US20070120954A1 - Teleconferencing method and system - Google Patents
Teleconferencing method and system Download PDFInfo
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- US20070120954A1 US20070120954A1 US11/537,177 US53717706A US2007120954A1 US 20070120954 A1 US20070120954 A1 US 20070120954A1 US 53717706 A US53717706 A US 53717706A US 2007120954 A1 US2007120954 A1 US 2007120954A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/14—Systems for two-way working
- H04N7/141—Systems for two-way working between two video terminals, e.g. videophone
- H04N7/142—Constructional details of the terminal equipment, e.g. arrangements of the camera and the display
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
- H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
- H04M3/56—Arrangements for connecting several subscribers to a common circuit, i.e. affording conference facilities
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
- H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
- H04M3/56—Arrangements for connecting several subscribers to a common circuit, i.e. affording conference facilities
- H04M3/567—Multimedia conference systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/14—Systems for two-way working
- H04N7/141—Systems for two-way working between two video terminals, e.g. videophone
- H04N7/147—Communication arrangements, e.g. identifying the communication as a video-communication, intermediate storage of the signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/14—Systems for two-way working
- H04N7/15—Conference systems
Abstract
Description
- This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/716,972, filed Nov. 19, 2003; U.S. Pat. No. 7,116,350 issued Oct. 3, 2006; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/233,363 filed Aug. 30, 2002; now U.S. Pat. No. 6,654,045 issued Nov. 25, 2003; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/695,460 filed Oct. 24, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,445,405 issued Set. 3, 2002, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/047,771 filed Mar. 25, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,160,573, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/740,839 filed Nov. 4, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,751,337, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/308,603 filed Sep. 19, 1994, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,572,248, all of which are incorporated herein by reference and made a part hereof.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention is related to a video conferencing system and method and, more particularly, to a teleconferencing system which is capable of producing a “video mirror” at a station such that any participants at one or more remote stations may be imaged and displayed in the video mirror at the station so that they appear to be present or face-to-face with any participants at the station.
- 2. Description of Related Art
- Visual telephone systems presently provide communication between at least two locations for allowing a video conference among participants situated at each station. An objective in some video conferencing arrangements is to provide a plurality of television cameras at one location. The outputs of those cameras are transmitted along with audio signals to a corresponding plurality of television monitors at a second location such that the participants at the first location are perceived to be present or face-to-face with participants at the second location. In achieving good face-to-face presence, the number of conferees included in the video picture from each camera is normally limited to a few people, typically one to four. There are usually a like number of monitors at the receiving station, each strategically focused, aligned and positioned so that their displays appear contiguous, seamless and properly aligned. The apparatuses and methods employed heretofore to achieve proper positioning, focus and alignment have been complex and costly.
- Further, the images captured by the plurality of cameras must be arranged and displayed so that they generate a non-overlapping and/or contiguous field of view, for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,890,314 which issued to Judd et al. on Dec. 26, 1989 and which is hereby incorporated by reference and made a part hereof.
- The prior art systems have also been deficient because they have failed to provide means for generating an image, such as an image of a plurality of participants, at one station, differentiating the image to provide a differentiated image and subsequently compositing the differentiated image with a predetermined composite image to provide a composited image which complements or becomes visually complementary, contiguous or integrated with the remote station when the image is displayed at the remote station.
- Another problem with prior art video conferencing systems is eye contact among participants at the stations. Typically, a camera is placed somewhere above the display monitor at which a participant is observing a display of the participant from the remote station. Consequently, the camera captures the participant at an angle above the participants viewing level or head. Thus, when an image of that participant is displayed at the remote station, it appears as if the participant is looking down (e.g., towards the ground). Previous solutions to this problem have required complex optical systems and methods using, for example, a plurality of lenses and mirrors. The solutions have usually been designed for use when the camera is capturing an image of a single participant, and they fall short when simultaneously capturing images of multiple participants.
- The prior art stations themselves were not architecturally designed in a modular form so that they could be easily assembled, decorated and combined with a video image or sub-image from the remote station in a manner which would enhance the virtual presence environment.
- It is, therefore, a primary object of the present invention to provide a face-to-face teleconferencing system which enables a plurality of participants at a plurality of stations to teleconference such that the participants generally appear face-to-face with one or more participants at remote stations in the teleconferencing system.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a “video mirror” at a station.
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide an imaging system which provides a simplified means capturing substantially eye level images of participants at stations while also providing means for simultaneously displaying images at such stations.
- Still another object of this invention is to provide a system and method for compositing a plurality of signals corresponding to a plurality of images from at least one station to provide a contiguous or seamless composite image.
- Still another object is to provide a method and system for providing a plurality of teleconferencing stations that have complementary predetermined sensory settings which facilitate creating a face-to-face environment when images of such settings and participants are displayed at remote stations.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for generating a video mirror such that an image having a predetermined sensory setting of participants or subjects captured at one station may be displayed at a remote station having a different predetermined sensory setting, yet the remote participants will appear face-to-face in the same predetermined setting as the participants or subjects at the one station.
- In one aspect, this invention comprises a teleconferencing method consisting of the steps of receiving image data at a teleconferencing station, the image data including data corresponding to at least one person and displaying an image corresponding to the image data at the teleconferencing station so that at least one participant at the teleconferencing station views said image of at least one person, thereby providing a face-to-face presence environment whereat the image of at least one person appears substantially life size.
- In another aspect this invention comprises a conferencing system comprising a first station comprising a display having a viewing area, a table facing the viewing area, furniture on which participants may sit and face the viewing area, and an image system for capturing a first station image of at least a portion of the first station and of at least one of the participants, the viewing area being directly between the participants and the image system.
- In yet another aspect this invention comprises a conferencing system comprising a plurality of walls defining a conferencing station, a display on at least one of the plurality of walls for providing a stationary or moving image for defining a desired video background during a teleconference.
- In still another aspect this invention comprises a conferencing system comprising a first station comprising a display having a viewing area, furniture comprising a table facing the viewing area and seating on which participants may sit and face the viewing area, and an image system for capturing a first station image of at least a portion of the first station and of at least one of the participants, the participants being situated a predetermined position relative to the image system.
- In yet another aspect this invention comprises a method of causing participants in a video conference to be situated at a predetermined position relative to a display, the method comprising the steps of situating a table in relation to the display, situating a plurality of seats adjacent to the table, the tables and the plurality of seats being situated a predetermined distance of at least a focal distance of a camera associated with the display.
- These advantages and objects, and others, may be more readily understood in connection with the following specification, claims and drawings.
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FIGS. 1A and 1B , taken together, show a teleconferencing system according to one embodiment of this invention; -
FIG. 2 is a partly broken away top view of a first station of the teleconferencing system shown inFIG. 1A ; -
FIGS. 3A and 3B , taken together, show another embodiment of the present invention wherein the stations have different predetermined sensory settings; -
FIGS. 4A and 4B , taken together, show still another embodiment of the invention having stations which have predetermined sensory settings which are designed, decorated and defined to be complementary and/or substantially identical; -
FIGS. 5A and 5B , taken together, provide a visual illustration of the images corresponding to some of the signals generated by the teleconferencing system; and -
FIGS. 6A-6D , taken together, show a schematic diagram of a method according to an embodiment of this invention. - Referring now to
FIGS. 1A and 1B , ateleconferencing system 10 is shown having a first station orsuite 12 and a second station orsuite 14. Thefirst station 12 comprises a first conference orsensory area 16, and thesecond station 14 comprises a second conference or sensory area 18-1, respectively. The first andsecond stations first video area 20 and a second video area 22-1, respectively, associated with the first andsecond conference areas 16 and 18-1. Thefirst video area 20 is generally integral with awall 32 h in thefirst station 12. Likewise, the second video area 22-1 is generally integral with awall 32 h-1 in thesecond station 14. In the embodiment being described, the first and second stations are geographically remote from each other, but they could be situated on the same premises if desired. - For ease of illustration, the construction and modular assembly of the stations in
teleconferencing system 10 will be described in relation to thefirst station 12. As shown in the sectional top view ofFIG. 2 , thefirst station 12 is shown assembled or constructed into a generally elongated octagonal shape. Thefirst station 12 comprises a plurality ofmodular members 32 a-32 h which includewalls wall members entry facade 32 f-321. Thefirst station 12 also comprises a ceiling 34 (FIG. 1A ) which is mounted on themembers 32 a-32 h with suitable fasteners, such as nuts, bolts, adhesives, brackets, or any other suitable fastening means. Notice that theceiling 34 has a dropped orsunken portion 34 a which supportsappropriate lighting fixtures 56. - In the embodiment being described, each of the
members 32 a-32 h and theceiling 34 is molded or formed to provide or define an environment having a unique architectural setting and/or sensory setting. For example, as illustrated inFIG. 1A , thewall member 32 a may be formed to provide a plurality ofstones 36, a plurality ofcolumns 38, and an arch 40 to facilitate defining a first predetermined setting 12 a having a Roman/Italian motif, theme or aura. One or more of themembers 32 a-32 h may be provided with inlays, wall decorations (likepicture 58 inFIGS. 1A and 2 ), or even a permanent frosted glass window andframe arrangement 42 mounted therein. Furthermore,members FIG. 2 ) may be provided with slidingdoors 44 which facilitate entering and exiting thefirst station 12 and which are designed to complement or further enhance the Roman/Italian motif. - In the embodiment being described, notice that
member 32 h (FIGS. 1A and 2 ) is formed to provide a stone and pillar appearance and texture complementary to the stone and pillar appearance and texture of the wall members, such asmember 32 a. Also, themember 32 a may be shaped to frame or mask arear projection screen 46, as shown. The function and operation of therear projection screen 46 will be described later herein. In the embodiment being described, therear projection screen 46 comprises a high resolution lenticular rear projection screen which is either integral with or mounted directly tomember 32 h to provide afirst video area 20 having a usable projection area of about 52 inches by 92 inches with an associated aspect ratio of 16:9. - Each of the
members 32 a-32 h andceiling 34 are created in separate modular units using a plurality of molds (not shown). In the embodiment being described, a suitable material for molding themembers 32 a-32 h andceiling 34 to provide a granite-like appearance may be Gypsum, but they could be formed from other suitable material such as stone or clay-based materials, ceramic, paper, cardboard, foam, wood, Styrofoam and the like. As illustrated in 1A and 2, themember 32 d may be provided with a shelf ormantle 33. Thevarious members 32 a-32 h are assembled together as shown inFIG. 2 and secured together with suitable support braces 48 which may be secured to thewalls 32 a-32 h with any suitable fastener such as screws, bolts, an adhesive or the like. After thefirst station 12 is assembled and theceiling 34 is secured thereto, it has a length of about 14 feet, 6 inches (indicated by double arrow L inFIG. 2 ) and a width of about 12 feet, 0 inches (indicated by double arrow W inFIG. 2 ). Thefirst station 12 has an approximate height from floor toceiling 34 of about 8 feet, 6 inches. Further, themembers FIG. 2 ) of about 5 feet, 0 inch. Finally, theback wall member 32 d andfront wall member 32 h comprises a width of about 7 feet, 8 inches (indicated by double arrow X inFIG. 2 ). - After the
members 32 a-32 h andceiling 34 are assembled, thefirst station 12 may be further decorated, designed or ornamented with a plurality of subjects, decorations or ornaments which facilitate providing the first predetermined sensory setting 12 a which defines a first aura, motif or theme. Likewise, thesecond station 14 may be further provided or ornamented with a plurality of subjects, decorations or ornaments which facilitate providing a second predetermined sensory setting 14 a which defines a second aura, motif or theme. For example, as illustrated inFIG. 1A , the predetermined sensory setting 12 a of thefirst station 12 may be further decorated with a table 50, table decorations, pillar and wall decorations, carpet (not shown), plants 54 and other wall decorations (not shown) to further enhance the Roman/Italian motif, theme or aura. The first and second predeterminedsensory settings appropriate lighting fixtures 56 and appropriate furnishings, such aschairs 60 and tables 61, which complement the predetermined setting to further facilitate defining the Roman/Italian theme or motif for thestations - It should be appreciated that once the first and
second stations sensory settings station 12, with a strong sensory environment facilitates enhancing the virtual presence illusion created byteleconferencing system 10 of the present invention. - It should also be appreciated, however, that although the
first station 12 andsecond station 14 are shown in the embodiment inFIGS. 1A and 1B as having complementary or similar first and second predeterminedsensory settings sensory settings FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a first and second set ofstations station 12′ andstation 14′ in the embodiment illustrated inFIGS. 3A and 3B , may have at least one station having a different predetermined setting. For example, thesecond station 14′ inFIG. 3B provides a setting 14 a′ which defines a Chinese aura, theme or motif. - It should also be appreciated that the
members 32 a-32 h,ceiling 34 and associated predetermined sensory setting are provided to be transportable and capable of being assembled at any suitable location, such as an existing rectangular room, suite or conference area having dimensions of at least 20 feet×20 feet×9 feet. While it may be desirable to provide the first andsecond stations teleconferencing system 10 with substantially the same dimensions, it should be appreciated that they could be provided with differing dimensions, depending on, for example, the number of participants at each station. It should also be appreciated that thesecond station 14 and other stations described herein would preferably be manufactured and assembled in the same or similar manner as thefirst station 12. Also, the stations in theteleconference system 10 may be decorated with wall, ceiling and floor coverings to provide, for example, the first predetermined sensory setting 12 a without using the pre-formed or moldedmodular members 32 a-32 h described above, although the use of such members may be preferable in this embodiment. - The
teleconferencing system 10 also comprises conferencing means or a conferencing system means for teleconnecting the first andsecond stations FIG. 1A , the conferencing system associated with thefirst station 12 comprises image sensor means, imager or image sensors for sensing images at thefirst station 12. For the embodiment shown inFIGS. 1A and 2 , the image sensor means comprises a plurality of cameras which are operably associated with therear projection screen 46 offirst station 12. In this regard, the plurality of cameras comprise afirst camera head 62 andsecond camera head 64 which are operatively coupled to a firstcamera control unit 66 and secondcamera control unit 68, respectively. Notice that the first and secondcamera control units second cameras rear projection screen 46, without substantially interfering with the video image being projected. - In the embodiment being described, the
first camera head 62 andsecond camera head 64 are situated approximately 16 inches above the surface of table 50 which generally corresponds to the eye level of the seated participants situated at table 50. As illustrated inFIG. 2 , the first andsecond cameras rear projection screen 46 in operative relationship with a pair of 1-¼inch diameter openings second cameras rear projection screen 46 in operative relationship withopenings second cameras camera control units teleconferencing system 10 shown and described in relation toFIGS. 1A and 1B show image sensor means comprising a plurality of camera heads 62 and 64 andcamera control units FIGS. 4A and 4B ) or even multiple cameras could be used depending on such things as the size of the station, the number of participants situated at the station, and/or the aspect ratio of each camera head selected. It should also be appreciated that the camera heads 62 and 64 and associatedcamera control units first station 12 to facilitate providing maximum vertical eye contact among participates in the teleconference, while minimally interrupting the substantially life-size video projection on therear projection screen 46. - The conferencing means also comprises a first differentiator or differential key generator 70 (
FIG. 1A ) and a second differentiator or differentialkey generator 72, respectively. Thecamera control unit 66 generates an RGB analog signal I-62 which is received by thefirst differentiator 70, and thecamera control unit 68 generates an RGB signal I-64 which is received by thesecond differentiator 72. The first andsecond differentiators camera control units first station 12 from at least a portion of the first predetermined sensory setting 12 a, such as the background behind the participants, in order to provide a differential signal VS-1 that has that portion of the first predetermined sensory setting 12A removed. This, in turn, facilitates transmitting the video image of the participants at thefirst station 12 to the remotesecond station 14 and also facilitates compositing the image with other images, as described below. -
Suitable differentiators - The differential
key generators images 104 and 106 (FIG. 5A ), respectively. The differentialkey generators images FIG. 5A . As described in detail later herein, theseimages appropriate storage 74 and 76 (FIG. 1A ) associated with the differentialkey generators cameras first station 12 from a video sequence of the first predetermined sensory setting 12 a of thefirst station 12 background where no participants, chairs, or other foreground elements are in place. - In response to the comparison, the first and
second differentiators FIG. 1A ), respectively. As illustrated inFIG. 5 , the VS-1 and VS-2 signals generally correspond to the individuals situated at thefirst station 12 when viewed in the direction of arrow A inFIG. 2 . As illustrated in theimages 112 and 114 (FIG. 5 ) associated with the VS-1 and VS-2 signals, respectively, notice that the background area shown inimages - Advantageously, tagging at least a portion of the image represented by the VS-1 signal as “zero” background facilitates compressing the VS-1 and VS-2 signals and providing corresponding compressed CDS-1 and CDS-2 signals, thereby reducing the amount of transmission band width needed. This tagging also facilitates compositing or overlaying another predetermined image to provide a seamless composited image as described in detail below.
- The video signals VS-1 and VS-2 are received by a first compression/decompression means or
CODEC 78 and a second compression/decompression means orCODEC 80, respectively. TheCODECs suitable microphones first station 12, such as underneath or on top of table 50, as illustrated inFIG. 1A . The function of the first andsecond CODEC second station 14, and also to decompress compressed video and audio signals received from remote stations. Consequently, theCODECs - The
CODEC 78 receives the video signal VS-1 and audio signal AS-A1, andCODEC 80 receives the video signal VS-2 and audio signal AS-A2. TheCODECs remote station 14 via atransmission network 84. - The
transmission network 84 may be configured as a private network, public circuit switch service, and it may utilize telecommunication and/or satellite technology. In the embodiment being described, thetransmission network 84 preferably includes a plurality of T-1 lines (not shown) which are capable of accommodating bit streams having a suitable band width, such as 1.544 megabytes per second. - The
teleconferencing system 10 and conference means associated with thefirst station 12 also comprises enhancing means for enhancing the resolution of an image or sub-image received from a remote station, such as thesecond station 14. In the embodiment being described, enhancing means comprises afirst line doubler 86 and asecond line doubler 88 which are operatively coupled to thefirst CODEC 78 andsecond CODEC 80, respectively. In this embodiment, the first andsecond line doublers CODECs station 14, as described in detail below. One suitable line doubler is the Model No.LD 100 available from Faroudja Laboratories, Inc. of Sunnyvale, Calif., but other suitable enhancing means may be provided to provide greater or less enhancement of the images to be displayed. For example, lenses, mirrors, optical pixel interpolation or other electrical means may be employed as desired. It should also be noted that the present invention may be performed without the use of any enhancing means without departing from the scope of the invention. - The first and
second line doublers video compositing multiplexer 92 for compositing the enhanced video signals associated with the images or sub-images received from the remote station(s) with one or more predetermined composite signals, such as predetermined composite signal A, corresponding to a predetermined composite image or sub-image which are stored in asuitable storage device 94 associated with thecompositor 92. In the embodiment being described, the predetermined composite signal A corresponds to an image of at least a portion of first predetermined sensory setting 12 a, such as the background of thefirst station 12. Thevideo compositing multiplexer 92 composites the signals received from the first andsecond line doublers video compositing multiplexer 92. - The
teleconferencing system 10 comprises aprojector 96 coupled to thevideo compositing multiplexer 92 which receives the RGB composite signal and projects a corresponding image 90 (FIG. 1A ) corresponding to the composite signal on therear projection screen 46. The Model No. 3300 available from AMPRO Corporation of Titusville, Fla. has been found to be asuitable projector 96. Although the embodiment has been described usingprojector 96 andrear projection screen 46, other suitable means may be employed for projecting or displaying the composited image. For example, a liquid crystal display (LCD) or other electronic screen may be suitable to display images at a station. This may eliminate the need for theprojector 96. - The
projector 96 could be used with an optical system or a plurality of mirrors (not shown), or prisms (not shown) such that the projector can be positioned, for example, to the side or below therear projection screen 46 or in a manner that permits theprojector 96 to project the image towards a mirror (not shown), which causes the image to be projected on therear projection screen 46. - As described in detail below, the composite signal and its
corresponding image 90 generally comprise a video image of at least a portion of the first predetermined sensory setting 12 a combined or composited with a differentiated image, such as an image of the participants from thesecond station 14 which correspond to the VS-3 and VS-4 (FIG. 1B ) signals. Consequently, theresultant image 90 projected onscreen 46 at thefirst station 12 complements or blends with the architectural motif, aura, theme or design defined by the first predetermined sensory setting 12 a at thefirst station 12, such that the projectedimage 90 appears visually integrated with the first predetermined sensory setting 12 a of thefirst station 12. This, in turn, causes any image of the participants situated at thesecond station 14 and included in theimage 90 to appear to be face-to-face with participants at thefirst station 12 during the teleconference. The operation of thecompositor 92 is described in more detail later herein. - It should be appreciated that the sub-images or images received from the remote station(s) typically have a resolution on the order of about 352×288 pixels and the predetermined composite signal A comprises a resolution on the order of about 1280×1024 pixels. Thus, the resultant
composite image 90 may comprise, for example, an image of the participants situated at thesecond station 14 having a first resolution and a background image of thefirst station 12 having a second resolution, which is higher than the first resolution. This enablescompositor 92 to provide acomposite image 90 which, when displayed onscreen 46, gives the illusion or effect of a “video mirror” to the participants situated at thefirst station 12. - The
teleconferencing system 10 also includes audio means comprising a plurality ofspeakers 100 and 102 (FIGS. 1A and 2 ) which, in turn, receive audio signals AS-B1 and AS-B2 fromCODECs second station 14. - It should also be appreciated that the
rear projection screen 46 andprojector 96 are configured and selected to enable theteleconferencing system 10 to project the composited image 90 (FIG. 1A ) at a predetermined scale, such as substantially full scale. In this regard, thecompositor 92 comprises ascaler 95 which is integral therewith for scaling the composited signal associated with the compositedimage 90 to a desired or predetermined scale, such as substantially full scale. - Referring now to
FIG. 1B , thesecond station 14 comprises similar components as the first station and such like components are labelled with the same reference numeral as their corresponding component in thefirst station 12, except that the components associated with thesecond station 14 have a “−1” designator added thereto. Such components operate and function in substantially the same manner as described above with regard to thefirst station 12 with the following being some differences. The differential reference signals DRS-3 and DRS-4 (FIG. 5 ) associated with thesecond station 14 generally correspond to an image or sub-image of at least a portion of the second predetermined sensory setting 14 a, such as the background 98-1, of thesecond station 14. Such sub-image or image may include at least a portion of the background 98-1 without any participants, chairs or other foreground subjects situated in thesecond station 14. Also, like the predetermined composite signal A stored in thestorage 94 associated with thefirst station 10, a predetermined composite signal B may be stored in the storage 94-1 associated with the compositor 92-1second station 14. The predetermined composite signal B may correspond to an image or sub-image of at least a portion of the second predetermined sensory setting 14 a of thesecond station 14. Such sub-image or image may include, for example, an image of thewalls 32 a-1 to 32 h-1 and conference area 18 or background of thesecond station 14. Notice that in the embodiment shown inFIGS. 1A and 1B , thesecond station 14 has a second predetermined sensory setting 14 a which mirrors or is complementary to the first predetermined sensory setting 12 a. As described above, however, the first and second predeterminedsensory settings - A method of operating the
teleconferencing system 10 will now be described in relation toFIGS. 6A-6D . The modular components, such asmembers 32 a to 32 h andceiling 34 forfirst station 10, decorations and the like, are configured, assembled and decorated (block 99 inFIG. 6A ) at a desired location to provide a conference station comprising a predetermined sensory setting defining a predetermined theme, motif or aura. As mentioned earlier herein, the theme, motif or aura may be complementary (as shown inFIGS. 1A and 1B ) or they can be completely different, as shown inFIGS. 3A and 3B (described below). For ease of illustration, it will be assumed that the stations are assembled and decorated as shown and described relative to the embodiment inFIGS. 1A and 1B . - Once the
modular stations decision point 101 inFIG. 6A ) to use differentiator (e.g.,differentiator 72 inFIG. 1A ). As discussed herein relative to the embodiments shown inFIGS. 4A and 4B , it may not always be desired to generate a differential reference image, thereby making it unnecessary to generate the differential reference signal. If differentiation is desired, then the camera heads 62 or 64 generate at least one video image (block 103) of at least a portion of the first predetermined sensory setting 12A at thefirst station 12. Thedifferentiators suitable storage differentiators second station 14 generate video images of at least a portion of the second predetermined setting 14 a at thesecond station 14. The differentiators 70-1 and 72-1 grab or capture at least one differential reference image or sub-image from those images and generate differential reference signals (not shown) corresponding thereto. These signals are then stored (block 109) in suitable storage 74-1 and 76-1 for use by differential key generators 70-1 and 72-1, respectively. - As mentioned above, it is preferred that the differential reference signals DRS-62 and DRS-64 comprise an image of at least a portion of the first predetermined sensory setting 12 a, such as an image of the
first station 12 without any participants, chairs or other subjects which are not stationary during the teleconference. Likewise, it is preferred that the differential reference signals associated with the differentiators 70-1 and 72-1 comprise at least a portion of the second predetermined sensory setting 14 a at thesecond station 14, such as an image of the background 98-1 without the participants, chairs and other subjects which are not stationary during the teleconference. - If differentiation of signals is not selected or at the end of the differentiation process, it may be desired to generate a composite image (decision point 97) for one or more of the stations. As discussed below, however, this may not always be required to achieve certain advantages of the invention. Such predetermined composite image would preferably include a substantial portion of the first predetermined sensory setting 12 a, including the background and/or
conference area 16 of thefirst station 12. If compositing is desired, then the predetermined composite signal A is generated (block 111 inFIG. 6B ). The corresponding predetermined composite signal A may then be stored insuitable storage 94. In the same manner, the predetermined composite image at thesecond station 14 and corresponding predetermined composite signal B may be generated and stored as predetermined composite signal B in suitable storage 94-1. In the embodiment being described, the predetermined composite image associated with thesecond station 14 includes an image of at least a portion of the second predetermined sensory setting 14 a, including the background 98-1. - In the embodiment being described, the predetermined composite signals A and B are generated by a suitable still camera (not shown) to provide a still image (not shown) of the
station image 90 inFIG. 1A ) may comprise an image having a high resolution background, for example, combined with a comparatively lower resolution image of the remote station participants. This, in turn, facilitates enhancing the “video mirror” effect wherein a mimic or replication of a common architectural technique of mirroring a wall of a given room which makes the overall room appear to be extended beyond its actual wall line. - Once the
stations second suites transmission network 84. - Next, one or more participants may be situated at the first and
second stations FIG. 2 , notice that the participants seated at thefirst station 12 are situated a predetermined distance B from a participant'sside 46 a of therear projection screen 46. The predetermined distance B generally corresponds to a preferred or optimum focal distance at which optimum imaging bycameras second station 14 in a similar manner and the face-to-face teleconference may then begin. - For ease of illustration, the imaging and display of
first station 12 participants at thesecond station 14 will be described. The first andsecond cameras FIG. 6B ) live images of the participants situated at thefirst station 12 and generate corresponding RGB analog signals I-62 and I-64 which are received by the differentialkey generators decision point 147 inFIG. 6C ), processing continues atblock 119 otherwise it proceeds atblock 123. The differentialkey generators FIG. 6C ) the digital differential signal VS-1 and VS-2, respectively, after comparing (block 119 inFIG. 6C ) the I-62 and I-64 signals received fromcameras reference signals DRS 62 and DRS-64 which are received fromstorages - The differential signals VS-1 and VS-2 are then received by
CODECs first station 12. TheCODECs second station 14 via the transmission network 84 (FIG. 1B ). - The CDS-1 and CDS-2 signals are received and decompressed (block 127 in
FIG. 6C ) by CODECs 78-1 and 80-1, respectively, associated with thesecond station 14 to provide decompressed VS-1 and VS-2 signals. The CODECs 78-1 and 80-1 also decompress the audio signals AS-A1 and AS-A2 received from thefirst station 10 which are transmitted to speakers 100-1 and 102-1, respectively, at thesecond station 14. - Substantially simultaneously with the broadcasting of the audio signals at the
second station 14, CODECs 78-1 and 80-1 decompress the CDS-1 and CDS-2 signals to provide VS-1 and VS-2 signals. The decompressed video signals VS-1 and VS-2 are then received by line doublers 86-1 and 88-1. If it is desired to enhance the signals (decision point 129), then the line doublers 86-1 and 88-1 process or manipulate the signals (block 131) in order to enhance the resolution of the image corresponding to those signals. After the signals VS-1 and VS-2 are processed, it may be desired to composite (decision point 133 inFIG. 6D ) those signals with one or more other signals. In this illustration, for example, the video compositor 92-1 composites images (block 135) corresponding to those signals with at least one predetermined composite image, such as image 122 (FIG. 5B ) corresponding to the predetermined composite signal B provided from storage 94-1 (FIG. 1B ) to provide a composite signal. As mentioned above, the composite signal generally corresponds to the composited image 91-1 to be displayed on the rear projection screen 46-1 at thesecond station 14. - The compositor 92-1 may (
decision point 137, block 139 inFIG. 6D ) scale the composited image to a desired scale, such as full scale, using scaler 95-1. Thereafter, the compositor 95-1 transmits a corresponding RGB analog signal to projector 96-1 which displays (block 141) the scaled, composited image on the rear projection screen 46-1 (FIG. 1B ). - The teleconference may then be continued or terminated as desired (
decision point 143, block 145). - Because the composited image is substantially full scale when projected and includes a high resolution image of at least a portion of the second predetermined sensory setting 14 a, the image appears to blend or become visually integrated with the second predetermined sensory setting 14 a. This, in turn, gives the participants situated at the
second station 14 the perception that the first station participants are present or face-to-face with them in thesecond station 14. - In the same or similar manner, images and signals relative to the
second station 14 images are captured, processed and displayed at thefirst station 12. So that images of the participants at thesecond station 14 are displayed at thefirst station 12 such that they appear to have a face-to-face presence at thefirst station 12. Thus, images of thesecond station 14 participants may be differentiated and composited such that, when they are displayed at thefirst station 12, the image completes or provides “the other half” of thefirst station 12 and becomes generally visually integrated therewith. Although not required, it may be desirable to enhance the face-to-face presence by providing, for example, first and second predeterminedsensory settings stations - Once the teleconferencing is terminated, the
stations -
FIGS. 5A and 5B provide a visual illustration of the images corresponding to some of the signals described above utilizing the method and embodiment described above. In this regard,images second cameras key generators key generators images images storages cameras - As illustrated in
FIG. 5A , the differentialkey generators corresponding images images first station 12 with the background area having been removed or tagged as a “zero” area. As described herein, this “zero” area becomes “filled-in” with the desired or predetermined composite image which may include, for example, an image of at least a portion of the predetermined setting or background of thesecond station 14. It has been found that removing a portion of the image, such as the background, by tagging it as zero, in the manner described herein, facilitates compressing the signals VS-1 and VS-2 and reducing the amount of bandwidth needed to transmit the images overtransmission network 84 and between the first andsecond stations - As mentioned above, the video signals VS-1 and VS-2 are fed into
CODECs transmission network 84, to thesecond station 14 and received by the CODECs 78-1 and 80-1 associated with thesecond station 14. As illustrated inFIG. 5B , the CODEC 78-1 and 80-1 decompresses the CDS-1 and CDS-2 signals, respectively, from thefirst station 12 and feeds them into associated line doublers 86-1 and 88-1. As mentioned earlier herein, the line doublers 86-1 and 88-1 facilitate enhancing the images associated with the video signals to provide enhanced video signals EVS-1 and EVS-2 (FIG. 5B ), respectively. - As stated earlier, the enhanced video signals EVS-1 and EVS-2 are then received by the video compositing multiplexer 92-1 associated with the
second station 14 wherein the signals are combined to provide an intermediate composite signal ICS having an associated intermediatecomposite signal image 120 having an aspect ratio of about 8:3. - The video compositing multiplexer 92-1 also receives the predetermined composite signal B having a predetermined composite
signal B image 122 from storage 94-1. The video compositing multiplexer 92-1 composites or combines theimages composite image 124 as shown inFIG. 5B . As stated earlier, the predetermined compositesignal B image 122 generally corresponds to at least a portion of the predetermined setting or background of thesecond station 14 and has an aspect ratio of 16:9. - Notice that when the predetermined composite
signal B image 122 is combined with the intermediatecomposite signal image 120, the video compositing multiplexer 92-1 causes the “zero” area of the intermediatecomposite signal image 120 to be “filled in” with the predetermined composite signal B image. - The
composite image 124 may then be scaled to a predetermined size or scale, such as full scale, using scaler 94-1, so that thecomposite image 124 may be scaled to a substantially full scale or real-life size image as desired. The composite image signal corresponding to thecomposite image 124 is transmitted to the projector 96-1 and then displayed on the rear projection screen 46-1 at thesecond station 14. As illustrated inFIGS. 1B and 5B , thecomposite image 124 may be appropriately framed or masked (such as with anarchway 125 inFIGS. 1B and 5B ) when it is projected at thesecond station 14 to enhance the face-to-face, real time environment. - The audio and video signals transmitted between the first and
second stations transmission network 84 in order to effect a substantially simultaneous and/or “real time” video conference. Thus, in the illustration shown inFIGS. 1A and 1B , the participants may be geographically remotely located, yet the participants situated at thefirst station 12 will feel as if thesecond station 14 participants are located face-to-face or present with them at thefirst station 12, while the participants situated at thesecond station 14 will feel as if the first station participants are face-to-face or present with them at the second station. - It should be appreciated that when the predetermined composite signal B and associated predetermined
composite signal image 122 is composited with the intermediate composite signal and associated intermediatecomposite signal image 120, it overlays that signal to provide a seamlesscomposite image 124, which facilitates reducing or eliminating the need to match up the borders or seams of the camera images with any high degree of accuracy. In this regard, it is preferable thatcameras - Advantageously, the invention provides an apparatus and method for providing a video mirror at each
station FIG. 5B ) having at least a portion thereof imaged at a greater resolution than the portion which was transmitted overtransmission network 84. This facilitates reducing the effect of limitations or transmission restrictions of thetransmission network 84 which, in turn, facilitates increasing the quality of images displayed at a station. - In addition, notice that the composite image 124 (
FIG. 5B ) may have an aspect ratio which is different from the aspect ratio of thecameras -
FIGS. 3A and 3B , when taken together, illustrate another embodiment of the invention. The operation and components of the embodiment shown inFIGS. 3A and 3B are substantially the same as the operation of components of the embodiment described above relative toFIGS. 1A and 1B with the same reference numerals being used for the same components with the addition of single prime (′) designator. Consequently this embodiment is similar to the embodiment shown inFIGS. 1A and 1B , except that the second predetermined setting 14 a′ inFIG. 3B and its associated theme, aura or motif is substantially different from the second predetermined setting 14 a shown inFIG. 1B . InFIG. 3B , the first predetermined sensory setting 12 a′ comprises a plurality ofdecorations 120 defining the Chinese theme, motif or aura. Also, the predetermined composite signal A stored in storage 94-1′ and the differential reference signals stored in storages 74-1′ and 76-1 would generally correspond to an image of at least a portion of that setting 14 a′. - As with the illustration described above relative to
FIGS. 1A and 1B , the video and audio signals would be processed in substantially the same manner. In general, an image of the participants situated at thefirst station 12′ is composited by compositor 92-1′ with a predetermined composite image of at least a portion of the second predetermined sensory setting 14 a′ of thesecond station 14′ and projected onto the rear projection screen 46-1′ at thesecond station 14′. Thefirst station 12′ participants appear to be face-to-face with thesecond station 14′ participants because they have a relatively high resolution video image behind them which complements or becomes integrated with the second predetermined sensory setting 14 a′. Thus, as shown inFIG. 3B , the image 91-1′ (FIG. 3B ) of the ladies at thefirst station 12′ includes a Chinese background which blends or complements the actual predetermined sensory setting 14 a′. - Likewise, when the image of the participants situated at the
second station 14′ is projected on therear projection screen 46′ at thefirst station 12′, they appear to be in the same room as the participants situated at thefirst station 12′ because the Roman/Italian video background which is seen behind thesecond station 14′ participants generally complements and becomes visually integrated with the actual Roman/Italian theme, motif or aura defined by the first predetermined sensory setting 12′ of thefirst station 12′. -
FIGS. 4A and 4B , when taken together, illustrate another embodiment of the invention. The components of the embodiment shown inFIGS. 4A and 4B which are substantially identical to the components in the embodiment shown inFIGS. 1A and 1B which have the same reference numerals with the addition of a double prime (“″”) designators. As illustrated inFIGS. 4A and 4B , two remote modular stations such asstations 12″ and 14″ may be provided and designed to have first and second predeterminedsensory settings 12 a″ and 14 a″ which are substantially identical. Thus, as shown inFIGS. 4A and 4B , images may be captured in the manner described above atstation 12″ received byCODECs 78″ and 80″ and then transmitted, viatransmission 84″, to associated CODECs 78-1″ and 80-1″, respectively. The CODECs 78-1″ and 80-1″ then generate a decompressed signal which may be enhanced by line doublers 86-1″ and 88-1″, respectively; scaled to an appropriate scale by scaler 95-1″; and then projected by projector 96-1″ onto rear projection screen 46-1″. - Notice that the image comprising the
second station 14″ participants and second predetermined sensory setting 14 a″ is displayed onscreen 46″ at thefirst station 12″. Thus, this embodiment does not utilize the differentiating and compositing features of the previous embodiment, but may still achieve a face-to-face conference environment because the second predetermined sensory setting 14 a″ is configured to be identical to or complementary with the first predetermined sensory setting 12 a″. In this embodiment, entire images or sub-images of thestations 12 and 14 (including images of both participants and background) are displayed at remote station(s). Because thestations 12″ and 14″ are assembled, decorated and designed to be complementary or identical, they appear visually integrated to participants situated in thestations sensory settings 12 a″ and 14 a″, including the background, are designed and arranged in a geometric fashion such that ascameras 62″ and 64″ capture images of the participants, they also capture images of the first and second predetermined sensory setting 12 a″ and 14 a″, respectively, at the most advantageous perspective for display at the remote station(s). As with prior embodiments, this causes thefirst station 12″ participants to perceive that thesecond station 14″ participants are situated or present with thefirst station 12″ participants at thefirst station 14″. Likewise, thefirst station 12″ participants appear to be face-to-face with thesecond station 14″ participants at thesecond station 14″ when the images associated with thefirst station 12″ are displayed on screen 46-1″. Consequently, by providing complementary or identical first and second predeterminedsensory settings 12 a″ and 14 a″, a face-to-face conference may be created. As with previous embodiments, it may also be desired to differentiate, enhance, composite or scale the images as described with previous embodiments, but this is not required with the embodiment being described. - Thus, it should be apparent that stations can be provided with predetermined settings which are completely different, yet, by utilizing the apparatus and method of the present invention, the images of the participants in these stations may be projected at remote stations so that they appear to be virtually face-to-face with the remote station participants at one or more remote stations.
- Various changes or modifications in the invention described may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. For example, the
screen 46 forstation 12 has been shown as being integral with a portion of awall 32 h (FIGS. 1A and 2A ), it could comprise a larger or smaller portion of thatwall 32 h, or it could be provided as part of one or more other walls, or even as part of theceiling 34. - It should also be appreciated that while the embodiments have been shown and described comprising two stations, images from more than two remote stations may be displayed at a station, thereby permitting a teleconference convention among more than two stations.
- Although not shown, one or more of the compositors, such as
compositors 12 or 12-1 (FIG. 1A ) may comprise a stationary or moving image database (not shown) for providing a plurality of predetermined composite signals which define a particular or desired video background. For example, participants may elect to use the arched background of their proximity, choose an event-related scene, or decide to meet in a setting completely unrelated to their site or station. For example, a station having a Manhattan eatery motif may be provided with a screen configured as a window (not shown). Certain moving video backgrounds of a busy New York avenue may be deposited and displayed on the screen to give the illusion that the participants situated at the station are dining in a popular Manhattan eatery. - It should also be appreciated that while the embodiments being shown and described herein refer to teleconferencing environments that have predetermined settings and motifs or auras relating to dining, the predetermined settings could define any type of aura, theme or motif which is suitable for video conferencing and in which it is desired to provide a “real-life” or face-to-face presence illusion. For example, the apparatus and method of this invention could be used in a business setting, education setting, seminar setting, home environment, religious setting, celebration setting (such as a birthday, retirement party, holiday or anniversary), or any other suitable setting as desired.
- The above description of the invention is intended to be illustrative and not limiting, and is not intended that the invention be restricted thereto but that it be limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (23)
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EP1187480A1 (en) | 2002-03-13 |
DE69527440D1 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
US6445405B1 (en) | 2002-09-03 |
US5751337A (en) | 1998-05-12 |
US6160573A (en) | 2000-12-12 |
EP0806115B1 (en) | 2002-07-17 |
US20040100553A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
DE69527440T2 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
AU697578B2 (en) | 1998-10-08 |
EP0806115A4 (en) | 1998-03-11 |
CA2200477A1 (en) | 1996-03-28 |
AU3634495A (en) | 1996-04-09 |
ATE220838T1 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
CA2200477C (en) | 2005-02-08 |
KR100403885B1 (en) | 2004-04-03 |
US7116350B2 (en) | 2006-10-03 |
DE69534660T2 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
DE69534660D1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
US6654045B2 (en) | 2003-11-25 |
US20030020805A1 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
ATE311724T1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
US5572248A (en) | 1996-11-05 |
EP1187480B1 (en) | 2005-11-30 |
JPH10508990A (en) | 1998-09-02 |
WO1996009722A1 (en) | 1996-03-28 |
EP0806115A1 (en) | 1997-11-12 |
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