US1439323A - Conduit - Google Patents

Description

A.; PETERSEN.

CONDUIT l Dec. 19, 1922.

FILED IUNE 9.1919.

.. @fi /f CIV Patented Dec. 1l9, 1922,

ANKER TENT PETERSEN, or Wiirrir'iwi',` MASSACHUSETTS, ssSIGNoR, nv isinsNii Assiem- ILEENTS, TO THE AMERICAN TTIREMOLD COMPANY, F HARTFORD, CQNNECTICUT,

Application tiled .Tune 9, Serial 9,692,644.

JTo all whom t may concern:

Be it known that l, ANirnnPn'innsiiN, a citizen ci the United States oi America, and resident of Winthrop, in the couiitv oi' Suffolk and State oit Massachusetts, nave' invented new' and useful improvements in Conduits, of which the following 'is a specification. l v

This invention relates' to. conduits ifor Wires, pipes and other'conductors requiring a protective or insulating covering.

lt has heretofore beencustoinary to form paper, textile, or Wire tubings for protection of electric WiringJ or small diameter tubes by Winding or Wrapping operations, by Weaving operations and sometimes by one or both of these operations in connection with a braiding operation carried out With textile yarns characterized bysinall diaineter and: by flexibility, but themselves `contributing nothing to the stiffness of the tube and'serving merely asa binder or cover ici a tube already completed by the structure built up of its remaining elements. nihe operations of the prior art by Which such Wrapped or Woven textile or composite tubular conduits are built up are not only slov7 but of such a nature that it is difficult to provide the longitudinal tensile strength of the conduits so formed. E or electrical Wiring conduits of this type are required by the insurance underwriters to stand a strain oi: two hundred or more pounds applied longi- V. linally or" the empty conduit. llt is dii'iit. t and expensive to provide a Wrapped, Woven or composite conduit having the desiied longitudinal tensilestrengthv because the best practice the prior art has heretoiiorel' required that the stiiienin and rondity of the conduit be maintained `by a stin, thick element Wrapped about the conduit as the Weit ot a Weaving operation, or as the contacting single spirals oi= a Wrap'- ping operation, and in either case in such a C position in thetube as not to add materially tothe longitudinal tensile strength.

@ne object of the present invention is to provide for the improved manufacture of such conduits or'tubes by operations which shall be rapid and economical, to economize in the cost of the textile element or ingredient ci" such conduits, andto provide a tubu lar structure displaying resistance under eX- -invention are to provide a conduit of the characteristics above mentioned adapted to be made by braiding operations adapted to be carried out yon a high speed braiding inachine, so that the machine-production cost oi the product is reduced to a minimum.

ln the accompanying drawings,- ,y

-lFigure l is an elevation with the outer covering partly removed oa4 section or" a conduit according to my invention;

lligure 2 is a transverse section of the conduit; v

Figure 3 is elevation oi the textile eienient of the' conduit;

liigure si is an elevation of tnestifi and thi-ck element oi; the conduit;

Figure 5- is a diagram Skeleton elevation showing the position in the fabric of typical textile and a typical stiiiening element.

Referring now to ig. l the'braided conduit l is substantially entirelj/ coinposed of the thick, stiff" elements 2 laid side by side 1n.'

spiral interleaved relation in sufficient nunc ber to Ahave their.` transverse sections occupy the entire periphery ci the tube. its shown parts ofthe element 2, see Fig. 2, make up the periphery of the The elements 2 preferably areo hard twisted paper cord which may have a round, flat or oval cross section, the latter being shown inA F ig. 2. Preferably these elements 2 are held together by strong but thin interbraided binder elements 3, for instance 2-20s cotton .yards oi good quality Wound and laid into the fabric in multiple parallel relation as shown. Four of the elements 3 may be braided as one, for instance, and the braid may be the 1-and-l braid of the patternY illustrated, although it Will be obvious to braiders that other relations of braided Warp and braided "v/eft Will produce the desired results, and the strucn ture iS not to be understood to be limited to a l-and-l braid. Whatever be the particular pattern of braid care is taken not to disturb the contacting relationship of the stiff, thick elements 2. llt will be understood without further explanation that the thin, textile binder elements 3, of whatever material they may be composed, will pass between the adj acent runs of the elements 2 without materially separating them, the tension of the braided strands, on the braiding machine mandrel preferably employed being suflicient to mash the elements 3 into elements 2 at their crossing and so to leave acontinuous tube vof the stiff' elements 2. As best shown in Fig. 5 a preferred relationship of diameter to the pitch or twist of both sets of Y strands, when there ar@ six strands 2, is

about one pitch of the spiral to each five diameters in lengthvof the tube.

As so formed the tube braided of elements 2 and 3 constituting the conduit proper l is an exceedingly strong but sufficiently flexible tube relatively sotight at its crevices as to resist entrance into its central cavity of the waterproof impregnating andy covering or insulating material generally used with such conduits. Any desired braided cover for ornament or structural protection may be applied to the outside of the tube l; as shown 2-and-2 twill braid of linen, silk, ramie or cotton may be applied on the outside, preferably by a simultaneous operation with that for the forming of the tube 1.

While such conduits are sometimes formed in place on the wire they are to cover, it is often the practice to insert the wire or tube to be covered into the conduit. By the construction described, the slight play between the spires of the spiral 2 at their limit of longitudinal compression [and of lateral expansion] and at their limit. of longitudinal extension, [and ofilateral compression] is sufficient to enable the conduit to be compressed in the direction of its length to receive the rounded end of a wire or tube threaded into it, and then to be locked upon the wire or tube threaded into it by stretching thecover with respect to the wire or tube. An important feature also lies in capacity to soak or dip the tube in impregnating material -without having this penetrate to its inner surface.

ll claim:

'1. A tubular conduit comprising a plurality of spirally wound thick stiff elements lying side by side and with their'adjacent longitudinal edges substantially in contact and under compressive stress when force is applied tending to elongateA the conduit, and means intermeshing therewith for holding said elements together.

2.,A tubular conduit comprising a plurality `of spirally wound thick stiff elements lying side by side and with their adjacent neeaeaa longitudinal edges substantially in contact, and means intermeshing therewith for holding said elements together, the direction of said elements being more nearly longitudinal than transverse of the conduit.v

3. A tubulary braided conduit comprising a plurality of stiff thick elements with their adjacent edges substantially in contact with each other and under compressive stress when force is applied tending to elongate the conduit, and a series'of flexible, thin binder elements interbraided with said stiff, thick elements whereby stiffness and rigidity against crushing of the conduit wall is provided by the stiff, thick elements held in place by the thin resilient elements.

4. A tubular braided conduit comprising a plurality of stiff, thick elements extending longitudinally of the conduit and with their A adjacent edges substantially in contact with each other, and a series of flexible, thin binder -elements intermeshed with said stiff elements and also extending lengthwise of the conduit, whereby stiffness and rigidity against crushing of the conduit wall is provided by the stiH, thick elementsy held in place by the thin, resilient elements.

5. A tubular braid consisting of a spirally wound series of hard, stiff components having their adjacent longitudinal edges substantially in contact throughout the length ofthe braid and ysubject. to compressive stress upon 'application of force tending to elongate the conduit, said stiff components being'held in place by a crossing series of thin, flexible components. f

6. A tubular braid consisting of a spirally wound series of hard, stiff components having their adjacent longitudinal edges substantially in contact throughout the length of the braid and held in place by a crossing series of thin, flexible components, the direction of said elements being more nearly longitudinal than transverse of the conduit,

7. A conduit consisting of a tubular braid having side by side a series of spirally wound relatively hard and stiff yarns, said yarns being so constructed and' arranged as to constitute a substantially continuous and unbroken tube, and means intermeshing therewith for holding said yarns in edgewise contact throughout the greater portion of their adjacent meeting edges.

8. A tubular conduit comprising a braided tube having elements which extend spirally in'A one direction, vcollectively constitutingy a substantially unbroken circumferential wall therefer, and other elements extending spi-v rally in the opposite direction, the elements of the two sets being interbraided at their crossings, characterized by the elements of one set greatly exceeding the elements of the other in widthk and stiffness whereby the stiffer elements form the wall of the vtubular conduit and adjacent stiffer elements are and an oppositely disposed separated only so far as to permit the crossing of the thin binder elements serving to hold them in place.

9. A conduit comprising a series of elements which extend spirally in one direction longitudinally of the conduit constituting a substantially unbroken circumferential wall therefor, and a second series or' elements which extend spirally in the opposite direction longitudinally of the conduit, the two series of elements being intermeshed at their crossings, characterized in that the elements of one series greatly exceed'thj'ose of the other in width and stiffness so that the ystiffer elements form the wall of the tubular conduit and adjacent stiffer elements are separated only so far as to admit the crossing of the other and relatively thin elements which serve to bind them in place.

10. A braided tubular conduit consisting of a spirally disposed series of hard yarns spiral series of textile yarns of a thin and pliant nature, the yarns of the rst series having their adjacent edges in contact except at the points at which the textile yarns pass between them.

1l. A braided tubular conduit consisting of a spirally disposed series ofhard paper yarns and an oppositely disposed spiral series of textile yarns of a thin and pliant nature, said paper and textile yarns constituting warp and weft elements respectivel adjacent yarns of the rst series normal y touching each other substantially throughout their lengths except at the points at which the textile yarns pass therebetween.

12. A tubular braid for use as a conduit characterized by a series of parallel spiral components of relatively large ydiameter, and means for holding said components in operative relationship consisting of relatively thin textile binder elements wound in and out between them, the adjacentcomponents of the first series contacting with each other except at the points where the textile binders pass therebetween.

13. A tubular conduit `comprising two series of strands, the strands of the respective series being interbraided with each other, adjacent strands of one series being substantially larger than those of the other and by longitudinal contact with each other constituting a substantially continuous Wall to resist penetration of impregnating material to the interior of the conduit. Y

14. A conduit comprising two sets of spirally extending interbraided elements, the elements of one set being arranged with their adjacent edges disposed opposite each other so that upon the application of tensile stress longitudinally of said conduit the elements of said one set Will engage one another and be placed under compressive strain whereby to prevent substantial diminution in diameter of said conduit.

15. vA tubular conduit comprising a plurality of spirally wound stiff, thick elements lying side by side and with their adjacent lon ltudinal edges substantially in contact an under compressive stress when force is applied tending and the means intermeshconduit comprising a plurality of stiff, thickj leleni'ents withl their adjacent edges substantially in contact with each other and under compressive stress when force is applied tending to elongate the conduit, and a series 'of flexible, thin binder elements interbraided with said stiff, thickelements whereby stiffness and rigidity against crushing of the conduit wall is provided by the still', thick elements held in place by the thin, liexible elements, and a braided .textile tube constituting an outer casing for the conduit.

17. A` conduit consisting of a tubular structure comprising two sets of interbraided spirally extending elements, the elements of one set being normally disposed in edge to edge contacting relationship so that upon the application of tensile stress longitudinally of the conduit said contacting elements will be placed under compressive strain .whereby to prevent substantial decrease in diameter of said conduit, and an outer vtubular casing enclosing said tubular structure and constructed and arranged to resist increase in` diameter of said tubular structure under internal pressure.

Signed by me at Boston, Massachusetts, this 3rd day of June, 1919.

ANKER 'PETERSEN to elongate the conduit, means intermeshing therewith for holding saidelements together, anda casing enclos-

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