US20060071083A1 - Security tag and process for making same - Google Patents
Security tag and process for making same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060071083A1 US20060071083A1 US11/285,255 US28525505A US2006071083A1 US 20060071083 A1 US20060071083 A1 US 20060071083A1 US 28525505 A US28525505 A US 28525505A US 2006071083 A1 US2006071083 A1 US 2006071083A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tag
- electrically conductive
- substrate
- adhesive
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/10—Removing layers, or parts of layers, mechanically or chemically
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
- G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
- G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
- G08B13/2428—Tag details
- G08B13/2437—Tag layered structure, processes for making layered tags
- G08B13/244—Tag manufacturing, e.g. continuous manufacturing processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
- B32B2311/24—Aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2317/00—Animal or vegetable based
- B32B2317/12—Paper, e.g. cardboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/0004—Cutting, tearing or severing, e.g. bursting; Cutter details
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
- Y10T156/108—Flash, trim or excess removal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
- Y10T156/1084—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing of continuous or running length bonded web
- Y10T156/1085—One web only
Definitions
- the present invention relates to resonant tags and more particularly to a process for making resonant frequency circuits for use as resonant tags.
- Resonant tags are tags which include a passive electrically resonant frequency circuit which resonates at a predetermined frequency when stimulated by a radio frequency electromagnetic field at about the resonant frequency of the tag and which is incident upon the resonant tag.
- the resonant frequency circuit resonating within a region occupied by the electromagnetic field perturbs the electromagnetic field.
- the perturbation of the electromagnetic field is detectable by suitable equipment. Consequently, the presence of a resonant tag within a prescribed region may be detected.
- resonant tags are attached to goods sold at retail in order to deter theft.
- Resonant tags used for this purpose are capable of being removed from the goods or deactivated when a legitimate sale is consummated.
- Resonant tags which are not removed or deactivated at the point of sale may be detected by suitable detection apparatus, generally placed at points of exit from a retail establishment.
- a resonant tag comprises a generally flat thin laminate of a dielectric layer separating conductor layers.
- one of the conductor layers comprises a flat spiral conductor (coil) forming an inductance, and one plate of a capacitor connected to a proximal end of the coil.
- a second plate of the capacitor is formed on the second conductor layer. A through connection between the second plate and a distal end of the coil completes the resonant frequency circuit comprising the coil inductor and the capacitor.
- inductive and capacitive elements of resonant tags be manufactured with precision in order that the resonant frequency of the tags be held within prescribed limits.
- a generally used method for making resonant tags employs etching a metallic foil to form the components of the conductive layers. This process, while yielding the necessary precision, results in excessive waste of the metallic foil.
- the present invention comprises a preferred method of making a resonant frequency circuit.
- the method includes the steps of: (1) forming a first adhesive layer in a first predetermined pattern on a surface of a first substrate; (2) laminating a first conductive foil to the surface of the first substrate to form a first conductive layer; (3) forming a first portion of the first conductive layer in a shape generally corresponding to the first predetermined pattern; and (4) removing a second portion of the first conductive layer not corresponding to the first portion to thereby establish a first conductive trace on the surface of the first substrate.
- the present invention also comprises an alternate method of making a resonant frequency circuit.
- the method includes the steps of: (1) securing a first conductive foil to a first surface of a first substrate to form a first conductive layer; (2) etching the first conductive layer to form a first conductive trace, the first conductive trace including at least one inductor and at least one first capacitor plate; (3) securing a second conductive foil to a second substrate to form a second conductive layer; (4) forming a second conductive trace on the second substrate by cutting the second conductive layer; (5) removing a waste portion of the second conductive layer, wherein the second conductive trace includes at least a second capacitor plate; and (6) laminating the second conductive trace to the first conductive trace with a dielectric layer therebetween, the at least one second capacitor plate overlying and generally aligned with the at least one first capacitor plate.
- FIG. 1 is schematic diagram of a process for making first and second laminates of a resonant tag according to a first preferred embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process for making a third laminate and securing the third laminate to either the first laminate or the second laminate;
- FIGS. 3A-3F are schematic cross-section diagrams of portions of the resonant tag as fabricated by the process shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIGS. 3G-3O are schematic cross-section diagrams of the resonant tag as fabricated by the process shown in FIG. 2 ;
- FIG. 4 is an illustration of a metallic foil diecut in accordance with the process shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 5 is an illustration of removing the second substrate from the first substrate to form the first and second laminates in accordance with the process shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a process for making a first laminate of a resonant tag according to a second preferred embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a process for making the resonant tag according to a third preferred embodiment.
- FIGS. 1 and 3 A- 3 E a process 10 a for making a resonant tag according to a first preferred embodiment.
- a first substrate 13 for the resonant tag is stored on a first unwind roll 12 .
- the first substrate 13 is paper which has been calendared in order to provide a densified sheet having a smooth finish and a uniform thickness.
- An adhesive is applied to a surface 13 a of the first substrate 13 as the first substrate 13 is removed from the unwind roll 12 ( FIG. 3A ).
- the adhesive forms a first adhesive layer 19 in a first predetermined pattern on the surface 13 a of the substrate 13 .
- the adhesive forming the first adhesive layer 19 is an aggressive, pressure sensitive adhesive such as a vinyl acetate monomer, which provides a high initial tack when cured by an air dryer 62 and which achieves a high bonding strength when subjected to pressure.
- an aggressive, pressure sensitive adhesive such as a vinyl acetate monomer
- Other types of aggressive adhesives such as heat seal adhesives and those which may be cured by ultra violet rays or electron beams may also be used.
- the adhesive is applied to the surface 13 a of the first substrate 13 by a printing station 14 . More preferably, the adhesive is applied to the surface 13 a by flexographic printing.
- other methods for providing the adhesive layer 19 in the first pattern such as gravure printing, letter pressing etc. are within the spirit and scope of the invention.
- a first conductive foil 15 is stored on a second unwind roll 16 .
- the first conductive foil 15 is an aluminum alloy having a purity of about 98%, a thickness in the range of 20-100 microns and preferably 30-70 microns, and forming properties such as hardness and ductility suitable for diecutting.
- the first conductive foil 15 is removed from the unwind roll 16 and is laminated to the surface 13 a of the first substrate 13 by laminating rolls 18 to form a first conductive layer 35 ( FIG. 3B ).
- the first adhesive layer 19 acts as an agent for bonding the first conductive layer 35 to the first substrate 13 in a region corresponding to the first predetermined pattern.
- both sides of the first conductive foil 15 are flood coated with a dielectric to provide dielectric layers 21 , 23 having a thickness in the range of 1-25 microns and preferably 1-10 microns.
- the dielectric is a heat seal dielectric material, such as polyethylene which readily bonds to aluminum.
- other dielectric materials such as a styrene-acylate polymer or a vinyl acetate could also be used.
- the foil 15 is purchased with the dielectric layers 21 , 23 already applied.
- the dielectric layers 21 , 23 may be applied to the foil 15 by printing the dielectric on-line using a gravure knife over roll or a similar printing process.
- the first conductive layer 35 is patterned to form a patterned first conductor layer 35 a having a first portion and a second portion ( FIG. 3D ).
- the first portion of the patterned first conductive layer 35 a is formed into a shape generally corresponding to the location and to the pattern of the first such that the first adhesive layer 19 lays substantially within an area of the first portion ( FIG. 3C ).
- the first portion is formed by cutting the first dielectric layer 21 , the first conductive layer 35 and the second dielectric layer 23 with a die 20 a and an anvil 20 b , or a similar tool, without cutting the first substrate 13 .
- a second substrate 17 is stored on a third unwind roll 24 .
- the second substrate 17 is paper which has been calendared in a manner similar to the first substrate 13 .
- An adhesive is applied to a surface 17 a of the second substrate as the second substrate 17 is removed from the third unwind roll 24 .
- the adhesive forms a second adhesive layer 25 ( FIG. 3D ) on the surface 17 a of the second substrate 17 .
- the second adhesive layer 25 is applied to form a second predetermined pattern which generally corresponds to the shape and the location of the second portion of the patterned first conductive layer 35 a ( FIG. 3D ).
- the first and the second predetermined patterns are interlocking and non-overlapping patterns which minimize the wasting of foil in making the tags.
- the adhesive forming the second adhesive layer 25 is an aggressive, pressure sensitive adhesive such as a vinyl acetate monomer, which provides a high initial tack when cured by an air dryer 64 and which achieves a high bonding strength when subjected to pressure.
- an aggressive, pressure sensitive adhesive such as a vinyl acetate monomer
- Other types of aggressive adhesives such as heat seal adhesives and those which may be cured by ultra violet rays or electron beams may also be used.
- the adhesive is applied to the surface 17 a of the second substrate 17 by a printing station 26 and cured at station 64 . More preferably, the adhesive is applied to the second substrate 17 by flexographic printing.
- other methods for providing the adhesive layer 25 such as gravure printing, are within the spirit and scope of the invention.
- the second portion of the patterned first conductive layer 35 a is removed from the first conductive layer 35 to thereby establish a first conductive trace on the surface 13 a of the first substrate 13 .
- the second portion is removed by first laminating the second substrate 17 to the patterned first conductive foil 35 a on the first substrate 13 by laminating rolls 22 such that the second adhesive pattern engages the second portion of the patterned first conductive layer 35 a .
- the second portion is removed from the patterned first conductive foil 35 a by separating the second substrate 17 , including the second portion of the patterned first conductive layer 35 a , from the first substrate 13 by passing the laminated first substrate 13 and second substrate 17 through splitting rolls 68 and subsequently drawing the second substrate 17 onto a first rewind roll 28 and the first substrate 13 onto a second rewind roll 30 .
- a first conductive trace is established on the surface 13 a of the first surface 13 , and a first laminate is formed comprising the first substrate 13 , the first adhesive 19 , the first portion of the patterned first conductive layer 35 a and the dielectric layers 21 , 23 ( FIG. 3E ).
- the first laminate is stored on a second rewind roll 30 .
- a second conductive trace is established on the surface 17 a of the second substrate 17 and a second laminate is formed which comprises the second substrate 17 , the second adhesive layer 25 , the second portion of the first conductive layer 35 and the dielectric layers 21 , 23 ( FIG. 3F ).
- the second laminate is stored on the first rewind roll 28 simultaneously with storing the first laminate on the second rewind roll 30 .
- the first and the second conductive traces each comprise an inductor and a capacitor plate.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the first conductive foil 15 after it has been cut by the diecutter 20 a and the anvil 20 b to form the patterned first conductive layer 35 a .
- the die cut lines 15 a formed in the first conductive foil 15 separate the first conductive layer 35 into the first and second portions.
- the first and second portions form the first and the second conductive traces when the second portion is removed from the patterned first conductive layer 35 a .
- the first and the second conductive traces each comprise one or more planar spiral patterns (i.e. coils).
- the first and the second conductive traces each comprise a single coil and a single land, with the inductance of the coil formed from the first conductive trace being substantially equal to the inductance of the coil formed from the second conductive trace but coiled in the opposite direction.
- the first and second conductive traces are generally the same (except for the orientations of the spiral) and both can be used to form resonant frequency tags.
- the shape and the area of the land on the first conductive trace is preferably substantially equal to the area of the land of the second conductive trace.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the process of separating the second substrate 17 from the first substrate 13 .
- a process 10 b for making a third laminate and for securing the third laminate to one of the first and the second laminates to form the completed resonant tag is shown.
- a second conductive foil 27 ( FIG. 3G ) is stored on a fourth unwind roll 32 .
- the second conductive foil 27 is an aluminum alloy having a purity of about 98%, a thickness in the range of 8-50 microns and properties such as hardness and ductility suitable for diecutting.
- the second conductive foil 27 is used for making a second conductive layer 37 ( FIG. 3H ).
- a third dielectric layer 29 ( FIG.
- the dielectric is a heat seal dielectric material, such as polyethylene, or a vinyl acetate which readily bonds to aluminum.
- the third dielectric layer 29 is formed by a printing station 34 as the second foil 27 is drawn from the fourth unwind roll 32 ( FIG. 3H ). The heat seal dielectric is subsequently cured by an air dryer 67 .
- the second conductive foil 27 may be purchased with the dielectric pre-cast to the foil 27 .
- a third substrate 33 used as a carrier is stored on a fifth unwind roll 38 .
- the third substrate 33 is calendared paper, similar in properties to the paper used for the first and the second substrates 13 , 17 .
- an adhesive is flood coated on a first surface of the of the third substrate 33 by a third adhesive printing station 36 to form a third adhesive layer 31 , as the second conductive foil is drawn from the fourth unwind roll 32 ( FIG. 3I ).
- the adhesive is a removable pressure sensitive adhesive, cured by an air dryer 66 .
- the adhesive on the third adhesive layer 31 may be cured by other means such as for example, ultraviolet radiation or electron beam radiation.
- the third substrate 33 is laminated to a second side of the second conductive foil 27 by laminating rolls 40 ( FIG. 3J ). Following the lamination of the third substrate 33 to the second conductive foil 27 , the second conductive foil 27 is cut to form a patterned second conductive layer 37 a having a first portion in the shape of a third conductive trace.
- the second conductive foil 27 is cut with a diecutter 42 a and an anvil 42 b , which cuts the third dielectric layer 29 and the second conductive layer 37 without cutting the third substrate 33 .
- the shape and the size of the third conductive trace corresponds to one or more of the third capacitor plates formed in the patterned first conductive layer 35 a.
- a second portion of the patterned second conductive layer 37 a not corresponding to the first portion is removed from the third substrate 33 by drawing the laminated third substrate 33 through splitting rollers 70 . Subsequently, the second portion of the patterned second conductive layer 37 a is then drawn to a third rewind roll 44 as waste. Simultaneously, the third substrate 33 , including the first portion forming the third conductive trace is drawn to a fourth rewind roll 46 to form a third laminate.
- either the first conductive trace formed on the first laminate or the second conductive trace formed on the second laminate is secured to the third conductive trace with a dielectric layer therebetween to form a final laminate.
- either the first laminate or the second laminate is mounted on a sixth unwind roll 50 .
- the third laminate is mounted on a seventh unwind roll 48 .
- the first or second laminate mounted on the sixth unwind roll 50 and the third laminate mounted on the seventh unwind roll 48 are simultaneously drawn from the respective unwind rolls 48 , 50 .
- the first or the second laminate is secured to the third laminate such that the respective first or second conductive capacitor plate is overlying and generally aligned with the third capacitor plate to form the capacitor portion of a resonant frequency circuit ( FIGS. 3L and 3M ).
- the repeat length of the third conductive trace (third capacitor) matches the repeat length of the respective first or second conductive trace.
- the repeat length of the third conductive trace may be made smaller than the respective first or second conductive trace and aligned with the respective first or second capacitor plate by re-registration of the third laminate at each repeat length of the respective first or second conductive trace.
- the first or second laminate is secured to the third laminate by pressing and heating the laminates at pressing and heating station 52 .
- At least an area of the third substrate which is greater than the area of the third conductive trace is heated in order to activate and cure the heat seal dielectric previously applied to the surfaces of the first conductive foil 15 and the second conductive foil 27 .
- the third substrate 33 carrier and third adhesive layer 31 are stripped from the first or the second laminates by stripping rolls 72 and stored as waste on a fifth rewind 58 .
- the remaining first or second laminate forms a final laminate ( FIGS. 3N and 3O ).
- An electrical connection is then formed between the end of the first or second coil not connected to the respective first or second capacitor plate, and the third capacitor plate.
- the connection is made by a crimper 54 which crimps the sides of the final laminate together with pressure and/or heat so that a low resistance connection between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer is formed.
- the remaining final laminate is then subjected to heat and/or pressure in a portion of the area of the capacitor plates by a deactivation station 56 to create a weak spot in the dielectric to facilitate deactivation of the resonant tag.
- a deactivation station 56 to create a weak spot in the dielectric to facilitate deactivation of the resonant tag.
- a variety of techniques for creating a connection and a deactivation region are suitable for use with the present invention, and are considered to be within the spirit and scope of the invention.
- the final laminate is stored on the rewind roll 60 .
- the final laminate stored on rewind roll 60 is then further processed in a well known finishing process to form a pressure sensitive resonant frequency security tag (label).
- the finishing process includes coating the patterned second conductive layer 37 a with a pressure sensitive adhesive, laminating a silicone release liner against the pressure sensitive adhesive, printing and diecutting final laminate in registration with the conductive traces, removing waste, slitting the final laminate to form lanes of tags and rewinding the lanes onto individual rolls.
- the specific steps for processing of the final laminates into tags is well known to those skilled in the art and is not repeated here for the sake of brevity.
- the final laminate may be formed with only one dielectric and would still be considered within the spirit and scope of the invention.
- the final laminate could be formed by either (1) not coating the first conductive foil 15 with the first and second dielectric layers 21 , 23 and relying on the third dielectric layer 29 or (2) not coating the second conductive foil 27 with the third dielectric layer 29 and relying on the first and second dielectric layers 21 , 23 .
- a second preferred embodiment of a process 10 a ′ for making a resonant tag is identical to the first preferred embodiment except that only a first conductive trace on the first substrate 13 is formed on the second substrate 17 and not a second conductive trace.
- a first substrate 13 for the resonant tag is stored on a first unwind roll 12 ′.
- the first substrate 13 is paper which has been calendared in order to provide a densified sheet having a smooth finish and a uniform thickness.
- An adhesive is applied to a surface 13 a of the first substrate 13 as the first substrate 13 is removed from the unwind roll 12 ′ ( FIG. 3A ).
- the adhesive forms a first adhesive layer 19 in a first predetermined pattern on the surface 13 a of the substrate 13 .
- the adhesive forming the first adhesive layer 19 is an aggressive, pressure sensitive adhesive such as a vinyl acetate monomer, which provides a high initial tack when cured by an air dryer 62 ′ and which achieves a high bonding strength when subjected to pressure.
- Other types of aggressive adhesives such as heat seal adhesives and those which may be cured by ultra violet rays or electron beams may also be used.
- the adhesive is applied to the surface 13 a of the first substrate 13 by a printing station 14 ′. More preferably, the adhesive is applied to the surface 13 a by flexographic printing.
- other methods for providing the adhesive layer 19 such as gravure printing, are within the spirit and scope of the invention.
- a first conductive foil 15 is stored on a second unwind roll 16 ′.
- the first conductive foil 15 is a 98% pure aluminum alloy having a thickness in the range of 20-100 microns and preferably 30-70 microns, which has forming properties such as hardness and ductility suitable for diecutting.
- the first conductive foil 15 is removed from the unwind roll 16 ′ and is laminated to the surface 13 a of the first substrate 13 by laminating rolls 18 ′ to form a first conductive layer 35 ( FIG. 3B ).
- the first adhesive layer 19 acts as an agent for bonding the first conductive layer 35 to the first substrate 13 in a region corresponding to the first predetermined pattern.
- both sides of the first conductive foil 15 are flood coated with a dielectric to provide dielectric layers 21 , 23 having a thickness in the range of 1-25 microns and preferably 1-10 microns.
- the dielectric is a heat seal dielectric material, such as polyethylene which readily bonds to aluminum.
- other materials such as a styrene-acylate polymer or a vinyl acetate could also be used.
- the foil 15 is purchased with the dielectric layers 21 , 23 already applied.
- the dielectric layers 21 , 23 may be applied to the foil 15 by printing the dielectric on-line using a gravure knife over roll or a similar printing process.
- the first conductive layer 35 is patterned to form a patterned first conductor layer 35 a having a first portion and a second portion ( FIG. 3D ).
- the first portion of the patterned first conductive layer 35 a is formed into a shape generally corresponding to the location and to the pattern of the first adhesive layer 19 such that the first adhesive layer 19 lays substantially within an area of the first portion ( FIG. 3C ).
- the first portion is formed by cutting the first dielectric layer 21 , the first conductive layer 35 and the second dielectric layer 23 with a die 20 a ′ and an anvil 20 b ′, or a similar tool, without cutting the first substrate 13 .
- the second portion of the patterned first conductive layer 35 a is removed from the first conductive layer 35 to thereby establish a first conductive trace on the surface 13 a of the first substrate 13 .
- the second portion is removed from the patterned first conductive foil 35 a by separating the second portion of the patterned first conductive layer 35 a from the first substrate 13 by first passing the first substrate through the splitting rollers 74 and subsequently: (1) drawing the second portion of the first conductive layer 35 a onto a first rewind roll 28 ′ as waste and (2) the first substrate 13 , including the first portion, onto a second rewind roll 30 ′.
- a first conductive trace is established on the surface 13 a of the first substrate 13 and a first laminate is formed comprising the first substrate 13 , the first adhesive layer 19 , the first portion of the patterned first conductive layer 35 a and the dielectric layers 21 , 23 ( FIG. 3E ).
- the first laminate is stored on the second rewind roll 30 ′.
- the fabrication of the resonant tag is completed by mounting the first laminate onto the unwind roll 48 ( FIG. 2 ) and completing the process 10 b as described above.
- a third preferred embodiment of a process 10 c ( FIG. 7 ) for forming the resonant frequency circuit comprises the steps of: (1) securing a first conductive foil to a first surface of a first substrate to form a first conductive layer (step 102 ); (2) applying an acid resist to the foil and curing the resist by heat or by ultra-violet radiation (step 104 ); (3) etching the first conductive layer to form a first conductive trace where the first conductive trace includes one or more inductors and one or more first capacitor plates (step 106 ); (4) securing a second conductive foil to a second substrate to form a second conductive layer (step 108 ); (5) forming a second conductive trace on the second substrate by cutting the second conductive layer, where the second conductive trace includes one or more second capacitor plates (step 110 ); (6) removing a waste portion of the second conductive layer (step 112 ); (7) laminating the second conductive trace to the first conductive trace with a dielectric layer therebetween, and
- the third preferred embodiment differs from the first preferred embodiment and the second preferred embodiment by forming the first conductive trace by etching (rather than by cutting) the first conductive foil using a standard etching process well known to those skilled in the art. Etching the first conductive foil allows the first conductive trace to be formed with narrower line widths and closer spacing than can be achieved by diecutting. The ability to form the narrower line widths and closer spacing allows for the coils to be formed with more turns per unit area. Accordingly, the resonant frequency circuits may be made smaller in area than those made by diecutting the first conductive trace. Forming the first conductive trace according to the third preferred embodiment provides a capability for maximizing the ratio of the radiated signal amplitude of the resonant circuit to the area of the resonant circuit.
- the first substrate is a dielectric material such as polyethylene or polyester and the dielectric layer between the first and the second conductive traces is formed from the first substrate.
- the first conductive trace may be flood coated with a dielectric material to form the dielectric layer.
- an ink having dielectric properties may be used as the acid resist in the etching process to form the first conductive trace, and the resist may then be used to form the dielectric layer.
- the dielectric layer used with the first conductive trace formed by etching has a thickness in the range of about 1-10 microns and preferably in the range of 2-4 microns. As would be clear to those skilled in the art, many known options are available for forming a resonant frequency circuit by etching a foil, and are not described here for the sake of brevity.
- the present invention provides a method for making resonant tags which does not require etching for forming the resonant circuit. Further, the present invention reduces wastage by utilizing both the first and the second portions of the diecut foil, thus using substantially all of the conductive foil for making the tags.
Abstract
A tag and method of making it. The tag includes a first adhesive layer provided in a first predetermined pattern between a surface of a first substrate and a first conductive foil. The first pattern corresponds to a pattern for a first conductive trace, e.g., a portion of a resonant circuit. The first conductive foil is laminated, e.g., adhesively secured, to the surface of the first substrate to form a first conductive layer. A first portion of that layer is shaped, e.g., die-cut, to generally correspond to the first pattern. A second portion of the first conductive layer not corresponding to the first portion is removed, to establish the first conductive trace, with the adhesive layer confined within the boundaries of the first conductive trace. Another conductive trace is secured to the first conductive trace, with a dielectric therebetween, to form a resonant circuit.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/235,733, filed on Sep. 5, 2002 entitled “Security Tag and Process for Making Same”, which claims the benefit of Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/322,666, filed on Sep. 17, 2001, the subject matter of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- 1. Field of Invention
- The present invention relates to resonant tags and more particularly to a process for making resonant frequency circuits for use as resonant tags.
- 2. Description of Related Art
- Resonant tags are tags which include a passive electrically resonant frequency circuit which resonates at a predetermined frequency when stimulated by a radio frequency electromagnetic field at about the resonant frequency of the tag and which is incident upon the resonant tag. The resonant frequency circuit resonating within a region occupied by the electromagnetic field perturbs the electromagnetic field. The perturbation of the electromagnetic field is detectable by suitable equipment. Consequently, the presence of a resonant tag within a prescribed region may be detected.
- Typically, resonant tags are attached to goods sold at retail in order to deter theft. Resonant tags used for this purpose are capable of being removed from the goods or deactivated when a legitimate sale is consummated. Resonant tags which are not removed or deactivated at the point of sale may be detected by suitable detection apparatus, generally placed at points of exit from a retail establishment.
- Typically, a resonant tag comprises a generally flat thin laminate of a dielectric layer separating conductor layers. Typically, one of the conductor layers comprises a flat spiral conductor (coil) forming an inductance, and one plate of a capacitor connected to a proximal end of the coil. A second plate of the capacitor is formed on the second conductor layer. A through connection between the second plate and a distal end of the coil completes the resonant frequency circuit comprising the coil inductor and the capacitor.
- It is required that the inductive and capacitive elements of resonant tags be manufactured with precision in order that the resonant frequency of the tags be held within prescribed limits. A generally used method for making resonant tags employs etching a metallic foil to form the components of the conductive layers. This process, while yielding the necessary precision, results in excessive waste of the metallic foil.
- Accordingly, it would be desirable to have a process for making resonant tags which maximizes the yield of completed tags and minimizes waste material resulting from making the tags.
- Briefly stated, the present invention comprises a preferred method of making a resonant frequency circuit. The method includes the steps of: (1) forming a first adhesive layer in a first predetermined pattern on a surface of a first substrate; (2) laminating a first conductive foil to the surface of the first substrate to form a first conductive layer; (3) forming a first portion of the first conductive layer in a shape generally corresponding to the first predetermined pattern; and (4) removing a second portion of the first conductive layer not corresponding to the first portion to thereby establish a first conductive trace on the surface of the first substrate.
- The present invention also comprises an alternate method of making a resonant frequency circuit. The method includes the steps of: (1) securing a first conductive foil to a first surface of a first substrate to form a first conductive layer; (2) etching the first conductive layer to form a first conductive trace, the first conductive trace including at least one inductor and at least one first capacitor plate; (3) securing a second conductive foil to a second substrate to form a second conductive layer; (4) forming a second conductive trace on the second substrate by cutting the second conductive layer; (5) removing a waste portion of the second conductive layer, wherein the second conductive trace includes at least a second capacitor plate; and (6) laminating the second conductive trace to the first conductive trace with a dielectric layer therebetween, the at least one second capacitor plate overlying and generally aligned with the at least one first capacitor plate.
- The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there is shown in the drawings embodiments which are presently preferred. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.
-
FIG. 1 is schematic diagram of a process for making first and second laminates of a resonant tag according to a first preferred embodiment; -
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process for making a third laminate and securing the third laminate to either the first laminate or the second laminate; -
FIGS. 3A-3F are schematic cross-section diagrams of portions of the resonant tag as fabricated by the process shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIGS. 3G-3O are schematic cross-section diagrams of the resonant tag as fabricated by the process shown inFIG. 2 ; -
FIG. 4 is an illustration of a metallic foil diecut in accordance with the process shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 5 is an illustration of removing the second substrate from the first substrate to form the first and second laminates in accordance with the process shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a process for making a first laminate of a resonant tag according to a second preferred embodiment; and -
FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a process for making the resonant tag according to a third preferred embodiment. - Referring to the drawings, wherein like numerals are used to indicate like elements throughout the several figures, the use of the indefinite article “a” may indicate a quantity of one, or more than one, of an element, and the use of the article “or” indicates a Boolean “exclusive or” function there is shown in
FIGS. 1 and 3 A-3E aprocess 10 a for making a resonant tag according to a first preferred embodiment. - According to a first preferred embodiment, a
first substrate 13 for the resonant tag is stored on a firstunwind roll 12. Preferably, thefirst substrate 13 is paper which has been calendared in order to provide a densified sheet having a smooth finish and a uniform thickness. An adhesive is applied to asurface 13 a of thefirst substrate 13 as thefirst substrate 13 is removed from the unwind roll 12 (FIG. 3A ). The adhesive forms a firstadhesive layer 19 in a first predetermined pattern on thesurface 13 a of thesubstrate 13. Preferably, the adhesive forming the firstadhesive layer 19 is an aggressive, pressure sensitive adhesive such as a vinyl acetate monomer, which provides a high initial tack when cured by anair dryer 62 and which achieves a high bonding strength when subjected to pressure. Other types of aggressive adhesives such as heat seal adhesives and those which may be cured by ultra violet rays or electron beams may also be used. Preferably, the adhesive is applied to thesurface 13 a of thefirst substrate 13 by aprinting station 14. More preferably, the adhesive is applied to thesurface 13 a by flexographic printing. However, other methods for providing theadhesive layer 19 in the first pattern, such as gravure printing, letter pressing etc. are within the spirit and scope of the invention. - A first
conductive foil 15, is stored on a secondunwind roll 16. Preferably, the firstconductive foil 15 is an aluminum alloy having a purity of about 98%, a thickness in the range of 20-100 microns and preferably 30-70 microns, and forming properties such as hardness and ductility suitable for diecutting. The firstconductive foil 15 is removed from theunwind roll 16 and is laminated to thesurface 13 a of thefirst substrate 13 by laminatingrolls 18 to form a first conductive layer 35 (FIG. 3B ). The firstadhesive layer 19 acts as an agent for bonding the firstconductive layer 35 to thefirst substrate 13 in a region corresponding to the first predetermined pattern. - Prior to being laminated to the
first substrate 13, both sides of the firstconductive foil 15 are flood coated with a dielectric to providedielectric layers foil 15 is purchased with thedielectric layers dielectric layers foil 15 by printing the dielectric on-line using a gravure knife over roll or a similar printing process. - The first
conductive layer 35 is patterned to form a patternedfirst conductor layer 35 a having a first portion and a second portion (FIG. 3D ). Preferably, the first portion of the patterned firstconductive layer 35 a is formed into a shape generally corresponding to the location and to the pattern of the first such that the firstadhesive layer 19 lays substantially within an area of the first portion (FIG. 3C ). Preferably, the first portion is formed by cutting thefirst dielectric layer 21, the firstconductive layer 35 and thesecond dielectric layer 23 with a die 20 a and ananvil 20 b, or a similar tool, without cutting thefirst substrate 13. - A
second substrate 17 is stored on a third unwindroll 24. Preferably, thesecond substrate 17 is paper which has been calendared in a manner similar to thefirst substrate 13. An adhesive is applied to asurface 17 a of the second substrate as thesecond substrate 17 is removed from the third unwindroll 24. The adhesive forms a second adhesive layer 25 (FIG. 3D ) on thesurface 17 a of thesecond substrate 17. The secondadhesive layer 25 is applied to form a second predetermined pattern which generally corresponds to the shape and the location of the second portion of the patterned firstconductive layer 35 a (FIG. 3D ). In the first preferred embodiment, the first and the second predetermined patterns are interlocking and non-overlapping patterns which minimize the wasting of foil in making the tags. Preferably, the adhesive forming the secondadhesive layer 25 is an aggressive, pressure sensitive adhesive such as a vinyl acetate monomer, which provides a high initial tack when cured by anair dryer 64 and which achieves a high bonding strength when subjected to pressure. Other types of aggressive adhesives such as heat seal adhesives and those which may be cured by ultra violet rays or electron beams may also be used. Preferably, the adhesive is applied to thesurface 17 a of thesecond substrate 17 by aprinting station 26 and cured atstation 64. More preferably, the adhesive is applied to thesecond substrate 17 by flexographic printing. However, other methods for providing theadhesive layer 25, such as gravure printing, are within the spirit and scope of the invention. - The second portion of the patterned first
conductive layer 35 a is removed from the firstconductive layer 35 to thereby establish a first conductive trace on thesurface 13 a of thefirst substrate 13. Preferably, the second portion is removed by first laminating thesecond substrate 17 to the patterned firstconductive foil 35 a on thefirst substrate 13 by laminating rolls 22 such that the second adhesive pattern engages the second portion of the patterned firstconductive layer 35 a. After thefirst substrate 13 and thesecond substrate 17 are laminated together, the second portion is removed from the patterned firstconductive foil 35 a by separating thesecond substrate 17, including the second portion of the patterned firstconductive layer 35 a, from thefirst substrate 13 by passing the laminatedfirst substrate 13 andsecond substrate 17 through splitting rolls 68 and subsequently drawing thesecond substrate 17 onto afirst rewind roll 28 and thefirst substrate 13 onto asecond rewind roll 30. As a result of removing thesecond substrate 17 from thefirst substrate 13, a first conductive trace is established on thesurface 13 a of thefirst surface 13, and a first laminate is formed comprising thefirst substrate 13, thefirst adhesive 19, the first portion of the patterned firstconductive layer 35 a and thedielectric layers 21, 23 (FIG. 3E ). The first laminate is stored on asecond rewind roll 30. - Preferably, as a result of removing the
second substrate 17 from thefirst substrate 13 including the second portion of the patterned firstconductive layer 35 a, a second conductive trace is established on thesurface 17 a of thesecond substrate 17 and a second laminate is formed which comprises thesecond substrate 17, the secondadhesive layer 25, the second portion of the firstconductive layer 35 and thedielectric layers 21, 23 (FIG. 3F ). The second laminate is stored on thefirst rewind roll 28 simultaneously with storing the first laminate on thesecond rewind roll 30. - Preferably, the first and the second conductive traces each comprise an inductor and a capacitor plate.
FIG. 4 illustrates the firstconductive foil 15 after it has been cut by the diecutter 20 a and theanvil 20 b to form the patterned firstconductive layer 35 a. As will be appreciated by examiningFIG. 4 , the die cutlines 15 a formed in the firstconductive foil 15 separate the firstconductive layer 35 into the first and second portions. The first and second portions form the first and the second conductive traces when the second portion is removed from the patterned firstconductive layer 35 a. The first and the second conductive traces each comprise one or more planar spiral patterns (i.e. coils). each functioning as an inductor, and one or more lands, each of which functions as a first plate of a capacitor. Preferably, the first and the second conductive traces each comprise a single coil and a single land, with the inductance of the coil formed from the first conductive trace being substantially equal to the inductance of the coil formed from the second conductive trace but coiled in the opposite direction. Thus the first and second conductive traces are generally the same (except for the orientations of the spiral) and both can be used to form resonant frequency tags. Also, the shape and the area of the land on the first conductive trace is preferably substantially equal to the area of the land of the second conductive trace. -
FIG. 5 illustrates the process of separating thesecond substrate 17 from thefirst substrate 13. - Referring now to
FIG. 2 andFIGS. 3G-3O , there is shown aprocess 10 b for making a third laminate and for securing the third laminate to one of the first and the second laminates to form the completed resonant tag. A second conductive foil 27 (FIG. 3G ) is stored on a fourth unwindroll 32. Preferably, the secondconductive foil 27 is an aluminum alloy having a purity of about 98%, a thickness in the range of 8-50 microns and properties such as hardness and ductility suitable for diecutting. The secondconductive foil 27 is used for making a second conductive layer 37 (FIG. 3H ). A third dielectric layer 29 (FIG. 3H ) having a thickness in the range of 1-25 microns, and preferably 1-10 microns, is formed on a first surface of the second conductive layer 37 by flood coating the first surface of the secondconductive foil 27 with a dielectric material. Preferably, the dielectric is a heat seal dielectric material, such as polyethylene, or a vinyl acetate which readily bonds to aluminum. In the first preferred embodiment, thethird dielectric layer 29 is formed by aprinting station 34 as thesecond foil 27 is drawn from the fourth unwind roll 32 (FIG. 3H ). The heat seal dielectric is subsequently cured by anair dryer 67. Alternatively, the secondconductive foil 27 may be purchased with the dielectric pre-cast to thefoil 27. - A
third substrate 33 used as a carrier is stored on a fifth unwindroll 38. Preferably, thethird substrate 33 is calendared paper, similar in properties to the paper used for the first and thesecond substrates third substrate 33 by a thirdadhesive printing station 36 to form a thirdadhesive layer 31, as the second conductive foil is drawn from the fourth unwind roll 32 (FIG. 3I ). Preferably, the adhesive is a removable pressure sensitive adhesive, cured by anair dryer 66. Alternatively, the adhesive on the thirdadhesive layer 31 may be cured by other means such as for example, ultraviolet radiation or electron beam radiation. Thethird substrate 33 is laminated to a second side of the secondconductive foil 27 by laminating rolls 40 (FIG. 3J ). Following the lamination of thethird substrate 33 to the secondconductive foil 27, the secondconductive foil 27 is cut to form a patterned secondconductive layer 37 a having a first portion in the shape of a third conductive trace. Preferably the secondconductive foil 27 is cut with a diecutter 42 a and ananvil 42 b, which cuts thethird dielectric layer 29 and the second conductive layer 37 without cutting thethird substrate 33. Preferably, the shape and the size of the third conductive trace corresponds to one or more of the third capacitor plates formed in the patterned firstconductive layer 35 a. - Following the cutting of the second conductive layer 37 (
FIG. 3K ), a second portion of the patterned secondconductive layer 37 a not corresponding to the first portion is removed from thethird substrate 33 by drawing the laminatedthird substrate 33 through splittingrollers 70. Subsequently, the second portion of the patterned secondconductive layer 37 a is then drawn to athird rewind roll 44 as waste. Simultaneously, thethird substrate 33, including the first portion forming the third conductive trace is drawn to afourth rewind roll 46 to form a third laminate. - In order to complete the fabrication of the resonant tag, either the first conductive trace formed on the first laminate or the second conductive trace formed on the second laminate is secured to the third conductive trace with a dielectric layer therebetween to form a final laminate. In the first preferred embodiment, either the first laminate or the second laminate is mounted on a sixth unwind
roll 50. The third laminate is mounted on a seventh unwindroll 48. The first or second laminate mounted on the sixth unwindroll 50 and the third laminate mounted on the seventh unwindroll 48 are simultaneously drawn from the respective unwind rolls 48, 50. The first or the second laminate is secured to the third laminate such that the respective first or second conductive capacitor plate is overlying and generally aligned with the third capacitor plate to form the capacitor portion of a resonant frequency circuit (FIGS. 3L and 3M ). Preferably, the repeat length of the third conductive trace (third capacitor) matches the repeat length of the respective first or second conductive trace. Alternatively, the repeat length of the third conductive trace may be made smaller than the respective first or second conductive trace and aligned with the respective first or second capacitor plate by re-registration of the third laminate at each repeat length of the respective first or second conductive trace. - The first or second laminate is secured to the third laminate by pressing and heating the laminates at pressing and
heating station 52. At least an area of the third substrate which is greater than the area of the third conductive trace is heated in order to activate and cure the heat seal dielectric previously applied to the surfaces of the firstconductive foil 15 and the secondconductive foil 27. - Following the securing of the first or second laminates to the third laminate, the
third substrate 33 carrier and thirdadhesive layer 31, (i.e. the removable adhesive), are stripped from the first or the second laminates by strippingrolls 72 and stored as waste on afifth rewind 58. The remaining first or second laminate forms a final laminate (FIGS. 3N and 3O ). An electrical connection is then formed between the end of the first or second coil not connected to the respective first or second capacitor plate, and the third capacitor plate. Preferably, the connection is made by acrimper 54 which crimps the sides of the final laminate together with pressure and/or heat so that a low resistance connection between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer is formed. The remaining final laminate is then subjected to heat and/or pressure in a portion of the area of the capacitor plates by adeactivation station 56 to create a weak spot in the dielectric to facilitate deactivation of the resonant tag. As would be understood by those skilled in the art, a variety of techniques for creating a connection and a deactivation region are suitable for use with the present invention, and are considered to be within the spirit and scope of the invention. Following the forming of the connection and of the deactivation areas, the final laminate is stored on therewind roll 60. - The final laminate stored on
rewind roll 60 is then further processed in a well known finishing process to form a pressure sensitive resonant frequency security tag (label). In preparing the final laminate for a typical application, the finishing process includes coating the patterned secondconductive layer 37 a with a pressure sensitive adhesive, laminating a silicone release liner against the pressure sensitive adhesive, printing and diecutting final laminate in registration with the conductive traces, removing waste, slitting the final laminate to form lanes of tags and rewinding the lanes onto individual rolls. The specific steps for processing of the final laminates into tags is well known to those skilled in the art and is not repeated here for the sake of brevity. - As would be clear to those skilled in the art, it is not necessary to form the final laminate with two layers of dielectric (29 and 21 or 23) between the
conductive layers 35, 37. The final laminate may be formed with only one dielectric and would still be considered within the spirit and scope of the invention. The final laminate could be formed by either (1) not coating the firstconductive foil 15 with the first and second dielectric layers 21, 23 and relying on thethird dielectric layer 29 or (2) not coating the secondconductive foil 27 with thethird dielectric layer 29 and relying on the first and second dielectric layers 21, 23. - Referring now to
FIG. 6 , there is shown a second preferred embodiment of aprocess 10 a′ for making a resonant tag. The second preferred embodiment is identical to the first preferred embodiment except that only a first conductive trace on thefirst substrate 13 is formed on thesecond substrate 17 and not a second conductive trace. According to the second preferred embodiment, afirst substrate 13 for the resonant tag is stored on a first unwindroll 12′. Preferably, thefirst substrate 13 is paper which has been calendared in order to provide a densified sheet having a smooth finish and a uniform thickness. An adhesive is applied to asurface 13 a of thefirst substrate 13 as thefirst substrate 13 is removed from the unwind roll 12′ (FIG. 3A ). The adhesive forms a firstadhesive layer 19 in a first predetermined pattern on thesurface 13 a of thesubstrate 13. Preferably, the adhesive forming the firstadhesive layer 19 is an aggressive, pressure sensitive adhesive such as a vinyl acetate monomer, which provides a high initial tack when cured by anair dryer 62′ and which achieves a high bonding strength when subjected to pressure. Other types of aggressive adhesives such as heat seal adhesives and those which may be cured by ultra violet rays or electron beams may also be used. Preferably, the adhesive is applied to thesurface 13 a of thefirst substrate 13 by aprinting station 14′. More preferably, the adhesive is applied to thesurface 13 a by flexographic printing. However, other methods for providing theadhesive layer 19, such as gravure printing, are within the spirit and scope of the invention. - A first
conductive foil 15 is stored on a second unwindroll 16′. Preferably, the firstconductive foil 15 is a 98% pure aluminum alloy having a thickness in the range of 20-100 microns and preferably 30-70 microns, which has forming properties such as hardness and ductility suitable for diecutting. The firstconductive foil 15 is removed from the unwind roll 16′ and is laminated to thesurface 13 a of thefirst substrate 13 by laminating rolls 18′ to form a first conductive layer 35 (FIG. 3B ). The firstadhesive layer 19 acts as an agent for bonding the firstconductive layer 35 to thefirst substrate 13 in a region corresponding to the first predetermined pattern. - Prior to being laminated to the
first substrate 13, both sides of the firstconductive foil 15 are flood coated with a dielectric to providedielectric layers foil 15 is purchased with thedielectric layers dielectric layers foil 15 by printing the dielectric on-line using a gravure knife over roll or a similar printing process. - The first
conductive layer 35 is patterned to form a patternedfirst conductor layer 35 a having a first portion and a second portion (FIG. 3D ). Preferably, the first portion of the patterned firstconductive layer 35 a is formed into a shape generally corresponding to the location and to the pattern of the firstadhesive layer 19 such that the firstadhesive layer 19 lays substantially within an area of the first portion (FIG. 3C ). Preferably, the first portion is formed by cutting thefirst dielectric layer 21, the firstconductive layer 35 and thesecond dielectric layer 23 with a die 20 a′ and ananvil 20 b′, or a similar tool, without cutting thefirst substrate 13. - The second portion of the patterned first
conductive layer 35 a is removed from the firstconductive layer 35 to thereby establish a first conductive trace on thesurface 13 a of thefirst substrate 13. Preferably, the second portion is removed from the patterned firstconductive foil 35 a by separating the second portion of the patterned firstconductive layer 35 a from thefirst substrate 13 by first passing the first substrate through the splittingrollers 74 and subsequently: (1) drawing the second portion of the firstconductive layer 35 a onto afirst rewind roll 28′ as waste and (2) thefirst substrate 13, including the first portion, onto asecond rewind roll 30′. As a result of removing the second portion from thefirst substrate 13, a first conductive trace is established on thesurface 13 a of thefirst substrate 13 and a first laminate is formed comprising thefirst substrate 13, the firstadhesive layer 19, the first portion of the patterned firstconductive layer 35 a and thedielectric layers 21, 23 (FIG. 3E ). The first laminate is stored on thesecond rewind roll 30′. The fabrication of the resonant tag is completed by mounting the first laminate onto the unwind roll 48 (FIG. 2 ) and completing theprocess 10 b as described above. - A third preferred embodiment of a process 10 c (
FIG. 7 ) for forming the resonant frequency circuit comprises the steps of: (1) securing a first conductive foil to a first surface of a first substrate to form a first conductive layer (step 102); (2) applying an acid resist to the foil and curing the resist by heat or by ultra-violet radiation (step 104); (3) etching the first conductive layer to form a first conductive trace where the first conductive trace includes one or more inductors and one or more first capacitor plates (step 106); (4) securing a second conductive foil to a second substrate to form a second conductive layer (step 108); (5) forming a second conductive trace on the second substrate by cutting the second conductive layer, where the second conductive trace includes one or more second capacitor plates (step 110); (6) removing a waste portion of the second conductive layer (step 112); (7) laminating the second conductive trace to the first conductive trace with a dielectric layer therebetween, and with each second capacitor plate overlying and generally aligned with a respective first capacitor plate (step 114); crimping the laminate and forming the deactivation area in the laminate (step 116); and finishing the laminate to form a resonant frequency tag as previously described (step 118). - The third preferred embodiment differs from the first preferred embodiment and the second preferred embodiment by forming the first conductive trace by etching (rather than by cutting) the first conductive foil using a standard etching process well known to those skilled in the art. Etching the first conductive foil allows the first conductive trace to be formed with narrower line widths and closer spacing than can be achieved by diecutting. The ability to form the narrower line widths and closer spacing allows for the coils to be formed with more turns per unit area. Accordingly, the resonant frequency circuits may be made smaller in area than those made by diecutting the first conductive trace. Forming the first conductive trace according to the third preferred embodiment provides a capability for maximizing the ratio of the radiated signal amplitude of the resonant circuit to the area of the resonant circuit.
- Preferably, the first substrate is a dielectric material such as polyethylene or polyester and the dielectric layer between the first and the second conductive traces is formed from the first substrate. Alternatively, the first conductive trace may be flood coated with a dielectric material to form the dielectric layer. Then again, an ink having dielectric properties may be used as the acid resist in the etching process to form the first conductive trace, and the resist may then be used to form the dielectric layer. The dielectric layer used with the first conductive trace formed by etching has a thickness in the range of about 1-10 microns and preferably in the range of 2-4 microns. As would be clear to those skilled in the art, many known options are available for forming a resonant frequency circuit by etching a foil, and are not described here for the sake of brevity.
- As will be apparent to one skilled in the art, the present invention provides a method for making resonant tags which does not require etching for forming the resonant circuit. Further, the present invention reduces wastage by utilizing both the first and the second portions of the diecut foil, thus using substantially all of the conductive foil for making the tags.
- It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the embodiments described above without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. For instance, although the method for making the security tags is described as using continuous webs for forming the tags, the method also applies to forming the tags from sheets by using sheet feeders and sheet handling equipment. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but it is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (27)
1. A method of fabricating a tag for reflecting electromagnetic energy for the purpose of indicating the presence of said tag, said tag comprising a substrate having a surface, said method comprising:
a. applying a first patterned adhesive to said surface of said substrate;
b. applying a first electrically conductive foil to said first patterned adhesive to adhere said first electrically conductive foil thereto;
c. removing a portion of said first electrically conductive foil not adhered to said first patterned adhesive;
d. applying a second adhesive layer to a portion of a surface area of said tag, said surface area comprising said surface and said first electrically conductive foil;
e. applying a preformed second electrically conductive foil to said second adhesive layer to adhere said second electrically conductive foil to said surface area; and
f. electrically coupling portions of said first and second electrically conductive foils to each other to form a tag circuit.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second adhesive layer comprises a heat sealable dielectric.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said second adhesive layer is disposed between said first and second electrically conductive foils.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said adhesive layer is disposed on said second preformed electrically conductive foil and applied to said surface of said substrate simultaneously with said second preformed electrically conductive foil.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein one of said first and second electrically conductive foils forms a portion of an inductor and a plate of a capacitor and the other of said first and second electrically conductive foils forms another plate of said capacitor.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said tag circuit comprises an antenna.
7. The method of claim 1 , comprising the further step of removing said portion of said first electrically conductive foil by die cutting.
8. The method of claim 1 , comprising the further step of dimpling said tag to provide a preferred deactivation point where said first and second electrically conductive foils are disposed relatively closer to each other.
9. A tag arranged to reflect electromagnetic energy for the purpose of indicating the presence of said tag, said tag comprising a substrate having a surface, comprising:
a. a preformed first patterned adhesive disposed over said surface of said substrate;
b. a first layer of electrically conductive material having a shape corresponding to a desired final pattern for a first electrically conductive trace secured to said surface of said substrate by said preformed first patterned adhesive wherein said preformed first patterned adhesive corresponds to said desired final pattern;
c. a second adhesive layer disposed over a portion of a surface area of said tag, said surface area comprising said surface and said first electrically conductive trace;
d. a second electrically conductive trace disposed over said second adhesive layer to adhere said second electrically conductive trace thereto; and
e. an electrical connection for electrically coupling portions of said first and second electrically conductive traces to form a tag circuit.
10. The tag of claim 9 , wherein at least one of said first and second electrically conductive traces comprises an inductive element and wherein one of said first and second electrically conductive traces comprises a first plate of a capacitive element.
11. The tag of claim 10 , wherein the other of said first and second electrically conductive traces comprises a second plate of said capacitive element.
12. The tag of claim 11 , wherein said tag circuit comprises an LC resonant circuit.
13. The tag of claim 9 , wherein said preformed first patterned adhesive is a printed layer.
14. The tag of claim 13 , wherein said printed layer is a flexographic printed layer.
15. The tag of claim 9 , wherein said first electrically conductive trace is formed from a first sheet of conductive material applied to said preformed first patterned adhesive.
16. The tag of claim 1 , wherein at least one of said first and second electrically conductive traces comprises a coating of dielectric material thereon.
17. The tag of claim 16 , wherein said coating of dielectric material comprises a flood coated dielectric layer.
18. The tag of claim 16 , wherein at least a portion of said coating of dielectric material is disposed between said first and said second electrically conductive traces to form a capacitive element.
19. The tag of claim 9 , wherein said substrate comprises a non-polymeric material.
20. The tag of claim 9 , wherein said substrate comprises paper.
21. A tag arranged to reflect electromagnetic energy for the purpose of indicating the presence of said tag, said tag comprising a substrate having a surface, comprising:
a. a first patterned adhesive disposed over said surface of said substrate, said first patterned adhesive having a shape corresponding to a desired final pattern for a first electrically conductive trace;
b. said first electrically conductive trace disposed over said first patterned adhesive to adhere to said first electrically conductive trace thereto;
c. a second adhesive layer disposed over a portion of a surface area of said tag, said surface area comprising said surface and said first electrically conductive trace;
d. a second electrically conductive trace disposed over said second adhesive layer to indirectly adhere said second electrically conductive trace to said first electrically conductive trace; and
e. an electrical connection for electrically coupling portions of said first and second electrically conductive traces to form a tag circuit.
22. The tag of claim 21 , wherein at least one of said first and second electrically conductive traces comprises an inductive element and wherein one of said first and second electrically conductive traces comprises a first plate of a capacitive element.
23. The tag of claim 22 , wherein the other of said first and second electrically conductive traces comprises a second plate of said capacitive element.
24. The tag of claim 23 , wherein said tag circuit comprises an LC resonant circuit.
25. The tag of claim 21 , wherein said first patterned adhesive is a printed layer.
26. The tag of claim 25 , wherein said printed layer is a flexographic printed layer.
27. The tag of claim 21 , wherein said first electrically conductive trace is formed from a first sheet of conductive material applied to said first patterned adhesive.
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US11/285,255 US20060071083A1 (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2005-11-22 | Security tag and process for making same |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050183817A1 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2005-08-25 | Eric Eckstein | Security tag system for fabricating a tag including an integrated surface processing system |
US20070012775A1 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2007-01-18 | Checkpoint Systems, Inc. | Method of fabricating a security tag in an integrated surface processing system |
US20100259393A1 (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2010-10-14 | Marur Sudhakar R | Encapsulated rfid tags and methods of making same |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20050183817A1 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2005-08-25 | Eric Eckstein | Security tag system for fabricating a tag including an integrated surface processing system |
US20060175003A1 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2006-08-10 | Eric Eckstein | Security tag and system for fabricating a tag including an integrated surface processing system |
US20070012775A1 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2007-01-18 | Checkpoint Systems, Inc. | Method of fabricating a security tag in an integrated surface processing system |
US7368033B2 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2008-05-06 | Checkpoint Systems, Inc. | Security tag and system for fabricating a tag including an integrated surface processing system |
US7384496B2 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2008-06-10 | Checkpoint Systems, Inc. | Security tag system for fabricating a tag including an integrated surface processing system |
US7704346B2 (en) | 2004-02-23 | 2010-04-27 | Checkpoint Systems, Inc. | Method of fabricating a security tag in an integrated surface processing system |
US20100259393A1 (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2010-10-14 | Marur Sudhakar R | Encapsulated rfid tags and methods of making same |
US8325047B2 (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2012-12-04 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Encapsulated RFID tags and methods of making same |
US8643492B2 (en) | 2009-04-08 | 2014-02-04 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Encapsulated RFID tags and methods of making same |
US8940120B2 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2015-01-27 | Dic Corporation | Electronic part manufacturing method and electronic part manufactured by the method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6988666B2 (en) | 2006-01-24 |
CN1310747C (en) | 2007-04-18 |
EP1427585A1 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
MXPA04002482A (en) | 2004-05-31 |
WO2003024708A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
EP1427585A4 (en) | 2007-08-01 |
KR20040041618A (en) | 2004-05-17 |
IL160370A0 (en) | 2004-07-25 |
TW586079B (en) | 2004-05-01 |
BR0212533A (en) | 2004-10-19 |
AU2002326876B2 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
US20030051806A1 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
AR036521A1 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
CA2460565A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
CN1555309A (en) | 2004-12-15 |
JP2005503033A (en) | 2005-01-27 |
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Legal Events
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CHECKPOINT SYSTEMS, INC., NEW JERSEY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:APPALUCCI, LAWRENCE;COTE, ANDRE;PEREZ, DAVID LOPEZ;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:016962/0437;SIGNING DATES FROM 20020826 TO 20020829 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO PAY ISSUE FEE |