US20010025174A1 - Viewing surgical scope for minimally invasive procedures - Google Patents
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- US20010025174A1 US20010025174A1 US09/853,059 US85305901A US2001025174A1 US 20010025174 A1 US20010025174 A1 US 20010025174A1 US 85305901 A US85305901 A US 85305901A US 2001025174 A1 US2001025174 A1 US 2001025174A1
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Abstract
A viewing and treatment apparatus for performing minimally invasive surgery through an opening in a patient's chest, the apparatus includes a visualization scope with an elongated portion and a distal end, and a working device such as a tissue ablation energy delivery device. The working device is encompassed within a working channel that communicates with the distal end of the scope. In one embodiment, a bronchoscope is used whose catheter shafting includes an introducer sleeve at the distal section of the scope for providing stability during introduction to a patient's chest while stabilizing the treatment and visualization distal ends of the scope at a treatment site. This embodiment can include a needle piercing assembly that cooperatively works with the work device such as for drug delivery. In a second embodiment a rigid endoscope with a viewing channel has an introducer member that is slidably disposed and detachable from the viewing channel and has a transparent convex distal tip which provides non-articulation at the distal end. This introducer member can also be used in conjunction with the first embodiment where the catheter shaft requires non-articulation. Both types of visualization scopes include a working channel in which the working device can translationally egress from the scope's distal end. Additionally, the rigid introducer member can be modified to include a movable transparent rotatable member design for varying the direction which the working devices egresses the apparatus' distal end. The preferred surgical procedure is transmyocardial revascularization and the preferred working device is an optical fiber element that is translatable from the distal end of the apparatus during the procedure. The working device can optionally include a flexible piercing needle with an internal lumen which allows translation of a working device such as an optical fiber or act as a conduit for drug delivery.
Description
- This application is a continuation-in-part (CIP) of Ser. No. 08/794,733, entitled “MINIMALLY INVASIVE METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING REVASCULARIZATION CHANNELS”, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 08/627,704, entitled “LATERAL-AND POSTERIOR-ASPECT METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LASER ASSISTED TRANSMYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION AND OTHER SURGICAL APPLICATIONS”, U.S. Pat. No. 5,725,523, which are all incorporated by reference herein.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- This invention relates to a viewing surgical scope apparatus capable of introducing a visualization scope and a working device such as an energy delivery device in minimally invasive surgical procedures. In particular, the preferred procedure is transmyocardial revascularization “TMR” wherein the energy delivery device is an optical fiber element.
- 2. Discussion of Related Art
- The human heart is a muscular dual pump that beats continuously throughout life sending blood to the lungs and the rest of the body. The interior of the heart consists of four distinct chambers. The septum, a thick central muscular wall, divides the cavity into right and left halves. On the right side, the upper half is known as the right atrium. Deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body arrives in the right atrium via the vena cava, the blood is pumped across a one-way valve known as the tricuspid valve into the lower portion known as the right ventricle. From there the blood circulates to the lungs through the pulmonary valve via the pulmonary artery where it is oxygenated by circulation through the alveoli of the lungs (not shown). The blood returns via the pulmonary veins to the left atrium and flows through a second valve, the mitral valve into the left ventricle where it is pumped via the aorta to the rest of the body.
- Much of the heart consists of a special type of muscle called myocardium. The myocardium requires a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to allow it to contract and pump blood throughout the vasculature. The inner surfaces of the chambers of the heart are lined with a smooth membrane, the endocardium, and the entire heart is enclosed in a tough, membranous bag known as the pericardial sac.
- The pumping action of the heart has three main phases for each heart beat. Diastole is the resting phase during which the heart fills with blood: while deoxygenated blood is entering the right atrium, oxygenated blood is returned from the lungs to the left atrium. During atrial systole, the two atria contract simultaneously, squeezing the blood into the lower ventricles. Finally, during ventricular systole the ventricles contract to pump the deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary arteries and the oxygenated blood into the main aorta. When the heart is empty, diastole begins again. The electrical impulses which stimulate the heart to contract in this manner emanate from the heart's own pacemaker, the sinoatrial node. The heart rate is under the external control of the body's autonomic nervous system.
- Though the heart supplies blood to all other parts of the body, the heart itself has relatively little communication with the oxygenated blood supply. Thus, the two coronary arteries, the left coronary artery and the right coronary artery, arise from the aorta and encircle the heart muscle on either side “like a crown” to supply the heart itself with blood. Heart disorders are a common cause of death in developed countries. They also impair the quality of life of millions of people and restrict activity by causing pain, breathlessness, fatigue, fainting spells and anxiety. The major cause of heart disease in developed countries is impaired blood supply. The coronary arteries become narrowed due to atherosclerosis and part of the heart muscle is deprive of oxygen and other nutrients. The resulting ischemia or blockage can lead to angina pectoris; a pain in the chest, arms or jaw due to lack of oxygen to the heart's myocardium, or infarction; or tissue necrosis in myocardial tissue.
- Techniques to supplement the flow of oxygenated blood directly from the left ventricle into the myocardial tissue have included needle acupuncture to create transmural channels (see below) and implantation of T-shaped tubes into the myocardium. Efforts to graft the omentum, parietal pericardium, or mediastinal fat to the surface of the heart had limited success. Others attempted to restore arterial flow by implanting the left internal mammary artery into the myocardium.
- Modernly, coronary artery blockage can be relieved in a number of ways. Drug therapy, including nitrates, beta-blockers, and peripheral vasodilator drugs (to dilate the arteries) or thrombolytic drugs (to dissolve clots) can be very effective. If drug treatment fails transluminal angioplasty is often indicated—the narrowed part of the artery, clogged with atherosclerotic plaque or other deposits, can be stretched apart by passing a balloon to the site and gently inflating it a certain degree. In the event drug therapy is ineffective or angioplasty is too risky (often introduction of a balloon in an occluded artery can cause portions of the atherosclerotic material to become dislodged which may cause a total blockage at a point downstream of the subject occlusion, thereby requiring emergency procedures, the procedure known as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the most common and successful major heart operation performed, with over 500,000 procedures done annually in America alone. The procedure takes at least two surgeons and can last up to five hours. First, the surgeon makes an incision down the center of the patient's chest and the heart is exposed by opening the pericardium. A length of vein is removed from another part of the body. The patient is subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass during the operation. The section of vein is first sewn to the aorta and then sewn onto a coronary artery at a place such that oxygenated blood can flow directly into the heart. The patient is then closed. Not only does the procedure require the installation of the heart-lung machine, a very risky procedure, but the sternum must be sawed through and the risk of infection is enhanced during the time the chest cavity is spread open.
- Another method of improving myocardial blood supply is called transmyocardial revascularization (TMR), the creation of channels from the epicardial to the endocardial portions of the heart. The procedure uses needles to perform “myocardial acupuncture,” that has been experimented with at least as early as the 1930s and used clinically since the 1960s, see Deckelbaum. L. I., Cardiovascular Applications of Laser Technology,Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 15:315-341 (1994). This technique has relieved ischemia by allowing blood to pass from the ventricle through the channels either directly into other vessels perforated by the channels or into myocardial sinusoids which connect to the myocardial microcirculation. This procedure has been likened to transforming the human heart into one resembling that of a reptile. In the reptile heart, perfusion occurs via communicating channels between the left ventricle and the coronary arteries. Frazier, O. H., Myocardial Revascularization with Laser—Preliminary Findings, Circulation, 1995; 92 [suppl II:II-58-II-65]. There is evidence of these communicating channels in the developing human embryo. In the human heart, myocardial microanatomy involves the presence of myocardial sinusoids. These sinusoidal communications vary in size and structure, but represent a network of direct arterial-luminal, arterial-arterial, arterial-venous, and venous-luminal connections. This vascular mesh forms an important source of myocardial blood supply in reptiles but its role in humans is not well understood.
- Numerous TMR studies have been performed using lasers where channels are formed in the myocardium. In one study, 20-30 channels per square centimeter were formed into the left ventricular myocardium of dogs prior to occlusion of the arteries. LAD ligation was conducted on both the revascularized animals as well as a set of control animals. Results showed that animals having undergone TMR prior to LAD ligation acutely showed no evidence of ischemia or infarction in contrast to the control animals. After sacrifice of the animals post operatively between 4 weeks and 5 months, the laser-created channels could be demonstrated grossly and microscopically to be open and free of debris and scarring.
- It is possible that the creation of laser channels in the myocardium may promote long-term changes that could augment myocardial blood flow such as by inducing angiogenesis in the region of the lazed (and thus damaged) myocardium. Support for this possibility is reported in histological evidence of probable new vessel formation adjacent to collagen occluded transmyocardial channels. In the case of myocardial acupuncture or boring, which mechanically displaces or removes tissue, acute thrombosis followed by organization and fibrosis of clots is the principal mechanism of channel closure. By contrast, histological evidence of patent, endothelium-lined tracts within the laser-created channels supports the assumption that the inside of the laser channels is or can become hemocompatible and that it resists occlusion caused by thrombo-activation and/or fibrosis.
- U.S. patents that deal with TMR and myocardial revascularization include U.S. Pat. No. 4,658,817 which teaches a method and apparatus for TMR using a laser. A surgical CO2 laser includes a handpiece for directing a laser beam to a desired location. Mounted on the forward end of the handpiece is a hollow needle to be used in surgical applications where the needle perforated a portion of tissue to provide the laser beam direct access to distal tissue. U.S. Pat. No. 5,125,926 teaches a heart-synchronized pulsed laser system for surgical TMR. This patent's system and method include a sensing device for synchronized firing of a laser during the contraction and expansion of a beating heart during a predetermined portion of the heartbeat cycle. This heart-synchronized pulsed laser system is important where the type of laser, the energy and pulse rate are potentially damaging to the beating heart or its action. Additionally, as the heart beats, the spatial relationship between the heart and the tip of the laser delivery probe may change so that the necessary power of the beam and the required position of the handpiece may be unpredictable. U.S. Pat. No. 5,380,316 teaches of TMR performed by inserting a portion of an elongated flexible lasing apparatus into the chest cavity of a patient and lasing channels directly through the outer surface of the epicardium into the myocardium tissue. U.S. Pat. No. 5,389,096 and 5,607,421 teach of myocardial revascularization that is performed by guiding an elongated flexible lasing apparatus into a patient's vasculature percutaneously such that the firing end of their respective lasing apparatus are adjacent the endocardium for lasing channels directly through the endocardium into myocardium tissue without perforating the heart's pericardium layer. None of the above listed patents teach methods for performing myocardial revascularization using minimally invasive surgical techniques, nor do their respective system's include a device for visualizing areas of the heart during such a procedure.
- Patent literature that deals with minimally invasive surgical procedures for myocardial revascularization includes PCT application WO 97/13468 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,700,259 which teach of thoracoscopic myocardial revascularization devices using a CO2 type laser based handpiece. U.S. Pat. No. 5,685,857 teaches of a thoracoscopic cannula device. PCT Application WO 97/34540 teaches of video assisted thoracoscopic CO2 type laser TMR surgical method for a thoracoscopic myocardial revascularization procedure.
- Finally, viewing devices used in cardiac interventional procedures include U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,784,133 and 4,976,710 which both teach of an angioscope/bronchoscope device that includes a flexible distal end with an inflatable balloon structure for viewing intravasculature structures. This device's flexible catheter includes a working channel for introducing a procedural device at the viewing/treatment distal end.
- There is a need for an apparatus and method for performing myocardial revascularization from one or more minimally invasively formed penetrations and eliminating the need for open chest surgery by providing a viewing surgical scope allowing for single handed use during such a procedure.
- The present invention provides a method and apparatus for performing a minimally invasive surgical (MIS) procedure and in particular for the creation of a TMR channels in a heart wall. The surgical viewing scope apparatus comprises a visualization device such as a bronchoscope or endoscope in combination with a working device such as an optical fiber element or other energy delivery device which is introduced through a minimally invasive formed penetration of a patient's chest. The preferred use of the apparatus is to deliver sufficient energy to the heart wall to form a channel through at least a portion of the heart wall wherein the energy delivery device is introduced through a minimally invasive formed penetration in the patient's chest.
- The first viewing surgical scope embodiment is an articulating bronchoscope with a midsection introducer sleeve assembly for placement of the distal end of the viewing surgical scope through a patient's chest penetration. This embodiment of the viewing surgical scope has an integrated working channel and an integrated handle member for providing both advancement of the working device and articulation of the distal end of the viewing surgical scope from which a working device can egress.
- The second viewing surgical scope embodiment is a rigid endoscope with various designs of the working channel from which the working device can egress from the viewing surgical scope. This second embodiment includes a closed ended introducer sleeve member with a preferred convex viewing tip that can be pushed against the heart and allows viewing of a beating heart while performing the operation. This sleeve member acts as an introducer tubular member that also stops bleeding by applied pressure and can perform multiple operative procedures from the same chest wall penetration. This second embodiment can also include a pistol grip hand-piece which members for advancement and actuation of the working device. The introducer tubular member allows for quick disconnect and interchangeability for operating on both lateral, anterior and posterior sides of the heart from a single penetration in a patient's chest. The introducer tubular member is either a disposable or reusable member.
- The method of the invention includes introducing a first viewing surgical device through a first minimally invasive penetration of a patient's chest. The first viewing surgical device includes a working channel. An energy delivery device is introduced through the working channel of the first viewing surgical device. Sufficient energy is delivered from the energy delivery device to the wall of the heart to form a channel through at least a portion of the wall. Another embodiment of the method includes forming first, second and third minimally invasive penetrations in a patient's chest. A first viewing scope device is introduced through the first minimally invasive penetration. The heart is prepared for channel formation by using tools introduced through the second and third minimally invasive penetrations. A second visualization device includes a working channel and is introduced through the third minimally invasive penetration. An energy delivery device is introduced through either the second minimally invasive penetration or the working channel of the second viewing surgical scope device. Sufficient energy from the energy delivery device is delivered to the heart wall and create a channel through at least a portion of the wall. The positioning of the visualization devices and the working tools can be interchanged between the first, second and third minimally invasively formed penetrations.
- An object of the invention is to provide an apparatus and method using a minimally invasive surgical technique for TMR.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for performing TMR through at least one minimally invasively formed penetration of a patient's chest.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for TMR through two or more minimally invasively formed penetrations of a patient's chest.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for TMR through a minimally invasively formed penetration in a patient's chest with an articulating viewing bronchoscope that includes at least one working channel, wherein multiple working channels could be incorporated for other procedural devices, such as a piercing needle for drug delivery at treatment sites.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for TMR through first and second minimally invasively formed penetrations in a patient's chest with a viewing surgical scope in the first penetration and a trocar configured to introduce working tools through the second penetration.
- Another object of the invention is provide a method and apparatus for TMR by forming one or more minimally invasively formed penetrations and providing access to more than one region of the heart.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) which is sufficiently rigid to support surrounding tissue, which allows channels to be created at angles to the apparatus' axis, e.g. normal to target tissue, or at an oblique angle to the target tissue site.
- Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for TMR which is atraumatic to surrounding tissue, minimizes bleeding, and reduces tissue movement at a target tissue site.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus having enhanced use and functional capabilities, such as a tissue piercing capability for added stability during the TMR procedure or drug delivery use.
- These and other objects of the invention are achieved in a method for a closed-chest formation of a channel in a wall of a heart. An energy delivery device is introduced through a first minimally invasive penetration of a patient's chest. Sufficient energy is delivered from the energy delivery device to the wall of the heart to form a channel through at least a portion of the wall. In its simplest embodiment, a conventional pneumo-needle may be inserted through the chest wall and a laser waveguide inserted therethrough to form a channel, preferably using a viewing device to show the position of the advancing waveguide and the heart wall.
- Numerous other advantages and features of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description of the invention and the embodiments thereof, from the claims and from the accompanying drawings.
- FIG. 1A is a representative isometric view of a first embodiment of the viewing surgical scope apparatus of the present invention using articulated distal section members.
- FIG. 1B is a section view of viewing surgical scope apparatus shown in FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 2A is an isometric view of the distal end of the viewing surgical scope's introducer assembly shown in FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 2B is a section view of FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 2C is an exploded view of the distal end of the viewing surgical scope shown in FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 3A is an isometric view of the proximal end of the viewing surgical scope apparatus shown in FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 3B is an exploded view of FIG. 3A.
- FIG. 4A is an isometric view of the optical fiber advancement and control handle assembly of the viewing surgical scope apparatus shown in FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 4B is a section view of FIG. 4A.
- FIG. 4C is an exploded view of FIG. 4A.
- FIG. 5 is a representative side view of a piercing needle assembly used with the embodiments of the invention's viewing surgical scope apparatus.
- FIGS. 6A, 6B,6C & 6D are representative section views of viewing tubular assemblies that each have a clear distal tipped section with a working channel having various orientations at the clear distal tip.
- FIG. 7 is a representative section view of a variation to the clear distal tip tubular member as shown in FIGS.6A-6D that has elements's for controlling the working device's orientation at the viewing surgical scope's distal end.
- FIGS. 8A is a second viewing surgical scope apparatus embodiment of the invention using a non-articulating viewing surgical scope that includes the clear distal tip tubular member shown in FIGS.6A-6D.
- FIGS. 8B is a variation of the second viewing surgical scope embodiment of the invention using a non-articulating viewing surgical scope that includes the clear distal tip tubular member shown in FIGS.6A-6D where the handle uses a sliding advance mechanism for the working device.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a patient illustrating first, second and third minimally invasively formed penetrations formed in the patient's chest, such as used for access in TMR.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an interior of the patient's chest shown in FIG. 9.
- It will be understood that the invention's preferred embodiments have many of the individual elements whose functional aspects are similar. Thus, it will be understood that structural elements having similar or identical functions may have like reference numerals associated therewith. The appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefor not to be limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
- A minimally invasively formed penetration is a chest penetration that does not entail “open chest” surgery by gross spreading of the ribs or cutting through excessive ribs and/or the sternum. Minimally invasive surgery also involves formation of penetrations that may be performed intercostally or non-intercostally to access tissues and organs without large incision openings in a patient. Once devices have been introduced in this manner, treatments may be affected from within an organ outwards, i.e. “inside-out,” or in an “outside-in” manner. “Channels” refer to revascularization entries through the epicardium or myocardium and further includes entries that extend (i) through the endocardium from the epicardium; (ii) partially or fully through the myocardium; (iii) to form stimulation zones; or (iv) to form drug pockets. “Working devices” for attached either permanently to or slidably disposed within the
tube 112. Flexibletubular member 114 in turn is attached to thecup member 116. The optionalinner tube 111 is attached to the flexibletubular member 114 and theinner tube 111 is slidably disposed within thetube 112. Theinner tube 111 is made integral with thetube 112 when thetubular member 114 is permanenetly attached totube 112.Tube 111 when used attaches to thecollet housing 202, otherwise thetube 112 is attached thereto. The distal end of thecatheter 120, not shown in FIGS. 2A-2C, is disposed insideinner tube 111 andflexible tube 114 in thebore 108. Thecatheter 120 is secured to the introducertubular assembly 102 at a fixed location by manually tighteningcollet thumbscrew 200 intocollet housing 202, which compressesgripper 204. A distalend lock ring 113 attaches the distal end of thecatheter 120 to thecup member 116 as shown in FIG. 2C. The flexibletubular member 114 can be drawn into thetube 112 by making thecup member 116 smaller then shown such that when handle 110 can be decoupled from thecollet housing 202 by twisting thehandle 110 and then pushinghandle member 110 withtube 112 towards the distal end of thescope 100, thecup member 116 collapses and resides within thetube 112 thereby providing ease ofscope 100 positioning through a minimally invasively formed penetration in a patient's chest so that entanglement with other instruments or internal body parts is minimized. - The flexible
tubular member 114 and thesuction cup member 116 formdistal end assembly 115. This articulatingdistal end assembly 115 is disconnectable and interchangeable with a essentially rigid non-articulatingviewing tubular assembly 600 discussed below and shown in FIGS. 6A-6D for a viewing surgical scope apparatus. The introducertubular assembly 102 withcatheter 120 is for insertion into a patient's chest through a minimally invasive penetration using thehandle 110 for emplacement, see U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/794,733, which teaches of a trocar used for initially providing a chest wall penetration for introducing instruments into a chest cavity. -
Catheter 120 comprises the elongated shafting of a bronchoscope or flexible endoscope tubing. The introducertubular assembly 102 provides: a) stable support for emplacement within a patient's chest cavity and b) prevents unintended rotation and axial movement of the distal end of a working device such as the laser energy deliveryoptical fiber element 510. Theflexible tuber member 114 allows deflection at the distal end of thescope 100 by pivotal motions of thehandle 122 which in turn causes a pivotal joint indicated by double arrow A-A in FIG. 1A to push or pull a control wire (not shown) or an equivalent translational member communicating between the bronchoscope'sproximal body assembly 104 and the distal end of thecatheter 120. Tip deflection mechanisms in bronchoscopes are well known in the art. The flexibletubular member 114 can be made of flexible silicon rubber or other elastic material with flexural characteristics for providing the necessary stability on a beating heart.Cup member 116 can optionally communicate with a vacuum treatment and diagnosis of affected coronary/vasculature tissue include devices configurable and extendable through a lumen within the viewing surgical scope's distal end such as: optical fiber elements capable of delivering laser energy with or without a piercing needle assembly at the distal end of the viewing surgical scope, drug delivery using a piercing needle assembly, RF tissue ablation devices, ultrasound devices, or mechanical coring devices. - FIG. 1A is a representative isometric view of the first embodiment of the invention's viewing
surgical scope 100. The viewingsurgical scope 100 is an articulating bronchoscope with a distal end introducerassembly 102 and amain body assembly 104. Theintroducer assembly 102 includes ahandle portion 110 coupled to an essentiallyrigid tube 112.Tube 112 is aflexible member 114 with an attachedsuction cup 116 member.Catheter 120 couples to themain body assembly 104 and is either rigid, semi-rigid or flexible. A control handle 122 provides control of an opticalfiber advancement member 442 of anoptical fiber element 510 which transmits laser energy from a remote laser energy source. The bronchoscope'scatheter 120 has multiple conduits which are accessed through themain body assembly 104 via multiple portal openings such as a fiber opticwaveguide portal opening 124. These conduits accomplish functions such as illumination, aspiration or irrigation of target tissue at the scope's distal end atsuction cup member 116. A hollow working channel is included with thecatheter 120 for introducing implements such as a laser energy delivery optical fiber. The visualization scope shown can be a standard articulating bronchoscope or custom designed flexible endoscope made by Storz, Olympus or Pentax. The visualization scope'scatheter 120 is within thebore 108 of theintroducer assembly 102 shown in FIG. 2B. - FIG. 1B is a section view at
sectional line 1B-1B of the viewingsurgical scope 100 shown in FIG. 1A. Thecatheter 120 is a shaft of a bronchoscope withconduits 130 and visualization lumen withinternal fiber 132 & workingchannel 134 with internal laser energyoptical fiber element 510 extending the length ofcatheter 120 that communicates between themain body assembly 104 and the end atcup member 116. In a typical configuration, one ormore conduits 130 can be included within thecatheter 120. Aneyepiece 326 shown in FIG. 1A observes target tissue at the distal end of the viewingsurgical scope 100 via the visualization lumen withinternal imaging fiber 132. Various types of ancillary viewing capabilities such as CCD monitoring can be attached at theeyepiece 326. A translatable laser energyoptical fiber element 510 is translatable and is disposed within the workingchannel 134 to deliver laser energy at thedistal cup member 116 to form TMR channels in the heart. - FIGS. 2A, 2B &2C show the introducer
tubular assembly 102 of the viewingsurgical scope 100 shown in FIG. 1A.Handle member 110 couples, either by threaded member for quick uncoupling or permanently coupled thereto, to an essentiallyrigid tube 112. Aflexible tubular member 114 is source attached to theproximal body assembly 104 throughport 324 via one of theinternal conduits 130 to assist in heart wall attachment.Cup member 116 provides a broad surface which locks on the heart when evacuated for stability during the procedure.Cup member 116 keeps the optics clean and provides a protective shield for sharp tools which can scratch adjacent heart tissue. Thecup member 116 can equivalently be a flange member with a flexible grooved annular surface for locking onto a heart surface with or without vacuum assist or be a flange member with a gripping textured surface that attaches to tissue during the procedure. - FIGS. 3A & 3B are views of the
main body assembly 104 as shown in FIG. 1A that can be mounted to the operating table or other structure using mountingshaft 306 that is attached to thebody mount 308. The body mount handle 310 allows manipulation of themain body assembly 104 when mounted to a fixture where the practitioner uses one hand to hold theintroducer tube 112 athandle 110 and the other hand controls thehandle 122 foroptical fiber 510 translations and/or deflections of the distal end'scup member 116.Main body assembly 104 in exploded view shown in FIG. 3B has aright body housing 302 and aleft housing body 304. The right and leftbody housings visualization scope 342, which is an articulating-type bronchoscope in this embodiment of the invention. Thevisualization scope 342 has at least two channels wherein a first workingchannel portal 322 communicates with the workingchannel 134 and the visualization portal througheyepiece 326. A CCD-camera can optionally be used via theeyepiece 326.Portal opening 124 typically provides illumination at target tissue sites at the distalend cup member 116.Linkage 332 couples lever 330 viawheel linkage 334 to handlepivot member 336. Pivoting ofhandle 122 shown by double headed arrow A-A in FIG. 1A results in articulation of theflexible member section 114 viacontrol lever 330 action. The workingchannel port 322 optionally allows introducing procedural tools and instruments including but not limited to scissors, graspers, fiber optic tools, suture mechanisms without the pivot arm assembly as shown. Workingchannel port 322 with thehandle 122 feature as discussed above substantially aligns with and allows free movement of thehandle pivot member 336 through a ball joint socket design that couples to theport 340 onvisualization scope 342. Handlepivot member 336 allows translatation of the working device such as anoptical fiber element 510 therethrough. - FIGS. 4A & 4B are partial component views of the
handle 122 with the optical fiberelement thumb slider 442 shown in FIG. 1A. FIG. 4B shows thehandle 122 without thespring biasing element 420 and an interposed triggering/retraction leaf spring member and aninternal slider 444 for clarity. FIG. 4C is an exploded view showing the internal components of thehandle 122. Thethumb slider 442 advances and retracts the energy delivery device such as theoptical fiber 510 independent of the triggered piercing needle member assembly as shown in FIG. 5. Thehandle 122 as discussed above moves in unison withhandle pivot 336 shown in FIG. 1 A thereby providing articulation ofdistal tip cup 116. The practitioner's hand can control both the advancement of theoptical fiber 510 and articulation of the distaltip cup member 116. Thedistal end 400 ofhandle 122 is inserted intopivot handle member 336 and retained in place by lockingmember 402. Anend tube 404 sleeve enters thehandle 122 at itsproximal end 406 and another similardistal end tube 408 sleeve is disposed at thedistal end 400 and extends to the distal end of thescope 100. A matingright handle portion 410 and aleft handle portion 412 are coupled together and enclose a needle piercing spring loaded drive assembly and energy delivery device advancement and control components. Theoptical fiber element 510 passes through the proximal and distal ends throughtube 404 and aneedle advance tube 408 which telescope with each other, thetube 404 is smaller than thetube 408 and thetube 404 attaches to theoptical fiber element 510, thetube 404 attaches internally to theinternal slider 444 and thetube 404 slides within thetube 408, thus allowing translation of theoptical fiber 510 independent of thetube 408 movement. Movement ofthumb slider 442 in direction C disengages aratchet 416 in mechanical cooperation with aflexible latch 418 distal end locking member that disengages a piercingneedle slider 422 resulting inneedle advance spring 420 to push theneedle slider 422 forward causing theneedle advance tube 408 to move in direction C as well to advance the piercing needledistal end assembly 500 as shown in FIG. 5. Continued forward movement ofthumb slider 442 advances thefiber optic element 510 through the needleadvance end tube 408 which remains stationary. Movement of thethumb slide 442 is limited by fiber advance anddepth stop button 424 slidably disposed withinslot 426 by either a threaded compression or a biased detent member that cooperatively engages theslot 426 at predetermined positions. Finally, retraction ofadvance thumb slider 442 in the direction of arrow D causes theinternal slider 444 to move rearwardly and causes the distal end of the triggering/retraction leaf spring member, which cooperatively slides within and engage internal slots in theslider 444, to engage the distal end face of theslider 444 and pull the piercingslider 422 rearwardly as well, thus resetting and latching theneedle slider 422 withspring 420 in relation to thelatch 418 distal end face. Thetube 408 is inserted into the working channel of the inventions viewing surgical scope apparatus. - FIG. 5 is a representative side view of the piercing needle assembly's
distal end 500. Piercingneedle end portion 502 has a bevel cut end for piercing tissue and is coupled to aflexible section 504 which allows passage of the piercing needledistal end assembly 500 through a working channel with bending such as a flexible catheter or pre-shaped tubing. Afiber optic element 510 or otherenergy delivery device 510 passes through a lumen within piercingneedle assembly 500 as shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B and 5. Moreover, the distalend needle assembly 500 can be a flexible drug delivery conduit and be a working device for the invention's viewing surgical scopes. Similarly, the distal end piercingneedle assembly 500 can be replaced with a piercing optical fiber element as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,703,985 entitled “Optical Fiber Device and Method for Laser Surgery Procedures,” which is hereby incorporated by reference. - FIGS.6A-D are representative section views of variations of a
viewing tubular assembly 600. Theassembly 600 can be used with either a flexible or rigid endoscope. In particular, theassembly 600 as used with the viewingsurgical scope 100 replaces the flexibledistal end assembly 115 as shown in FIG. 1A; or alternatively and preferably used with a rigidshafted endoscope 200 discussed below and representatively shown in FIGS. 8A & 8B. Theviewing tubular assembly 600 includes an optically clear or transparentend tube cap 602 which fits over the visualization portdistal end 604 of a scope's visualization shaft and has a working channel 606 (cut-off view). The distal ends 604 in FIGS. 6A & 6B lie in planes essentially perpendicular to the central axis of theviewing tubular assembly 600 such that optics provide essentially direct forward visualization with a predetermined divergence viewing angle E as shown. Theend port 604 shown in FIG. 6C is at a 30° angle with respect to the central axis of theviewing tubular assembly 600.Distal end 604 can be varied such that the field of view is at an angle offset with respect to the central axis of viewingtubular assembly 600. Theviewing tubular assembly 600 replaces the components offlexible member 114 andcup member 116 in FIGS. 2A-2C and cooperatively combines with theshaft member 112 and connectively interfaces representatively with the workingchannel 134 with appropriate tubing connectors with the workingchannel 606 shown in FIGS. 6A-6D. Theend cap 602 member is made from an acrylic or equivalent polycarbonate transparent material and coupled to a rigidtubular sleeve member 615. Moreover, theassembly 600 can be a solid object made of the same material as theend cap 602 member. The distal end of thevisualization scope 604 terminates near thetransparent end cap 602. Theend cap 602 can made with desired optical light absorption/reflection characteristics. Furthermore, the shape of theend cap 602 can be conical, elliptical or include planar facets at various angles with respect to the viewing tubular assembly's 600 central axis. Theend cap 602 is designed and made in accordance with required optical lens characteristics such as focus, divergence, convergence, directionability, collimation, polarization or diffusion. - The working
channel 606 has various designs with differing bends that cooperatively are attached to theviewing tubular assembly 600. The workingchannel 606 as shown is external to theassembly 600, but can be incorporated into a lumen or be a structural tube either in the wall of theviewing tubular assembly 600 or conformably designed to fit within the inner wall surface ofassembly 600 adjacent thedistal end 604 of thevisualization scope 342 or an end shaft of a rigid or flexible endoscope. The workingchannel 606 is shown attached to the external wall ofassembly 600 in FIGS. 6A-6D. Viewingtubular assembly 600 functions to allow viewing of affected tissue while applying pressure to tissue for stopping bleeding and minimizing active tissue movement, e.g. a beating heart. The workingchannel 606 directs and protects the operative working device such as theoptical fiber element 510, a drug delivery needle or other energy delivery device that is controlled byhandle 800 as shown in FIGS. 8A. The workingchannel 606 can be made of stainless steel, plastic or comparable material. In the preferred embodiment, the workingchannel 606 is clear to enable visualization of fiber movement. The workingchannel 606 in FIG. 6A has acurvature 608 such that the fiber or other working device is directed through thetransparent end cap 602 in a direction essentially parallel with/or contiguous with respect to the central axis of theassembly 600. The workingchannel 606 has acurvature 612 in FIG. 6B which directs the working device through thetransparent end cap 602 at approximately 45° with respect to the central axis of theassembly 600. Likewise, thecurvature 614 in the workingchannel 606 of FIG. 6C directs the working device through thetransparent end cap 602 in a direction approximately 90° with respect to the central axis of theviewing tubular assembly 600. Other orientations of workingchannel 606 and/or distal end bends intube 606 can be used to direct the working device. - FIG. 7 is a representative section view of a variation of a movable distal ended optical ball viewing
tubular assembly 700 that provides variable positioning of the working device such as theoptical fiber 510 and can also be part of either viewingsurgical scope rotatable member 706, which is either a ball or cylinder member, is at thedistal end 708 and seats within a conformalshaped end tube 701 that allows free rotation of therotatable member 706.Upper steering wire 710 and alower steering wire 712 are coupled to therotatable member 706. Thesteering wires scope mechanism 714. Thesteering wires deflector knobs 716 for rotating therotatable member 706 in a direction as shown by double headed arrow F. Aguide channel 718 passes through therotatable member 706. Aflexible coupling portion 720 extends between theguide channel 718 of therotatable member 706 and the workingchannel 606, thereby providing a path for directing the working device such as anoptical fiber 510 therethrough.Flexible coupling portion 720 is a telescoping or an accordion-like interconnection allowing reorientation of therotatable member 706 to direct the working device in a direction G.Tensioning steering wire 710 rotates therotatable member 706 and re-directs theguide channel 718 in opposition tosteering wire 712. Additionally, more control wires can be includes to provide multiple degrees of rotation of therotatable member 706 for greater controllability. - The articulating distal ended viewing
tubular assembly 700 can replace the components offlexible member 114 andcup member 116, i.e.assembly 115 in FIGS. 2A-2C and cooperatively slides onshaft member 112. Theviewing tubular assembly 700 connectively interfaces at least with theconduits sleeve member 715 and to appropriate connections in theflexible catheter shaft 120. Moreover, thecatheter 120 can be a stand alone viewing device whose distal end which representatively can be 604 in FIG. 7 and thework channel 606 would be tubing attached to thecatheter 120 shafting. The viewingsurgical scope 200 discussed below and shown as FIG. 8A and 8B would have acontrol member 714 on thehandle 800 with connectingcontrol wires 710 & 712. Theassembly 700 would encompass the rigid endoscope shafting 601 as discussed below. - The articulating
assembly 700 of FIG. 7 can have alternative designs such as an assembly comprising an internal mechanical deflecting linkage mechanism for changing the orientation of the egression angle of the workingchannel 606. The transparent surfacerotatable member 706 would be replaced with an essentially transparent cap member comparable to 602 with a flexible membrane to allow orientation displacement of the workingchannel 606 that is sealed within the membrane. Moreover, the deflecting linkage mechanism can be a light reflecting surface such that observations of tissue can be at offset angles with respect to the axial direction of theassembly tube 715 where the distal end of thevisualization scope 604 has a normal surface with respect thereto. - FIG. 8A shows viewing
surgical scope 200 with ahandle assembly 800 using a fingertrigger advance mechanism 804 and has thetubular viewing assembly 600. Theassembly 600 is non-articulating distalclear end cap 602 for visualizing and has a workingchannel 606 for directing the working device, e.g. anoptical fiber 510 at a treatment site. The visualization scope is an endoscope whosedistal end 604 is viewed through aneyepiece 806. Thedistal end 604 of the endoscope can have different angular orientations as discussed above for a required distal end viewing field from theviewing tubular assembly 600. The viewingsurgical scope 200 for example can be a 10-mm sized rigid endoscope with aviewing tubular assembly 600 that has a 12 mm-O.D. A smaller 5-mm system endoscope, can also be used where theassembly 600 is about 10-12 mm O.D. that allows for additional space inside theassembly 600 for additional workingchannels 606 that allow for drug delivery, lighting etc. Thehandle assembly 800 is ergonomically designed for hand gripping. Thehandle assembly 800 includes a fiber advance mechanism usingfinger trigger 804 within the handle and alignment retaining members for attaching endoscope shafting 601 along with theviewing tubular assembly 600. Theviewing tubular assembly 600 is user removable for quick disconnect from the endoscope shafting 601 for quick interchange oftubular assemblies 600 with different workingchannel 606 egress angles for surgical procedures that occur at various aspects of the heart surface, such as the lateral, anterior, posterior or apexial walls when operating from a single chest penetration. Theviewing tubular assembly 600 has a quickdisconnect coupling member 808 for connections of the workingchannel 606 for quick interchangeability of theassembly 600. Additionally, the articulatedviewing tubular assembly 700 shown in FIG. 7 can be used with the necessary control features incorporated within thehandle 800. This feature allows access to lateral, anterior or posterior locations of an organ where a practitioner uses the same chest wall penetration. -
Finger trigger 804 controls translatable movement of the working device, e.g. anoptical fiber element 510 with or without a piercing needledistal end assembly 500 as shown in FIG. 5. Thefinger trigger 804 actuates mechanical or electrically movement of the working device from the distal end of theviewing tubular assembly 600 shown by the double arrow H, preferably using incremental control. Mechanisms for the advancement/retraction function include rack and pinion components, a stepper motor with appropriate control, pneumatic driven mechanisms with incremental stepping functional components. - Alternatively, the handle can include a
slide member 810 as shown in FIG. 8B which can include a mechanism comparable to that discussed above in FIGS. 4A & 4B wherein a triggering mechanism advances aneedle piercing member 500 and cooperatively works with theoptical fiber 510 through an adjustable range, e.g. 1.5-2.5 cm. Theslide member 810 can include detents for a user to sense rate of advancement. The advancement mechanism can also be geared to provide advancement at translation ratios other than 1:1. Retraction of theoptical fiber 510 can be accomplished by reversing thetrigger button 812 that cooperates with a reversing rack mechanism insidehandle 800. Astop setting member 814 can be used to position the optical fiber distal ending flush with the viewing tubular assembly's 600 outer surface. Alternatively, the mechanisms shown in FIGS. 4A & 4B showing a slide controlled mechanism could be incorporated inhandle 800 in lieu of thefinger trigger 804. An equivalent lever mechanism can be used in lieu of thefinger trigger 804 which would include stops to limit optical fiber extension and retraction. In a TMR operation, theoptical fiber element 510 would typically would be advanced in 1-mm increments. - FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of a patient10 with first, second and third minimally invasive formed
penetrations penetrations - The distal portion of either viewing
surgical scope optical fiber element 510 or other energy delivery device. Additionally, the waveguide may be configured to pierce the epicardium, such as with a piercing needle as shown in FIG. 5, so that energy is or can be subsequently delivered to the myocardium. A revascularization channel can be formed through an epicardium into at least a portion of a myocardium or continue through the myocardium into all or only a portion of the endocardium. - In one method,
penetration 12 is used for the introduction of eitherscope first penetration 12 can be formed in the intercostal spaces, for example the fourth to sixth intercostal space that is 10-12 mm in diameter. A slight cut is made and a thoracic trocar is advanced through the chest. - The
scope Second penetration 14 is formed inferior topenetration 12 and can be formed just above the diaphragm andthird penetration 16 is formed superior topenetration 12. Penetrations 14 and 16 can be formed substantially the same way aspenetration 12 is formed or may be cut downs only. - For initial procedures a pair of thoracoscopic graspers may be introduced through
penetration 14. Additional tools that can be introduced throughpenetration 14 include scissors. Thepericardial sac 18 shown in FIG. 10, if intact, is grabbed and opened up using standard surgical techniques. The pericardial sac is pulled away from the heart and may be suspended. Unwanted adhesions are removed. - After the tools are removed from
penetration 14, eitherscope bronchoscope 342 or an endoscope can use a camera device attached to the eyepiece for viewing on a monitor. Additionally, additional viewing scope devices can be used during the procedure as inserted in the first penetration and the rigid scope can be inserted intosecond penetration 14 after the tools are removed fromsecond penetration 14. -
Third penetration 16 is formed, a trocar introduced and a pair of forceps places an absorbing medium, including but not limited to a piece of gauze, through thethird penetration 16.Third penetration 16 is created initially to open the pericardial sac and subsequently may be used as a treatment port, for visualization or for safety reasons. In the event that a structure, such as a coronary artery is nicked and bleeding is initiated, direct pressure is applied by placing the gauze on the area throughthird penetration 16 to stop the bleeding. The gauze is also useful for manipulating the heart and applying slight pressure to TMR entrance sites to avoid excessive bleeding. When using thescope 200, thetubular member assembly 600 stops bleeding when applied to areas undergoing treatment. - Either of the viewing
surgical scopes penetration 14 and revascularization channels are created at the desired location, such as the apex 20. Preferably the working device such as the energy delivery device is inserted through the working channel of either of thescopes type scope 100 also may be initially positioned inpenetration scopes - In the preferred use of the present invention, the distal portion of the working device such as the energy delivery device is positioned to reach a desired aspect of a ventricular wall. A plurality of different revascularization channels are formed in the heart. A distal portion of the energy delivery device can be positioned against tissue of the wall of the heart through which the channel is to be formed while transmitting energy from a remote energy source through the energy delivery device.
- Suitable working devices that can be inserted in the working channels of viewing
surgical scopes scopes - Other surgical procedures that
scopes - Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods and materials are now described.
- While the principles of the invention have been made clear in illustrative embodiments, there will be immediately obvious to those skilled in the art many modifications of structure, arrangement, proportions, the elements, materials, and components used in the practice of the invention, and otherwise, which are particularly adapted to specific environments and operative requirements without departing from those principles. The appended claims are intended to cover and embrace any and all such modifications, with the limits only of the true purview, spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (29)
1. A surgical procedural apparatus for visualizing and treating tissue in a minimally invasive surgical procedure, the apparatus comprising:
a) working means for effectuating the surgical procedure;
b) a visualization scope having a body member at the proximal end, an elongated sleeve member attached to the body member, the sleeve member provides optical viewing at the apparatus' distal end; and
c) a rigid introducer and viewing assembly having a length sufficient to effectuate both penetration by the working means' distal end and treatment at target tissue, the assembly including:
i) a tubular member that slidably encompasses the sleeve member,
ii) a working tube defining a working channel that attaches to the tubular member wherein the working means is configurabaly disposed therein and egressable at the assembly's distal end, and
iii) an inelastic and transparent distal tip member that encloses the tubular member's distal end wherein the working tube's distal end attaches to the tip member thereby enabling visualization of the working channel's distal end,
whereby the introducer and viewing assembly stabilizes the apparatus' distal end and reduces active muscular tissue movement during the procedure.
2. The apparatus of wherein the visualization scope and sleeve member constitutes a rigid endoscope and the working channel's distal end terminates at the distal tip member.
claim 1
3. The apparatus of wherein the visualization scope is a bronchoscope, the sleeve member is a flexible catheter shaft and the introducer and viewing assembly further includes an essentially rigid outer sleeve member attached to a distal portion of the catheter shaft with a handle member at the outer sleeve member's proximal end.
claim 1
4. The apparatus of wherein the introducer and viewing assembly's tubular member and transparent distal tip member is a unitary member made of acrylic or polycarbonate material and has substantially uniform wall thickness.
claim 1
5. The apparatus of wherein the working means has an actuation means for controlling operation of the working means that is mounted to the body member, the actuation means includes a handle member with an advancement means for translating a distal portion of the working means out from the working channel's terminus at the transparent distal tip member.
claim 1
6. The apparatus of wherein the visualization scope's distal end surface is essentially normal to the axial direction of the introducer and viewing assembly's axial direction thereby providing visualization in a forward direction, and the working channel's distal end portion includes at least one bend to direct the working device's distal end at an angle essentially parallel to the introducer and viewing assembly's axial direction.
claim 1
7. The apparatus of wherein the visualization scope's distal end surface is essentially normal to the axial direction of the introducer and viewing assembly's axial direction thereby providing visualization in a forward direction, and the working channel's distal end portion includes at least one bend to direct the working device's distal end at an offset angle to the introducer and viewing assembly's axial direction.
claim 1
8. The apparatus of wherein the visualization scope's distal end surface is at an offset angle with respect to an axial direction of the introducer and viewing assembly thereby providing visualization in a direction offset to the axial direction of the introducer and viewing assembly, and the working channel's distal end portion includes at least one bend to direct the working device's distal end at an angle essentially parallel to the introducer and viewing assembly's axial direction.
claim 1
9. The apparatus of wherein the visualization scope's distal end surface is at an offset angle with respect to an axial direction of the introducer and viewing assembly thereby providing visualization in direction offset to the axial direction of the introducer and viewing assembly, and the working channel's distal end portion includes at least one bend to direct the working device's distal end at an offset angle with respect to the introducer and viewing assembly's axial direction.
claim 1
10. The apparatus of wherein the introducer and viewing assembly's distal tip member is a rotatable member with an internal channel that communicates with the working channel, the actuation means further includes means for controlling the orientation of the rotatable member thereby providing variable orientation of the distal end of the internal channel that directs of the working means' distal end.
claim 5
11. The apparatus of wherein the body member includes a handle member, the working means includes an actuation means for controlling operation of the working means and is mounted to the handle member, the actuation means includes an advancement means for translating a distal portion of the working means out from the working channel's terminus at the distal tip member.
claim 3
12. The apparatus of wherein the handle member is pivotally mounted to the body member through an articulation means for repositioning the distal end of the introducer and viewing assembly's distal tip member.
claim 11
13. The apparatus of wherein at the distal end, of the working means, a piercing needle member with an internal lumen allows translation of the working means through the internal lumen.
claim 1
14. The apparatus of wherein actuation means further includes a triggering member that interlockingly operates a spring loaded member that attaches to and advances a displacement member that attaches to a piercing needle member, the needle member has an internal lumen at the working channel's distal end.
claim 11
15. The apparatus of wherein the piercing needle member's lumen contains an optical fiber element which is a distal portion of the working means that translates independently of the piercing needle member.
claim 14
16. The apparatus of wherein the working means is an optical fiber element.
claim 11
17. The apparatus of wherein an outer surface of the introducer and viewing assembly's transparent distal tip member's outer surface is convex shaped thereby spreading and stabilizing a surface of target tissue when pressing the introducer and viewing assembly against the target tissue and enhancing viewing thereof.
claim 1
18. The apparatus of wherein the endoscope's elongated sleeve member is the endoscope's rigid visualization scope on which the introducer and viewing assembly is slidably disposed, the working means has an actuation means for controlling operation of the working means that is mounted to the body member, the actuation means includes a finger controlled trigger member connected to an advancement means for translating a distal portion of the working means out from the working channel's terminus at the distal tip member.
claim 2
19. The apparatus of wherein actuation means further includes a triggering member with a spring loaded interlocking member with the advancement means, the triggering mechanism advances a piercing needle member with an internal lumen at the working channel's distal end.
claim 18
20. The apparatus of wherein the piercing needle member's lumen contains an optical fiber which is the working means' distal portion, the fiber translates independently with respect to the piercing needle member.
claim 19
21. The apparatus of wherein the working means' distal portion is an optical fiber element.
claim 18
22. A surgical procedural apparatus for visualizing and treating tissue in a minimally invasive surgical procedure, the apparatus comprising:
working means for effectuating the surgical procedure;
a visualization scope which is an articulating bronchoscope having a body member at the proximal end, an elongated flexible catheter attached to the body member, the catheter having at least two channels wherein one channel provides optical viewing at the apparatus' distal end and a second channel is a working channel for introducing the working means to the apparatus and terminating at the distal end of the catheter;
means for deflecting the distal end portion of the catheter, a proximal end of the means for deflecting is an articulating handle member that is pivotally mounted on the body member, the handle member includes an actuation means for a) controlling operation of the working means and b) translating a distal portion of the working means out from the working channel's terminus;
actuation means includes a triggering member that interlockingly operates a spring loaded member that attaches to and advances a displacement member that attaches to a piercing needle member, the needle member has an internal lumen at the working channel's distal end; and
an essentially rigid introducer member attached and encompassing a portion of the catheter juxtaposed to the distal end portion of the catheter, the introducer member's length is sufficient to effectuate penetration by a distal end of the working means at target tissue undergoing the procedure thereby stabilizing the distal end of the working means, the introducer member includes a handle member at a proximal end thereof for the introducer member's placement within a patient, and the deflecting distal end portion of the catheter includes a flexible cup member to provide a working space for unobstructed visualization and treatment of target tissue.
23. The apparatus of wherein the piercing needle member's lumen contains an optical fiber element which is a distal portion of the working means, the optical fiber element translates independently with respect to the piercing needle member by the advancement means.
claim 22
24. A surgical procedural apparatus for visualizing and treating tissue in a minimally invasive surgical procedure, the apparatus comprising:
working means for effectuating the surgical procedure;
a visualization scope which is an articulating bronchoscope having a body member at the proximal end, an elongated flexible catheter attached to the body member, the catheter having at least two channels wherein one channel provides optical viewing at the apparatus' distal end and a second channel is a working channel for introducing the working means to the apparatus and terminating at the distal end of the catheter;
means for deflecting the distal end portion of the catheter, a proximal end of the means for deflecting is an articulating handle member that is pivotally mounted on the body member, the handle member includes an actuation means for a) controlling operation of the working means and b) translating a distal portion of the working means out from the working channel's terminus;
actuation means for advancing the working means; and
an essentially rigid introducer member that slidably encompasses a portion of the catheter juxtaposed to the distal end portion of the catheter, the introducer member's length is sufficient to effectuate penetration by a distal end of the working means at target tissue undergoing the procedure thereby stabilizing the distal end of the working means,
the introducer member includes a twist-lock coupling handle member at a proximal end of the introducer member that lockingly attaches to a gripping member permanently attached to the catheter and the deflecting distal end portion of the catheter attaches to a flexible tube with cup member that provides a working space for unobstructed visualization and treatment of target tissue, whereby the introducer member encompasses the flexible tube with cup member advanced thereover thereby providing ease of placement within a patient's chest.
25. The apparatus of wherein the actuation means includes a triggering member that interlockingly operates a spring loaded member that attaches to and advances a displacement member that attaches to a piercing needle member, the needle member has an internal lumen at the working channel's distal end.
claim 24
26. A surgical procedural apparatus for visualizing and treating tissue in a minimally invasive surgical procedure, the apparatus comprising:
a) working means for effectuating the surgical procedure;
b) a visualization endoscope having a body member at the proximal end, an elongated rigid sleeve member attached to the body member, the sleeve member having an optical viewing channel for viewing at the apparatus' distal end; and
c) a rigid introducer and viewing assembly having a length sufficient to effectuate both penetration by the working means' distal end and treatment at target tissue, the assembly including:
I) a tubular member that slidably encompasses the sleeve member,
ii) a working tube defining a working channel that attaches to the tubular member wherein the working means is configurabaly disposed therein and egressable at the assembly's distal end, and
iii) an inelastic and transparent distal tip member that encloses the tubular member's distal end wherein the working tube's distal end attaches to the tip member thereby enabling visualization of the working channel's distal end,
whereby the introducer and viewing assembly stabilizes the apparatus' distal end and reduces active muscular tissue movement during the procedure.
27. The apparatus of wherein the body member includes a pistol-type gripping handle, the working means includes an actuation means for controlling operation of the working means that is mounted to the handle, the actuation means includes an advancement means for translating a distal portion of the working means out from the working channel's terminus through the transparent distal tip member.
claim 26
28. The apparatus of wherein the advancement means includes a slider member that attaches to the working means and the slider member is translates linearly and located on the handle's outer housing.
claim 27
29. The apparatus of wherein the advancement means includes a finger trigger member that operatively attaches to the working means and the trigger member is spring-biased for resetting.
claim 27
Priority Applications (1)
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US09/853,059 US20010025174A1 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 2001-05-10 | Viewing surgical scope for minimally invasive procedures |
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US08/627,704 US5725523A (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1996-03-29 | Lateral-and posterior-aspect method and apparatus for laser-assisted transmyocardial revascularization and other surgical applications |
US08/794,733 US6027497A (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1997-02-03 | TMR energy delivery system |
US3175298A | 1998-02-27 | 1998-02-27 | |
US09/226,594 US6258083B1 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1999-01-06 | Viewing surgical scope for minimally invasive procedures |
US09/853,059 US20010025174A1 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 2001-05-10 | Viewing surgical scope for minimally invasive procedures |
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US09/226,594 Division US6258083B1 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1999-01-06 | Viewing surgical scope for minimally invasive procedures |
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US09/853,059 Abandoned US20010025174A1 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 2001-05-10 | Viewing surgical scope for minimally invasive procedures |
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US9662097B2 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2017-05-30 | Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for retrieving objects from a living body and expanding a narrowed region in the living body |
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US11628283B2 (en) | 2015-06-17 | 2023-04-18 | Shuttle Catheters Pc | Mobile balloon support catheter |
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US11331120B2 (en) | 2015-07-21 | 2022-05-17 | 3Dintegrated Aps | Cannula assembly kit |
US11039734B2 (en) | 2015-10-09 | 2021-06-22 | 3Dintegrated Aps | Real time correlated depiction system of surgical tool |
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DE102018110624A1 (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2019-11-07 | Konstantin Bob | Endoscope with extendable working channel |
US11925322B2 (en) | 2018-05-03 | 2024-03-12 | Konstantin Bob | Endoscope with extensible work channel |
US11541215B2 (en) | 2018-09-25 | 2023-01-03 | Triton Systems, Inc. | Multimodal endoscope and methods of use |
WO2020068899A1 (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2020-04-02 | Yoojeong Kim | Multimodal endoscope and methods of use |
WO2021247891A1 (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-12-09 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Device for removal of a bodily mass |
CN112169033A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-01-05 | 仇建成 | Visual drainage component |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6174307B1 (en) | 2001-01-16 |
US6258083B1 (en) | 2001-07-10 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO PAY ISSUE FEE |