US20040045419A1 - Multi-diamond cutting tool assembly for creating microreplication tools - Google Patents
Multi-diamond cutting tool assembly for creating microreplication tools Download PDFInfo
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- US20040045419A1 US20040045419A1 US10/241,247 US24124702A US2004045419A1 US 20040045419 A1 US20040045419 A1 US 20040045419A1 US 24124702 A US24124702 A US 24124702A US 2004045419 A1 US2004045419 A1 US 2004045419A1
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- cutting
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- tool assembly
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B29/00—Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
- B23B29/24—Tool holders for a plurality of cutting tools, e.g. turrets
- B23B29/26—Tool holders in fixed position
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B5/00—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D79/00—Methods, machines, or devices not covered elsewhere, for working metal by removal of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
- B23B2200/16—Supporting or bottom surfaces
- B23B2200/163—Supporting or bottom surfaces discontinuous
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
- B23B2200/16—Supporting or bottom surfaces
- B23B2200/167—Supporting or bottom surfaces with serrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C59/007—Forming single grooves or ribs, e.g. tear lines, weak spots
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49995—Shaping one-piece blank by removing material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
- Y10T409/30—Milling
- Y10T409/303752—Process
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T83/00—Cutting
- Y10T83/04—Processes
Definitions
- the invention relates to diamond machining of microreplication tools used in creating microreplicated structures.
- Microreplication tools are commonly used for extrusion processes, injection molding processes, embossing processes, casting processes, or the like, to create microreplicated structures.
- the microreplicated structures may comprise optical films, abrasive films, adhesive films, mechanical fasteners having self-mating profiles, or any molded or extruded parts having microreplicated features of relatively small dimensions, such as dimensions less than approximately 1000 microns.
- Microreplication tools include casting belts, casting rollers, injection molds, extrusion or embossing tools, and the like. Microreplication tools can be created by a diamond machining process in which a cutting tool assembly is used to cut grooves or other features into the microreplication tool. The process of creating a microreplication tool using a cutting tool assembly can be costly and time consuming.
- the invention is directed to cutting tool assemblies that include multiple diamonds.
- the cutting tool assembly having multiple diamonds can be used in creating microreplication tools or other work pieces.
- the multiple diamonds of the cutting tool assembly can be used to create multiple grooves or other features in a microreplication tool during a single cutting pass of the assembly.
- a cutting tool assembly with multiple diamonds can reduce production time and/or create more complex patterns.
- the cutting tool assembly may include a mounting structure and multiple tool shanks mounted in the mounting structure.
- Each of the tool shanks can define a diamond tip used as a cutting tip of the cutting tool assembly.
- the diamond cutting tips of the tool shanks may be precisely formed to correspond to grooves or other features to be created in the microreplication tool.
- the tool shanks may be precisely positioned in the mounting structure such that cutting locations of the tips of the different diamonds are one or more pitch spacings apart from one another. Accordingly, the different diamond tips of the cutting tool assembly may correspond to different grooves or features to be created in the microreplication tool with pitch spacings defined by the cutting locations of the diamond tips.
- the creation of the microreplication tool may be improved or simplified.
- fewer cutting passes of the cutting tool assembly may be needed to cut the grooves in the microreplication tool, which can reduce tooling costs.
- the cutting tool assembly includes two diamonds, the number of passes required to cut the grooves in the microreplication tool can be reduced by one-half.
- the different diamond tips may define different features to be created in the microreplication tool.
- the use of different cutting tool assemblies to create two or more physically distinct features may be avoided, and a single assembly can be used instead to create two or more physically distinct features in the microreplication tool.
- Such techniques may improve the quality of the microreplication tool and can reduce the time and costs associated with the creation of the microreplication tool, which in turn, may effectively reduce the costs associated with the ultimate creation of microreplicated structures.
- FIG. 1 is a top view of a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly configured for fly-cutting.
- FIG. 2 is a top view of a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly configured for plunge or thread cutting.
- FIG. 3 is a more detailed top cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly configured for fly-cutting.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are more detailed top cross-sectional views of embodiments of a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly configured for plunge or thread cutting.
- FIG. 6 is a front view of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 7 is a conceptual perspective view of a multi-diamond fly cutting tool assembly simultaneously cutting two grooves during the creation of a microreplication tool.
- FIG. 8 is a conceptual perspective view of a multi-diamond plunge or thread cutting tool assembly simultaneously cutting two grooves during the creation of a microreplication tool.
- FIG. 9 is another top view of a multi-diamond plunge or thread cutting tool assembly.
- FIG. 10 is another top view of a multi-diamond fly cutting tool assembly.
- FIGS. 11 A- 11 C are various cross-sectional top views illustrating a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly cutting grooves into a work piece, and the resultant grooves and protrusions that can be formed in the work piece.
- FIGS. 12 A- 12 D are additional cross-sectional top views illustrating a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly cutting grooves into a work piece, and the resultant grooves and protrusions that can be formed in the work piece.
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a diamond that can be used in a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly.
- FIGS. 14 - 27 are additional cross-sectional top views illustrating multi-diamond cutting tool assemblies according to various embodiments of the invention.
- the invention is directed to cutting tool assemblies that include multiple diamonds.
- the cutting tool assembly can be used to create microreplication tools or other work pieces.
- the cutting tool assembly can be used to cut a plurality of grooves or other features during the creation of a microreplication tool with a single cutting pass of the cutting tool assembly.
- the cutting time associated with the creation of a microreplication tool can be reduced, or more complex patterns can be formed in a given period of time.
- the production cycle associated with the ultimate creation of microreplication structures can be reduced, and the production process may be simplified.
- the different diamonds may define different features to be created in the microreplication tool. In that case, the use of distinct cutting tool assemblies may be avoided, and a single, multi-faceted cutting tool assembly can be used instead to create two or more physically distinct features in the microreplication tool.
- the cutting tool assembly may include a mounting structure, and multiple tool shanks mounted in the mounting structure. Each tool shank defines a distinct diamond tip, and the different tips may correspond to different grooves or other features to be created in the microreplication tool.
- the cutting tool assembly may assume different configurations, depending on whether it is designed for fly-cutting or plunge or thread cutting.
- the tips of the diamonds in the tool shanks can be formed using lapping techniques, grinding techniques, or focused ion beam milling processes. Various shapes and sizes of the diamond tips are also described, which may be useful in the creation of different microreplication tools. Focused ion beam milling processes, in particular, may be used to perfect the desired shapes of the diamond tips with extreme accuracy.
- the different tool shanks of the cutting tool assembly can be mounted in a mounting structure using microscopic positioning techniques.
- the techniques may involve the use of a tooling microscope with positioning controls.
- the microscope can be used to identify and measure the position of the diamond tips relative to one another so that the tool shanks can be properly positioned within the mounting structure.
- Positioning feedback can be provided to quantify the positioning of the diamond tips, e.g., in the form of a digital readout, analog readout, graphic display, or the like.
- the feedback can be used to precisely position the different tool shanks in the mounting structure. Once positioned, the tool shanks can be secured in the mounting structure by any suitable securing mechanism.
- the tool shanks can be positioned in the mounting structure such that a cutting location of a first diamond tip is a defined distance from a cutting location of a second diamond tip.
- the defined distance may correspond to an integer number of pitch spacings, and may be accurate to within a tolerance of less than approximately 10 microns.
- the use of a microscope and positioning feedback to precisely position the multiple tool shanks within the mounting structure can ensure placement of the diamond tips relative to one another to tolerances required for effective tooling of microreplication tools.
- positioning to locations within tolerances of less than 10 microns, and more preferably less than 1 micron can be achieved.
- positioning of the diamond tips to locations relative to one another within tolerances on the order of 0.5 microns can be achieved using a tooling microscope like that described herein.
- Such precision placement is desirable for effective creation of microreplication tools that can be used for creating a wide variety of microreplicated structures such as microreplicated optical films, microreplicated mechanical fasteners, microreplicated abrasive films, microreplicated adhesive films, or the like.
- the creation of cutting tool assemblies having multiple diamonds in the assembly can improve and simplify the creation of microreplication tools by reducing the number of cutting passes of the assembly needed to create the grooves on the microreplication tool. Such simplification can effectively reduce the costs associated with the ultimate creation of microreplicated structures.
- FIG. 1 is a top view of a cutting tool assembly 10 that includes two tool shanks 12 and 13 mounted in a mounting structure 14 .
- Cutting tool assembly 10 is configured for flycutting in which assembly 10 is rotated about an axis 15 .
- assembly 10 may be mountable to a drive shaft 16 , which can be driven by a motor of a tooling machine (not shown) to rotate assembly 10 .
- Mounting structure 14 may comprise a structure for holding tool shanks 12 and 13 , that have diamond tips 17 , 18 .
- the shanks 12 , 13 may be formed from a metallic or composite material, and diamonds can be secured to shanks 12 , 13 by a substantially permanent securing mechanism.
- mounting structure 14 may include features to enable attachment to drive shaft 16 .
- a substantially permanent securing mechanism can be used such as, brazing, soldering, an adhesive such as an epoxy, or the like.
- the tool shanks 12 , 13 with diamond tips 17 , 18 can then be mounted in mounting structure 14 via a temporary securing mechanism such as one or more bolts, clamps or set screws.
- brazing, soldering, an adhesive such as an epoxy, or another more permanent securing mechanism may be used to secure tool shanks 12 , 13 in mounting structure 14 .
- Mounting structure 14 may have a shape that allows cutting tool assembly 10 to be inserted into a diamond tooling machine.
- the diamond tooling machine may be a diamond turning machine configured for fly-cutting in which the cutting tool assembly is rotated about an axis via drive shaft 16 .
- Each diamond tip 17 and 18 of tool shanks 12 and 13 defines a separate cutting mechanism that defines the creation of a distinct feature of a work piece such as a groove in a microreplication tool being created.
- cutting tool assembly 10 includes two tool shanks 12 , 13 , each having one diamond tip 17 and 18 , although additional tool shanks with diamond tips may be used in accordance with the principles of the invention.
- the principles described below may be extended for use with diamonds that define more than one cutting tip per diamond.
- the tool shanks 12 and 13 are positioned in mounting structure 14 such that a cutting location of tip 17 of tool shank 12 is a defined distance from a cutting location of tip 18 of tool shank 13 .
- the defined distance may correspond to an integer number of pitch spacings.
- pitch when used herein is reserved for reference to the distance between two adjacent features to be created in a work piece.
- the distance Y would be equal to the pitch of features in a work piece when the integer X is chosen to be equal to one.
- Tool shanks 12 and 13 can be positioned in mounting structure 14 such that a cutting location of diamond tip 17 of tool shank 12 is an integer number of pitch spacings from a cutting location of diamond tip 18 of tool shank 13 . More specifically, diamond tips 17 , 18 can be positioned relative to one another to within a tolerance of less than 10 microns, or less than 1 micron, such as to a tolerance on the order of 0.5 microns. Such precision placement may be desirable for effective creation of microreplication tools used for creating microreplicated structures such as optical films, adhesive films, abrasive films, mechanical fasteners, or the like.
- the pitch spacing may be less than approximately 5000 microns, less than approximately 1000 microns, less than approximately 500 microns, less than approximately 200 microns, less than approximately 100 microns, less than approximately 50 microns, less than approximately 10 microns, less than approximately 5 microns, less than approximately 1 micron, and may approach the tolerance of 0.5 micron spacing of diamond tips 17 , 18 .
- FIG. 2 is a top view of a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly configured for plunge or thread cutting.
- plunge cutting cutting tool assembly 20 is plunged into a moving work piece at defined locations for intervals of time before moving to other locations to cut various grooves or other features.
- Thread cutting is similar to plunge cutting. However, in thread cutting, cutting tool assembly 20 is displaced into a moving work piece for longer periods of time to cut long threaded grooves.
- Cutting tool assembly 20 may also be used for scribing or ruling, in which case cutting tool assembly 20 is displaced through a work piece very slowly.
- cutting tool assembly 20 of FIG. 2 includes multiple tool shanks 22 and 23 secured within a mounting structure 24 .
- a substantially permanent securing mechanism can be used such as, brazing, soldering, an adhesive such as an epoxy, or the like.
- the tool shanks 22 , 23 with diamond tips 28 , 29 can then be mounted in mounting structure 24 via a temporary securing mechanism such as one or more bolts, clamps or set screws.
- brazing, soldering, an adhesive such as an epoxy, or another more permanent securing mechanism may be used to secure tool shanks 22 , 23 in mounting structure 24 .
- Mounting structure 24 may have a shape that allows cutting tool assembly 20 to be inserted into a diamond tooling machine configured for plunge cutting, thread cutting, scribing or ruling.
- FIG. 3 is a more detailed top cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly configured for fly-cutting.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are more detailed top cross-sectional view of embodiments of a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly configured for plunge or thread cutting.
- FIG. 6 is a front view of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5.
- mounting structure 14 , 24 A, 24 B may include one or more areas 35 A, 35 B, 35 C, 35 D (collectively areas 35 ) to receive the respective tool shanks. Areas 35 may be slightly larger than the respective tool shanks in order to ensure that the tool shanks can be moved within the areas to properly position the diamond tips before the shanks are fixed in place.
- One or more spacers 41 (FIG. 4) may also be positioned in areas 35 , if desired.
- a tooling microscope can be used.
- a Nikon Tool Maker's Microscope commercially available from Fryer Company of Edina, Minn. includes controlling dials for micro-measuring distances of the diamond cutting tips of tool shanks relative to one another.
- feedback of the positioning can be provided and quantified by a Quadra Chex 2000 digital readout device, commercially available from Metronics Inc. of Manchester N.H., in order to ensure that variable Y is defined to within the accuracy required for effective creation of microreplication tools.
- the use of Nikon Tool Maker's Microscope and the Quadra Chex 2000 digital readout device can measure precision alignment of the tool shanks within the mounting structure such that diamond tips associated with the tool shanks are positioned relative to one another to within tolerances on the order of 0.5 microns.
- achieving alignment of the diamond tips to tolerances less than 10 microns, and more preferably less than 1 micron is desirable to create effective microreplication tools that can be used to create optical films, mechanical fasteners, abrasive films, adhesive films or the like.
- This micro-positioning can be achieved both laterally and vertically so that the diamond tips are correctly positioned laterally relative to one another to define the desired pitch, and vertically relative to one another to ensure desired cutting heights for the respective tips. Both lateral and vertical positioning can be achieved to within the tolerances described herein.
- the tool shanks can be secured into the mounting structure via one or more bolts, clamps, or set screws. Alternatively, brazing, soldering, an adhesive such as an epoxy, or any other securing mechanism can be used.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 are conceptual perspective views of multi-diamond cutting tool assemblies 10 , 20 used to simultaneously cut two grooves during the creation of a microreplication tool 72 A (FIG. 7) or 72 B (FIG. 8).
- the respective microreplication tool 72 comprises a casting roll, although other microreplication tools such as casting belts, injection molds, extrusion or embossing tools, or other work pieces could also be created using cutting tool assembly 10 or cutting tool assembly 20 .
- cutting tool assembly 10 may be secured to a drive shaft 16 which is attached to a motor (not shown) to rotate cutting tool assembly 10 about an axis.
- Cutting tool assembly 10 may also be moved relative to microreplication tool 72 A in lateral directions (as illustrated by the arrows). At the same time, microreplication tool 72 A may be rotated about an axis. As cutting tool assembly 10 is rotated, diamond tips 18 and 17 cut into the microreplication tool 72 A in an alternating manner. Accordingly, two grooves are formed in a single cutting pass of cutting tool assembly 10 along microreplication tool 72 A.
- cutting tool assembly 20 may be secured in a diamond tooling machine 74 that positions the cutting tool assembly 20 relative to microreplication tool 72 B, and moves the cutting tool assembly 20 , e.g., in lateral directions (as illustrated by the arrows) relative to the microreplication tool 72 B.
- microreplication tool 72 B may be rotated about an axis.
- Diamond tooling machine 74 may be configured to pass the cutting tool assembly 20 into a rotating microreplication tool 72 B via plunge or thread cutting techniques in order to cut grooves in the microreplication tool 72 B.
- diamond tooling machine 74 may be configured for scribing or ruling, in which cutting tool assembly 20 is displaced through a work piece very slowly.
- grooves can be cut, and protrusions can be formed on the work piece.
- the formed grooves and protrusions may define the ultimate form of microreplicated structures created using the microreplication tool 72 A (FIG. 7) or 72 B (FIG. 8), for example, during an extrusion process.
- the formed grooves and protrusions may form features by displacement of material in a work piece other than a microreplication tool.
- the use of a fast tool servo could be employed between cutting tool assembly 20 and the machine tool 74 that receives the cutting tool assembly. For example, the fast tool servo can vibrate the cutting tool assembly 20 for creating of particular microstructures in microreplication tool 72 B.
- the cutting tool assembly 10 , 20 implements multiple tool shanks, and thus multiple diamond cutting tips, fewer passes of the cutting tool assembly are needed to cut the grooves on the microreplication tool. This can reduce production costs and speed the production cycle associated with creation of microreplication tools. Creation of a work piece can take hours if not days in some cases. Incorporation of two or more diamond cutting tips within cutting tool assembly 10 , 20 for simultaneous cutting of grooves can reduce the production cycle to a fraction of that time.
- the cutting tool assembly includes two tool shanks each a defining diamond cutting tip (as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8)
- the number of passes required to cut grooves in the microreplication tool 72 can be reduced by one-half relative to an assembly that includes a single tool shank. Additional tool shanks may add further benefits in a similar manner. Also, multiple tips may be formed on one or both of the diamonds, which may add similar productivity benefits. Reducing costs associated with the creation of the microreplication tool 72 , in turn, may effectively reduce the costs associated with the ultimate creation of microreplicated structures.
- the diamond tips of the tool shanks 12 , 13 or 22 , 23 may also be subject to a wide variety of sizes.
- the sizes of the tips may be defined by one or more variables as illustrated in FIG. 9, including the cutting height (H), the cutting width (W), and variable (Y) defined above.
- the cutting height (H) defines the maximum depth that the diamond can cut in a work piece, and may also be referred to as the cutting depth.
- the cutting width (W) may be defined as the average cutting width, or as labeled in FIG. 9, the maximum cutting width of a tip.
- the variable (Y) refers to the distance between adjacent tips, and is defined to be an integer number of pitch spacings. Another quantity that can be used to define the size of the cutting tips is referred to as the aspect ratio.
- the aspect ratio is the ratio of height (H) to width (W).
- the height (H) and/or the width (W) can be formed to be less than approximately 500 microns, less than approximately 200 microns, less than approximately 100 microns, less than approximately 50 microns, less than approximately 10 microns, less than approximately 1.0 micron, or less than approximately 0.1 micron.
- the variable Y may be defined to be less approximately 5000 microns, less than approximately 1000 microns, less than approximately 500 microns, less than approximately 200 microns, less than approximately 100 microns, less than approximately 50 microns, less than approximately 10 microns, less than approximately 5 microns, less than approximately 1.0 micron, and may approach a 0.5 micron tolerance.
- the distance Y may be less than the width of the tool shank, and may even be less than the cutting width W associated with the diamond tip.
- the aspect ratio may be defined to be greater than approximately 1:5, greater than approximately 1:2, greater than approximately 1:1, greater than approximately 2:1, or greater than approximately 5:1. Larger or smaller aspect ratios may also be achieved using focused ion beam milling. These different shapes and sizes may be advantageous for various applications.
- Focused ion beam milling refers to a process in which ions, such as gallium ions, are accelerated toward the diamond in order to mill away atoms of the diamond (sometimes referred to as ablation).
- the acceleration of gallium ions may remove atoms from the diamond on an atom by atom basis.
- Vapor enhancing techniques using water vapors may also be used to improve the focused ion beam milling process.
- One suitable focused ion beam milling machine is the Micrion model 9500, commercially available from FEI Inc. of Portland Oreg.
- focused ion beam milling can be performed to create precision tipped diamonds that correspond to the features to be created.
- One exemplary provider of focused ion milling services that may be used to create one or more ion beam milled diamonds is Materials Analytical Services of Raleigh, N.C.
- Focused ion beam milling is generally very expensive. Therefore, to reduce the costs associated with the creation of a multi-tipped diamond, it is desirable to initially process the diamond tip to be ion beam milled prior to submitting the diamond tip to the focused ion beam milling process. For example, less expensive techniques such as lapping or grinding may be used to remove significant portions of the diamond tip. The focused ion beam milling process may ensure that one or more of the dimensions or features listed above can be achieved. Still, by initially processing the diamond tip prior to focused ion beam milling, the amount of focused ion beam milling time required to create the final ion beam milled diamond tip can be reduced. Lapping refers to a process of removing material from the diamond using a loose abrasive, whereas grinding refers to a process in which material is removed from the diamond using an abrasive that is fixed in a medium or substrate.
- FIGS. 11 A- 11 C are cross-sectional top views illustrating a cutting tool assembly 110 cutting grooves into a work piece 112 .
- the distance (Y) quantified above would be equal to the pitch.
- the integer value (X) defined above would be equal to one, and thus because:
- FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional top view illustrating a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly 110 cutting a first set of grooves into work piece 112
- FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional top views illustrating cutting tool assembly 110 cutting a second set of grooves into work piece 112
- FIG. 11C is a top view illustrating the created work piece after only two passes of cutting tool assembly 110 .
- Work piece 112 may correspond to a microreplication tool as outlined above, although the invention is not necessarily limited in that respect.
- FIGS. 12 A- 12 D are cross-sectional top views illustrating a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly 120 cutting grooves into a work piece 122 .
- the integer value (X) defined above would be equal to 3, and thus because:
- FIG. 12A is a cross-sectional top view illustrating cutting tool assembly 120 cutting a first set of grooves into work piece 122
- FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional top view illustrating cutting tool assembly 120 cutting a second set of grooves into work piece 122
- FIG. 12C is a cross-sectional top view illustrating cutting tool assembly 120 cutting a third set of grooves into work piece 122
- FIG. 12D is a top view illustrating the created work piece after only three passes of cutting tool assembly 120 .
- work piece 122 may correspond to a microreplication tool as outlined above, although the invention is not necessarily limited in that respect.
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a diamond 130 that can be secured into a tool shank and then used in a cutting tool assembly.
- Diamond 130 may correspond to any of diamond tips 17 , 18 , 28 , 29 described above.
- diamond 130 may define a cutting tip 132 defined by at least three surfaces (S 1 -S 3 ).
- Surfaces S 1 , S 2 and S 3 may be created by grinding or lapping techniques, and may be perfected by focused ion beam milling techniques.
- FIGS. 14 - 27 are top views of cutting tool assemblies according to various embodiments of the invention.
- FIGS. 14, 16, 18 , 20 , 22 , 24 and 26 illustrate assemblies configured for plunge cutting, thread cutting, scribing or ruling
- FIGS. 15, 17, 19 , 21 , 23 , 25 and 27 illustrate assemblies configured for flycutting.
- the tips of the diamonds in the respective tool shanks may be formed to have any of a wide variety of shapes and sizes.
- diamond tips 145 - 148 of tool shanks 141 - 144 may define substantially rectangular shapes.
- diamond tips 165 - 168 of tool shanks 161 - 164 may define tapered shapes with flat tops.
- the side walls defined by diamond tips 165 - 168 may taper such that diamond tips 165 - 168 define pyramid-like shapes with flat tops.
- the side walls defined by diamond tips 165 - 168 may form obtuse angles relative to the surface of mounting structures 169 , 170 .
- diamond tips 185 - 188 of tool shanks 181 - 184 define undercut side walls.
- side walls defined by diamonds 185 - 188 may form acute angles relative to the surface of mounting structures 189 , 190 .
- the different diamond tips 203 , 204 , 205 , 206 of tool shanks 201 and 202 (FIG. 20) and 211 and 212 (FIG. 21) may define different shapes and sizes.
- a shape of the first diamond tip 203 , 205 defined by first tool shank 201 , 211 may be substantially different from a shape of the second diamond tip 204 , 206 defined by second tool shank 202 , 212 .
- Such a configuration may be particularly useful for the creation of optical films.
- the first diamond tip 203 , 205 defined by first tool shank 201 , 211 may define a first optical characteristic to be created in the optical film
- the second diamond tip 204 , 206 defined by second tool shank 202 , 212 may define a second optical characteristic to be created in the optical film. Additional diamonds assuming various other shapes may add similar benefits. For example, as shown in FIGS.
- three or more tool shanks 221 , 222 , 223 (FIG. 22), 231 , 232 , 233 (FIG. 23) may be positioned in a mounting structure 224 , 234 to define three or more diamond tips for simultaneously cutting grooves during a single cutting pass of the tool.
- two or more diamonds may be secured in a tool shank as described herein, and then used to cut the same groove, e.g., with deeper and deeper cuts being made by different diamonds during subsequent passes of the tool.
- a first diamond in the sank may cut a shallow groove with a second diamond in the shank cutting the same groove to a deeper depth during the next pass.
- Other shapes may also be cut during such subsequent passes.
- one or both of the tool shanks 241 , 242 may be formed with diamonds that define multiple tips per diamond.
- tool shanks 242 , 252 , 261 , 262 , 271 and 272 are formed with multi-tipped diamonds.
- multi-tipped ion beam milled diamonds as described in copending and commonly assigned U.S. application Ser. No. 10/159,925, filed May 29, 2002 for Bryan et al.
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to diamond machining of microreplication tools used in creating microreplicated structures.
- Diamond machining techniques can be used to create a wide variety of work pieces such as microreplication tools. Microreplication tools are commonly used for extrusion processes, injection molding processes, embossing processes, casting processes, or the like, to create microreplicated structures. The microreplicated structures may comprise optical films, abrasive films, adhesive films, mechanical fasteners having self-mating profiles, or any molded or extruded parts having microreplicated features of relatively small dimensions, such as dimensions less than approximately 1000 microns.
- Microreplication tools include casting belts, casting rollers, injection molds, extrusion or embossing tools, and the like. Microreplication tools can be created by a diamond machining process in which a cutting tool assembly is used to cut grooves or other features into the microreplication tool. The process of creating a microreplication tool using a cutting tool assembly can be costly and time consuming.
- In general, the invention is directed to cutting tool assemblies that include multiple diamonds. The cutting tool assembly having multiple diamonds can be used in creating microreplication tools or other work pieces. In particular, the multiple diamonds of the cutting tool assembly can be used to create multiple grooves or other features in a microreplication tool during a single cutting pass of the assembly. With the ability to form multiple features in a single cutting pass, a cutting tool assembly with multiple diamonds can reduce production time and/or create more complex patterns.
- The cutting tool assembly may include a mounting structure and multiple tool shanks mounted in the mounting structure. Each of the tool shanks can define a diamond tip used as a cutting tip of the cutting tool assembly. The diamond cutting tips of the tool shanks may be precisely formed to correspond to grooves or other features to be created in the microreplication tool. Moreover, the tool shanks may be precisely positioned in the mounting structure such that cutting locations of the tips of the different diamonds are one or more pitch spacings apart from one another. Accordingly, the different diamond tips of the cutting tool assembly may correspond to different grooves or features to be created in the microreplication tool with pitch spacings defined by the cutting locations of the diamond tips.
- By using multiple diamond cutting tips in the same assembly, the creation of the microreplication tool may be improved or simplified. In particular, fewer cutting passes of the cutting tool assembly may be needed to cut the grooves in the microreplication tool, which can reduce tooling costs. For example, if the cutting tool assembly includes two diamonds, the number of passes required to cut the grooves in the microreplication tool can be reduced by one-half.
- In addition, in some embodiments, the different diamond tips may define different features to be created in the microreplication tool. In that case, the use of different cutting tool assemblies to create two or more physically distinct features may be avoided, and a single assembly can be used instead to create two or more physically distinct features in the microreplication tool. Such techniques may improve the quality of the microreplication tool and can reduce the time and costs associated with the creation of the microreplication tool, which in turn, may effectively reduce the costs associated with the ultimate creation of microreplicated structures.
- Additional details of these and other embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects and advantages will become apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
- FIG. 1 is a top view of a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly configured for fly-cutting.
- FIG. 2 is a top view of a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly configured for plunge or thread cutting.
- FIG. 3 is a more detailed top cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly configured for fly-cutting.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are more detailed top cross-sectional views of embodiments of a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly configured for plunge or thread cutting.
- FIG. 6 is a front view of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 7 is a conceptual perspective view of a multi-diamond fly cutting tool assembly simultaneously cutting two grooves during the creation of a microreplication tool.
- FIG. 8 is a conceptual perspective view of a multi-diamond plunge or thread cutting tool assembly simultaneously cutting two grooves during the creation of a microreplication tool.
- FIG. 9 is another top view of a multi-diamond plunge or thread cutting tool assembly.
- FIG. 10 is another top view of a multi-diamond fly cutting tool assembly.
- FIGS.11A-11C are various cross-sectional top views illustrating a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly cutting grooves into a work piece, and the resultant grooves and protrusions that can be formed in the work piece.
- FIGS.12A-12D are additional cross-sectional top views illustrating a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly cutting grooves into a work piece, and the resultant grooves and protrusions that can be formed in the work piece.
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a diamond that can be used in a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly.
- FIGS.14-27 are additional cross-sectional top views illustrating multi-diamond cutting tool assemblies according to various embodiments of the invention.
- The invention is directed to cutting tool assemblies that include multiple diamonds. The cutting tool assembly can be used to create microreplication tools or other work pieces. In particular, the cutting tool assembly can be used to cut a plurality of grooves or other features during the creation of a microreplication tool with a single cutting pass of the cutting tool assembly. Thus, the cutting time associated with the creation of a microreplication tool can be reduced, or more complex patterns can be formed in a given period of time. In this manner, the production cycle associated with the ultimate creation of microreplication structures can be reduced, and the production process may be simplified. In addition, in some embodiments, the different diamonds may define different features to be created in the microreplication tool. In that case, the use of distinct cutting tool assemblies may be avoided, and a single, multi-faceted cutting tool assembly can be used instead to create two or more physically distinct features in the microreplication tool.
- The cutting tool assembly may include a mounting structure, and multiple tool shanks mounted in the mounting structure. Each tool shank defines a distinct diamond tip, and the different tips may correspond to different grooves or other features to be created in the microreplication tool. The cutting tool assembly may assume different configurations, depending on whether it is designed for fly-cutting or plunge or thread cutting.
- The tips of the diamonds in the tool shanks can be formed using lapping techniques, grinding techniques, or focused ion beam milling processes. Various shapes and sizes of the diamond tips are also described, which may be useful in the creation of different microreplication tools. Focused ion beam milling processes, in particular, may be used to perfect the desired shapes of the diamond tips with extreme accuracy.
- The different tool shanks of the cutting tool assembly can be mounted in a mounting structure using microscopic positioning techniques. For example, the techniques may involve the use of a tooling microscope with positioning controls. The microscope can be used to identify and measure the position of the diamond tips relative to one another so that the tool shanks can be properly positioned within the mounting structure. Positioning feedback can be provided to quantify the positioning of the diamond tips, e.g., in the form of a digital readout, analog readout, graphic display, or the like. The feedback can be used to precisely position the different tool shanks in the mounting structure. Once positioned, the tool shanks can be secured in the mounting structure by any suitable securing mechanism. In this manner, the tool shanks can be positioned in the mounting structure such that a cutting location of a first diamond tip is a defined distance from a cutting location of a second diamond tip. The defined distance may correspond to an integer number of pitch spacings, and may be accurate to within a tolerance of less than approximately 10 microns.
- The use of a microscope and positioning feedback to precisely position the multiple tool shanks within the mounting structure can ensure placement of the diamond tips relative to one another to tolerances required for effective tooling of microreplication tools. In particular, positioning to locations within tolerances of less than 10 microns, and more preferably less than 1 micron can be achieved. Moreover, positioning of the diamond tips to locations relative to one another within tolerances on the order of 0.5 microns can be achieved using a tooling microscope like that described herein. Such precision placement is desirable for effective creation of microreplication tools that can be used for creating a wide variety of microreplicated structures such as microreplicated optical films, microreplicated mechanical fasteners, microreplicated abrasive films, microreplicated adhesive films, or the like.
- The creation of cutting tool assemblies having multiple diamonds in the assembly can improve and simplify the creation of microreplication tools by reducing the number of cutting passes of the assembly needed to create the grooves on the microreplication tool. Such simplification can effectively reduce the costs associated with the ultimate creation of microreplicated structures.
- FIG. 1 is a top view of a
cutting tool assembly 10 that includes twotool shanks structure 14. Cuttingtool assembly 10 is configured for flycutting in whichassembly 10 is rotated about anaxis 15. For example,assembly 10 may be mountable to adrive shaft 16, which can be driven by a motor of a tooling machine (not shown) to rotateassembly 10. Mountingstructure 14 may comprise a structure for holdingtool shanks diamond tips shanks shanks structure 14 may include features to enable attachment to driveshaft 16. - In order to secure the diamonds in
tool shanks diamond tips tool shanks diamond tips structure 14 via a temporary securing mechanism such as one or more bolts, clamps or set screws. Alternatively brazing, soldering, an adhesive such as an epoxy, or another more permanent securing mechanism may be used to securetool shanks structure 14. In any case, the use of a tooling microscope with positioning controls and positioning feedback can ensure thattool shanks structure 14 such thatdiamond tips structure 14 may have a shape that allows cuttingtool assembly 10 to be inserted into a diamond tooling machine. Again, the diamond tooling machine may be a diamond turning machine configured for fly-cutting in which the cutting tool assembly is rotated about an axis viadrive shaft 16. - Each
diamond tip tool shanks tool assembly 10 includes twotool shanks diamond tip - As illustrated in FIG. 1, the
tool shanks structure 14 such that a cutting location oftip 17 oftool shank 12 is a defined distance from a cutting location oftip 18 oftool shank 13. In particular, the defined distance may correspond to an integer number of pitch spacings. In general, the term “pitch” in this disclosure refers to the distance between two adjacent features to be created in a work piece. As shown in FIG. 1, distance Y=X*(Pitch), where X is an integer. The distance Y is also sometimes referred to as a pitch, e.g., the pitch of cuttingtool assembly 10, although such terminology will be generally avoided in this disclosure for clarity. In other words, unless otherwise specified, the term “pitch” when used herein is reserved for reference to the distance between two adjacent features to be created in a work piece. The distance Y would be equal to the pitch of features in a work piece when the integer X is chosen to be equal to one. -
Tool shanks structure 14 such that a cutting location ofdiamond tip 17 oftool shank 12 is an integer number of pitch spacings from a cutting location ofdiamond tip 18 oftool shank 13. More specifically,diamond tips diamond tips - FIG. 2 is a top view of a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly configured for plunge or thread cutting. In plunge cutting, cutting
tool assembly 20 is plunged into a moving work piece at defined locations for intervals of time before moving to other locations to cut various grooves or other features. Thread cutting is similar to plunge cutting. However, in thread cutting, cuttingtool assembly 20 is displaced into a moving work piece for longer periods of time to cut long threaded grooves. Cuttingtool assembly 20 may also be used for scribing or ruling, in which casecutting tool assembly 20 is displaced through a work piece very slowly. - Like
assembly 10 of FIG. 1, cuttingtool assembly 20 of FIG. 2 includesmultiple tool shanks structure 24. In order to secure the diamonds intool shanks diamond tips tool shanks diamond tips structure 24 via a temporary securing mechanism such as one or more bolts, clamps or set screws. Alternatively brazing, soldering, an adhesive such as an epoxy, or another more permanent securing mechanism may be used to securetool shanks structure 24. - The use of a tooling microscope with positioning feedback can ensure that
diamond tips tool shanks structure 24 with the precision required for effective tooling of microreplication tools. Mountingstructure 24 may have a shape that allows cuttingtool assembly 20 to be inserted into a diamond tooling machine configured for plunge cutting, thread cutting, scribing or ruling. - FIG. 3 is a more detailed top cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly configured for fly-cutting. FIGS. 4 and 5 are more detailed top cross-sectional view of embodiments of a multi-diamond cutting tool assembly configured for plunge or thread cutting. FIG. 6 is a front view of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5. In each case, mounting
structure more areas - In order to position the
tool shanks respective mounting structure - In particular, achieving alignment of the diamond tips to tolerances less than 10 microns, and more preferably less than 1 micron is desirable to create effective microreplication tools that can be used to create optical films, mechanical fasteners, abrasive films, adhesive films or the like. This micro-positioning can be achieved both laterally and vertically so that the diamond tips are correctly positioned laterally relative to one another to define the desired pitch, and vertically relative to one another to ensure desired cutting heights for the respective tips. Both lateral and vertical positioning can be achieved to within the tolerances described herein. Once properly positioned under the microscope using the digital readout, the tool shanks can be secured into the mounting structure via one or more bolts, clamps, or set screws. Alternatively, brazing, soldering, an adhesive such as an epoxy, or any other securing mechanism can be used.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 are conceptual perspective views of multi-diamond
cutting tool assemblies microreplication tool 72A (FIG. 7) or 72B (FIG. 8). In the examples of FIGS. 7 and 8, the respective microreplication tool 72 comprises a casting roll, although other microreplication tools such as casting belts, injection molds, extrusion or embossing tools, or other work pieces could also be created usingcutting tool assembly 10 or cuttingtool assembly 20. As shown in FIG. 7, cuttingtool assembly 10 may be secured to adrive shaft 16 which is attached to a motor (not shown) to rotate cuttingtool assembly 10 about an axis. Cuttingtool assembly 10 may also be moved relative tomicroreplication tool 72A in lateral directions (as illustrated by the arrows). At the same time,microreplication tool 72A may be rotated about an axis. As cuttingtool assembly 10 is rotated,diamond tips microreplication tool 72A in an alternating manner. Accordingly, two grooves are formed in a single cutting pass of cuttingtool assembly 10 alongmicroreplication tool 72A. - As shown in FIG. 8, cutting
tool assembly 20 may be secured in adiamond tooling machine 74 that positions thecutting tool assembly 20 relative tomicroreplication tool 72B, and moves thecutting tool assembly 20, e.g., in lateral directions (as illustrated by the arrows) relative to themicroreplication tool 72B. At the same time,microreplication tool 72B may be rotated about an axis.Diamond tooling machine 74 may be configured to pass the cuttingtool assembly 20 into arotating microreplication tool 72B via plunge or thread cutting techniques in order to cut grooves in themicroreplication tool 72B. Alternatively,diamond tooling machine 74 may be configured for scribing or ruling, in whichcutting tool assembly 20 is displaced through a work piece very slowly. In any case, grooves can be cut, and protrusions can be formed on the work piece. The formed grooves and protrusions may define the ultimate form of microreplicated structures created using themicroreplication tool 72A (FIG. 7) or 72B (FIG. 8), for example, during an extrusion process. Alternatively, the formed grooves and protrusions may form features by displacement of material in a work piece other than a microreplication tool. In addition, the use of a fast tool servo could be employed between cuttingtool assembly 20 and themachine tool 74 that receives the cutting tool assembly. For example, the fast tool servo can vibrate thecutting tool assembly 20 for creating of particular microstructures inmicroreplication tool 72B. - Because the
cutting tool assembly tool assembly - For example, if the cutting tool assembly includes two tool shanks each a defining diamond cutting tip (as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8), the number of passes required to cut grooves in the microreplication tool72 can be reduced by one-half relative to an assembly that includes a single tool shank. Additional tool shanks may add further benefits in a similar manner. Also, multiple tips may be formed on one or both of the diamonds, which may add similar productivity benefits. Reducing costs associated with the creation of the microreplication tool 72, in turn, may effectively reduce the costs associated with the ultimate creation of microreplicated structures.
- The diamond tips of the
tool shanks - For example, the height (H) and/or the width (W) can be formed to be less than approximately 500 microns, less than approximately 200 microns, less than approximately 100 microns, less than approximately 50 microns, less than approximately 10 microns, less than approximately 1.0 micron, or less than approximately 0.1 micron. Additionally, the variable Y may be defined to be less approximately 5000 microns, less than approximately 1000 microns, less than approximately 500 microns, less than approximately 200 microns, less than approximately 100 microns, less than approximately 50 microns, less than approximately 10 microns, less than approximately 5 microns, less than approximately 1.0 micron, and may approach a 0.5 micron tolerance. In some cases, as can be appreciated by FIG. 10 (and FIGS. 5 and 6), the distance Y may be less than the width of the tool shank, and may even be less than the cutting width W associated with the diamond tip.
- The aspect ratio may be defined to be greater than approximately 1:5, greater than approximately 1:2, greater than approximately 1:1, greater than approximately 2:1, or greater than approximately 5:1. Larger or smaller aspect ratios may also be achieved using focused ion beam milling. These different shapes and sizes may be advantageous for various applications.
- Focused ion beam milling refers to a process in which ions, such as gallium ions, are accelerated toward the diamond in order to mill away atoms of the diamond (sometimes referred to as ablation). The acceleration of gallium ions may remove atoms from the diamond on an atom by atom basis. Vapor enhancing techniques using water vapors may also be used to improve the focused ion beam milling process. One suitable focused ion beam milling machine is the Micrion model 9500, commercially available from FEI Inc. of Portland Oreg. In general, focused ion beam milling can be performed to create precision tipped diamonds that correspond to the features to be created. One exemplary provider of focused ion milling services that may be used to create one or more ion beam milled diamonds is Materials Analytical Services of Raleigh, N.C.
- Focused ion beam milling is generally very expensive. Therefore, to reduce the costs associated with the creation of a multi-tipped diamond, it is desirable to initially process the diamond tip to be ion beam milled prior to submitting the diamond tip to the focused ion beam milling process. For example, less expensive techniques such as lapping or grinding may be used to remove significant portions of the diamond tip. The focused ion beam milling process may ensure that one or more of the dimensions or features listed above can be achieved. Still, by initially processing the diamond tip prior to focused ion beam milling, the amount of focused ion beam milling time required to create the final ion beam milled diamond tip can be reduced. Lapping refers to a process of removing material from the diamond using a loose abrasive, whereas grinding refers to a process in which material is removed from the diamond using an abrasive that is fixed in a medium or substrate.
- FIGS.11 A-11C are cross-sectional top views illustrating a
cutting tool assembly 110 cutting grooves into awork piece 112. In the example, of FIGS. 11A-11C, the distance (Y) quantified above would be equal to the pitch. In other words, the integer value (X) defined above would be equal to one, and thus because: - Y=(X)* (Pitch),
- Y=Pitch, when X=1.
- In particular, FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional top view illustrating a multi-diamond
cutting tool assembly 110 cutting a first set of grooves intowork piece 112, and FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional top views illustrating cuttingtool assembly 110 cutting a second set of grooves intowork piece 112. FIG. 11C is a top view illustrating the created work piece after only two passes of cuttingtool assembly 110.Work piece 112 may correspond to a microreplication tool as outlined above, although the invention is not necessarily limited in that respect. A similar cutting technique may be performed with a tool configured for fly cutting, with Y=Pitch. - FIGS.12A-12D are cross-sectional top views illustrating a multi-diamond
cutting tool assembly 120 cutting grooves into awork piece 122. In the example of FIGS. 12A-12D, the integer value (X) defined above would be equal to 3, and thus because: - Y=(X)*(Pitch),
- Y=3*Pitch, when X=3.
- In particular, FIG. 12A is a cross-sectional top view illustrating
cutting tool assembly 120 cutting a first set of grooves intowork piece 122, FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional top view illustratingcutting tool assembly 120 cutting a second set of grooves intowork piece 122, and FIG. 12C is a cross-sectional top view illustratingcutting tool assembly 120 cutting a third set of grooves intowork piece 122. FIG. 12D is a top view illustrating the created work piece after only three passes of cuttingtool assembly 120. Again,work piece 122 may correspond to a microreplication tool as outlined above, although the invention is not necessarily limited in that respect. Also, a similar cutting technique may be performed with a cutting tool assembly configured for fly cutting, with Y=3*Pitch. - FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a
diamond 130 that can be secured into a tool shank and then used in a cutting tool assembly.Diamond 130 may correspond to any ofdiamond tips diamond 130 may define acutting tip 132 defined by at least three surfaces (S1-S3). Surfaces S1, S2 and S3 may be created by grinding or lapping techniques, and may be perfected by focused ion beam milling techniques. - FIGS.14-27 are top views of cutting tool assemblies according to various embodiments of the invention. FIGS. 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26 illustrate assemblies configured for plunge cutting, thread cutting, scribing or ruling, whereas FIGS. 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 and 27 illustrate assemblies configured for flycutting. As can be appreciated by the examples of FIGS. 14-27, the tips of the diamonds in the respective tool shanks may be formed to have any of a wide variety of shapes and sizes.
- For example, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, diamond tips145-148 of tool shanks 141-144 may define substantially rectangular shapes. As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 diamond tips 165-168 of tool shanks 161-164 may define tapered shapes with flat tops. In that case, the side walls defined by diamond tips 165-168 may taper such that diamond tips 165-168 define pyramid-like shapes with flat tops. The side walls defined by diamond tips 165-168 may form obtuse angles relative to the surface of mounting
structures - As shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, diamond tips185-188 of tool shanks 181-184 define undercut side walls. In other words, side walls defined by diamonds 185-188 may form acute angles relative to the surface of mounting
structures different diamond tips tool shanks 201 and 202 (FIG. 20) and 211 and 212 (FIG. 21) may define different shapes and sizes. In other words, a shape of thefirst diamond tip first tool shank second diamond tip second tool shank first diamond tip first tool shank second diamond tip second tool shank more tool shanks structure - As can be appreciated by FIGS.24-27, one or both of the
tool shanks 241, 242 (FIG. 24); 251, 252 (FIG. 25); 261, 262 (FIG. 26); or 271, 272 (FIG. 27) may be formed with diamonds that define multiple tips per diamond. In particular, as illustrated,tool shanks
Claims (38)
Priority Applications (10)
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US10/241,247 US20040045419A1 (en) | 2002-09-10 | 2002-09-10 | Multi-diamond cutting tool assembly for creating microreplication tools |
KR1020057004003A KR101046810B1 (en) | 2002-09-10 | 2003-07-02 | Multi-Diamond Cutting Tool Assembly for Microreplication Tool Generation |
AU2003256357A AU2003256357A1 (en) | 2002-09-10 | 2003-07-02 | Multi-diamond cutting tool assembly for creating microreplication tools |
PCT/US2003/020785 WO2004024421A1 (en) | 2002-09-10 | 2003-07-02 | Multi-diamond cutting tool assembly for creating microreplication tools |
BR0313927A BR0313927A (en) | 2002-09-10 | 2003-07-02 | Cutting tool set, diamond machine tool used to create notches in a workpiece, and method |
JP2004535413A JP5230896B2 (en) | 2002-09-10 | 2003-07-02 | Multi-diamond cutting tool assembly for making microreplicated tools |
CNB03821198XA CN100349725C (en) | 2002-09-10 | 2003-07-02 | Multi-diamond cutting tool assembly for creating microreplication tools |
CA 2495614 CA2495614A1 (en) | 2002-09-10 | 2003-07-02 | Multi-diamond cutting tool assembly for creating microreplication tools |
EP03795563A EP1539463A1 (en) | 2002-09-10 | 2003-07-02 | Multi-diamond cutting tool assembly for creating microreplication tools |
US11/454,319 US7510462B2 (en) | 2002-09-10 | 2006-06-16 | Multi-diamond cutting tool assembly for creating microreplication tools |
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US10/241,247 US20040045419A1 (en) | 2002-09-10 | 2002-09-10 | Multi-diamond cutting tool assembly for creating microreplication tools |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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BR0313927A (en) | 2005-07-12 |
CN1681639A (en) | 2005-10-12 |
JP2005537944A (en) | 2005-12-15 |
US7510462B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 |
AU2003256357A1 (en) | 2004-04-30 |
KR20050042181A (en) | 2005-05-04 |
WO2004024421A1 (en) | 2004-03-25 |
KR101046810B1 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
US20060234605A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
JP5230896B2 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
EP1539463A1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
CN100349725C (en) | 2007-11-21 |
CA2495614A1 (en) | 2004-03-25 |
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