US20040196054A9 - Apparatus and method for monitoring body composition by measuring body dielectric constant and body impedance based on the method of frequency digital sampling - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for monitoring body composition by measuring body dielectric constant and body impedance based on the method of frequency digital sampling Download PDFInfo
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- US20040196054A9 US20040196054A9 US10/727,677 US72767703A US2004196054A9 US 20040196054 A9 US20040196054 A9 US 20040196054A9 US 72767703 A US72767703 A US 72767703A US 2004196054 A9 US2004196054 A9 US 2004196054A9
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G19/00—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups
- G01G19/44—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups for weighing persons
- G01G19/50—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups for weighing persons having additional measuring devices, e.g. for height
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
- A61B5/0537—Measuring body composition by impedance, e.g. tissue hydration or fat content
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4869—Determining body composition
- A61B5/4872—Body fat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G19/00—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups
- G01G19/40—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups with provisions for indicating, recording, or computing price or other quantities dependent on the weight
- G01G19/413—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups with provisions for indicating, recording, or computing price or other quantities dependent on the weight using electromechanical or electronic computing means
- G01G19/414—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups with provisions for indicating, recording, or computing price or other quantities dependent on the weight using electromechanical or electronic computing means using electronic computing means only
- G01G19/4146—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups with provisions for indicating, recording, or computing price or other quantities dependent on the weight using electromechanical or electronic computing means using electronic computing means only for controlling caloric intake, e.g. diet control
Definitions
- the present invention relates to measurement devices in general, and more particularly to a body composition monitor by measuring dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance based on the method of frequency digital sampling.
- Body composition refers to the total contents consisting of every tissue and organ of human's body, its total weight is namely body weight, which is composed of two parts: fat and non-fat content.
- the former mass is called body fat mass, the ratio between it and body mass is called percent body fat (Fat %) in human body.
- the latter includes the weight of water, viscera, bones, muscle, mineral salts and so on, and is also called lean body mass or fat free mass, among which water content accounts for most of the mass. 70% fat content is mainly distributed in and below the region of waist.
- Body composition indicates the rates of body tissue structure such as lean body mass (LBM) and body fat. Different tissue body structure contents result in different body functions and activity, and in order to maintain the body's normal functions, it is required that all contents adjust to one another at certain rates. Once the maladjusted rates destroy the normal physiological functions and activity, the normal growth and health of the body will be affected.
- Body composition can also indicate physical attributes, body shape characteristic and body stature, and fat content can indicate body fitness. So body composition is significant to make the fitness standard and body shape assessment and so on.
- TBW total body water
- ICW intracellular water
- ECW extracellular water
- TBW equals the sum of ICW and ECW, and these three indices are significant to assess the physical attributes and the balance status of intracellular and extracellular liquid.
- the method often used is druggery dilution method. For example, to take certain doses of antibilin or D 2 O, after these medical substances disperse uniformly to global body, to extract some sample of blood and urine for testing.
- multiple-factor isotope dilution which can measure multiple body contents including water content from microcosmic aspect. None of these methods presented above can meet the demand of fast and integrated monitoring of body weight, fat and water content.
- Especially some methods of medical substance dilution can only be done in hospitals, have long time period, cost much and can not be done as often as needed.
- the method of bioelectrical impedance analysis is considered to be the simplest method for measuring human body composition (such as fat content).
- This method is based upon the principle that body tissue conductivity of bio electricity in different region of body stimulated by outside electricity is different. For example, the conductivity of muscle is high and then the impedance is small because of its high rate of water content, while the conductivity of fat tissue, bone tissue and lung tissue filled with air is very low and the impedance is relatively great. So body composition can be estimated according to tissue's impedance.
- bioelectrical impedance can be measured by placing electrodes at a person's toes and heels, and by inputting the weight and height of the subject, percent body fat can also be estimated.
- the shortcomings of the above methods are: first, the methods have limitation if body fat and water content are determined based on bioelectrical impedance alone, second, because of the great diversity of human bodies, if only one or multiple determined frequencies are applied to human body, the results can not indicate body status accurately, third, there are large error in those low-cost apparatus when use voltage measurement to determine body impedance.
- the present invention aims to solve those questions above, the object is to provide a method for measuring dielectric constant of body endermic tissues by using capacitance sensor contacting body skin and based on the method of frequency digital sampling.
- the present invention also aims at providing a method according to which, human body is connected with oscillator circuit as a two end impedance element, then generates unfixed frequencies related to body impedance, and by sampling frequency, the digital signal, the body impedance is determined.
- the present invention also aims to provide a method of determining body composition by jointly using measurement of two parameters: dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance.
- the present invention also aims to provide a body composition monitor for measuring body dielectric constant and body impedance based on the method of frequency digital sampling, and the monitor is used to monitor body composition in everyday life.
- the present invention includes two kinds of measuring modes and corresponding apparatus for composition monitoring.
- the first mode is to assemble the measuring unit and display unit in an integrative apparatus.
- the apparatus includes feet-on electrode plates and capacitance grid sensor, both of which are attached to the platform of weighing scale, body impedance and water measuring circuits, weighing sensor, weighing signal process circuit, microprocessor system, display, keyboard, and so on. Before measurement, the subject's gender, height and age are input by keyboard. The measuring results including body weight, fat content, water content and so on are shown on the display.
- the second mode is measuring unit and display unit are separated as measuring apparatus and display apparatus physically.
- the measuring apparatus includes feet-on electrode plates and capacitance grid sensor, both of which are attached to the platform of weighing scale, weighing sensor, infrared signal emitting and receiving circuit, microprocessor system, body impedance and water test circuit, weighing signal process circuit and so on.
- the display apparatus consists of infrared signal emitting and receiving circuit, microprocessor system, display, keyboard and so on. Before measurement, the subject's gender, height and age are input by keyboard of display apparatus. Measuring apparatus emits the results of weight, fat content, water content by infrared signal transmitting circuit to display apparatus hand-held or hung up on wall, and the results are shown on display.
- the present invention regards the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues as a measuring parameter for evaluating body composition.
- the present invention's method and principle for measuring dielectric constant of body endermic tissues is: when a testee stands with barefoot on the measuring platform, his soles of two feet contact two capacitance grid sensors, and the oscillator circuit connected with capacitance grid sensors generates oscillating frequency signals related to dielectric constant of body endermic tissues, the signals are sampled and then the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues can be obtained.
- the present invention regards the body impedance as a measuring parameter for evaluating body composition.
- the present invention's method and principle for measuring body impedance is: when a testee stands with barefoot on the measuring platform, his two feet contact two (groups of) electrode plates mounted on the platform simultaneously and respectively.
- human body is connected with oscillator circuit as a two ends impedance element and a loop is formed at and below human's waist region.
- the oscillating frequency of the oscillator circuit is related to the impedance of human body. By changing parameters of other elements of oscillator circuit, several different frequency signals are obtained related to body impedance, then the body impedances corresponding to several different frequencies are determined.
- the method and principle of the present invention to determine body composition by jointly using measurement of the two kinds of measuring parameters, dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance, is to introduce to math models the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues, the body impedance, body weight obtained from weighing sensor and circuit, and the input data by keyboard, to calculate by microprocessor, and to display body weight, body fat content, total body water (TBW) and the ratio between intracellular water and TBW (ICW/TBW) by display.
- W body weight (Kg)
- Rm1, Rm2, Rm3 are body impedance corresponding respectively to three kinds of undetermined frequencies.
- ⁇ r is the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues: Fat is body fat value(kg): Fat(%) is percent body fat: H is body height (cm);
- Y is a subject's age
- a 0 , a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , a 4 , a 5 , a 6 , b 1 , b 2 , c, K1, K2, K3, K4 are all coefficients, whose values are related to gender.
- W, Rm1, Rm2, Rm 3 , ⁇ r are determined by measurement
- H, Y and gender are input by keyboard.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic view showing the mode of assembling the function units of measuring and displaying body composition in an integrative apparatus.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic view showing the mode of separating the function units of measuring and displaying body composition to measuring apparatus and display apparatus physically.
- FIG. 2A shows an embodiment example of measuring platform configuration of the integrative apparatus based on the mode shown in FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 2B shows an alternative embodiment example of measuring platform configuration of the integrative apparatus based on the method shown in FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 3A shows the system configuration based on the integrative apparatus shown in FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 3B shows the system configuration based on the integrative apparatus shown in FIG. 2B.
- FIG. 4A shows an embodiment example of measuring platform configuration of measuring apparatus based on the mode shown in FIG. 1B.
- FIG. 4B shows an alternative embodiment example of measuring platform configuration of measuring apparatus based on the mode shown in FIG. 1B.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic view showing the system configuration based on the measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 4A.
- FIG. 5B is a schematic view showing the system configuration based on the measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 4B.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the platform configuration of display apparatus based on the measuring mode shown in FIG. 1B.
- FIG. 7A is a schematic view showing the first kind of electrode configuration of capacitance grid sensor measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues.
- FIG. 7B is a schematic view showing the second kind of electrode configuration of capacitance grid sensor measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues.
- FIG. 7C is a schematic view showing the third kind of electrode configuration of capacitance grid sensor measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues.
- FIG. 7D is a schematic view showing the fourth kind of electrode configuration of capacitance grid sensor measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the measuring mode of measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance by applying undetermined frequencies through sole.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit system structure of measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance by using undetermined frequencies.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the positive feedback RC oscillator circuit for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues in the positive feedback RC oscillator circuit for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the circuit for measuring the body impedance in the positive feedback RC oscillator circuit for measuring dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance.
- FIG. 12 is an alternative schematic view showing the circuit for measuring the body impedance in the positive feedback RC oscillator circuit for measuring dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing circuit structure based on the display apparatus shown in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of infrared signal transmitting circuit in measuring apparatus based on the measuring mode shown in FIG. 1B.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of infrared signal transmitting circuit in display apparatus based on the measuring mode shown in FIG. 1B.
- the first measuring mode is to assemble the measuring function unit and display function unit into a integrative apparatus.
- a testee stands with barefoot on the platform 1 of the integrative apparatus attaching feet-on electrode plates and capacitance grid sensor.
- the testee's data are input by keyboard 2 of the integrative apparatus.
- the determined results by measurement including weight, fat content and water content are shown on display 3 .
- the second mode is that the measuring function unit and display function unit are separated as measuring apparatus and display apparatus physically. There are microprocessors in both the measuring apparatus and display apparatus, and data are transmitted between the two apparatus by the transmitting manner of infrared 7 .
- a testee stands with barefoot on the platform 4 of measuring apparatus attaching foot-on electrode plates and capacitance grid sensor. The testee's data are input by display apparatus 6 held in hand by the testee.
- Measuring apparatus emits determined data including body weight, body fat ratio and body water ratio in infrared 7 transition manner through window 5 to display apparatus and then these data are shown here.
- FIG. 2A it shows a kind of measuring platform configuration of integrative apparatus based upon the measuring mode shown in FIG. 1A.
- the platform 1 is positioned on scale sensor.
- the surface of the platform 1 is insulative and, there are two electrodes 8 , 9 on the platform, which have enough area to be contacted by human's sole and are made of conductive materials. There is no conduction between electrodes 8 and 9 , between electrodes 8 , 9 and platform 1 .
- Keyboard 2 and display 3 are located on platform 1 .
- FIG. 2B it shows another kind of measuring platform configuration of integrative apparatus based upon the measuring mode shown in FIG. 1A.
- the platform 101 is positioned on scale sensor.
- the surface of the platform 101 is insulative, and there are two electrodes 12 , 13 comprising electrode plates connected by conducting wires on the platform 101 .
- Also on the platform there are at least one or more capacitance grid sensors 10 , 11 , which can be contacted by human's soles.
- Keyboard 2 and display 3 are located on platform 101 .
- FIG. 3A it shows the system configuration of integrative apparatus shown in FIG. 2A. Electrode plates 8 , 9 and capacitance grid sensors 10 , 11 are connected with the interfaces of positive feedback RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance, and positive feedback RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance is connected with two interfaces of microprocessor MCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus.
- One of the two interfaces is a signal collection interface of MCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus, the other is a control interface of MCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus used to send switch instruction to positive feedback RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance in order to switch undetermined multiple frequencies and measuring signals of the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues.
- the signal wires of weighing sensor 19 are connected with weighing signal process circuit 18 , and the processed signal is applied to one interface of the MCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus through weighing signal processing circuit 18 .
- Display 16 is connected with the output of MCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus and is used to show the input data and the measuring result.
- Keyboard 17 is connected with the I/O interface of MCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus and is used to input data to MCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus.
- FIG. 3B it shows the system configuration of integrative apparatus shown in FIG. 2B.
- the two groups of electrode 12 , 13 composed of electrode plates connected with one another by wires and being able to contact human's soles, and capacitance grid sensor 10 , 11 are connected with the interfaces of positive feedback RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance, and positive feedback RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance is connected with two interfaces of MCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus.
- One of the interfaces is the signal collection interface of MCU 15 system of the integrative apparatus and the other is a control interface of the MCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus used to send switch instruction to positive feedback RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance in order to switch undetermined multiple frequencies and the measuring signal of body dielectric constant of endermic tissues.
- the signal wires of weighing sensor 19 are connected with weighing signal process circuit 18 , and the processed signal is applied to one interface of MCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus through weighing signal processing circuit 18 .
- Display 16 is connected with the output of MCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus and is used to show the input data and the measuring results.
- Keyboard 17 is connected with the I/O interface of MCU 15 and is used to input data to MCU 15 .
- FIG. 4A it shows a kind of measuring platform configuration of measuring apparatus based upon the measuring mode shown in FIG. 1B.
- the platform 4 is positioned on scale sensor, and on the platform 4 , there are two electrodes 8 , 9 with enough area to be contacted by human's sole. Also on the platform 4 there are at least one or more capacitance grid sensors 10 , 11 which can be contacted by human's soles and are used to measure dielectric constant of the body endermic tissues.
- Infrared ray transmitting window 5 is positioned on measuring platform 4 .
- FIG. 4B it shows another kind of measuring platform configuration of measuring apparatus based upon the measuring mode shown in FIG. 1B.
- the platform 401 is positioned on scale sensor, and on the platform 401 , there are two groups of electrode 12 , 13 comprising electrode plates connected by conducting wires and with enough area to be contacted by human's soles. Also on the platform 401 there are at least one or more capacitance grid sensors 10 , 11 which can be contacted by human's soles and are used to measure dielectric constant of the body endermic tissues.
- Infrared ray transmitting window 5 is positioned on measuring platform 401 .
- FIG. 5A it shows the system configuration of measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 4A. Electrodes 8 , 9 and capacitance grid sensor 10 , 11 are connected with the interfaces of positive feedback RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance, and positive feedback RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance is connected with two interfaces of microprocessor MCU system 20 of measuring apparatus.
- One of the two interfaces is a signal collection interface of MCU system 20 of measuring apparatus, the other is a control interface of MCU system 20 of measuring apparatus used to send switch instruction to positive feedback RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance in order to switch undetermined multiple frequencies and measuring signal of dielectric constant of body endermic tissues.
- the signal wires of weighing sensor 19 are connected with weighing signal process circuit 18 , and the processed signal is applied to one interface of MCU system 20 of the measuring apparatus through weighing signal processing circuit 18 .
- the determined data by measurement are emitted or received by infrared ray-emitting-receiving circuit 21 .
- FIG. 5B it shows the system configuration of measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 4B.
- Two groups of electrodes 12 , 13 which are composed of electrode plates connected with one another by wires and can be in contact with human's soles, and capacitance grid sensors 10 , 11 are connected with the interfaces of positive feedback RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance, and positive feedback RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance is connected with two interfaces of MCU 20 system of the measuring apparatus.
- One of the interfaces is the signal collection interface of MCU 20 system of the measuring apparatus and the other is a control interface of MCU system 20 of the measuring apparatus used to send switch instruction to positive feedback RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance in order to switch undetermined multiple frequencies and the measuring signal of dielectric constant of body endermic tissues.
- the signal wires of weighing sensor 19 are connected with weighing signal process circuit 18 , and the processed signal is applied to one interface of MCU system 20 of the measuring apparatus through weighing signal processing circuit 18 .
- the determined data by measurement are emitted or received by infrared ray-emitting-receiving circuit 21 .
- FIG. 6 it shows the surface configuration of display apparatus based upon the measuring mode shown in FIG. 1B.
- keyboard 2 On the process panel of display apparatus 6 are keyboard 2 , display 3 and infrared ray transmitting window 22 .
- capacitance grid sensor for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues.
- the capacitance grid sensor for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues is composed of two non-intersectant electrodes 23 .
- the two groups of electrodes 24 of the capacitance grid sensor for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues are dentiform, nested and non-intersectant.
- the two groups of electrodes 25 of the capacitance grid sensor for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues are equidistant, and circle outward from the circular or rectangular center, and the two groups of electrodes are never intersectant.
- the electrodes 26 of capacitance grid sensor for for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues are equidistant and non-touching plates, and are connected by conductors to become two equidistant and non-touching electrode groups.
- FIG. 8 shows a measuring method, wherein the subject is connected to the circuit as an impedance element Rm for measuring body impedance and dielectric constant of body endermic tissues.
- the testee's two feet contact two (groups of) electrode plates 27 simultaneously and respectively.
- the human body is connected as a two end impedance element Rm with positive feedback RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance, and a loop is formed at and below the human body waist region.
- the oscillating frequency of the oscillator circuit is related to the impedance element Rm.
- FIG. 9 shows the system configuration of circuit for measuring dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance by using undetermined frequencies.
- Human body impedance Rm is coupled to the positive feedback RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance, capacitor Cm formed by capacitance grid sensor together with capacitors C 1 , C 2 , . . . Cn, which are different in values, are introduced to switch circuit 30 .
- Switch circuit 30 is introduced to the positive feedback RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance.
- ⁇ r C m ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0 ⁇ A
- ⁇ is the electrode distance of capacitance grid sensor
- ⁇ 0 is vacuum dielectric constant
- A is electrode area forming the capacitance of capacitance grid.
- FIG. 10 it is a schematic view showing the circuit for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues in the positive feedback RC oscillator circuit for measuring dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance.
- the circuit is made up of two invertors, capacitor Ca, resistor Ra, body impedance Rm and capacitance grid sensor Cm in contact with human's soles.
- the connection between capacitance grid sensor Cm and capacitor Ca is in series, and the other ends of the series circuit are respectively connected with the output end of one invertor and input end of the other invertor.
- the connection between Ra and Rm is in series, and and the other ends of the series circuit are respectively connected with the input end and the output end of one invertor.
- the input end of one invertor is connected with the output end of the other invertor.
- FIG. 11 it is a schematic view showing the circuit for measuring the body impedance in the positive feedback RC oscillator circuit for measuring dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance.
- the circuit comprises two invertors, resistor Ra, capacitor Ca and body impedance Rm.
- the capacitance grid sensor Cm is a short-circuit capacitance in the circuit.
- the input end of one invertor is connected with the output end of the other invertor, between the joint of the two inventors and the input end of the invertor, the series-wound circuit comprised by resistor Ra and body impedance Rm is introduced.
- the two ends of the capacitor Ca are connected respectively with the two invertors' two ends that are not connected with each other.
- the oscillating frequency of the oscillator circuit can change with the different body impedance Rm.
- FIG. 12 it is a schematic view showing another kind of circuit for measuring the body impedance in the positive feedback RC oscillator circuit for measuring dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance.
- the circuit comprises one D trigger, resistors Ra 1 and Ra 2 , capacitor Ca 1 and body impedance Rm.
- the body impedance Rm is in series connection with resistor Ra 1 and then in parallel connection with resistor Ra 2 .
- the one end of the circuit in series-parallel connection is connected with the invert end of the D trigger, and another end is connected with the CD end, CLK end, and GND end of the D trigger.
- the oscillating frequency of the oscillator circuit can change with the different body impedance Rm.
- FIG. 13 shows the circuit system based upon the display apparatus shown in FIG. 6.
- Keyboard 34 , display 35 and infrared emitting-receiving circuit 32 are all connected with corresponding interfaces of MCU system 31 of the display apparatus.
- FIG. 14 shows the configuration of infrared signal transmitting circuit configuration of measuring apparatus based upon the measuring mode shown in FIG. 1B.
- Electrical signal is input from the base electrode of audion T 1
- the collectors of audion T 1 and T 2 are connected with one port of infrared emitter 36
- the other port of infrared emitter 36 is connected with current-limiting resistor R 1
- infrared emitter 36 emits infrared data signal 7 .
- Infrared receiver 38 receives the infrared instruction signal emitted by display apparatus when operated, and converts the infrared signal to electrical signal, which is then transmitted from infrared receiver 38 to the base electrode of audion T 3 .
- the collector of audion T 3 is connected with the input level of decoder 37 .
- the output level of decoder 37 is connected with MCU system 20 of the measuring apparatus. This circuit makes measuring apparatus realize the two-direction transition of infrared signal.
- FIG. 15 shows the configuration of infrared signal transmitting circuit in display apparatus.
- Infrared receiver receives the data signal emitted from measuring apparatus, and the data signal is converted to electrical signal, which is then transmitted from infrared receiver 29 to the base electrode of audion T 7 .
- the collector of audion T 7 is connected with the interface of MCU system 31 of the display apparatus.
- the interface of MCU system 31 of the display apparatus sends electrical signal to the input interface of encoder 39 , whose output interface is connected with the base electrode of audion T 5 .
- the collectors of audion T 5 and T 6 are connected with one port of infrared emitter 33 , and the other port of infrared emitter 33 is connected with current-limiting resistor R 4 .
- Infrared emitter 33 emits infrared instruction signal 7 .
- This circuit makes display apparatus realize the two-direction transition of infrared signal.
- the advantages of the present invention are: 1. To jointly evaluate body composition by using the two measuring parameters of body impedance by measurement and the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues measured by the capacitance grid sensor in contact with the human body's skin, so to decrease the uncertainty caused by assessment using only one measured parameter; 2. To measure the body impedance and dielectric constant of body endermic tissues based on the method of frequency digital sampling, so to leave out the A/D converting part and to improve the measuring accuracy; 3. To measure body impedance by using non-fixed multiple frequency method, so to make the body difference to be indicated more obviously in body impedance difference and to indicate the body composition status genuinely. The apparatus of the present invention is used to conveniently monitor the body composition in everyday life.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to measurement devices in general, and more particularly to a body composition monitor by measuring dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance based on the method of frequency digital sampling.
- Body composition refers to the total contents consisting of every tissue and organ of human's body, its total weight is namely body weight, which is composed of two parts: fat and non-fat content. The former mass is called body fat mass, the ratio between it and body mass is called percent body fat (Fat %) in human body. The latter includes the weight of water, viscera, bones, muscle, mineral salts and so on, and is also called lean body mass or fat free mass, among which water content accounts for most of the mass. 70% fat content is mainly distributed in and below the region of waist.
- Body composition indicates the rates of body tissue structure such as lean body mass (LBM) and body fat. Different tissue body structure contents result in different body functions and activity, and in order to maintain the body's normal functions, it is required that all contents adjust to one another at certain rates. Once the maladjusted rates destroy the normal physiological functions and activity, the normal growth and health of the body will be affected. Body composition can also indicate physical attributes, body shape characteristic and body stature, and fat content can indicate body fitness. So body composition is significant to make the fitness standard and body shape assessment and so on.
- There are already some methods and fruits for measuring body fat content alone, such as isotope dilution method, underwater weighing method, height and weight empirical algorithms, ultrasound measurement, infrared measurement and so on. All these methods have the shortcomings of complicated equipment and inconvenient operation.
- There are three indices for measuring body water content: total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW) and extracellular water (ECW). TBW equals the sum of ICW and ECW, and these three indices are significant to assess the physical attributes and the balance status of intracellular and extracellular liquid. There are also corresponding methods for measuring body water. The method often used is druggery dilution method. For example, to take certain doses of antibilin or D2O, after these medical substances disperse uniformly to global body, to extract some sample of blood and urine for testing. Also there is a method called multiple-factor isotope dilution, which can measure multiple body contents including water content from microcosmic aspect. None of these methods presented above can meet the demand of fast and integrated monitoring of body weight, fat and water content. Especially some methods of medical substance dilution, can only be done in hospitals, have long time period, cost much and can not be done as often as needed.
- The method of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is considered to be the simplest method for measuring human body composition (such as fat content). This method is based upon the principle that body tissue conductivity of bio electricity in different region of body stimulated by outside electricity is different. For example, the conductivity of muscle is high and then the impedance is small because of its high rate of water content, while the conductivity of fat tissue, bone tissue and lung tissue filled with air is very low and the impedance is relatively great. So body composition can be estimated according to tissue's impedance. Up to now, though those open patents on measuring body composition based on bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) adopt different circuits, arithmetic, apparatus structures and different output methods, they have three common characteristic in nature, the first is to obtain bioelectric impedance by measuring voltage or voltage difference then transforming to digital value through A/D, the second is to use at least more than three electrodes (groups), among which two electrodes is certain to apply high frequency small current to human body in order to stimulate bio electricity and the other two electrodes collect stimulated voltage signal indicating bioelectrical impedance, if unite two of four electrodes to be used as reference electrodes, then there are 3 electrodes, the third is that the different frequency signals applied to human body must be signals with determined frequencies. As disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,151,523, bioelectrical impedance can be measured by placing electrodes at a person's toes and heels, and by inputting the weight and height of the subject, percent body fat can also be estimated. The shortcomings of the above methods are: first, the methods have limitation if body fat and water content are determined based on bioelectrical impedance alone, second, because of the great diversity of human bodies, if only one or multiple determined frequencies are applied to human body, the results can not indicate body status accurately, third, there are large error in those low-cost apparatus when use voltage measurement to determine body impedance.
- The present invention aims to solve those questions above, the object is to provide a method for measuring dielectric constant of body endermic tissues by using capacitance sensor contacting body skin and based on the method of frequency digital sampling.
- The present invention also aims at providing a method according to which, human body is connected with oscillator circuit as a two end impedance element, then generates unfixed frequencies related to body impedance, and by sampling frequency, the digital signal, the body impedance is determined.
- The present invention also aims to provide a method of determining body composition by jointly using measurement of two parameters: dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance.
- The present invention also aims to provide a body composition monitor for measuring body dielectric constant and body impedance based on the method of frequency digital sampling, and the monitor is used to monitor body composition in everyday life.
- The present invention includes two kinds of measuring modes and corresponding apparatus for composition monitoring. The first mode is to assemble the measuring unit and display unit in an integrative apparatus. The apparatus includes feet-on electrode plates and capacitance grid sensor, both of which are attached to the platform of weighing scale, body impedance and water measuring circuits, weighing sensor, weighing signal process circuit, microprocessor system, display, keyboard, and so on. Before measurement, the subject's gender, height and age are input by keyboard. The measuring results including body weight, fat content, water content and so on are shown on the display. The second mode is measuring unit and display unit are separated as measuring apparatus and display apparatus physically. The measuring apparatus includes feet-on electrode plates and capacitance grid sensor, both of which are attached to the platform of weighing scale, weighing sensor, infrared signal emitting and receiving circuit, microprocessor system, body impedance and water test circuit, weighing signal process circuit and so on. The display apparatus consists of infrared signal emitting and receiving circuit, microprocessor system, display, keyboard and so on. Before measurement, the subject's gender, height and age are input by keyboard of display apparatus. Measuring apparatus emits the results of weight, fat content, water content by infrared signal transmitting circuit to display apparatus hand-held or hung up on wall, and the results are shown on display.
- Because the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues is related directly to the fat content and water content of body tissues, the present invention regards the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues as a measuring parameter for evaluating body composition. The present invention's method and principle for measuring dielectric constant of body endermic tissues is: when a testee stands with barefoot on the measuring platform, his soles of two feet contact two capacitance grid sensors, and the oscillator circuit connected with capacitance grid sensors generates oscillating frequency signals related to dielectric constant of body endermic tissues, the signals are sampled and then the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues can be obtained.
- Because body impedance is related directly to the fat content and water content of body tissues, the present invention regards the body impedance as a measuring parameter for evaluating body composition. The present invention's method and principle for measuring body impedance is: when a testee stands with barefoot on the measuring platform, his two feet contact two (groups of) electrode plates mounted on the platform simultaneously and respectively. At this time human body is connected with oscillator circuit as a two ends impedance element and a loop is formed at and below human's waist region. The oscillating frequency of the oscillator circuit is related to the impedance of human body. By changing parameters of other elements of oscillator circuit, several different frequency signals are obtained related to body impedance, then the body impedances corresponding to several different frequencies are determined.
- The method and principle of the present invention to determine body composition by jointly using measurement of the two kinds of measuring parameters, dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance, is to introduce to math models the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues, the body impedance, body weight obtained from weighing sensor and circuit, and the input data by keyboard, to calculate by microprocessor, and to display body weight, body fat content, total body water (TBW) and the ratio between intracellular water and TBW (ICW/TBW) by display.
-
- where W is body weight (Kg), Rm1, Rm2, Rm3 are body impedance corresponding respectively to three kinds of undetermined frequencies. εr is the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues: Fat is body fat value(kg): Fat(%) is percent body fat: H is body height (cm);
- Y is a subject's age, a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, b1, b2, c, K1, K2, K3, K4 are all coefficients, whose values are related to gender. Among these parameters, W, Rm1, Rm2, Rm3, εr are determined by measurement, H, Y and gender are input by keyboard.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic view showing the mode of assembling the function units of measuring and displaying body composition in an integrative apparatus.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic view showing the mode of separating the function units of measuring and displaying body composition to measuring apparatus and display apparatus physically.
- FIG. 2A shows an embodiment example of measuring platform configuration of the integrative apparatus based on the mode shown in FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 2B shows an alternative embodiment example of measuring platform configuration of the integrative apparatus based on the method shown in FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 3A shows the system configuration based on the integrative apparatus shown in FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 3B shows the system configuration based on the integrative apparatus shown in FIG. 2B.
- FIG. 4A shows an embodiment example of measuring platform configuration of measuring apparatus based on the mode shown in FIG. 1B.
- FIG. 4B shows an alternative embodiment example of measuring platform configuration of measuring apparatus based on the mode shown in FIG. 1B.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic view showing the system configuration based on the measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 4A.
- FIG. 5B is a schematic view showing the system configuration based on the measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 4B.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the platform configuration of display apparatus based on the measuring mode shown in FIG. 1B.
- FIG. 7A is a schematic view showing the first kind of electrode configuration of capacitance grid sensor measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues.
- FIG. 7B is a schematic view showing the second kind of electrode configuration of capacitance grid sensor measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues.
- FIG. 7C is a schematic view showing the third kind of electrode configuration of capacitance grid sensor measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues.
- FIG. 7D is a schematic view showing the fourth kind of electrode configuration of capacitance grid sensor measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the measuring mode of measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance by applying undetermined frequencies through sole.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit system structure of measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance by using undetermined frequencies.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the positive feedback RC oscillator circuit for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues in the positive feedback RC oscillator circuit for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the circuit for measuring the body impedance in the positive feedback RC oscillator circuit for measuring dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance.
- FIG. 12 is an alternative schematic view showing the circuit for measuring the body impedance in the positive feedback RC oscillator circuit for measuring dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing circuit structure based on the display apparatus shown in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of infrared signal transmitting circuit in measuring apparatus based on the measuring mode shown in FIG. 1B.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of infrared signal transmitting circuit in display apparatus based on the measuring mode shown in FIG. 1B.
- Referring now to FIG. 1A, The first measuring mode is to assemble the measuring function unit and display function unit into a integrative apparatus. A testee stands with barefoot on the
platform 1 of the integrative apparatus attaching feet-on electrode plates and capacitance grid sensor. The testee's data are input bykeyboard 2 of the integrative apparatus. The determined results by measurement including weight, fat content and water content are shown ondisplay 3. - Referring now to FIG. 1B, The second mode is that the measuring function unit and display function unit are separated as measuring apparatus and display apparatus physically. There are microprocessors in both the measuring apparatus and display apparatus, and data are transmitted between the two apparatus by the transmitting manner of infrared7. A testee stands with barefoot on the
platform 4 of measuring apparatus attaching foot-on electrode plates and capacitance grid sensor. The testee's data are input bydisplay apparatus 6 held in hand by the testee. Measuring apparatus emits determined data including body weight, body fat ratio and body water ratio in infrared 7 transition manner throughwindow 5 to display apparatus and then these data are shown here. - There are two embodiment examples of the measuring platform configuration of the integrative apparatus in the present invention.
- Referring now to FIG. 2A, it shows a kind of measuring platform configuration of integrative apparatus based upon the measuring mode shown in FIG. 1A. The
platform 1 is positioned on scale sensor. The surface of theplatform 1 is insulative and, there are twoelectrodes electrodes electrodes platform 1. Also on theplatform 1 there is at least more than onecapacitance grid sensors Keyboard 2 anddisplay 3 are located onplatform 1. - Referring now to FIG. 2B, it shows another kind of measuring platform configuration of integrative apparatus based upon the measuring mode shown in FIG. 1A. The
platform 101 is positioned on scale sensor. The surface of theplatform 101 is insulative, and there are twoelectrodes platform 101. There is no conduction betweenelectrodes electrodes platform 101. Also on the platform there are at least one or morecapacitance grid sensors Keyboard 2 anddisplay 3 are located onplatform 101. - Referring now to FIG. 3A, it shows the system configuration of integrative apparatus shown in FIG. 2A.
Electrode plates capacitance grid sensors RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance, and positive feedbackRC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance is connected with two interfaces ofmicroprocessor MCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus. One of the two interfaces is a signal collection interface ofMCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus, the other is a control interface ofMCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus used to send switch instruction to positive feedbackRC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance in order to switch undetermined multiple frequencies and measuring signals of the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues. The signal wires of weighingsensor 19 are connected with weighingsignal process circuit 18, and the processed signal is applied to one interface of theMCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus through weighingsignal processing circuit 18.Display 16 is connected with the output ofMCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus and is used to show the input data and the measuring result.Keyboard 17 is connected with the I/O interface ofMCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus and is used to input data toMCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus. - Referring now to FIG. 3B, it shows the system configuration of integrative apparatus shown in FIG. 2B. The two groups of
electrode capacitance grid sensor RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance, and positive feedbackRC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance is connected with two interfaces ofMCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus. One of the interfaces is the signal collection interface ofMCU 15 system of the integrative apparatus and the other is a control interface of theMCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus used to send switch instruction to positive feedbackRC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance in order to switch undetermined multiple frequencies and the measuring signal of body dielectric constant of endermic tissues. The signal wires of weighingsensor 19 are connected with weighingsignal process circuit 18, and the processed signal is applied to one interface ofMCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus through weighingsignal processing circuit 18.Display 16 is connected with the output ofMCU system 15 of the integrative apparatus and is used to show the input data and the measuring results.Keyboard 17 is connected with the I/O interface ofMCU 15 and is used to input data toMCU 15. - Referring now to FIG. 4A, it shows a kind of measuring platform configuration of measuring apparatus based upon the measuring mode shown in FIG. 1B. The
platform 4 is positioned on scale sensor, and on theplatform 4, there are twoelectrodes platform 4 there are at least one or morecapacitance grid sensors ray transmitting window 5 is positioned on measuringplatform 4. - Referring now to FIG. 4B, it shows another kind of measuring platform configuration of measuring apparatus based upon the measuring mode shown in FIG. 1B. The
platform 401 is positioned on scale sensor, and on theplatform 401, there are two groups ofelectrode platform 401 there are at least one or morecapacitance grid sensors ray transmitting window 5 is positioned on measuringplatform 401. - Referring now to FIG. 5A, it shows the system configuration of measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 4A.
Electrodes capacitance grid sensor RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance, and positive feedbackRC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance is connected with two interfaces ofmicroprocessor MCU system 20 of measuring apparatus. One of the two interfaces is a signal collection interface ofMCU system 20 of measuring apparatus, the other is a control interface ofMCU system 20 of measuring apparatus used to send switch instruction to positive feedbackRC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance in order to switch undetermined multiple frequencies and measuring signal of dielectric constant of body endermic tissues. The signal wires of weighingsensor 19 are connected with weighingsignal process circuit 18, and the processed signal is applied to one interface ofMCU system 20 of the measuring apparatus through weighingsignal processing circuit 18. The determined data by measurement are emitted or received by infrared ray-emitting-receivingcircuit 21. - Referring to FIG. 5B, it shows the system configuration of measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 4B. Two groups of
electrodes capacitance grid sensors RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance, and positive feedbackRC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance is connected with two interfaces ofMCU 20 system of the measuring apparatus. One of the interfaces is the signal collection interface ofMCU 20 system of the measuring apparatus and the other is a control interface ofMCU system 20 of the measuring apparatus used to send switch instruction to positive feedbackRC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance in order to switch undetermined multiple frequencies and the measuring signal of dielectric constant of body endermic tissues. The signal wires of weighingsensor 19 are connected with weighingsignal process circuit 18, and the processed signal is applied to one interface ofMCU system 20 of the measuring apparatus through weighingsignal processing circuit 18. The determined data by measurement are emitted or received by infrared ray-emitting-receivingcircuit 21. - Referring now to FIG. 6, it shows the surface configuration of display apparatus based upon the measuring mode shown in FIG. 1B. On the process panel of
display apparatus 6 arekeyboard 2,display 3 and infraredray transmitting window 22. - In the present invention, there are four embodiment examples of capacitance grid sensor for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues.
- Referring now to FIG. 7A, the capacitance grid sensor for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues is composed of two
non-intersectant electrodes 23. - Referring now to FIG. 7B, the two groups of
electrodes 24 of the capacitance grid sensor for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues are dentiform, nested and non-intersectant. - Referring now to FIG. 7C, the two groups of
electrodes 25 of the capacitance grid sensor for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues are equidistant, and circle outward from the circular or rectangular center, and the two groups of electrodes are never intersectant. - Referring now to FIG. 7D, the
electrodes 26 of capacitance grid sensor for for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues are equidistant and non-touching plates, and are connected by conductors to become two equidistant and non-touching electrode groups. - Referring now to FIG. 8, it shows a measuring method, wherein the subject is connected to the circuit as an impedance element Rm for measuring body impedance and dielectric constant of body endermic tissues. The testee's two feet contact two (groups of)
electrode plates 27 simultaneously and respectively. Then the human body is connected as a two end impedance element Rm with positive feedbackRC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance, and a loop is formed at and below the human body waist region. The oscillating frequency of the oscillator circuit is related to the impedance element Rm. By changing parameters of other elements of oscillator circuit, several different frequency signals are obtained related to body impedances, then the body impedances corresponding to several different frequencies are determined. When the testee's foot soles contact twocapacitance grid sensors 28, capacitor Cm is formed, and the positive feedbackRC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance connected with Cm generates oscillating frequency signals related to dielectric constant of body endermic tissues, then this kind of frequency digital signals are dealt with by sampling and the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues is determined. - Referring now to FIG. 9, it shows the system configuration of circuit for measuring dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance by using undetermined frequencies. Human body impedance Rm is coupled to the positive feedback
RC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance, capacitor Cm formed by capacitance grid sensor together with capacitors C1, C2, . . . Cn, which are different in values, are introduced to switchcircuit 30.Switch circuit 30 is introduced to the positive feedbackRC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance. By switching C1, C2, . . . Cn incircuit 30 to the positive feedbackRC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance, oscillating signals of multiple undetermined frequencies related to Rm are generated, then body impedances can be measured corresponding to different frequencies. By switchingcircuit 30 Cm is introduced to the positive feedbackRC oscillator circuit 14 for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance and dielectric constant of body endermic tissues can be measured. The principle is described as follows: -
-
-
-
- where δ is the electrode distance of capacitance grid sensor, ε0 is vacuum dielectric constant: A is electrode area forming the capacitance of capacitance grid.
- Referring now to FIG. 10, it is a schematic view showing the circuit for measuring the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues in the positive feedback RC oscillator circuit for measuring dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance. The circuit is made up of two invertors, capacitor Ca, resistor Ra, body impedance Rm and capacitance grid sensor Cm in contact with human's soles. The connection between capacitance grid sensor Cm and capacitor Ca is in series, and the other ends of the series circuit are respectively connected with the output end of one invertor and input end of the other invertor. The connection between Ra and Rm is in series, and and the other ends of the series circuit are respectively connected with the input end and the output end of one invertor. The input end of one invertor is connected with the output end of the other invertor.
- Referring now to FIG. 11, it is a schematic view showing the circuit for measuring the body impedance in the positive feedback RC oscillator circuit for measuring dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance. The circuit comprises two invertors, resistor Ra, capacitor Ca and body impedance Rm. The capacitance grid sensor Cm is a short-circuit capacitance in the circuit. The input end of one invertor is connected with the output end of the other invertor, between the joint of the two inventors and the input end of the invertor, the series-wound circuit comprised by resistor Ra and body impedance Rm is introduced. The two ends of the capacitor Ca are connected respectively with the two invertors' two ends that are not connected with each other. The oscillating frequency of the oscillator circuit can change with the different body impedance Rm.
- Referring now to FIG. 12, it is a schematic view showing another kind of circuit for measuring the body impedance in the positive feedback RC oscillator circuit for measuring dielectric constant of body endermic tissues and body impedance. The circuit comprises one D trigger, resistors Ra1 and Ra2, capacitor Ca1 and body impedance Rm. The body impedance Rm is in series connection with resistor Ra1 and then in parallel connection with resistor Ra2. The one end of the circuit in series-parallel connection is connected with the invert end of the D trigger, and another end is connected with the CD end, CLK end, and GND end of the D trigger. The oscillating frequency of the oscillator circuit can change with the different body impedance Rm.
- Referring now to FIG. 13, it shows the circuit system based upon the display apparatus shown in FIG. 6.
Keyboard 34,display 35 and infrared emitting-receivingcircuit 32 are all connected with corresponding interfaces ofMCU system 31 of the display apparatus. - Referring now to FIG. 14, it shows the configuration of infrared signal transmitting circuit configuration of measuring apparatus based upon the measuring mode shown in FIG. 1B. Electrical signal is input from the base electrode of audion T1, the collectors of audion T1 and T2 are connected with one port of
infrared emitter 36, and the other port ofinfrared emitter 36 is connected with current-limiting resistor R1,infrared emitter 36 emits infrared data signal 7.Infrared receiver 38 receives the infrared instruction signal emitted by display apparatus when operated, and converts the infrared signal to electrical signal, which is then transmitted frominfrared receiver 38 to the base electrode of audion T3. The collector of audion T3 is connected with the input level ofdecoder 37. The output level ofdecoder 37 is connected withMCU system 20 of the measuring apparatus. This circuit makes measuring apparatus realize the two-direction transition of infrared signal. - Referring now to FIG. 15, it shows the configuration of infrared signal transmitting circuit in display apparatus. Infrared receiver receives the data signal emitted from measuring apparatus, and the data signal is converted to electrical signal, which is then transmitted from
infrared receiver 29 to the base electrode of audion T7. The collector of audion T7 is connected with the interface ofMCU system 31 of the display apparatus. The interface ofMCU system 31 of the display apparatus sends electrical signal to the input interface ofencoder 39, whose output interface is connected with the base electrode of audion T5. The collectors of audion T5 and T6 are connected with one port ofinfrared emitter 33, and the other port ofinfrared emitter 33 is connected with current-limiting resistor R4.Infrared emitter 33 emitsinfrared instruction signal 7. This circuit makes display apparatus realize the two-direction transition of infrared signal. - The advantages of the present invention are: 1. To jointly evaluate body composition by using the two measuring parameters of body impedance by measurement and the dielectric constant of body endermic tissues measured by the capacitance grid sensor in contact with the human body's skin, so to decrease the uncertainty caused by assessment using only one measured parameter; 2. To measure the body impedance and dielectric constant of body endermic tissues based on the method of frequency digital sampling, so to leave out the A/D converting part and to improve the measuring accuracy; 3. To measure body impedance by using non-fixed multiple frequency method, so to make the body difference to be indicated more obviously in body impedance difference and to indicate the body composition status genuinely. The apparatus of the present invention is used to conveniently monitor the body composition in everyday life.
Claims (16)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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EP02028205A EP1329190B1 (en) | 2002-12-14 | 2002-12-14 | Apparatus and method for monitoring body composition by measuring body dielectric constant and body impedance based on digital frequency sampling |
EP02028205.9 | 2002-12-14 |
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- 2002-12-14 AT AT02028205T patent/ATE485763T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-14 EP EP02028205A patent/EP1329190B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-14 DE DE60238105T patent/DE60238105D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
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- 2003-12-04 US US10/727,677 patent/US7483735B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-10 JP JP2003411914A patent/JP2004195220A/en active Pending
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US20060111645A1 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2006-05-25 | Steven Petrucelli | Two wire oscillator system for determining body empedance |
US7809436B2 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2010-10-05 | Measurement Ltd. | Two wire oscillator system for determining body impedance |
US20110015540A1 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2011-01-20 | Measurement Ltd. | Method utilizing two wire electrode oscillator system for determining body impedance |
US8233975B2 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2012-07-31 | Measurement Ltd. | Method utilizing two wire electrode oscillator system for determining body impedance |
US20080183398A1 (en) * | 2006-11-15 | 2008-07-31 | Steven Petrucelli | Device for detecting and displaying one or more of body weight, body fat percentage, blood pressure, pulse and environmental temperature |
US7831408B2 (en) * | 2006-11-15 | 2010-11-09 | Measurement Ltd. | Device for detecting and displaying one or more of body weight, body fat percentage, blood pressure, pulse and environmental temperature |
US20110054799A1 (en) * | 2006-11-15 | 2011-03-03 | Measurement Ltd. | Device for detecting and displaying one or more of body weight, body fat percentage, blood pressure, pulse and environmental temperature |
US20110196617A1 (en) * | 2006-11-15 | 2011-08-11 | Measurement Ltd. | Removable handheld unit |
US8265901B2 (en) * | 2006-11-15 | 2012-09-11 | Measurement Ltd. | Device for detecting and displaying one or more of body weight, body fat percentage, blood pressure, pulse and environmental temperature |
US9186073B2 (en) | 2006-11-15 | 2015-11-17 | Measurement Ltd. | Removable handheld unit |
CN103328054A (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2013-09-25 | 测量有限公司 | Removable handheld unit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20040113636A1 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
JP2004195220A (en) | 2004-07-15 |
EP1329190B1 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
DE60238105D1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
ATE485763T1 (en) | 2010-11-15 |
EP1329190A1 (en) | 2003-07-23 |
US7483735B2 (en) | 2009-01-27 |
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