possible by means of the coolant flow through the one or more channels in the contact surface with the first heat sink part.
- these channels can be formed by all of the actual contact surfaces with the first heat sink part. With reference to the actual contact surface, possible collection chambers on one or both ends of this middle region can then lie outside this surface.
- only one or more cooling ribs each with at least one channel can be formed, which are located in the region of the so-called “hot spots” of the electronic component to be cooled.
- the waste heat can be transferred to the coolant directly in the surroundings in which it is generated.
- the first heat sink part can be formed as a heat pipe.
- a heat pipe transports heat guided by means of an evacuated vessel, e.g., a metal pipe, from one point to another.
- an evacuated vessel e.g., a metal pipe
- the metal pipe itself, there is a relatively small volume of liquid, which can comprise distilled water as the predominant part (the remainder then consists of special additives, which optimize the heat transport).
- the liquid is under a low pressure, so that an evaporation temperature of about 30 degrees Celsius is realized. Only when the heat pipe is fed heat at one end, the water evaporates and transports the heat energy with very low loss to the cold end. There, the vapor condenses and transfers the heat accordingly. The condensed liquid flows back into the lower region of the vessel, whereby the circuit is closed.
- the heat to be dissipated can be transported with extremely low loss to a position at which this heat is transferred by means of the second heat sink part to the coolant and can finally be dissipated.
- the interface to the second heat sink part can be displaced to a position outside a housing, wherein the relevant end of the heat pipe can project through an opening in the housing. If the entire component is replaced, then the housing does not have to be opened. All that is required is to detach the second heat sink part from the first heat sink part.
- a rack according to the invention for storing several electronic components, such as servers for data-processing systems, is formed for cooling electronic parts in the individual electronic components, wherein several cooling devices according to the invention are provided with a second heat sink part carrying a flow of a liquid coolant.
- the second heat sink parts of the cooling devices can be connected with their supply and return connections to one or more central coolant reservoirs or to one or more central heat exchangers, by means of which heat can be drawn from the coolant.
- the one or more central coolant reservoirs or the one or more central heat exchangers can be arranged in or on the rack.
- the rack there can also be only one line system, which connects the supply connections of the cooling devices to one or more central supply connections of the rack and the return connections of the cooling devices to one or more central return connections of the rack.
- at least one, preferably rigid return riser which is arranged fixed in the rack and which has several connections for preferably flexible connection lines from respectively one connection to a return connection of a second heat sink part of a cooling device.
- FIG. 1 a perspective view of an embodiment of a cooling device according to the invention with the use of a liquid coolant
- FIG. 2 a perspective sectional view of the embodiment in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 a schematic side view of an embodiment of a rack according to the invention for several electronic components with a line system for the coolant, which respectively has a central supply and return connection;
- FIG. 4 a schematic view of another embodiment of a cooling device according to the invention in a (partial) sectional view
- FIG. 5 a schematic, perspective exploded view of another embodiment of a cooling device according to the invention with an advantageous mounting device.
- FIG. 1 shows a cooling device 1 schematically in a perspective view, which is mounted on an electronic component part 3 , for example, a microprocessor.
- the microprocessor 3 is arranged on a circuit board 5 , which is only hinted at and on which obviously other components or assemblies can also be provided.
- the circuit board 5 can be, for example, a mainboard of a server.
- the cooling device 1 comprises a first heat sink part 7 made from a material with good heat conductivity, for example, aluminum or copper, which is connected with good heat conductivity directly to the housing or a thermal interface of the electronic component to be cooled.
- it can be, for example, a heat sink plate (heat spreader) of a microprocessor or of the electronic component part 3 .
- the first heat sink part 7 has a structure on its side facing away from the component part 3 in the form of ribs 11 , which can have a trapezoidal cross section as shown in FIG. 2 .
- the second heat sink part 9 On the first heat sink part 7 there is a second heat sink part 9 made from a material with good heat conductivity, for example, aluminum or copper, and connected to this with good heat conductivity.
- the second heat sink part 9 is provided on its bottom side with a complementary structure in the form of ribs 13 .
- the ribs 13 In the ribs 13 there are channels 15 for a liquid coolant (not shown), which is carried through the channels 15 and which transports the waste power generated in the form of heat away from the electronic component part 3 .
- the arrangement of channels 15 in the ribs offers the advantage that for correspondingly thin walls of the ribs 15 , the coolant can be guided close to the surface of the component part 3 , especially also between the ribs 1 of the first heat sink part 7 .
- the trapezoidal configuration of the ribs 11 and 13 also offers the advantage that a high contact pressure of the side surfaces of the trapezoidal ribs 11 and 13 is generated with a low contact force F, which acts on the second heat sink part 9 in the direction towards the first heat sink part 7 , and consequently good thermal coupling can be guaranteed.
- the extent (parallel to the upper surface of the component part 3 ) of the middle region 17 of the second heat sink part 9 with the ribs 13 is at least as large as the extent of the surface of the first heat sink part 7 with the ribs 11 .
- an essentially constant heat transfer resistance is achieved in the contact surface of the two heat sink parts 7 and 9 —at least along lines parallel to the longitudinal direction of the ribs.
- a middle region 17 formed in this way also has the advantage that it can be manufactured from a highly precise and economical extrusion molded part. This also applies for the first heat sink part 7 .
- Each end region 19 or 21 which can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 , respectively, and which connects respectively to the two ends of the middle region of the second heat sink part 9 , can be identical in terms of outer contour to the middle region 17 . However, in the interior of each of the end regions 19 , 21 , there is a collection chamber (not shown), which is connected to the channels 15 .
- the regions 17 , 19 , 21 can obviously be formed integrally.
- an end region 19 , 21 can be manufactured so that from both sides, he inner walls between the channels 15 are removed partially or completely, for example, milled out, in the end regions of a corresponding extrusion molded part. The two-sided openings of the extrusion molded part can then be closed with corresponding covers, for example through soldering or the like.
- a supply connection 23 for a supply line and a return connection 25 for a return line are provided on the ends of the regions 19 , 21 .
- the coolant is fed via the supply line to the cooling device 1 with a mass flow sufficient for cooling at the given (sufficiently low) temperature and discharged via the return line.
- the assembly of the first heat sink part 7 on the electronic component part 3 can be realized in a conventional way by means of a suitable screw connection or by means of clamps or other suitable connection means.
- the first heat sink part can have attachment means, which are arranged, for example, on the side, and which can also project laterally over the surface of the component part 3 .
- the fixing of the first heat sink part 7 on the component part 3 can be realized relative to the circuit board 5 or a not-shown housing of an electronic component 27 ( FIG. 3 ), in which the circuit board 3 is arranged.
- the first heat sink part 7 can also be connected permanently to the component part 3 , for example, through adhesion with a heat-conductive paste, or can even be formed integrally with the housing of the component 7 .
- connection of the second heat sink part 9 to the first heat sink part 7 can also be realized by means of suitable, but in each case detachable connection means, for example, by screw connections, by means of fixing clamps or the like.
- the contact of the heat sink part 9 on the heat sink part 7 with sufficient pressure can also be realized by the placement and contact of a housing part of a housing of an electronic component 27 , in which the circuit board 5 with the component part 3 to be cooled and the cooling device 1 arranged on this component is included.
- This specific formation of the cooling device produces the advantage that the second heat sink part 9 acting as the actual heat sink can be detached from the first heat sink part 7 without having to detach the mechanically sensitive thermal interface between the component part 3 to be cooled and the first heat sink part.
- FIG. 3 shows a rack 29 schematically in a side view, in which a plurality of electronic components 27 , for example, servers for a large EDV [electronic data-processing] system, can be stored. For reasons of simplicity, in FIG. 3 only two electronic components 27 are shown.
- Each of the electronic components can have one or more component parts 3 to be cooled, which are cooled with a cooling device 1 according to the invention.
- the remaining waste heat generated by an electronic component 27 can be dissipated in a conventional manner by means of fans into the interior of the rack 29 and from there to the surroundings.
- a line system which feeds the coolant from a central supply connection 31 of the rack 29 to the supply connections 23 of the individual cooling devices 1 and feeds coolant from the return connections 25 of the individual cooling devices 1 to a central return connection 33 of the rack 29 , can be arranged in the rack.
- the coolant can be fed to the central supply connection 31 of the rack 29 from a central cooling device (not shown) and can be returned to this device by the central return connection 33 of the rack 29 .
- cooling devices 1 it is not absolutely necessary to connect all of the cooling devices 1 individually in parallel between the central supply and the central return of the rack 29 . Instead, several or all of the cooling devices 1 can be connected in series if the temperature of the coolant after leaving the input-connected cooling device 1 and the appropriate mass flow of the coolant permits this arrangement. Especially for the case in which several cooling devices 1 are provided in an electronic component, these cooling devices can be connected in series.
- the line system arranged in the rack can comprise a supply riser 35 , which leads the coolant from the central supply connection 31 of the rack 29 to individual connections 39 , which are each connected or can be connected to a supply connection 23 of a cooling device 1 .
- the supply riser can comprise a rigid line connected rigidly to the rack.
- the lines between the connections 39 and the corresponding supply connection 23 of the related cooling device 1 can be flexible and have, if necessary, a sufficient excess length. This enables the affected electronic component 27 to be removed from the rack, for example, in order to open its housing and to perform repairs or to replace components; without having to separate the cooling device(s) 1 of the electronic component from the remaining line system.
- connection lines can also be flexible and have a sufficient excess length.
- the risers 35 and 37 are formed and connected so that for each electronic component 27 or the cooling devices 1 arranged in the component (more precisely: for the partial flow of the coolant through cooling devices related to this component), the same line length is produced between the supply connection 31 and the return connection 33 . This is achieved for the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the connections 39 of the supply riser 35 and the return riser 37 are arranged so that the sum of the line length between the supply connection 31 and the related connection 39 of the supply riser 35 and the line length between the related connection 39 of the return riser 37 and the return connection 33 for all the electronic components or all the pairs of “associated” connections 39 of the supply riser 35 and the return riser 37 is essentially constant. If the actual riser regions running in the vertical direction in FIG. 3 for the supply and return risers 35 , 37 are parallel, then for this purpose the “associated” connections 39 can be provided essentially at the same height, preferably each at the height, at which the electronic component 27 to be connected is held in the rack 29 .
- a central heat exchanger or a device for transferring the heat energy stored by the coolant to the surrounding air can also be provided in the rack itself.
- This embodiment can also have central risers for the supply and the return according to FIG. 3 . Then, however, the connections for the central supply and the central return do not have to be guided outwards, but instead can be connected to the central heat exchanger or the device for dissipating the heat energy stored by the coolant.
- a rack formed in this way offers the advantage that an entire electronic component can be replaced without having to separate the cooling device from the cooling circuit. Only the second or every second heat sink part 9 has to be detached from the affected first heat sink part 7 . The replacement component, which already has the preassembled first heat sink part or parts 7 , can then be simply pushed into the rack. Only the second heat sink parts 9 must be reconnected to the relevant first heat sink parts 7 . There is no risk of coolant leaking at the coupling point due to separation of a coolant line and in this way damaging one or more electronic components. In this way, in particular, very safe hot plugging of electronic components can be guaranteed.
- FIG. 4 shows another embodiment for realizing a cooling device 1 comprising a first heat sink part 7 and a second heat sink part 9 .
- the second heat sink part 9 has four ribs extending downwards
- the second heat sink part 9 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 only has a single rib 13 extending downwards. This rib 13 engages in a recess formed between two upwards extending ribs 11 of the first heat sink part 7 and is formed essentially complementary to this recess. In this way, a reduced heat transfer surface between the heat sink parts 7 and 9 is definitely produced in comparison with the embodiment according to FIGS.
- the second heat sink part 9 of the embodiment of a cooling device according to FIG. 4 comprises two channels 15 for guiding the coolant in the rib 13 of the second heat sink part 9 .
- a single, preferably central channel or several channels can also be provided.
- the cross section of the first heat sink part 7 can also be exchanged with the cross section of the second heat sink part 9 even to the channels 15 (not shown embodiment). That is, the first heat sink part 7 can have a single projection 11 , which extends upwards and which engages in a recess formed between two projections 13 extending downwards.
- one or more channels 15 can be formed in each of the projection 13 of the second heat sink part.
- first and second heat sink part 7 , 9 in plan view are advantageous to select the dimensions of the first and second heat sink part 7 , 9 in plan view to be greater than the surface to be cooled of the electronic component part 3 to be cooled in order to create a larger surface for the heat transfer from the first heat sink part 7 onto the second heat sink part 9 and from the second heat sink part onto the coolant guided in this part.
- FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of a cooling device 1 in a perspective exploded view, which is similar to the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 . Relative to the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 , however, the supply and return connections 23 , 25 project upwards at the end regions 23 , 21 .
- FIG. 5 shows an advantageous possibility for assembly of the first heat sink part 7 in heat-conductive contact with the electronic component part 3 to be cooled.
- This component can comprise a housing 3 a , on whose top side the region 3 b of the semiconductor chip to be cooled is provided.
- the first heat sink part 7 can be held by means of a frame 41 , whose parallel longitudinal sides 41 a exert a force with their bottom sides on regions 7 a of the first heat sink part 7 , which extend outwards in the direction perpendicular to the profile of the ribs 11 .
- a bore hole 45 for an attachment screw 43 In each of the corner areas of the frame 41 there is a bore hole 45 for an attachment screw 43 .
- the attachment screws 43 pass through the bore holes 45 with their threaded area 43 a and hold a helical spring 47 in their shaft area between the top side of the frame 41 and the bottom side of the corresponding screw head.
- the length of the shaft area of the attachment screws 43 and the length and the spring constant of the helical springs 47 are adapted to each other so that in the mounting of the frame 41 , for attaching the frame 41 to the first heat sink part 7 , the frame 41 is pressed by a bias of the helical springs 47 with a defined spring force onto the electronic component part 3 to be cooled.
- a heat-conductive paste or a heat-conductive adhesive can be used between the top side of the component part 3 and the bottom side of the first heat sink part 7 .
- the second heat sink part 9 can be mounted by means of two additional attachment screws 49 and a spring-like retaining clamp 51 on the frame 41 mounted in this way and the first heat sink part 7 held by it.
- the attachment screws 49 pass through the retaining clamp, which preferably extends perpendicular to the profile of the ribs 11 and 13 of the first and second heat sink parts 7 and 9 , respectively, in bore holes 53 , which are provided in the end regions of the retaining clamp 51 , and engage in threaded bore holes in the longitudinal sides 41 a of the frame 41 .
- the retaining clamp is preferably arranged in the centertrelative to the length of the second heat sink part and the frame 41 .
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to a cooling device for an electronic component, especially for a microprocessor, with the features of the preamble of
claim 1. In addition, the invention relates to a rack for storing several electronic components, such as servers for data-processing systems, with the features of the preamble of claim 8. - In large electronic data-processing systems, the individual electronic components, such as, for example, a plurality of servers, are stored in cabinets or racks, in order to guarantee an ordered installation and cabling of the individual components. In addition, the climate is controlled in racks or cabinets for such electronic components, i.e., the waste power generated by the components in the form of heat energy is dissipated with suitable means. In the following, the term rack is used both for closed cabinets and also for open shelves, in which the individual components are stored. The waste power is generated mainly by electronic parts of the individual components. In modem data-processing systems, the predominant portion of the waste power is generated by microprocessors. The waste power of a processor has been up to now on the order of magnitude of ca. 100 W. Waste power in this range was dissipated with processor fans, i.e., a combination of a metallic heat sink and a fan component, from the processor into the interior of the housing of the server or the electronic components, from there into the interior of the (preferably closed) rack, and then to the outside air surrounding the rack. To this is added the waste power in the form of heat discharged from other assemblies and parts of the individual electronic components, such as power supply parts, drives, etc., i.e., from a plurality of individual electronic components, which, taken by themselves, definitely discharge a relatively small amount of waste power, so that a separate cooling of these electronic components is not worthwhile, wherein these small waste powers can add up to values from 100 to 150 W and more per electronic component. Therefore, in addition to the processor fans, additional fans are usually necessary in order to dissipate all of the waste heat generated in the housing of the electronic component. For server racks, which can store up to 50 individual servers each possibly with several processors, a total waste power of 10 kW to 12.5 kW per rack is thus already generated.
- For coming generations of electronic components, an increase of the heat waste power discharged by individual electronic components, such as microprocessors, from 150 to 200 W and more is expected. In a rack, for example, with up to 50 servers, including the additional waste power of 100 to 150 W per electronic component, this leads to a total waste power of up to 17.5 kW and more per rack. Such high waste powers in the form of heat can no longer be managed with reasonable expense just by air as the heat carrier medium.
- For individual electronic components, such as servers, it is known to cool electronic components, especially microprocessors, which, by themselves, generate a large amount of waste power, by heat sinks carrying a flow of a liquid cooling medium, for example, water, instead of combinations of heat sinks and fans. Thus, only the heat waste power generated by the other assemblies and components that are not cooled individually must still be dissipated by means of air as the medium.
- Both for cooling devices, which comprise a heat sink and a fan, and also for cooling devices with a heat sink carrying a flow of a liquid heat carrier medium, there is the problem that this must be mounted with the best possible heat conduction on the electronic component to be cooled, usually a component with a semiconductor chip. For guaranteeing good heat transfer, usually a heat-conductive paste is used between the thermal interface of the component and the heat sink. In addition, a sufficient contact pressure is necessary. If the heat sink has to be removed, for example, because the fan integrated into the heat sink is defective or because compactly arranged assemblies or parts must be manipulated within the narrow housing of the electronic component, then there is the risk, for each disassembly or assembly of the heat sink, that the sensitive electronic component could be damaged or destroyed.
- If an electronic component is to be removed from a rack and replaced, and if a known cooling device is used for this electronic component with a liquid heat carrier medium or coolant, then either the supply lines for the coolant must be separated, preferably at connectors, or the entire cooling device must be removed from the electronic component to be cooled and the risk of damaging this component must be taken into account. However, when the supply lines are separated, there is also a considerable risk of damaging this electronic component or adjacent electronic components, even if only a small amount of coolant leaks out. This applies especially when the electronic component is to be replaced during the operation of the other electronic components (hot plugging).
- Starting with this state of the art, the invention is based on the problem of creating a cooling device for an electronic component, especially for a microprocessor, in which the actual heat sink can be mounted and removed easily, quickly, and without the risk of damaging or destroying the electronic component to be cooled. In addition, the invention is based on the problem of creating a rack for storing several electronic components, such as servers for data-processing systems, under the use of such cooling devices, which are cooled by a liquid heat carrier medium.
- The invention solves these problems with the features of
claims 1 and 8, respectively. - The invention starts from the knowledge that, by means of a heat sink, which comprises a first heat sink part, which is formed for connecting to the electronic component, and a second heat sink part, which is connected detachably to the first heat sink part, such that a low resistance to heat transfer is given, wherein at least the predominant portion of the waste heat is transferred via the second heat sink part to a cooling medium, the advantage is achieved that for the first assembly of the cooling device, only the first heat sink part has to be thermally coupled and fixed to the electronic component to the cooled. This can even be performed by the manufacturer of the electronic component at the factory. In addition, the first heat sink part can also be mounted on the electronic component to be cooled by the manufacturer of this component. The first heat sink part can also be integrated with the housing of the electronic component, in particular, it can be connected permanently to this component.
- The second heat sink part can then be connected with good heat conductivity to the first heat sink part without the risk of damaging the electronic component. If necessary, the second heat sink part can then be removed from the first heat sink part without a problem.
- This advantage comes to light especially, but not exclusively, from the formation of the cooling device, in which the second heat sink is formed as a heat sink carrying a flow of liquid coolant. For this purpose, the second heat sink part has at least one channel, which carries a flow of a liquid coolant, for example, water. In addition, on the second heat sink part, there is a supply connection and a return connection, which are to be connected to at least one channel. If the electronic component including the electronic part to be cooled is to be replaced, then it is no longer necessary to either disassemble the entire heat sink comprising the first and second heat sink parts) or to separate the supply lines for the coolant from the heat sink when the heat sink is left on the electronic component. Instead, just the second heat sink part can be separated easily and quickly from the first heat sink part and mounted, for example, on another first heat sink part, which is already mounted on the relevant electronic part to be cooled in a replacement electronic component.
- According to the invention, the first heat sink part preferably comprises a contact surface for thermal connection to the second heat sink part, which has a structure for increasing the contact surface, wherein the contact surface of the first heat sink part interacts with a complementary contact surface of the second heat sink part. Here, the surface of the thermal interface between the first and the second heat sink parts can be greater than the surface of the thermal interface between the electronic component to be cooled and the first heat sink part. Advantageously, the structure for increasing the contact surface between the first and second heat sink parts is provided in the (horizontal cross-sectional) area of the first heat sink part, in which the first heat sink part contacts the electronic component to be cooled, thus in the region of so-called hot spots (in plan view on the component or the cooling device).
- According to one embodiment of the invention, the structures can be formed with at least one rib with beveled, preferably flat edges, and can preferably have a trapezoidal cross section. Such a structure has the advantage that extrusion molded parts that can be manufactured easily, with high precision, and economically, and can be used for realizing the second heat sink. In addition, the edge angle can be selected so that just through relatively low contact forces, which act on the second heat sink part in the direction towards the first heat sink part, a high surface pressure between the complementary structures of the first and the second heat sink parts is generated and thus a low heat transfer resistance is guaranteed.
- This advantage obviously can be achieved not only with complementary rib-shaped structures, but also very generally with structures which have sub-areas inclined at a suitable angle relative to the direction of the contact force acting on the first heat sink part in the direction towards the first heat sink part. For example, a “hedgehog structure” can be used, in which a plurality of spike-like projections on the bottom side of the second heat sink part interact with a correspondingly complementary structure on the surface of the first heat sink part. The spike-like projections have correspondingly inclined outer surfaces.
- According to one embodiment of the invention, channels for the coolant can be provided at least in the ribs of the contact surface of the second heat sink part. In this way there is the advantage that the flow or flows of the coolant lie close to the surface of the component to be cooled.
- The channels can be arranged in the appropriate ribs, so that, through the provision of channels, relatively thin walls are created at least in essential regions of these ribs, which are in contact with corresponding complementary ribs of the first heat sink part. These walls can be dimensioned in terms of their thickness, depending on the material and the contact forces, so that they permit slight deformations due to contact forces, in order to guarantee the flattest possible contact of the outer sides of these walls on the complementary ribs of the first heat sink part and thus a good heat transfer.
- According to a preferred embodiment, the second heat sink part can have, in the region of the supply connection and/or the return connection, a collection chamber, from which several channels for the coolant branch out or open into this chamber. In this way, a good heat transfer to the liquid coolant is achieved, because a larger surface can be reached than for a single channel possibly with a larger cross section. In addition, the middle region of the second heat sink can be realized with an extrusion molded part connected on opposing sides to a part forming the collection chamber and having the relevant supply or return connections.
- The second heat sink part can have larger dimensions than the first heat sink part in at least one direction, with reference to the contact surface with the first heat sink part. In this way, there is the advantage that the position of the first heat sink part relative to the second heat sink part is not critical for the assembly of the second heat sink part on the first heat sink part. For example, for a formation of the structure increasing the contact surface in the form of ribs, the second heat sink part can be shifted slightly relative to the first heat sink part without additional means.
- In addition, the second heat sink part can be formed so that an essentially uniform heat transfer with reference to the contact surface is possible by means of the coolant flow through the one or more channels in the contact surface with the first heat sink part. In particular, by forming several channels in a middle region of the second heat sink, these channels can be formed by all of the actual contact surfaces with the first heat sink part. With reference to the actual contact surface, possible collection chambers on one or both ends of this middle region can then lie outside this surface.
- Also, only one or more cooling ribs each with at least one channel can be formed, which are located in the region of the so-called “hot spots” of the electronic component to be cooled. Through the one or more ribs and the provision of the channel or channels, such that they lie in the front region of the rib(s), the waste heat can be transferred to the coolant directly in the surroundings in which it is generated.
- In one configuration of the invention, the first heat sink part can be formed as a heat pipe. A heat pipe transports heat guided by means of an evacuated vessel, e.g., a metal pipe, from one point to another. In the metal pipe itself, there is a relatively small volume of liquid, which can comprise distilled water as the predominant part (the remainder then consists of special additives, which optimize the heat transport). The liquid is under a low pressure, so that an evaporation temperature of about 30 degrees Celsius is realized. Only when the heat pipe is fed heat at one end, the water evaporates and transports the heat energy with very low loss to the cold end. There, the vapor condenses and transfers the heat accordingly. The condensed liquid flows back into the lower region of the vessel, whereby the circuit is closed.
- By forming the first heat sink part as a heat pipe, the heat to be dissipated can be transported with extremely low loss to a position at which this heat is transferred by means of the second heat sink part to the coolant and can finally be dissipated. For example, the interface to the second heat sink part can be displaced to a position outside a housing, wherein the relevant end of the heat pipe can project through an opening in the housing. If the entire component is replaced, then the housing does not have to be opened. All that is required is to detach the second heat sink part from the first heat sink part.
- A rack according to the invention for storing several electronic components, such as servers for data-processing systems, is formed for cooling electronic parts in the individual electronic components, wherein several cooling devices according to the invention are provided with a second heat sink part carrying a flow of a liquid coolant. The second heat sink parts of the cooling devices can be connected with their supply and return connections to one or more central coolant reservoirs or to one or more central heat exchangers, by means of which heat can be drawn from the coolant.
- According to one embodiment, the one or more central coolant reservoirs or the one or more central heat exchangers can be arranged in or on the rack.
- However, in the rack there can also be only one line system, which connects the supply connections of the cooling devices to one or more central supply connections of the rack and the return connections of the cooling devices to one or more central return connections of the rack.
- According to one embodiment, there is at least one, preferably rigid supply riser, which is arranged fixed in the rack and which has several connections for preferably flexible connection lines from respectively one connection to a supply connection of a second heat sink part of a cooling device. In the same way, in the rack there is at least one, preferably rigid return riser, which is arranged fixed in the rack and which has several connections for preferably flexible connection lines from respectively one connection to a return connection of a second heat sink part of a cooling device.
- Additional embodiments of the invention follow from the subordinate claims.
- The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Shown in the drawing are:
-
FIG. 1 , a perspective view of an embodiment of a cooling device according to the invention with the use of a liquid coolant; -
FIG. 2 , a perspective sectional view of the embodiment inFIG. 1 , and -
FIG. 3 , a schematic side view of an embodiment of a rack according to the invention for several electronic components with a line system for the coolant, which respectively has a central supply and return connection; -
FIG. 4 , a schematic view of another embodiment of a cooling device according to the invention in a (partial) sectional view, and -
FIG. 5 , a schematic, perspective exploded view of another embodiment of a cooling device according to the invention with an advantageous mounting device. -
FIG. 1 shows acooling device 1 schematically in a perspective view, which is mounted on anelectronic component part 3, for example, a microprocessor. On its side, themicroprocessor 3 is arranged on acircuit board 5, which is only hinted at and on which obviously other components or assemblies can also be provided. Thecircuit board 5 can be, for example, a mainboard of a server. Thecooling device 1 comprises a firstheat sink part 7 made from a material with good heat conductivity, for example, aluminum or copper, which is connected with good heat conductivity directly to the housing or a thermal interface of the electronic component to be cooled. Here, it can be, for example, a heat sink plate (heat spreader) of a microprocessor or of theelectronic component part 3. The firstheat sink part 7 has a structure on its side facing away from thecomponent part 3 in the form ofribs 11, which can have a trapezoidal cross section as shown inFIG. 2 . - On the first
heat sink part 7 there is a secondheat sink part 9 made from a material with good heat conductivity, for example, aluminum or copper, and connected to this with good heat conductivity. For this purpose, the secondheat sink part 9 is provided on its bottom side with a complementary structure in the form ofribs 13. In theribs 13 there arechannels 15 for a liquid coolant (not shown), which is carried through thechannels 15 and which transports the waste power generated in the form of heat away from theelectronic component part 3. The arrangement ofchannels 15 in the ribs offers the advantage that for correspondingly thin walls of theribs 15, the coolant can be guided close to the surface of thecomponent part 3, especially also between theribs 1 of the firstheat sink part 7. - The trapezoidal configuration of the
ribs trapezoidal ribs heat sink part 9 in the direction towards the firstheat sink part 7, and consequently good thermal coupling can be guaranteed. - The extent (parallel to the upper surface of the component part 3) of the
middle region 17 of the secondheat sink part 9 with theribs 13 is at least as large as the extent of the surface of the firstheat sink part 7 with theribs 11. In this way, for a corresponding arrangement and configuration of thechannels 15, an essentially constant heat transfer resistance is achieved in the contact surface of the twoheat sink parts middle region 17 formed in this way also has the advantage that it can be manufactured from a highly precise and economical extrusion molded part. This also applies for the firstheat sink part 7. - Each
end region FIGS. 1 and 2 , respectively, and which connects respectively to the two ends of the middle region of the secondheat sink part 9, can be identical in terms of outer contour to themiddle region 17. However, in the interior of each of theend regions channels 15. Theregions end region channels 15 are removed partially or completely, for example, milled out, in the end regions of a corresponding extrusion molded part. The two-sided openings of the extrusion molded part can then be closed with corresponding covers, for example through soldering or the like. - A
supply connection 23 for a supply line and areturn connection 25 for a return line are provided on the ends of theregions cooling device 1 with a mass flow sufficient for cooling at the given (sufficiently low) temperature and discharged via the return line. - The assembly of the first
heat sink part 7 on theelectronic component part 3 can be realized in a conventional way by means of a suitable screw connection or by means of clamps or other suitable connection means. Obviously, for this purpose the first heat sink part can have attachment means, which are arranged, for example, on the side, and which can also project laterally over the surface of thecomponent part 3. The fixing of the firstheat sink part 7 on thecomponent part 3 can be realized relative to thecircuit board 5 or a not-shown housing of an electronic component 27 (FIG. 3 ), in which thecircuit board 3 is arranged. However, the firstheat sink part 7 can also be connected permanently to thecomponent part 3, for example, through adhesion with a heat-conductive paste, or can even be formed integrally with the housing of thecomponent 7. - The connection of the second
heat sink part 9 to the firstheat sink part 7 can also be realized by means of suitable, but in each case detachable connection means, for example, by screw connections, by means of fixing clamps or the like. The contact of theheat sink part 9 on theheat sink part 7 with sufficient pressure can also be realized by the placement and contact of a housing part of a housing of anelectronic component 27, in which thecircuit board 5 with thecomponent part 3 to be cooled and thecooling device 1 arranged on this component is included. - This specific formation of the cooling device produces the advantage that the second
heat sink part 9 acting as the actual heat sink can be detached from the firstheat sink part 7 without having to detach the mechanically sensitive thermal interface between thecomponent part 3 to be cooled and the first heat sink part. -
FIG. 3 shows arack 29 schematically in a side view, in which a plurality ofelectronic components 27, for example, servers for a large EDV [electronic data-processing] system, can be stored. For reasons of simplicity, inFIG. 3 only twoelectronic components 27 are shown. - Each of the electronic components can have one or
more component parts 3 to be cooled, which are cooled with acooling device 1 according to the invention. Obviously, the remaining waste heat generated by anelectronic component 27 can be dissipated in a conventional manner by means of fans into the interior of therack 29 and from there to the surroundings. - For supplying the
cooling devices 1 with a coolant, as shown inFIG. 3 , a line system, which feeds the coolant from acentral supply connection 31 of therack 29 to thesupply connections 23 of theindividual cooling devices 1 and feeds coolant from thereturn connections 25 of theindividual cooling devices 1 to acentral return connection 33 of therack 29, can be arranged in the rack. The coolant can be fed to thecentral supply connection 31 of therack 29 from a central cooling device (not shown) and can be returned to this device by thecentral return connection 33 of therack 29. - Obviously, it is not absolutely necessary to connect all of the
cooling devices 1 individually in parallel between the central supply and the central return of therack 29. Instead, several or all of thecooling devices 1 can be connected in series if the temperature of the coolant after leaving the input-connectedcooling device 1 and the appropriate mass flow of the coolant permits this arrangement. Especially for the case in whichseveral cooling devices 1 are provided in an electronic component, these cooling devices can be connected in series. - As shown in
FIG. 3 , the line system arranged in the rack can comprise asupply riser 35, which leads the coolant from thecentral supply connection 31 of therack 29 toindividual connections 39, which are each connected or can be connected to asupply connection 23 of acooling device 1. The supply riser can comprise a rigid line connected rigidly to the rack. The lines between theconnections 39 and thecorresponding supply connection 23 of therelated cooling device 1 can be flexible and have, if necessary, a sufficient excess length. This enables the affectedelectronic component 27 to be removed from the rack, for example, in order to open its housing and to perform repairs or to replace components; without having to separate the cooling device(s) 1 of the electronic component from the remaining line system. - In the same way, there can be an analogously formed
return riser 37, which also hasconnections 39 for connection lines (not shown) between thereturn connections 25 of eachcooling device 1 and thereturn riser 37. These connection lines can also be flexible and have a sufficient excess length. - As shown in
FIG. 3 , therisers electronic component 27 or thecooling devices 1 arranged in the component (more precisely: for the partial flow of the coolant through cooling devices related to this component), the same line length is produced between thesupply connection 31 and thereturn connection 33. This is achieved for the embodiment shown inFIG. 3 such that the actual riser regions of therisers connections 39 of thesupply riser 35 and thereturn riser 37 are arranged so that the sum of the line length between thesupply connection 31 and therelated connection 39 of thesupply riser 35 and the line length between therelated connection 39 of thereturn riser 37 and thereturn connection 33 for all the electronic components or all the pairs of “associated”connections 39 of thesupply riser 35 and thereturn riser 37 is essentially constant. If the actual riser regions running in the vertical direction inFIG. 3 for the supply and returnrisers connections 39 can be provided essentially at the same height, preferably each at the height, at which theelectronic component 27 to be connected is held in therack 29. - In another not-shown embodiment, a central heat exchanger or a device for transferring the heat energy stored by the coolant to the surrounding air can also be provided in the rack itself.
- This embodiment can also have central risers for the supply and the return according to
FIG. 3 . Then, however, the connections for the central supply and the central return do not have to be guided outwards, but instead can be connected to the central heat exchanger or the device for dissipating the heat energy stored by the coolant. - A rack formed in this way offers the advantage that an entire electronic component can be replaced without having to separate the cooling device from the cooling circuit. Only the second or every second
heat sink part 9 has to be detached from the affected firstheat sink part 7. The replacement component, which already has the preassembled first heat sink part orparts 7, can then be simply pushed into the rack. Only the secondheat sink parts 9 must be reconnected to the relevant firstheat sink parts 7. There is no risk of coolant leaking at the coupling point due to separation of a coolant line and in this way damaging one or more electronic components. In this way, in particular, very safe hot plugging of electronic components can be guaranteed. -
FIG. 4 shows another embodiment for realizing acooling device 1 comprising a firstheat sink part 7 and a secondheat sink part 9. Different from the embodiment shown inFIGS. 1 and 2 , in which the secondheat sink part 9 has four ribs extending downwards, the secondheat sink part 9 of the embodiment shown inFIG. 4 only has asingle rib 13 extending downwards. Thisrib 13 engages in a recess formed between twoupwards extending ribs 11 of the firstheat sink part 7 and is formed essentially complementary to this recess. In this way, a reduced heat transfer surface between theheat sink parts FIGS. 1 and 2 , but the single V-shapedrib 13 of the secondheat sink part 9 and the V-shaped recess between the tworibs 11 of the first heat sink part are significantly easier to produce. The tolerances to be maintained in order to achieve a planar heat contact between theheat sink parts FIGS. 1 and 2 . At this point, it should be noted that it is more advantageous for reasons of production to provide a fewless ribs ribs 13 on the second heat sink part and three to fiveribs 11 on the first heat sink part, which each extend into the other heat sink part for a greater height, than a plurality of ribs with a smaller height. - The second
heat sink part 9 of the embodiment of a cooling device according toFIG. 4 comprises twochannels 15 for guiding the coolant in therib 13 of the secondheat sink part 9. However, instead of this, only a single, preferably central channel or several channels can also be provided. - In addition, the cross section of the first
heat sink part 7 can also be exchanged with the cross section of the secondheat sink part 9 even to the channels 15 (not shown embodiment). That is, the firstheat sink part 7 can have asingle projection 11, which extends upwards and which engages in a recess formed between twoprojections 13 extending downwards. Here, one ormore channels 15 can be formed in each of theprojection 13 of the second heat sink part. - In general, it is advantageous to select the dimensions of the first and second
heat sink part electronic component part 3 to be cooled in order to create a larger surface for the heat transfer from the firstheat sink part 7 onto the secondheat sink part 9 and from the second heat sink part onto the coolant guided in this part. -
FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of acooling device 1 in a perspective exploded view, which is similar to the embodiment according toFIGS. 1 and 2 . Relative to the embodiment according toFIGS. 1 and 2 , however, the supply andreturn connections end regions - In addition,
FIG. 5 shows an advantageous possibility for assembly of the firstheat sink part 7 in heat-conductive contact with theelectronic component part 3 to be cooled. This component can comprise a housing 3 a, on whose top side the region 3 b of the semiconductor chip to be cooled is provided. - As shown in
FIG. 5 , the firstheat sink part 7 can be held by means of aframe 41, whose parallellongitudinal sides 41 a exert a force with their bottom sides on regions 7 a of the firstheat sink part 7, which extend outwards in the direction perpendicular to the profile of theribs 11. In each of the corner areas of theframe 41 there is abore hole 45 for anattachment screw 43. The attachment screws 43 pass through the bore holes 45 with their threadedarea 43 a and hold ahelical spring 47 in their shaft area between the top side of theframe 41 and the bottom side of the corresponding screw head. The length of the shaft area of the attachment screws 43 and the length and the spring constant of thehelical springs 47 are adapted to each other so that in the mounting of theframe 41, for attaching theframe 41 to the firstheat sink part 7, theframe 41 is pressed by a bias of thehelical springs 47 with a defined spring force onto theelectronic component part 3 to be cooled. Thus, in a conventional way, a heat-conductive paste or a heat-conductive adhesive can be used between the top side of thecomponent part 3 and the bottom side of the firstheat sink part 7. - Then the second
heat sink part 9 can be mounted by means of two additional attachment screws 49 and a spring-like retaining clamp 51 on theframe 41 mounted in this way and the firstheat sink part 7 held by it. The attachment screws 49 pass through the retaining clamp, which preferably extends perpendicular to the profile of theribs heat sink parts clamp 51, and engage in threaded bore holes in thelongitudinal sides 41 a of theframe 41. The retaining clamp is preferably arranged in the centertrelative to the length of the second heat sink part and theframe 41.
Claims (18)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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DE10335197.3 | 2003-07-30 | ||
PCT/DE2004/001361 WO2005015970A2 (en) | 2003-07-30 | 2004-06-28 | Cooling device for an electronic component, especially for a microprocessor |
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- 2004-06-28 US US10/566,797 patent/US7508669B2/en active Active
- 2004-06-28 AT AT04738807T patent/ATE501524T1/en active
- 2004-06-28 DE DE502004012290T patent/DE502004012290D1/en active Active
- 2004-06-28 DE DE112004001872T patent/DE112004001872D2/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
- 2004-06-28 WO PCT/DE2004/001361 patent/WO2005015970A2/en active Application Filing
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US20100328892A1 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2010-12-30 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Molded heat sink and method of making same |
US8422229B2 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2013-04-16 | Oracle America, Inc. | Molded heat sink and method of making same |
US20170321966A1 (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2017-11-09 | Ge Intelligent Platforms, Inc. | Combined energy dissipation apparatus and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1649736A2 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
DE112004001872D2 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
US7508669B2 (en) | 2009-03-24 |
EP1649736B1 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
WO2005015970A2 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
DE10335197A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
DE502004012290D1 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
WO2005015970A3 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
DE10335197B4 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
ATE501524T1 (en) | 2011-03-15 |
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