US20030170131A1 - Microfluidic device including a micropump - Google Patents
Microfluidic device including a micropump Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20030170131A1 US20030170131A1 US10/096,179 US9617902A US2003170131A1 US 20030170131 A1 US20030170131 A1 US 20030170131A1 US 9617902 A US9617902 A US 9617902A US 2003170131 A1 US2003170131 A1 US 2003170131A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- microrotor
- fluid
- microfluidic device
- rotor
- coupled
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D5/00—Pumps with circumferential or transverse flow
- F04D5/001—Shear force pumps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/27—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/40—Mixers with rotor-rotor system, e.g. with intermeshing teeth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/30—Micromixers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0093—Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/50273—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the means or forces applied to move the fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B19/00—Machines or pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B17/00
- F04B19/006—Micropumps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
- B01F27/115—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers comprising discs or disc-like elements essentially perpendicular to the stirrer shaft axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/30—Driving arrangements; Transmissions; Couplings; Brakes
- B01F35/32—Driving arrangements
- B01F35/32005—Type of drive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00783—Laminate assemblies, i.e. the reactor comprising a stack of plates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00851—Additional features
- B01J2219/00853—Employing electrode arrangements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
- B01L2400/0454—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces radiation pressure, optical tweezers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0475—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
Abstract
Microfluidic devices are disclosed. The microfluidic devices comprise pumps and mixers in which a microrotor rotated by coupled dipoles induced by alternating electric fields moves fluids in which it is immersed.
Description
- [0001] This invention was made with Government support under Grant No. DA09873-06 awarded by the National Institutes of Health. The Government has certain rights to this invention.
- The present invention relates to microfluidic devices using electrically driven dielectric microrotors/impellers for pumping and mixing fluids in microchannels.
- The fabrication and use of microchannels in the manipulation of small fluid volumes in chemical and biochemical analysis is well known. Small fluid volumes have been moved through microchannels employing electro-kinetic flow. Mechanical pumping systems have also been used to move and direct fluids within microchannels. These systems employ microscale devices utilizing external and internal microfabricated pumps and valves. The microfabrication methods are costly because they require bulky and expensive equipment. There is a need for a microfluidic device which can pump and mix fluids in microchannels for chemical and biochemical analysis and synthesis.
- It is a general object of the present invention to provide a microfluidic device having at least one microchannel in which the fluid in the microchannel is pumped and/or mixed by electrically driven dielectric micro-rotor/impellers.
- It is another object of the present invention to provide a microfluidic device employing microchannels in which a micro rotor is employed to pump fluid along the channels.
- It is a further object of the present invention to provide a microfluidic device in which a dielectric rotor/impeller mixes fluid in the vicinity of the rotor/impeller.
- A microfluidic device having at least one microchannel is provided. A microrotor/impeller is disposed in said microchannel and driven by dipole field induced coupled electrorotation to pump and/or mix the fluid in said channel.
- The foregoing and other objects of the invention will be more clearly understood from the following description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
- FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a capillary channel formed in a substrate with a microfluidic pump employing a microrotor/impeller.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the capillary channel and microfluidic pump taken along line2-2 of FIG. 1 with a cover not shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the capillary channel microfluidic pump taken along the line3-3 of FIG. 1 with a cover not shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the region microrotor/impeller of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of a capillary channel formed in a substrate with a microfluidic pump.
- FIG. 6 is a top plan view of a capillary channel and microfluidic pump having a constant channel dimension.
- FIG. 7 is a top plan view of another capillary channel with another microfluidic pump.
- FIG. 8 is a top plan view of microfluidic device with a micropump at the fluid supply reservoir.
- FIG. 9 is a top plan view of a microrotor/impeller disposed in a well for mixing fluids.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of microfluidic device incorporating micropumps in accordance with the present invention.
- Microfluidic device of the present invention includes at least one microchannel of capillary dimensions with a micropump comprising a microrotor/impeller rotated by dipole field induced coupled electrorotation for pumping and/or mixing fluid in the microchannel. The device may include a number of microchannels for transferring fluid to intersections where chemical reactions or chemical or biological reactions can be carried out using microquantities of reagents or samples. By way of example the microchannels may have cross sectional dimensions in the range of 1 micron to 500 microns and the rotor/impellers have diameters from 0.5 microns to perhaps 50 microns or more.
- Referring to FIGS.1-4, a
microchannel 11 is formed in asubstrate 12. The substrate can be any material which does not react with the fluid which is being pumped. The substrate can, for example, be an insulator a semiconductor material. The microchannel can be formed by photolithography and etching which is well known in the semiconductor art. Alternately the substrate may be plastic and the microchannel may be formed in the plastic material by injection molding, stamp molding and embossing. Referring to FIG. 1, thechannel 11 is formed with a bulge or protrudingwall portion 13. The substrate is provided with a cover plate 15, FIG. 2, to form a capillary passage. A dielectric microrotor/impeller 14 is located adjacent to bulge. The rotor/impeller is selected to have a different polarizability than the fluid in themicrochannel 11. In one embodiment the rotor/impeller comprises microspheres obtainable from Molecular Probes (Eugene, Oreg.), Polysciences, Inc. (Warrington, Pa.) or Bangs Laboratories, Inc. (Fishers, Ind.). Thebulge 13 androtor 14 are in close proximity so that they are electrostatically coupled to one another.Spaced electrodes electrodes impeller 14 and thebulge 13. However, it is apparent that, in view of the fact that the microchannels are involved, the electrodes can be formed on the surface of the substrate. - Application of alternating electric voltage to the electrodes generates linear
electric fields 18, FIG. 4. These electric fields inducedipoles 21 and 22 in thedielectric rotor 14 andsubstrate bulge 13, respectively. With the rotor offset from the bulge, the dipole fields attract and the rotor rotates in the direction shown by thearrow 24. When the fields alternate there are still attracting forces which cause the rotor to continue to rotate at a rotational velocity which is dependent upon the alternating frequency of the electric fields, the viscosity and polarizability of the fluid and the dielectric properties of the rotor. In order for rotation to occur the fluid and the rotor and bulge need to be polarizeable. The direction of rotation depends on the relative positions of the rotor and bulge within the electric field. - As seen in FIG. 4, rotation of the rotor viscously drags the fluid to pump the fluid in the direction of the arrows26 and along the
channel 11. Additionally as the rotor rotates it will mix fluid in the vicinity of the rotor. The rotor is maintained adjacent the bulge by mechanical restriction or an optical trap. Thus, there has been provided a simple pump which operates by dipole field induced coupled electrorotation for causing fluid to flow along microchannels or microcapillaries. - Referring to FIG. 5,
electrodes channel 11 and provide longitudinal alternating electric fields which induce thedipoles 33 in the bulge and 34 in the rotor which cause the rotor to rotate in a counter-clockwise direction as indicated byarrow 36 and pumps fluid as indicated by thearrow 37. - By way of example, the alternating frequency of the electric field can be in range of 400 kHz to 700 kHz and the voltage between 1.5 and 3.5 peak-to-peak. In one example, this caused rotation of the microrotor at 800 to 1800 rpm for a microsphere having 0.75 μm diameter. It is apparent that the rotor/impeller can take other shapes such as a disc-shaped rotor, hexagonal-shaped, octagonal, etc. to provide more efficient pumping.
- In certain applications, it is desirable to have a channel of uniform dimensions. FIG. 6 shows a
channel 40 having a zig-zag shape with the microrotors/impellers 41, 42 located at one edge of the protrudingwalls 43, 44. Theelectrodes 46, 47 are on opposite sides of therotors 41, 42. The rotors pump by dipole field induced coupled rotation as indicated by thearrows 49. - In another embodiment, FIG. 7, two
microrotors electrodes 53 and 54 by an optical trap, not shown. Induceddipoles 56, 57 cause the rotors to rotate in opposite directions and pump fluid along the channel in the direction of rotation of the microrotor closest to a wall (in the illustrated example, in the direction of arrow 58). - The
end 61 of amicrochannel 62 is shown in FIG. 8 cooperating with afluid reservoir 63. A pump formed by the microrotor/impeller 64, bulge 66 andelectrodes 67, 68 rotate the impeller and pump fluid from the reservoir into the microchannel. - In many applications, it is necessary to mix fluids in wells. The present invention provides an excellent mixing device for use in microwells. Referring to FIG. 9, a
microwell 71 is shown formed in asubstrate 72. A microrotor/impeller 73 is disposed in the well and held adjacent the well wall by an optical trap (not shown). Spaced electrodes 76, 77 provide linear electric fields which inducedipoles impeller 73 and well wall. This caused the impeller to rotate at a rotational velocity which depends upon the frequency of the applied electric fields. The rotating microrotor/impeller mixes the fluids. - FIG. 10 shows a schematic illustration of microchip including a plurality of fluid reservoirs,71, 72, 73, 74 cooperating with
microchannels - The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention are presented for the purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed; obviously many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims (12)
1. A microfluidic device for moving a fluid comprising:
a polarizeable microrotor having a polarizability different than that of the fluid disposed in said fluid,
a polarizeable member electrostatically coupled to said microrotor,
spaced electrodes for applying an alternating electric field to said rotor and said member to induce alternating dipole fields in said rotor and coupled member whereby the coupled dipole fields interact to cause rotation of said microrotor to produce movement of said fluid.
2. A microfluidic device as in claim 1 in which said member is a second rotor.
3. A microfluidic device as in claim 1 wherein said fluid is disposed in a well whereby rotation of said microrotor mixes fluids in said well.
4. A microfluidic device as in claim 1 wherein said fluid is disposed in a microchannel and said member is a protrusion on the wall of said microchannel, whereby rotation of said microrotor pumps fluid along said channel.
5. A microfluidic device as in claim 1 wherein said fluid is disposed in a microchannel and said member is a second microrotor whereby rotation of said microrotor pumps fluid along said channel.
6. A microfluidic device including:
a dielectric motor,
a coupled member,
electrodes on opposite sides of said rotor and coupled member for applying electric fields to said rotor and coupled member, and
means for applying alternating voltages to said electrodes thereby inducing alternating dipole fields in said rotor and member which interact to cause rotation of said dielectric rotor.
7. A microfluidic device as in claim 6 in which said microrotor is disposed in a fluid whereby rotation of said microrotor causes movement of said fluid.
8. A microfluidic device as in claim 7 in which the microrotor is disposed in a microchannel and rotation of said microrotor pumps fluid along said channel.
9. A microfluidic device as in claim 7 in which the microrotor is disposed in a well to mix fluids in said well.
10. A microfluidic device as in claim 8 or 9 in which the coupled member is a protrusion in the wall of said microchannel or wall to position said microrotor.
11. A microfluidic device as in claim 8 or 9 in which said microrotor is positioned in coupled relationship to said member by optical tweezers.
12. A microfluidic device as in claim 6 , 7, 8 or 9 in which said coupled member comprises a second microrotor and said microrotors are maintained in coupled relationship by optical tweezers.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/096,179 US20030170131A1 (en) | 2002-03-08 | 2002-03-08 | Microfluidic device including a micropump |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/096,179 US20030170131A1 (en) | 2002-03-08 | 2002-03-08 | Microfluidic device including a micropump |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20030170131A1 true US20030170131A1 (en) | 2003-09-11 |
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ID=27788289
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/096,179 Abandoned US20030170131A1 (en) | 2002-03-08 | 2002-03-08 | Microfluidic device including a micropump |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018006286A1 (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2018-01-11 | 广州好芝生物科技有限公司 | Flow control mechanism and system comprising the mechanism |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2787960A (en) * | 1953-07-24 | 1957-04-09 | Gen Electric | Sump pump |
US5430339A (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1995-07-04 | Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Forschung E.V. | Electric motor |
US5514150A (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1996-05-07 | Lsi Logic Corporation | Micromachined conveyor devices |
US5788468A (en) * | 1994-11-03 | 1998-08-04 | Memstek Products, Llc | Microfabricated fluidic devices |
US5942443A (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1999-08-24 | Caliper Technologies Corporation | High throughput screening assay systems in microscale fluidic devices |
US6054071A (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 2000-04-25 | Xerox Corporation | Poled electrets for gyricon-based electric-paper displays |
-
2002
- 2002-03-08 US US10/096,179 patent/US20030170131A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2787960A (en) * | 1953-07-24 | 1957-04-09 | Gen Electric | Sump pump |
US5430339A (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1995-07-04 | Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Forschung E.V. | Electric motor |
US5514150A (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1996-05-07 | Lsi Logic Corporation | Micromachined conveyor devices |
US5788468A (en) * | 1994-11-03 | 1998-08-04 | Memstek Products, Llc | Microfabricated fluidic devices |
US5942443A (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1999-08-24 | Caliper Technologies Corporation | High throughput screening assay systems in microscale fluidic devices |
US6054071A (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 2000-04-25 | Xerox Corporation | Poled electrets for gyricon-based electric-paper displays |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018006286A1 (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2018-01-11 | 广州好芝生物科技有限公司 | Flow control mechanism and system comprising the mechanism |
US11035495B2 (en) | 2016-07-06 | 2021-06-15 | Helixgen (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd. | Flow control mechanism and system comprising the mechanism |
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Owner name: BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ZARE, RICHARD N.;SIMPSON, GARTH J.;WILSON, CLYDE F.;REEL/FRAME:012702/0919;SIGNING DATES FROM 20020227 TO 20020301 |
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