US20060126609A1 - Switching matrix with two control inputs at each switching element - Google Patents
Switching matrix with two control inputs at each switching element Download PDFInfo
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- US20060126609A1 US20060126609A1 US11/283,274 US28327405A US2006126609A1 US 20060126609 A1 US20060126609 A1 US 20060126609A1 US 28327405 A US28327405 A US 28327405A US 2006126609 A1 US2006126609 A1 US 2006126609A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- switching
- control
- connection
- switching elements
- signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H67/00—Electrically-operated selector switches
- H01H67/22—Switches without multi-position wipers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H59/00—Electrostatic relays; Electro-adhesion relays
- H01H59/0009—Electrostatic relays; Electro-adhesion relays making use of micromechanics
Definitions
- the present invention concerns a switching matrix of the type having a first number of inputs and a second number of outputs with a conductor arrangement and controllable switching elements by means of which the inputs can be selectively connected with the outputs.
- a switching matrix is necessary to route magnetic resonance signals acquired by a number of local coils to corresponding receivers.
- all local coils are not always simultaneously located in a homogeneity volume of the magnetic resonance apparatus and thus each coil does not always receive a magnetic resonance signal.
- the number of local coils frequently exceeds the available analog/digital converters that convert the signal for further processing. It is therefore necessary to use a switching matrix so that the local coils can be variably connected with the analog/digital converters.
- the switching matrix can be realized as a distributor network that is composed of conductors that lead from the local coils to the acquisition channels and are arranged in rows and columns. At each intersection point of the various lines, a controllable switch is present that can connect or separate the corresponding intersecting lines and thus connect the respective local coil with the respective analog/digital converter. In the example of 64 local coils and 32 acquisition channels, 2,048 controllable switching elements are necessary.
- One possibility for the realization of such a switching matrix is the use of semiconductor technology.
- Each switch can be formed by semiconductor components, with one to three semiconductor components being necessary for each switch. Capacitors and coils are still additionally used to separate the control signal of the switch from the radio-frequency voltage to be switched. In total, more than 10,000 individual semiconductor elements are required to realize such a switching matrix.
- control unit is necessary for each control line for generation of the control signals. Such a high number of control units can not be realized on one chip even in customer-specific integrated circuits.
- MEM micro-lectromechanical components
- electromechanical relays or switches are of interest for the application in the switching matrix. Because such switches close the conductors via a mechanical contact, they exhibit a good linearity in terms of their analog signal transfer performance.
- the use of such components also requires a separate control line and a control unit.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a switching matrix in which a number of controllable switching elements can be controlled with little effort.
- each of the controllable switching elements has a single state-changing component that is switched by at least two independent control signals, so it is also possible to design the control lines as a matrix, thus sparing a large number of conductors.
- each switching element is connected with two control lines. However, it only switches when a control signal is applied on both lines, and the state-changing equipment thereof changes state only when a control signal is applied on both lines.
- the number of control lines in the example of 64 acquisition channels and 32 local coils is thereby reduced from 2,049 to 96, which entails a drastic simplification in the manufacture of such a switching matrix.
- each switching element is formed by a micro-electromechanical switch.
- This type of switch offers the advantage of good linearity in terms of its analog signal transfer performance since such switches close the conductors via a mechanical contact.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a switching matrix in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 2 is an exemplary embodiment of a micro-electromechanical switching element.
- FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the inventive switching matrix.
- FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the micro-electromechanical switching element.
- FIG. 1 shows a switching matrix 2 for connection of local coils 4 of a magnetic resonance apparatus with corresponding analog/digital converters 6 .
- Inputs 8 of the switching matrix 2 are connected with a number of local coils 4 .
- Coil preamplifiers 10 are arranged between the switching matrix 2 and the local coils 4 . Three local coils 2 and three coil preamplifiers 10 are shown in this example.
- the switching matrix 2 has a number of outputs 12 that are connected with analog/digital converters 6 . Only three analog/digital converters 6 are shown in this example. Mixers 14 are respectively arranged between the switching matrix 2 and the analog/digital converters 6 .
- the switching matrix 2 has an electrical signal line 16 and 18 for each local coil 4 to be connected and each analog/digital converter 6 to be connected.
- the electrical signal lines 16 and 18 are arranged in the form of a matrix.
- the switching matrix 2 has switching elements 20 by means of which the signal lines 16 from the local coils 4 can be connected with the signal lines 18 to the analog/digital converters 6 , or can be separated therefrom. The design of the switching elements 20 is further described in detail below in connection with FIG. 2 .
- the switching matrix 2 has a number of electrical control lines 22 and 24 for control of the switching elements 20 .
- the switching elements 20 are connected via the control lines 22 with control units 26 via which control signals are generated and transferred to the switching elements 20 .
- the control units 26 are individually actuatable (activatable) dependent on which inputs 8 are desired to be connected to which outputs 12 .
- the control lines 22 and 24 are arranged in a matrix structure analogous to the signal lines 16 and 18 . All switching elements arranged in a row are thereby connected with a control unit 26 via one of the control lines 22 . All switching elements 20 arranged one above the other in a column are likewise connected with a single control unit 20 via one of the control lines 24 . Each of the switching elements 20 is consequently connected with two of the control units 26 . In the present example, each control unit 26 is connected with three switching elements 20 .
- the difference of six as opposed to nine control units 26 is small; but in general the number of the required control lines 22 and 24 and control units 26 reduces from m ⁇ n to m+n, whereby m is the number of the local coils 2 and n is the number of the analog/digital converters 6 .
- the number of the required control units reduces from 2,048 to 96.
- FIG. 2 shows the internal design of one of the switching elements 20 .
- the switching element 20 has a micro-electromechanical switch 102 , as the state-changing component thereof that is connected with a signal input 106 via a line 104 .
- the signal input 106 is connected with one of the local coils 4 via one of the electrical signal lines 16 .
- the switch 102 is connected with a signal output 110 of the switching element 20 over a second line 108 .
- the signal output 110 is connected with one of the analog/digital converters 6 over one of the electrical signal lines 18 . Given a closed switch 102 , the local coil 4 is connected with the analog/digital converter 6 and transfers its measurement signals.
- the switch 102 has a switch tongue 112 that is connected with a switch contact 116 via a capacitor 114 . If a sufficiently high voltage is applied between the switch contact 116 and the switch tongue 112 , the switch 102 is closed. The capacitor 114 is simultaneously charged. Due to the charging of the capacitor 114 , even given a disconnected voltage the switch 102 is held closed for a defined time. A resistor 118 is switched in parallel with the capacitor 114 to achieve a discharge of the capacitor 114 with a definite time constant.
- the capacitor 114 is connected with two control inputs 124 of the switching element 20 via two control lines 120 and 122 .
- the control inputs 124 are connected with the control lines 22 and 24 in the switching matrix. If control signals (in the form of sufficiently high voltages) are applied at both control inputs 124 , the switch 102 is closed.
- a Zener diode 126 is arranged in each of the control lines 120 and 122 . This prevents a closing of the switch 102 in the event that a control signal is present on only one of the two control lines 120 or 122 .
- the corresponding voltage is selected such that it is not sufficient in order to switch both Zener diodes 126 to the conductive state, i.e. to exceed the Zener voltage of the Zener diodes 126 .
- Zener diodes 126 only switch to the low-ohmic state (whereby the switch 102 is closed) when control signals are applied at both control inputs 125 .
- Transistors or other electronic components with comparable effect can be used instead of Zener diodes.
- the switching element 20 With the described design of the switching element 20 it is ensured that the connection from a local coil 4 to an analog/digital converter 6 is produced only when two control signals are applied to the switching element 20 . Otherwise the switching element 20 remains open. In comparison with known solutions, less effort is necessary to variably route a number of input signals.
- the application is not limited to magnetic resonance signals; rather, the matrix can be used in other fields.
- FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the switching matrix 30 .
- the fundamental design for the most part corresponds to the example described in FIG. 1 , so only the differences are discussed.
- the control units 36 are directly connected with the switching elements 28 via the signal lines 16 and 18 .
- the internal design of the switching elements 28 differs from the switching elements 20 shown in FIG. 1 and is described in detail using FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 4 shows the internal design of the switching element 28 used in the switching matrix 30 , wherein the design and functionality correspond to the example shown in FIG. 2 , but the switching element 28 does not possess the separate control inputs 124 of the switching element 20 .
- the signal lines 104 and 108 and the control lines 120 and 122 are merged into respective connection lines 128 and 130 just before the connections 132 and 134 of the switching element 28 .
- the switching element 28 thus has only two connections 132 and 134 , in contrast to which the switching element 20 in total has four connections 106 , 110 and the two connections 24 .
- the conduction of the measurement signals of the local coils 4 and of the control signals of the control units 26 is unproblematic since the measurement signals to be transferred from the local coils 4 are radio-frequency signals, but the control signals are direct voltage currents.
- Two capacitors 136 are arranged before and after the switch tongue 102 of the switch to block the direct voltage signals from the signal path leading across the switch 102 . Otherwise, the design corresponds to the arrangement already described in FIG. 2 with Zener diodes 126 , holding contact 116 as well as capacitor 114 and resistor 118 .
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention concerns a switching matrix of the type having a first number of inputs and a second number of outputs with a conductor arrangement and controllable switching elements by means of which the inputs can be selectively connected with the outputs.
- 2. Description of the Prior Art
- In the transmission of electrical signals, it is frequently necessary to route a number of input signals. For example, a switching matrix is necessary to route magnetic resonance signals acquired by a number of local coils to corresponding receivers. In general, all local coils are not always simultaneously located in a homogeneity volume of the magnetic resonance apparatus and thus each coil does not always receive a magnetic resonance signal. Furthermore, the number of local coils frequently exceeds the available analog/digital converters that convert the signal for further processing. It is therefore necessary to use a switching matrix so that the local coils can be variably connected with the analog/digital converters. For example, there are magnetic resonance apparatuses with 32 acquisition channels to which analog/digital converters are connected. If 64 local coils for examination of a patient are positioned in an examination, the local coils are variably connected with the 32 analog/digital converters by the switching matrix.
- The switching matrix can be realized as a distributor network that is composed of conductors that lead from the local coils to the acquisition channels and are arranged in rows and columns. At each intersection point of the various lines, a controllable switch is present that can connect or separate the corresponding intersecting lines and thus connect the respective local coil with the respective analog/digital converter. In the example of 64 local coils and 32 acquisition channels, 2,048 controllable switching elements are necessary. One possibility for the realization of such a switching matrix is the use of semiconductor technology. Each switch can be formed by semiconductor components, with one to three semiconductor components being necessary for each switch. Capacitors and coils are still additionally used to separate the control signal of the switch from the radio-frequency voltage to be switched. In total, more than 10,000 individual semiconductor elements are required to realize such a switching matrix. It is additionally necessary to activate each switch in the switching element by means of a separate control line via which the control signal is supplied. A control unit is necessary for each control line for generation of the control signals. Such a high number of control units can not be realized on one chip even in customer-specific integrated circuits.
- A further possibility for the realization of controllable switches is micro-lectromechanical components (MEM). In particular electromechanical relays or switches are of interest for the application in the switching matrix. Because such switches close the conductors via a mechanical contact, they exhibit a good linearity in terms of their analog signal transfer performance. The use of such components, however, also requires a separate control line and a control unit.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a switching matrix in which a number of controllable switching elements can be controlled with little effort.
- This object is achieved by a switching matrix wherein each of the controllable switching elements has a single state-changing component that is switched by at least two independent control signals, so it is also possible to design the control lines as a matrix, thus sparing a large number of conductors. In such an arrangement each switching element is connected with two control lines. However, it only switches when a control signal is applied on both lines, and the state-changing equipment thereof changes state only when a control signal is applied on both lines. The number of control lines in the example of 64 acquisition channels and 32 local coils is thereby reduced from 2,049 to 96, which entails a drastic simplification in the manufacture of such a switching matrix.
- In an embodiment, each switching element is formed by a micro-electromechanical switch. This type of switch offers the advantage of good linearity in terms of its analog signal transfer performance since such switches close the conductors via a mechanical contact.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a switching matrix in accordance with the invention. -
FIG. 2 is an exemplary embodiment of a micro-electromechanical switching element. -
FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the inventive switching matrix. -
FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the micro-electromechanical switching element. -
FIG. 1 shows aswitching matrix 2 for connection oflocal coils 4 of a magnetic resonance apparatus with corresponding analog/digital converters 6.Inputs 8 of theswitching matrix 2 are connected with a number oflocal coils 4.Coil preamplifiers 10 are arranged between theswitching matrix 2 and thelocal coils 4. Threelocal coils 2 and threecoil preamplifiers 10 are shown in this example. - The
switching matrix 2 has a number ofoutputs 12 that are connected with analog/digital converters 6. Only three analog/digital converters 6 are shown in this example.Mixers 14 are respectively arranged between theswitching matrix 2 and the analog/digital converters 6. - The
switching matrix 2 has anelectrical signal line local coil 4 to be connected and each analog/digital converter 6 to be connected. Theelectrical signal lines switching matrix 2 has switchingelements 20 by means of which thesignal lines 16 from thelocal coils 4 can be connected with thesignal lines 18 to the analog/digital converters 6, or can be separated therefrom. The design of theswitching elements 20 is further described in detail below in connection withFIG. 2 . - The
switching matrix 2 has a number ofelectrical control lines switching elements 20. Theswitching elements 20 are connected via thecontrol lines 22 withcontrol units 26 via which control signals are generated and transferred to theswitching elements 20. Thecontrol units 26 are individually actuatable (activatable) dependent on whichinputs 8 are desired to be connected to which outputs 12. Thecontrol lines signal lines control unit 26 via one of thecontrol lines 22. Allswitching elements 20 arranged one above the other in a column are likewise connected with asingle control unit 20 via one of thecontrol lines 24. Each of theswitching elements 20 is consequently connected with two of thecontrol units 26. In the present example, eachcontrol unit 26 is connected with threeswitching elements 20. - If one of the
local coils 4 should be connected with one of the analog/digital converters 6, it is thus necessary to close thecorresponding switching element 20. Control signals of bothcontrol units 26 connected with therespective switching element 20 are necessary for this. Corresponding control signals are also applied to theswitching elements 20 arranged in the same row or, respectively, the same column, but only one control signal, which is not sufficient to trigger a switching event of theswitching element 20. This is explained below in detail usingFIG. 2 . In comparison with a known crossover matrix in which eachswitching element 20 is activated via aseparate control unit 26, the number of thecontrol units 26 andcontrol lines control units 26 is small; but in general the number of the requiredcontrol lines control units 26 reduces from m·n to m+n, whereby m is the number of thelocal coils 2 and n is the number of the analog/digital converters 6. In the example mentioned above of a magnetic resonance apparatus with sixty-four local coils and thirty-two analog/digital converters, the number of the required control units reduces from 2,048 to 96. -
FIG. 2 shows the internal design of one of the switchingelements 20. The switchingelement 20 has amicro-electromechanical switch 102, as the state-changing component thereof that is connected with asignal input 106 via aline 104. In the switchingmatrix 2, thesignal input 106 is connected with one of thelocal coils 4 via one of the electrical signal lines 16. Theswitch 102 is connected with asignal output 110 of the switchingelement 20 over asecond line 108. In the switchingmatrix 2, thesignal output 110 is connected with one of the analog/digital converters 6 over one of the electrical signal lines 18. Given aclosed switch 102, thelocal coil 4 is connected with the analog/digital converter 6 and transfers its measurement signals. - The
switch 102 has aswitch tongue 112 that is connected with aswitch contact 116 via acapacitor 114. If a sufficiently high voltage is applied between theswitch contact 116 and theswitch tongue 112, theswitch 102 is closed. Thecapacitor 114 is simultaneously charged. Due to the charging of thecapacitor 114, even given a disconnected voltage theswitch 102 is held closed for a defined time. Aresistor 118 is switched in parallel with thecapacitor 114 to achieve a discharge of thecapacitor 114 with a definite time constant. - The
capacitor 114 is connected with twocontrol inputs 124 of the switchingelement 20 via twocontrol lines control inputs 124 are connected with thecontrol lines control inputs 124, theswitch 102 is closed. AZener diode 126 is arranged in each of thecontrol lines switch 102 in the event that a control signal is present on only one of the twocontrol lines Zener diodes 126 to the conductive state, i.e. to exceed the Zener voltage of theZener diodes 126. In this case no current flows and theswitch 102 is not closed. TheZener diodes 126 only switch to the low-ohmic state (whereby theswitch 102 is closed) when control signals are applied at both control inputs 125. Transistors or other electronic components with comparable effect can be used instead of Zener diodes. - With the described design of the switching
element 20 it is ensured that the connection from alocal coil 4 to an analog/digital converter 6 is produced only when two control signals are applied to the switchingelement 20. Otherwise the switchingelement 20 remains open. In comparison with known solutions, less effort is necessary to variably route a number of input signals. The application is not limited to magnetic resonance signals; rather, the matrix can be used in other fields. -
FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the switchingmatrix 30. The fundamental design for the most part corresponds to the example described inFIG. 1 , so only the differences are discussed. In contrast to the example shown inFIG. 1 , in the exemplary embodiment fromFIG. 3 nocontrol lines elements 28 via thesignal lines elements 28 differs from the switchingelements 20 shown inFIG. 1 and is described in detail usingFIG. 4 . - The principle functionality equates to that described in connection with
FIG. 1 . Only when two control signals are applied to a switchingelement 28 is a switching event triggered and does the switch close. The correspondinglocal coil 4 is then connected with the corresponding analog/digital converter 6. -
FIG. 4 shows the internal design of the switchingelement 28 used in the switchingmatrix 30, wherein the design and functionality correspond to the example shown inFIG. 2 , but the switchingelement 28 does not possess theseparate control inputs 124 of the switchingelement 20. In the switchingelement 28, thesignal lines control lines respective connection lines connections element 28. The switchingelement 28 thus has only twoconnections switching element 20 in total has fourconnections connections 24. - The conduction of the measurement signals of the
local coils 4 and of the control signals of thecontrol units 26 is unproblematic since the measurement signals to be transferred from thelocal coils 4 are radio-frequency signals, but the control signals are direct voltage currents. Twocapacitors 136 are arranged before and after theswitch tongue 102 of the switch to block the direct voltage signals from the signal path leading across theswitch 102. Otherwise, the design corresponds to the arrangement already described inFIG. 2 withZener diodes 126, holdingcontact 116 as well ascapacitor 114 andresistor 118. - Although modifications and changes may be suggested by those skilled in the art, it is the intention of the inventor to embody within the patent warranted hereon all changes and modifications as reasonably and properly come within the scope of his contribution to the art.
Claims (21)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102004055939A DE102004055939B4 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2004-11-19 | switching matrix |
DE102004055939 | 2004-11-19 | ||
DE102004055939.2 | 2004-11-19 |
Publications (2)
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US20060126609A1 true US20060126609A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
US7684427B2 US7684427B2 (en) | 2010-03-23 |
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US11/283,274 Expired - Fee Related US7684427B2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2005-11-18 | Switching matrix with two control inputs at each switching element |
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US (1) | US7684427B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102004055939B4 (en) |
Cited By (5)
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US20110136004A1 (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2011-06-09 | Yoontai Kwak | Rechargeable battery |
US20110136002A1 (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2011-06-09 | Kyuwon Cho | Rechargeable secondary battery having improved safety against puncture and collapse |
WO2013081746A1 (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-06-06 | General Electric Company | A micro-electromechanical switch and a related method thereof |
US9117610B2 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2015-08-25 | General Electric Company | Integrated micro-electromechanical switches and a related method thereof |
US11342964B2 (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2022-05-24 | Capital One Services, Llc | Array and method for improved wireless communication |
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DE102008021170B4 (en) | 2008-04-28 | 2010-02-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device for receiving signals |
US9157952B2 (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2015-10-13 | National Instruments Corporation | Switch matrix system and method |
DE102011079564B4 (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2015-11-19 | Siemens Ag | MRT local coil |
DE102011089376B4 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2014-11-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Selection unit for a magnetic resonance imaging system |
DE102017004105B4 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2024-04-11 | Luitpold Greiner | Magnetically bistable axially symmetric linear actuator with pole contour, device with this and switching matrix for tactile applications |
WO2018197052A1 (en) | 2017-04-29 | 2018-11-01 | Luitpold Greiner | Tactile display having a magnetically bistable axially symmetrical linear actuator having a pole contour and switching matrix, and optical-tactile seeing aid having same |
US11190284B2 (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2021-11-30 | Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Switching system and method for sequential switching of radio frequency paths |
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US9117610B2 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2015-08-25 | General Electric Company | Integrated micro-electromechanical switches and a related method thereof |
US11342964B2 (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2022-05-24 | Capital One Services, Llc | Array and method for improved wireless communication |
US20220247454A1 (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2022-08-04 | Capital One Services, Llc | Array and method for improved wireless communication |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102004055939A1 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
US7684427B2 (en) | 2010-03-23 |
DE102004055939B4 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
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