US20050214188A1 - Complex shaped fiber for particle and molecular filtration - Google Patents
Complex shaped fiber for particle and molecular filtration Download PDFInfo
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- US20050214188A1 US20050214188A1 US10/923,103 US92310304A US2005214188A1 US 20050214188 A1 US20050214188 A1 US 20050214188A1 US 92310304 A US92310304 A US 92310304A US 2005214188 A1 US2005214188 A1 US 2005214188A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
- B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2055—Carbonaceous material
- B01D39/2058—Carbonaceous material the material being particulate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/58—Ammonia
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28028—Particles immobilised within fibres or filaments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
- B01J20/28038—Membranes or mats made from fibers or filaments
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
- B01D2239/0407—Additives and treatments of the filtering material comprising particulate additives, e.g. adsorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
- B01D2239/0464—Impregnants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
- B01D2239/0471—Surface coating material
- B01D2239/0492—Surface coating material on fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
- B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/50—Inorganic acids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/70—Organic acids
Definitions
- a fiber mat 100 impregnated with liquid acid reagents 12 is particularly effective in specifically absorbing base contaminants, such as ammonium, NH 3 , and amines (for example, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)) from a passing fluid stream.
- base contaminants such as ammonium, NH 3 , and amines (for example, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)) from a passing fluid stream.
- An airstream with contaminants, for example, ammonium ions passes through fiber mat 100 .
- the ammonium ion chemically reacts (in a reaction well known in the art) with and is adsorbed by acid reagent 12 to form a salt.
- Acid reagent 12 exchanges hydrogen atoms with the ammonium ions, forming water as a byproduct and leaving the ammonium ion to react with and attach to acid reagent 12 .
- Reagent 12 irreversibly retains the ammonium ions within the slots 10 of multilobal fiber 2 .
- the combination of multilobal fibers 2 impregnated with a liquid acid reagent 12 gives unexpected, ultra-high efficient results in filtering out base contaminants.
- the effectiveness of fiber mat 100 utilizing multilobal fibers 2 impregnated with acid reagent 12 can be seen in FIG. 4 when compared to two conventionally available acid-impregnated commercial filters. All three filters were subjected to a continuous 90 parts-per-million (ppm) exposure of a gas contaminated with ammonium diluted in air. The air was conditioned to 50% relative humidity and 23° C.; the air was blown through the filters at a velocity of 150 ft/min giving an equivalent pressure drop for all three filters. The basic gas concentration was measured continuously downstream of each filter and the breakthrough percentage of the contaminants were plotted over time. The breakthrough percentage is the amount of contaminants remaining in the air downstream of the filter relative to the amount of contaminants initially in the air upstream of the filter.
- curve A represents multilobal fiber 2 impregnated with acid reagent 12 .
- Curves B and C represent the results of other commercially available filters.
- the results of curve A show significant retention of contaminants from the acid-impregnated multilobal filter 2 over either curve B or C showing the effectiveness and longer life of the acid-reagent 12 used in conjunction with multilobal fiber 2 :
- the retention time of fiber mat 100 is nearly three times as long as the retention time shown in curve B (120 minutes at about 0% breakthrough versus 40 minutes at about 4% breakthrough for curve B).
- Fiber mat 100 utilizing acid reagent 12 in multilobal fiber 2 can be used in a variety of applications, e.g., pleating or layering multilobal fiber 2 to form fiber mat 100 .
- Fiber mat 100 can be used, in one embodiment, as a filtering element in a filtering chamber 102 as shown in FIG. 5 .
- Chamber 102 consists of a housing 18 , which can be designed from a conventional metal, e.g., aluminum, to accommodate handling and field installation.
- the pleated or layered fiber mat 100 is attached to housing 18 , preferably by an adhesive or a low outgassing glue.
- housing 18 also has an inlet 14 and an outlet 16 to allow an airstream 20 to pass through filtering chamber 102 while being filtered through fiber mat 100 .
- Chamber 102 can be used to provide particle and chemical filtration for ammoniums, amines, and particles for chemical clean room environments.
Abstract
An ultra-efficient multilobal cross-sectioned fiber filter for chemical contaminant filtering applications is described. An absorptive chemically reactive reagent, preferably an acid or base and in liquid or an adsorptive chemically reactive reagent (an acid or base) in solid form, is disposed within longitudinal slots in each length of fiber. The reagent may be used alone or in conjunction with solid adsorptive particles which may also be utilized with the reagents in the longitudinal slots within the fibers. Reagents within the fibers remain exposed to a base-contaminated airstream passing through the filter. Base contaminants in the airstream, chemicals such as ammonium and amines (as well as particles), react with the acid reagent within the longitudinal slots of the fibers. As the contaminant and reagent react, the ammonium or amine becomes irreversibly absorbed (or adsorbed if reagent is a solid acid) to the liquid acid reagent and multilobal fiber.
Description
- This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 10/652,230, filed Aug. 28, 2003, which claims priority to application Ser. No. 09/834,581, filed Apr. 12, 2001 (U.S. Pat. No. 6,623,715), both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- This invention relates to a filter system and specifically to a system utilizing solid and liquid reagents.
- 2. Description of Related Art
- It is conventionally known to use activated charcoal and other materials as adsorptive elements to remove impurities from an airstream. With the advent of effective fiber cross sections, it is possible to produce fibers which are partially hollow. A particularly effective cross section is one having three T-shaped lobes extending from a central core, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,057,368, which is incorporated herein by reference. Conventional filters have used filtering media coated with solid or liquid materials in a variety of applications; however, many of these applications have relied on absorption, rather than adsorption. Adsorption occurs where particles to be removed attach to the surface of the filter material elements; whereas, absorption occurs where molecular motion mobility is harnessed to move unwanted particles from one zone to another in a non-mechanical manner. The multilobal fiber has been particularly effective as a wicking fiber where certain contaminant-removing liquids or solids are filled in cavities formed within the fiber.
- The multilobal fiber filled with solid filtering particles have been used in adsorptive air filtration and odor-removing applications. Such filtering particles have included the use of carbon particles, zeolites, baking soda, cyclodextrins, and solids which could adsorb certain contaminants (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,759,394, which is incorporated herein by reference). Other applications utilizing multilobal-type fibers as wicking fibers also have involved absorptive properties of certain liquids which are filled within the cavities of the fibers. These liquids were typically chosen to lightly absorb odor and gas molecules in a reversible manner from a contaminated airstream to aid in the eventual dispersion of these molecules into a second airstream (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,891,221 and 5,704,966, which are incorporated herein by reference).
- Maintaining environments free of contaminants is particularly critical in the manufacturing of integrated circuits because wafers are very susceptible to small particles and low levels of certain chemicals. This can be done by manufacturing wafers inside cleanroom's with filtered air. The filters are used to reduce particle and chemical levels to extremely low levels (less than 1 part-per-billion). Semiconductor tools are also sometimes equipped with environmental controls that provide local ultra clean airflow during processing. However, conventional chemical filters have a very short life span, require frequent replacement, and are ineffective at efficiently filtering out certain chemicals.
- In accordance with the invention, an ultra-high efficient multilobal fiber filter is described with long life use for chemical contaminant filtering applications. The unexpected ultra efficiency of the fiber filter reduces contaminants to low levels in the parts-per-billion. A reactive reagent, preferably an acid or base and in either liquid or solid form, is disposed within longitudinal slots in each length of fiber. The reagent may be reactive with base contaminants by any known mechanism, such as an acid-base reaction to form ionic bonds, an oxidation-reduction reaction, and various other organic and inorganic reaction mechanisms as known in the art to form covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, coordination compounds, or complex compounds. The reagent may be used alone or in conjunction with solid adsorptive particles which may also be utilized with the reagents in the longitudinal slots within the fibers. The fibers are formed into a single layered, in one embodiment, or a multi-layered fiber mat, in another embodiment, but the reagents remain exposed to the flow of a contaminated airstream passing through the filter. The contaminants in a fluid stream react within the longitudinal slots of the fibers. As the base contaminant and reagent react, the contaminant is retained within the longitudinal slots of the fiber.
- In a preferred embodiment, the contaminants are ammonium and/or amines and the reagent is an acid. The acid-impregnated multilobal fiber is significantly more efficient than several commercially available filters. The filter can be used in a variety of applications including clean rooms and in filtering chambers for installation in the field.
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FIG. 1 shows a detailed cross-sectional view of an individual multilobal fiber. -
FIG. 2 shows a close-up view of a fiber mat made of multilobal fibers with a reagent disposed within each multilobal fiber. -
FIG. 3 shows a wider view of the fiber mat ofFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 4 shows a plot comparing the percentage of contaminant breakthrough over time for the acid-impregnated multilobal fiber versus two other commercially available filters. -
FIG. 5 shows a chamber in one embodiment for use in filtering an airstream with the acid-impregnated multilobal fiber filter. -
FIG. 6 shows the chamber ofFIG. 5 with a multi-layered multilobal fiber filter. - Use of the same reference symbols in different figures indicates similar or identical items.
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FIG. 1 shows a detailed view of a cross section of an individualmultilobal fiber 2.Fiber 2 is a type of fiber made of thermoplastic polymers and formed by conventional fiber forming techniques, such as spinning a fiber composition through a conventional spinnerate, as described in the above-referenced U.S. Pat. No. 5,057,368. Fiber 2 includes a core 4, from which threelobes 6 extend outwardly. Each oflobes 6 terminates with acap 8 which is perpendicularly attached to the end oflobe 6. The cavity formed betweenlobe 6 andadjacent caps 8 runs along the entire length ofmultilobal fiber 2 forminglongitudinal slot 10.Multilobal fiber 2 has the ability to retain powdered particulate matter, such as powdered carbon. The carbon powder can be mechanically held withinslot 10 entrapped bycaps 8 without the use of any liquids. Entrapping the powder withinslot 10 can be accomplished by dusting the powder into the fibers and then shaking off the excess powder or blowing the excess powder off with a fan. - Preferably,
fiber 2 can hold, through capillary forces, liquids withinslot 10.FIG. 2 shows a close-up view offiber mat 100 whereliquid reagent 12 is filled withinslots 10 of meshedfibers 2.Liquid reagent 12 can be utilized to fillslots 10 by having liquid droplets penetratefiber mat 100 and wicking intoslots 10 after impacting with the surfaces offibers 2. After the liquid droplets impact withfibers 2, they quickly coalesce intoslots 10 while leaving open voids betweenfibers 2 and allowing for unencumbered airflow throughfiber mat 100.Fibers 2 can alternatively wickreagent 12 up withinslots 10 by capillary force by dippingfibers 2 intoreagent 12 and removingexcess reagent 12. -
Reagent 12 can be formed into liquid droplets by different methods such as forcingreagent 12 through a mechanical atomizer or preferably by using a conventional liquid dropper.Reagent 12 can range from a variety of liquids such as acids, oxidants, reductants, complexing agents, coordinating agents, and deliquescent agents; however, it is preferable to use acids. Acids for use asreagent 12 include, but are not limited to, inorganic acids such as boric acid and preferably phosphoric or sulfuric acid. Organic acids may also be used rather than inorganic acids. Organic acids include, but are not limited to, moncarboxylic, dicarboxylic, and tricarboxylic acids; these types of organic acids include citric, lactic, maleic, fumaric, caproic, lauric, oxalic, malonic, tartaric, succinic, salicyclic, and malic acids. In another embodiment, powdered acids may also be used in place of the liquid acid and impregnated within slots 11 in a method similar to that described above for carbon powder. In an alternative embodiment, powdered bases may also be used to filter non-basic contaminants. Such powdered bases may include, e.g., sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, trisodium phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, and sodium tetraborate. Also,reagent 12 may include coordinating agents which comprise transition metals, e.g., copper, and complexing agents which comprise entrapping agents, e.g., cyclodextrines. -
FIG. 3 shows a wider view offiber mat 100.Fibers 2 can be pleated or formed in layers to formfiber mat 100 in a variety of configurations. Generally, the volume withinslot 10 makes up about half the volume ofmultilobal fiber 2 and depending upon the density of the contaminant,fibers 2 can gain around 100% in weight of liquid contaminants and anywhere from 25% to 125% in weight for solid powders withinslots 10. Utilizing themultilobal fiber 2 property to capture both liquid or solid contaminants,reagent 12 is used for adsorptive and absorptive filtration applications.Reagents 12 are intentionally impregnated withinslots 10 and can be a reactive liquid or a solid reagent, preferably both acid, andfiber mat 100 is used as a supportive network to holdreagents 12 in a highly dispersed configuration for adsorptive and absorptive molecular contaminant removal.Multilobal fiber 2 can retain not only a liquid or solid (acid)reagent 12, but is effective in also retaining a combination of a liquid reagent and solid particulates. Solid adsorbants such as zeolites, aluminum oxides, activated carbons (both impregnated and virgin), and chemically modified silicas can be combined withacid reagent 12, in either liquid or solid form, and impregnated withinslots 10 ofmultilobal fibers 2. Solid adsorbants may also be used in combination withbase reagent 12 and impregnated withinslots 10. -
Fiber mat 100 is particularly effective in filtering base contaminants from a passing fluid stream. Bases are considered any chemicals or compounds conventionally regarded as a base in the chemical arts. These chemicals and compounds include Lewis bases, shift bases, aqueous bases, and preferably any compounds that are alkaline in an aqueous environment. Ammonium and amines are preferable bases. - A
fiber mat 100 impregnated with liquidacid reagents 12 is particularly effective in specifically absorbing base contaminants, such as ammonium, NH3, and amines (for example, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)) from a passing fluid stream. An airstream with contaminants, for example, ammonium ions, passes throughfiber mat 100. As it passes overmultilobal fibers 2 impregnated withacid reagent 12, the ammonium ion chemically reacts (in a reaction well known in the art) with and is adsorbed byacid reagent 12 to form a salt.Acid reagent 12 exchanges hydrogen atoms with the ammonium ions, forming water as a byproduct and leaving the ammonium ion to react with and attach toacid reagent 12.Reagent 12 irreversibly retains the ammonium ions within theslots 10 ofmultilobal fiber 2. - The combination of
multilobal fibers 2 impregnated with aliquid acid reagent 12 gives unexpected, ultra-high efficient results in filtering out base contaminants. The effectiveness offiber mat 100 utilizingmultilobal fibers 2 impregnated withacid reagent 12 can be seen inFIG. 4 when compared to two conventionally available acid-impregnated commercial filters. All three filters were subjected to a continuous 90 parts-per-million (ppm) exposure of a gas contaminated with ammonium diluted in air. The air was conditioned to 50% relative humidity and 23° C.; the air was blown through the filters at a velocity of 150 ft/min giving an equivalent pressure drop for all three filters. The basic gas concentration was measured continuously downstream of each filter and the breakthrough percentage of the contaminants were plotted over time. The breakthrough percentage is the amount of contaminants remaining in the air downstream of the filter relative to the amount of contaminants initially in the air upstream of the filter. - As seen in
FIG. 4 , curve A representsmultilobal fiber 2 impregnated withacid reagent 12. Curves B and C represent the results of other commercially available filters. The results of curve A show significant retention of contaminants from the acid-impregnatedmultilobal filter 2 over either curve B or C showing the effectiveness and longer life of the acid-reagent 12 used in conjunction with multilobal fiber 2: The retention time offiber mat 100 is nearly three times as long as the retention time shown in curve B (120 minutes at about 0% breakthrough versus 40 minutes at about 4% breakthrough for curve B). -
Fiber mat 100 utilizingacid reagent 12 inmultilobal fiber 2 can be used in a variety of applications, e.g., pleating orlayering multilobal fiber 2 to formfiber mat 100.Fiber mat 100 can be used, in one embodiment, as a filtering element in afiltering chamber 102 as shown inFIG. 5 .Chamber 102 consists of ahousing 18, which can be designed from a conventional metal, e.g., aluminum, to accommodate handling and field installation. The pleated or layeredfiber mat 100 is attached tohousing 18, preferably by an adhesive or a low outgassing glue. It is also possible, in an alternative embodiment, to havefiber mat 100 attached to a frame (frame is not shown); this frame withfiber mat 100 can then be installed or removed interchangeably withinhousing 18.Housing 18 also has aninlet 14 and anoutlet 16 to allow an airstream 20 to pass throughfiltering chamber 102 while being filtered throughfiber mat 100.Chamber 102 can be used to provide particle and chemical filtration for ammoniums, amines, and particles for chemical clean room environments. -
FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment offiber mat 100.FIG. 6 is similar tochamber 102 inFIG. 5 in most respects except for the substitution ofmulti-layered fiber mat 100′ forfiber mat 100.Multi-layered fiber mat 100′ is a filter composed of a number of individual adjacent layers. Each individual layer is impregnated with any of the reagents discussed above; and several individual layers, each layer with a different reagent, are combined into a single multi-layered fiber mat. The number of layers can range from one to N andfiber mat 100′ can contain any combination of layers and reagents depending upon the desired functionality. - Although the invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, the description is only an example of the invention's application and should not be taken as a limitation. In particular, even though much of preceding discussion was aimed at liquid acid-impregnated
multilobal fibers 2, alternative embodiments of this invention includemultilobal fibers 2 impregnated withsolid acid reagents 12 andmultilobal fibers 2 impregnated with a base, both in liquid and solid form to filter non-basic contaminants. Various other adaptations and combinations of features of the embodiments disclosed are within the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
Claims (22)
1-85. (canceled)
86. A fiber mat comprising:
a plurality of elongated fibers, each fiber comprising an internal cavity;
a plurality of powdered particulate matter; and
a chemically-reactive reagent disposed within the internal cavities of the fibers, wherein the reagent comprises at least one acid, at least one base, at least one coordinating agent, at least one complexing agent, at least one deliquescent agent or a combination thereof.
87. The mat of claim 86 , wherein the at least one complexing agent comprises urea, a cyclodextrin or a crown ether.
88. The mat of claim 86 , wherein the at least one deliquescing agent comprises lithium, a potassium halide, fructose, propylene or ethylene glycol.
89. The mat of claim 86 , wherein the at least one acid comprises a liquid acid.
90. The mat of claim 86 , wherein the at least one acid comprises a powdered acid.
91. The mat of claim 86 , wherein the at least one base comprises a liquid base.
92. The mat of claim 86 , wherein the at least one base comprises a powdered base.
93. The mat of claim 92 , wherein the powdered base comprises sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, trisodium phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide or sodium tetraborate.
94. The mat of claim 86 , wherein the coordinating agent comprises at least one transition metal.
95. The mat of claim 94 , wherein the at least one transition metal comprises copper.
96. The mat of claim 95 , wherein the plurality of fibers comprise at least one thermoplastic polymer.
97. The mat of claim 86 , wherein the powdered particulate matter comprises carbon powder.
98. The mat of claim 86 , wherein the powdered particulate matter comprises zeolite, aluminum oxide or silica.
99. The mat of claim 86 , wherein at least some of the plurality of fibers are trilobal.
100. The mat of claim 86 , wherein at least some of the plurality of fibers are quadrilobal.
101. The mat of claim 86 , wherein at least some of the plurality of fibers contains a plurality of T shaped lobes.
102. The mat of claim 86 , wherein the mat is pleated.
103. The mat of claim 86 , further comprising a frame coupled to the mat.
104. A gas filter comprising the mat of claim 86 .
105. A filtering chamber comprising the mat of claim 86 .
106. A housing comprising the mat of claim 103.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/923,103 US20050214188A1 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2004-08-19 | Complex shaped fiber for particle and molecular filtration |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/834,581 US6623715B2 (en) | 1999-10-20 | 2001-04-12 | Complex shaped fiber for particle and molecular filtration |
US10/652,230 US7442223B2 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2003-08-28 | Complex shaped fiber for particle and molecular filtration |
US10/923,103 US20050214188A1 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2004-08-19 | Complex shaped fiber for particle and molecular filtration |
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US10/652,230 Division US7442223B2 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2003-08-28 | Complex shaped fiber for particle and molecular filtration |
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US20050214188A1 true US20050214188A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
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US10/652,230 Expired - Fee Related US7442223B2 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2003-08-28 | Complex shaped fiber for particle and molecular filtration |
US10/923,103 Abandoned US20050214188A1 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2004-08-19 | Complex shaped fiber for particle and molecular filtration |
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US10/652,230 Expired - Fee Related US7442223B2 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2003-08-28 | Complex shaped fiber for particle and molecular filtration |
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US20060112829A1 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-01 | Ranco Incorporated Of Delaware | Fanless indoor air quality treatment |
US20070003457A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2007-01-04 | Ron Rohrbach | Complex shaped fiber for particle and molecular filtration |
US20070113741A1 (en) * | 2005-11-22 | 2007-05-24 | Yen-Kuen Shiau | Detachable filtering apparatus for an air conditioning system and an installment method thereof |
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US20050175522A1 (en) * | 1999-10-20 | 2005-08-11 | Ron Rohrbach | Devices and methods for chemical reactive filtration |
US7517381B2 (en) * | 1999-10-20 | 2009-04-14 | Honeywell International Inc. | Devices and methods for chemical reactive filtration |
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US20070003457A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2007-01-04 | Ron Rohrbach | Complex shaped fiber for particle and molecular filtration |
US8277529B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2012-10-02 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter medium and breather filter structure |
US7314497B2 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2008-01-01 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter medium and structure |
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US8268033B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2012-09-18 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter medium and structure |
USRE47737E1 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2019-11-26 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter medium and structure |
US8512435B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2013-08-20 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter medium and breather filter structure |
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US9353481B2 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2016-05-31 | Donldson Company, Inc. | Method and apparatus for forming a fibrous media |
US8524041B2 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2013-09-03 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Method for forming a fibrous media |
US9885154B2 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2018-02-06 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Fibrous media |
US10316468B2 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2019-06-11 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Fibrous media |
US8267681B2 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2012-09-18 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Method and apparatus for forming a fibrous media |
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US20070003457A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
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