US1745071A - Supervisory-control system - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 28, 1930. r R. J. WENSLEY I SUPERVISORY CONTROL SYSTEM Filed May 28, 1923 lb JVENT OR Ray J Wens/ey flaw/241i,

ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 28 1930 UNiTED STATES PATENT OFFICE ROY J. WENSLEY, OF EDGEWOOD, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR 'IO WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA SUIERVISORY-CONTROL SYSTEM Application filed May 28, 1923. Serial No. 641,900.

My invention relates, in general, to apparatus for controlling and supervising electrlcal equipment or apparatus from a remote point. 5 More particularly, my invention provides improve means for supervislng and controloperation, upon the actuation of the desired apparatus unit.

There are other objects of my invention, which together with the foregoing, w1ll be decompanying drawing, the single figure of which is a diagrammatic view of a supervising and controlling system.

11 carrying out my invention, I employ, 1n general, the scheme used ina well-known printing telegraph system. To explaln more fully, there is provided a four-conductor trunk line extending from a central control office to each substation of the system having vised. Associated with each end of the trunk line is a sunflower or commutator havmg a plurality of segments thereon. Motors are scribed hereinafter with reference to the ac-- apparatus units to be controlled and superprovided at each end of the trunk line and are substation. When the rotating brushes en gage this segment, a particular signal is operated at the central oflice to notify a dispatcjher of the occurrence at the substation.

This signal is, of course, selected by the conjoint action of the brushes over the commutators at each end of the trunk line.

To initiate the operation of an apparatus unit, the dispatcher operates a key, which energizes a relay. The relay operates to place a battery potential upon a segment of the commutator at the central office and looks itself energized. In a well known manner, by

the conjoint action of the brushes and the commutators at each end of the trunk line, the proper apparatus unit is selected and its operation initiated. The operation of the unit returns a signal to the dispatcher in the usual manner. Upon the return of the signal, the locking circuit of the above-mentioned relay is opened and the battery potential removed from the commutator segment at the dispatchers or central oflice. If the apparatus unit is notoperated, the relay remains energized and the initiating operation reoccurs until the unit is operated and the proper signal returned to the dispatcher.

While, in the drawing, I have shown a plurality of batteries at the dispatchers oiiice and at the substation, it will be understood that it is only necessary to provide two batteries of opposite and equal polarity at the dispatchers ofiice and at each substation in the system.

While I have-shown my invention applied to an electrical system of distribution employing automatic substations, it will be understood that this has been done for the purpose of convenience and-that it is,'by no means, limited to this use;

Referring now to the drawing, the apparatus on the leftof the dottedlineshows the apparatus in the dispatchers office while the equipment on the right of the dotted lines is that located in the substation. The motor 36 is used for rotating the brushes 50 to 52, in-. elusive, over the commutator or distributer. The speed of-this motor is governed by a centrifugal governor 34. The key K is of the double-throw type and is one of a group 0i keys provided for controlling the apparatus units in the substation. The lamps 32 and 33 are associated with the key K and serve to indicate the conditioii of an apparatus unit at the substation. The lamps 30 and 31 are monitor lamps to indicate certain conditions to the dispatcher, as will appear herelnafter.

Relays 10 and 11 are provided for the purpose to rotate the shaft 83, carrying the brushes to 82, inclusive, over the associated commutators. Relays 90 and 91 are provided for the purpose of controlling a circuit breaker C.

A polarized relay 92 controls the circuits of the relays 90 and 91. A time-elementzor dashpot relay 200 is adapted to attract its armature quickly and to release itslowly 1n a well known manner.

Only a portion of the equipment in the dispatchers ofiice and substation has been shown to illustrate the operation of one apparatus unit at the substation. The manner in which a plurality of apparatus units are supervised and controlled will be apparent from this.

Having briefly described the apparatus shown in the drawing, I willnow describe its detailed operation.

The motors 36 and are direct-current motors supplied from suitable sources of direct current 38 and 87, respectively. In order to provide still greater accuracy in the synchronous running of the motors, each is fitted with a centrifugal governor 34 or 86 for regulating the current flowing in the field windings.

In accordance with the speed of the motors, the governor is actuated by centrifugal force and more or less resistance is placed in series with the field and armaturewindings of the motors. By this means, the speed is maintained constant, and synchronous rotation of the shafts 53 and 83 is thus obtained. The motor 36 is adapted to rotate the brushes 50 to 52, inclusive, through the medium of a cone clutch 60 in a clockwise direction. In a like manner, the motor 85 is adapted to rotate the brushes 80 to 82, inclusive, at the substation, in a clockwise direction through the medium of a cone clutch 88 in order to insure that these brushes rotate at substantially the same speed. While I have illustrated my 1nvention as embodying a cone clutch, it will be vided for regulating and adjusting the movement of the brushes 50 to 52, inclusive. The circuits of these magnets are controlled by the polarized relay 60. Likewise, at the substation, the release magnets 164 and 94 control the adjustment of the brushes 80 to 82, inclusive. The circuits of these magnets are controlled by the polarized relay 160 at the substation. The functioning of these relays and magnets maintains the brushes in perfect synchronism, as will hereinafter appear.

In order to describe the synchronizing operation, it will be assumed that the brushes at both the dispatchers ofiice and the substation are rotating synchronously in a clockwise direction. Thus, when the brush 52 engages the contact 73, the brush 82 at the substation will be in engagement with the contact 183 and a circuits is completed extending from the negative pole of the battery 107 by way of the contact 7 3, the brush 52, through the winding of the polarized relay 60, the trunk conductor 152, through the winding of the polarized relay 160, the brush 82, contact 183, the positive pole of the battery 190, through the battery, and the trunk conductor 153 to the positive pole of the battery 107. The batteries 107 and 190 are connected in series and the armatures 61 and 161 of the polarized relays 60 and 160, respectively, are forced into engagement with the contacts 63 and 163. The operation of the armature 61 closes a circuit for the release magnet 40 over a path extending from the negative pole of the battery 67 by Way of the armature 61,

the contact member 63, through the windings of the release magnet 40, and thence to the positive pole of the battery 67. The release magnet 40 is energized over this circuit and attracts its armature 41, thereby with drawing the latch 42 from the path of the stop 43.

There are five steps such as 43 around the circumference of'a disc 75 which rotates on the same shaft as the brushes 50 to 52, inclusive. The armatures of the release magnets 40 and 64 are so arranged with respect to the stops on the circumference of the disc that, in the position shown, the rotation of the shaft 53 will be arrested by the latch 42 controlled by the armature 41 of the release magnet 40, unless it is withdrawn by operation of the magnet at the time that the wiper i 52 engages the contact 73. In case the latch is withdrawn, the shaft will move a portion of another revolution, whereupon-its rotation will be arrested by the latch 66, controlled by the armature 65 of the release magnet 64, engaging the stop'76. In this case, the wiper 52 will then be in engagement with the contact 71. In order that the shaft may continue its rotation, the release magnet 64 must then be energized. 1

While the circuit of the relays 60 and 160 is only momentarily completed, the toggle springs cause the armatures to remain in operated position, even though the circuit thereof is opened.

As has been described above, the release magnet is energized and the shaft 53 carrying the brushes to 52, inclusive, is allowed to move on.

The operation of the polarized relay 160, at the substation, closes a circuit which extends from the negative pole of the battery 180 by way of the armature 161, the contact 163, through the windings of the release magnet 94, to the positive pole of the battery 180. The release magnet 94 is energized over this circuit and operates to attract its armature 95, thereby withdrawing the latch 152 from the path of the stop 166. This operation allows. the shaft 83, carrying the brushes 80 to 82, inclusive, to rotate farther.

It will be understood that the stops such as 166 are arranged on a disc 196 attached to the shaft 83 in the same manner as the stops such as 43 are arranged on the disc 75. The release magnets 94 and 164 have the same functlons as the release magnets at-the dispatchers office.

If the brushes 50 to 52, inclusive, at the dispatchers oflice are in synchronism with the brushes 80 to 82, inclusive, at the substation when engagement is made with the contacts 71 and 181, respectively, a circuit is closed extendingfrom. the positive pole of the battery 108 by way of the contact 71,,the brush 52, through the windings of the polarized relays and 160, the brush 82 which is now in engagement with the contact 181, the said contact, the negative pole of the battery 191 through the battery, the trunk conductor 153 to the negative pole of the battery 108. The polarized relays 60 and. 160 are energized over this circuit, but, as the current flows in a direction different from that in the previous case, the armatures 61 and 161 are operated in engagement with the contacts 62 an 162, respectively.

The operation of the armature 61 of the polarized relay 60 into engagement with the contact 62 closes a circuit extending from the negative pole of the battery 67, the armature 61, the contact 62, through the winding of the release magnet 64 to the positive pole of the battery 67. The release magnet 64 is energized over this circuit and operates its ,7 armature 65, there 17 withdrawinglthe' latch 66 from the rotation of t tinue. I

At the substation, the operation of the e shaft 53 is allowed to conarmature 161 of the polarized relay 160 closes a circuit from the negative pole of the battery 180 b way of the armature 161, the contact 162, through the winding of the release magnet 164, and thence to the positive pole of the battery 180.. The release magnet 164 is energized over this circuit and operates its armature 95 to withdraw the latch 196' in the path of the stop197. The shaft 83 is thus allowed to continue rotating.

If the brushes remain in synchronism, the release magnets 40 and 94 are operated when the brushes 52 and 82, respectively, engage the bank contacts 77 and 198. This alternate operation of the release magnets 40 and 94 and 64 and 164 occurs to withdraw the stops so as to allow the shafts 53 and 83 to rotate.

Should the brush 52 lag behind the brush 82 between the contacts 71 and 77, the rotation of the shaft 83 carrying the brushes 80 to 82, inclusive, will be stopped with the brush 82 in engagement with the contact 198 until the brush 52 engages the contact 77 at the dispatchers office, the clutch 88 being constructed to allow the shaft to be stopped by the latch. The release magnets are then energized and the shafts 53 and 83 are allowed to rotate. As the circuits of the polarized relays 60 and 160 are completed ten times during each revolution of the shaft 53 or '83,

the brushes 50 to 52, inclusive, and 80 to 82,

inclusive, at the dispatchers ofiice and the substation, respectively, are thus synchroath of the stop 76 w ereby the nized ten times'each revolution. The syn- 1 chronizing operation is the same in the event that the brush 82 lags behind the brush 52.

Should it ever occur that the brushes 80 to 82, inclusive, lag behind the brushes 50 to 52, inclusive, during the travel of one-tenth of a revolution, the brush 82 may be in en gagement with the contact 181 and the brush 52 in engagement with the contact 77. Under these conditions, it is necessary to hold the brush 52 in engagement with the contact 77 until the brushes at the substation obtain a corresponding relative position. Assuming that the brushes are in the relative positions mentioned, a circuit is closed extendm from the negative pole of the battery 107 at t e dispatchers oflice,'-the contact 77, the brush 52, through the winding of the polarized relay 60, the trunk conductor 152, through the winding of the polarized relay 160, the brush 82, the-contact 181, the negative pole of the battery 191, through the battery, the conductor 153, to the positive pole of the battery 107. These two batteries are of equal otential and act in the opposite directions. 'onsequently, the polarized relays 60 and 160 maintain their the trip armatures in the same position, that is, the release ma net at the dispatchers ofiice and the re ease magnet 94 at the substation remain energized.

The operation of the release magnet 40 at thedispatchers oflice has no effect vbecause the latch 43 is not restraining the shaft 53 at this time, the latch that is restraining the movement of the shaft 58 being controlled b the release ma et 64. However, at the su station, the re ease magnet 94 remains ener ized to kee the latch 152 from the path 0% the stop, t e shaft 83 being in such position that the latch 152 would restrain its movement. When the brush 82 at the substation engages the contact 198, the release ma nets 64 and 164'are energized and the brus es are thus brought into synchronism.

By the above arran ements, the brushes to 52, inclusive, and t e brushes 80 to 82, in-

clusive, are caused to rotate in absolute synchronism.

In order to describe the signalling operation, it will be assumed that the circuit breaker C at the substation opens under automatic control, thus stopping the rotary converter R. The automatic control of the circuit interrupter C is accomplished by means of the overvoltage relay 210 and the undervoltage relay 211. It will be seen that these relays are connected across the power line.

The operation is such that, when the voltage of the power line increases to a predetermined value, the relay 210 operates to bring the armature 214 into connection with its working contact, thereby completing a circuit for ing coil of the circuit interrupter C. When t e voltage of the ower line falls to a lower predetermined va ue, the undervoltage relay 211 is deenergized to permit the armature 215 to en age its resting contact.

- By the operation 0 this armature, a circuit is closed for the closing coil of the circuit interrupter C The circuit over which the interrupter C is trip (1 by the operation of the relay 210 exten s from the positive pole of the battery 1'80,by way of back contact and armature 216, armature 214 and its front contact, tri coil 2 18 and the auxiliary switch 220 of the circuit interrupter. to the negative pole of the battery 180. The circuit over which the interrupter C is closed extends from the positive pole of battery 180, by way of back contact and armature 216, armature 215 and its back contact, closing coil 100, auxiliary switch 219, and thence to the negative pole of the batte 180.

In te present case, it has been assumed that the voltage of the line increases to such value that the relay 210 operates the armature 214, thereby com leting a circuit for the tripping coil 218 of the circuit interrupter C. When the circuit breaker opens or trips, a circuit is closed extending from the negativepole of the battery 110 by way of the contact 103, the spring 102, to the segment 84 of the dis tributer. In this manner, a negative battery potential is placed upon the segment 84. When this segment is traversed by the brush 81, that is attached to the shaft 83, in its rotation, a circuit is completed extending from the pole negative of the battery by way of the brush 81, the trunk conductor 151, the brush 51 which is now in engagement with the segment 56, through the winding of the polarized relay 12, the trunk conductor 153, to the positive pole of the battery 110.

The polarized relay 12 is energized over this circuit and operates to close a circuit extending from the negative pole of the battery 67, the sprin 29, the contact 28, to the lamp 32 of the positive pole of the battery 67. The lamp 32 is energized over this circuit and serves to notify the dispatcher of the change in position of the circuit breaker C at the substation.

Should the circuit breaker C be open and closed under automatic control, the operation is the same as above described with the exception that the polarized relay 12 operates its armature in the opposite direction and the lamp 32 is extinguished and a circuit is closed for the lamp 33. This change in the super-- visory signals again notifies the dispatcher of the operation. It will be understood that the armature 24 of the polarized relay 12 is controlled by a toggle spring so that, after once being operated to a certain position, it remains in that position until it is operated in the reverse direction.

It will now be assumed that the dispatcher desires to close'the circuit breaker C at the substation to start the rotary converter R. In this event, he momentarily throws the key K in such direction that the springs 16 and 2 are closed. Under these conditions, a circuit is closed extending from the negative pole of the battery 67, by way of the spring 16, the spring 2, through the winding of therelay 11, and thence to the positive pole of the battery 67. The relay 11 is energized over this circuit and operates to establish a locking circuit for itself extending from the negative pole of the battery 67 by way of the springs 25 and 26 of the polarized relay 12,

its front contact, through the winding of the relay 11, and thence to the positive pole of the battery 67. The operation of the armature 20 of the relay 11 closes'a circuit for the monitor lamp 30. In addition, at the armature 23, a negative battery potential from the bat tery 106 is placed upon the segment 55 of the distributer at the dispatchers oflice.

When the segment 55 is traversed by the brush 50, a circuit is closed extending from the negative pole of the battery 106 over the previously traced circuit by way of the brush 50, the trunk conductor 150, the brush 80,

which are now closed, the armature 22 and which is now in engagement with the segment and thence to the 199, the said segment, through the'windin of the dash-pot relay 200, through the win ing of the polarized relay 92, the trunk conductor 153 to the positive pole of the battery 106. The dash-pot relay 200 immediately energizes and the polarized relay 92 operates its armature 93 in such a direction as to force the springs 96 and 98 into engagement. By the latter operation, a circuit is: closed extending from the negative pole of the battery 180 by wa of the springs 204, 202 and 205 of the das -pot relay, the springs 96 and 98 of the polarized relay throu h the winding of the relay 91, andthence to t e positive pole of the battery 180.

' The relay 91 is energized over this circuit,

and operates'to'close a circuit extending from the negative pole of the battery 180, the springs 204, 202 and 205, the 5 rings 96 and- 98, the armature 116 and its ront contact, through the winding of the closin coil 100,

ositive pole of t e battery 180. The circuit Ereaker C is operated over this circuit and, in addition, uponthe completion of its operation, opens its own circuit in a well known manner. As the circuit of the dash-pot relay 200 is opened at the brush 80, after a short interval, the relay 200 is deenergized to open the circuit of the relay 91, which is also deenergized'. It will be understood that the polarized relay 92 controls such other circuits as may be necessary to secure proper startin of the rotary converter R. These have not een shown as they do not concern my invention and are well known.

By the change in condition of the circuit breaker C, a positive battery potential is placed upon the segment 84 of the distributor at the substation and, upon further revolution of its distributer, the polarized relay 12 at the dispatchers oflice is operated to place its armature 24 in the reverse gosition. By the opening of the springs 25 an 26, the locking circuit of the relay 11 is opened and this relay is deenergized.

The retraction of the armatures of the relay 11 removes the negative battery potential -from the segment 55, thus stopping the sending operation, at the armature 23 and, at the armature 20, the circuit for the monitor lamp 30 is-opened whereby-the dispatcher is apprised that the sending operation is completed; During the time that the monitor lamp 30 is lit, the dispatcher knows that the sending operation is being completed so as to initate the operation of the desired apparatus unit at the station. When the lamp 30 is extinguished, the dispatcher knows that the circuits which control the application of a potential from the battery 106 to the segment 55 have been opened. The operation of the lam 33 follows as a result of the movement 0 the armature 24 of the polarized By this change in supervisory signals, the dispatcher knows that the desired operation has occurred.

The monitor lamp 31 functions in identically the same manner as the lamp 30 when the key K is operated in the opposite direction so as to cause the engagement of the spring shown on the left to apprise the dispatcher segment ,55. The lamp 31 is, of course, extinguishe-dafter the circuit interrupter at the station is operated and an answer-back signal has been obtained indicative of its operation. The efi'acement of the lamp 31 then apprises the dispatcher that the sending circuit has been opened.

The provision of the relay'll takes a great deal of burden from the dispatcher, since it is only necessar ,for him to momentarily press the control e such as K, and the sending operation occurs until the proper apparatus unit is operated. In the event that the sending circult is not completed for some reason, the apparatus will attempt to close the circuit repeatedly until the proper apparatus unit is operated. In a like manner, if the return signal'circuit is not completed,

the apparatus will attempt to close the circuit successively until the proper answer-back operation of the apparatus is guarded against.

The operations which occur when the dispatcher controlsfsimilar apparatus units at the substation occur in the same manner as above described.

It will be noted that the circuit of the relay 90 or 91 is only momentarily closed upon the operation of the polarized relay 92. Gonsequently, the circuit breaker C may be con trolled by the relays 210 and 211 in a man- 'ner previously described.

Should it be desirable for the dispatcher to be able to lock the device or apparatus unit such as the circuit breaker C from automatic control, all that is necessary is to provide a separate polarized relay at the substation and connect it in the same manner as the relay 92. To control this relay the dispatcher will beprovided with a key. This polarized'relay, upon operating, will, when operated by the current flow through its windings in a particular direction, complete a circuit over the conductor 221 for the relay 212. The relay 212 is energized to complete a locking circuit for itself at armature 223 and to open the battery connection to the armatures 214 and 215 on the relays210 and 211, respectively, so that these relays will not function to cause the operation of the circuit interrupter. When the dispatcher desires to return the circuit interrupter C to automatic control, he will operate the proper key so as to cause one of the olarized relays at the station to be operated to complete a circuit of the application of a battery potential to the over conductor 222 for the relay 213. The relay 213 is energized to operate armature 217 to open the locking circuit of the relay 212. The relay 212 is thereupon deenergized to connect one terminal of the battery to the armatures 214 and 215 at armature 216 in an obvious manner.

The number of apparatus units at the substation that can be controlled and supervised is only limited by the number of segments that can be placed upon the distributors at the dispatchers ofiice and the substation.

The term sunflowers as used herein is intended to define two synchronously moving devices employing commutators, step-by-step switches, relays, or, in fact, any synchronous selecting movement.

-Various modifiications may be made in the apparatus illustrated without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention,

as set forth in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In combination, a first station, a second station, a circuit connecting said stations, a plurality of switching means at said first station, manual means for closing said switching means, means for thereafter retaining the switching means in closed position, a plurality of'devices at said second station, one for each of said switching means, each movable to a plurality of positions, an electromagnetic means for each device to move it to one of its positions, a second electromagnetic means for each device to move it to the other of its positions, a rotating distributor at each station associated with said circuit, having an individual selecting position for each of said switching means and corresponding devices, means for operating said distributors in synchronism whereby each of said switching means is associated with said circuit successively and simultaneously with its associated device, means including said switching means and the distributor at the first station for transmitting operating currents over the circuit when the distributor reaches a selected position, means including the distributor at the second station responsive to said currents for causing the energization of said first or second electromagnetic means, means whereby said energizing means becomes non-operativeto cause the energization of the fir'st or second electromagnetic means upon the cessation of transmission of the current, means cont-rolled by the movement of the device to the controlled position for transmitting an impulse to the first station and means responsive to said impulse for causing the retaining means to cause restoration of the switching means to its original position whereby the operating currents cease.

2. In combination, a first station, a second station, a circuit connecting said stations, a plurality of manually operated switching whereby each of said switching means is as-' sociated with said circuit successivel and simultaneously with its associated evice, means including said switching means and the distributor at the first station for transmitting operating currents over the circuit,

means including the distributor at the second station responsive to the currents for causing the energization of said electromagnetic means, means whereby upon the cessation of transmission of the current, said means becomes non-operative to cause the energization of said electromagnetic means, means controlled by the movement of the device to the controlled position and including the distributor, for transmitting an impulse to the first station and means responsive to said impulse for causing the operation of said retaining means to cause the restoration of the switching means to its original position whereby the operating currents cease.

3. In a supervisory control system, a first station, a second station, a plurality of devices at said second station, each of said devices having an open and a closed position,

electromagnetic operating means individual to each of said devices, a mechanical connection comprising a part of each of said devices controlled by said electromagnetic operating means for moving said devices to their open or closed positions, each of said operating electromagnetic means having a plurality of parallel circuit-s, a first electromagnetic controlling means for controlling one of said circuits, a second electromagnetic controlling means for controlling the other of said circuits, a distributor at each of said stations, means for operating said distributors in synchronism, said first electromagnetic controlling means being connected to individual segments on said second-station distributor, means controllediromsaid first station and including said distributors for transmitting current impulses selectively through said first electromagnetic controlling means for operating said operating electromagnetic means, means responsive tothe operation of said first electromagnetic controlling means for closing one of said circuits to the electromagnetic operating means of its associated device, whereby said device is operated to its closed position, means responsive to the operation of said device from its open to its closed position for stopping the transmission of current impulses through said first electromagnetic means, means whereby upon the cessation of the impulses, said first electromagnetic means is rendered non-operative to close said first circuit of the electromagnetic operating means and a circuit controlled by said device when in closed position, said second controlling electromagnetic means being responsive to the conditions of said circuit for closing said second circuit of the electromagnetic means associated with its device.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 26th day of May, 1923.

ROY J. WENSLEY.

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