EP2506363A1 - Waveguide coupling - Google Patents
Waveguide coupling Download PDFInfo
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- EP2506363A1 EP2506363A1 EP12001275A EP12001275A EP2506363A1 EP 2506363 A1 EP2506363 A1 EP 2506363A1 EP 12001275 A EP12001275 A EP 12001275A EP 12001275 A EP12001275 A EP 12001275A EP 2506363 A1 EP2506363 A1 EP 2506363A1
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- Prior art keywords
- waveguide
- coupling
- feed line
- carrier plate
- coupling element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
- H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced with unbalanced lines or devices
- H01P5/107—Hollow-waveguide/strip-line transitions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a waveguide coupling, in particular for a radar level gauge, with a waveguide, a support plate and at least one feed line, wherein the waveguide is placed on the first side of the support plate on the support plate, the feed line on and / or in the support plate in the inner region of the waveguide is guided and ends the feed line with one end in the inner region of the waveguide.
- Such waveguide couplings have long been known in high frequency engineering and they are used as an interface between an electronic device generating an electromagnetic signal and the supply of the line-guided signal in the interior of the waveguide.
- the carrier plate usually consists of a board known from circuit technology, wherein the feed line is often designed as a microstrip line and is guided through a recess in the waveguide in the interior of the waveguide, where the conducted electromagnetic wave of the feedline separates and propagates as a guided electromagnetic wave in the waveguide.
- the guided electromagnetic wave ultimately leave the waveguide as a free space wave, either immediately after exiting the waveguide or after passing through an adjoining the waveguide radiation device, which is often provided to achieve a specific radiation characteristics is; in the latter case, the waveguide serves quasi only as a transition element.
- the shape of the waveguide as well as the injected electromagnetic signal decide which modes of an electromagnetic wave ultimately propagate in the waveguide.
- electromagnetic waves with frequencies in the GHz range are used for radar applications.
- the previously derived object is achieved in the waveguide coupling described above in that the carrier plate is continuously extending into the inner region of the waveguide and thus beyond the end of the feed line that in the vicinity of the end of the feed line on and / or in the carrier plate an electrically conductive input element is arranged, so that the coupling element is capacitively coupled to the feed line and the coupling element of the coupling of guided via the feed line into the waveguide electromagnetic waves in the waveguide is used.
- the fact that the support plate is continuously extending into the inner region of the waveguide so practically represents a continuous plate, eliminates the operation of the exemption of that end of the feed line, which ends in the interior of the waveguide, also mechanically sensitive structures are avoided.
- the electrically conductive coupling element in the vicinity of the end of the feed line it is possible to adjust the waveguide coupling electromagnetically and, for example, to influence the bandwidth to the desired center frequency of the leading electromagnetic waves.
- the coupling element is arranged substantially in the center of the waveguide and / or in the carrier plate. If previously it is mentioned that the feed line is guided on and / or in the carrier plate, or that the coupling element is arranged on and / or in the carrier plate, then it is meant that the electrically conductive elements are not necessarily on a surface of the Carrier plate must be realized, but rather, they can also be realized as conductive structures in a printed circuit board, as is known, for example, from multilayer boards.
- the coupling element thus has a longitudinal web and a transverse web, wherein the longitudinal web and the crosspiece are arranged in a cross shape.
- the longitudinal web and the crosspiece do not have to be distinguishable as individual, overlapping structures, but rather can also be present as a single structure in which only a geometrical distinction can be made between a longitudinal web and a transverse web.
- the cross shape of the coupling element brings an unexpected positive effect in terms of achievable and achieved bandwidth with it. While with conventional constructions bandwidths are achieved with an adaptation of better than 15 dB of usually not more than about 10% of the carrier frequency, with the described cross-shaped coupling element bandwidths of about 20% of the carrier frequency can be achieved, which brings a significant advantage.
- the bandwidth can be varied, with which an adaptation above a predetermined attenuation is achieved by a desired center frequency.
- the coupling element is preferably designed such that the characteristic dimensions of the coupling element are in the range of one quarter of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves to be emitted.
- characteristic dimensions is meant, for example, the longitudinal and transverse extent of the coupling element, in the case of the cross-shaped configuration of the coupling element so the extension of the longitudinal web and the transverse web of the coupling element.
- account must be taken here of the effective relative permittivity of the design - for example, resulting from the relative permittivities of the support plate and surrounding air - since this is a scaling factor, the scaling factor being more precisely the reciprocal of the root from the effective relative pennittivity.
- the carrier plate has on its first side, on which the waveguide is mounted, or on its second side opposite the first side or in an intermediate layer, the feed line, the coupling element and an electrically conductive screen surface.
- the electrically conductive shielding surface and the feed line are realized separately from one another, wherein the feed line, the coupling element and the shielding surface are realized in particular as a metallization of the carrier plate. It makes sense to photolithographically make the production of these electrically conductive structures in a known manner, since it is readily possible to carry out the required precision in the execution of the structures in the range of millimeter fractions clean.
- the electrically conductive shielding surface contacts the waveguide on its end face, wherein the shielding surface surrounds the waveguide in particular over a large area. Since the electrically conductive waveguide is connected at its end face to the likewise electrically conductive shielding surface, it is possible in a very simple manner to place the shielding surface and waveguide at a common electrical potential, for example at ground potential.
- the carrier plate on its first side, on which the waveguide is placed, or on its first side opposite the second side or in an intermediate layer has a large area further electrically conductive screen surface and preferably outside the range, which is opposite to the inner cross-sectional surface of the waveguide, wherein the further shield surface is in turn realized in particular as a metallization of the carrier plate or as a metallic intermediate layer.
- the entire surface of the carrier plate can be provided in a simple manner with a defined potential and can suppress interference emissions.
- the shielding surface and / or the further shielding surface into the inner cross-sectional surface of the waveguide with an influencing extension, wherein the influencing extension is aligned in particular to the center of the inner cross-sectional surface of the waveguide, preferably in alignment with the feedline is.
- the influencing extension remains in the vicinity of the circumference of the inner cross-sectional area of the waveguide, ie preferably does not protrude into the region of the coupling element.
- a conductive cap on the second side of the support plate in geometrical continuation of the waveguide to be placed the electrically conductive cap then with its end face in particular those on the second side of the support plate arranged large screen area or the other screen contacted.
- the support plate has on its first side opposite the second side - or again in an intermediate layer - in continuation of the waveguide an electrically conductive layer as the conclusion of the waveguide.
- a distance from the end of the waveguide is preferably realized to the coupling element, which is also a quarter of the wavelength of the guided electromagnetic waves.
- the waveguide and / or the cap are filled with a potting compound, wherein the permittivity of the dielectric used as potting compound is to be considered in the dimensioning of those structures in the generation and guidance of the desired electromagnetic Waves are involved.
- a filled with a potting compound waveguide it is particularly advantageous if the support plate in the region of the inner cross-sectional area of the waveguide has at least one recess - for example in the form of a bore - as can spread over these recesses an initially liquid potting compound in all areas of waveguide coupling ,
- Fig. 1 a waveguide coupling 1 known from the prior art is shown, wherein Fig. 1a a waveguide 2, a support plate 3 and a feed line 4 has.
- the waveguide 2 is placed in the assembled state on the first side 5 of the support plate 3 on the support plate 3, which in Fig. 1a is indicated by a dashed line.
- the feed line 4 is guided on the support plate 3 in the inner region 5 of the waveguide, in any case, this applies to the mounting state. Accordingly, the feed line 4 terminates at one end 7 in the inner region 6 of the waveguide 2, the end 7 of the feed line 4 projecting into the inner region 6 of the waveguide 2 in the axial direction of the waveguide 2, ie actually at an outer end in the irradiation region of the waveguide 2 is provided.
- Fig. 1b is good to see that the one end 7 of the feed line 4 in the Interior 6 of the in Fig. 1b itself not shown waveguide ends and there is free, namely protruding into a milled recess 8. It is readily conceivable that the end 7 of the feed line 4 is cumbersome to produce and, moreover, is mechanically very sensitive.
- waveguide couplings according to the invention 1 or components of such waveguide couplings 1 are shown.
- the support plate 3 extends continuously into the inner region 6 of the waveguide 2, so that therefore the end 7 of the feed line 4 is not optional, so no matching the contour of the end 7 of the feed line 4 recess in the inner region of the waveguide in the support plate 3 is provided , It therefore eliminates the time-consuming processing step of producing a precise opening of the support plate 3.
- the support plate 3 extends continuously into the inner region 6 of the waveguide 2, so that therefore the end 7 of the feed line 4 is not optional, so no matching the contour of the end 7 of the feed line 4 recess in the inner region of the waveguide in the support plate 3 is provided , It therefore eliminates the time-consuming processing step of producing a precise opening of the support plate 3.
- an electrically conductive coupling element 9 is provided, wherein the indication "in the vicinity of the end 7 of the feed line 4" is to be understood that the coupling element 9 capacitively with the Feed line 4 and is coupled to the end 7 of the feed line 4 and the coupling element 9 of the coupling of guided via the feed line 4 in the waveguide 6 electromagnetic waves in the waveguide 6 is used.
- the shape of the coupling element 9 is crucial for the adaptation of the waveguide coupling, wherein it is advantageous regardless of the shape of the coupling element 9, if - as in the Fig. 2 to 5 shown - the coupling element 9 is arranged substantially in the center of the waveguide 2 on the support plate 3; the electromagnetic waves emitted by the coupling element 9 are thus emitted practically symmetrically with respect to the wall of the waveguide 2.
- the coupling element 9 has a longitudinal web 9a and a transverse web 9b, wherein the longitudinal web 9a and the transverse web 9b form a total of a cross.
- a good adaptation of the waveguide coupling 1 is realized primarily by the longitudinal web 9a, wherein with the crossbar 9b further, but not so significant from the scope improvements of the adjustment can be achieved.
- the characteristic dimensions of the coupling element 9 are in the range of one quarter of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves to be emitted, wherein the characteristic dimensions in the present case in each case the longitudinal extent of the longitudinal web 9a and the cross bar 9b.
- the feed line 4 is aligned substantially tapered straight to the center of the inner cross-sectional area of the waveguide 2, that is, in the case of the circular waveguide 2 radially extends, wherein the longitudinal web 9a of the coupling element 9 is arranged in extension of the feed line 4.
- the in the Figures 2 and 4 illustrated embodiments are characterized in that the support plate 3 on its first side 5, to which the waveguide is mounted in the assembled state - not shown in the Fig. 2 and 4 -
- the Fig. 2 in particular the Fig.
- the carrier plate 3 on its first side 5 opposite the second side 12 has a large area further electrically conductive screen surface 13 and that outside of the area opposite the inner cross-sectional area of the waveguide, wherein the further shield surface 13 also as a metallization of the support plate 3rd is realized.
- the waveguide coupling 1 in Fig. 5 shows an exactly opposite structure of the assignment of the first page 5 and the second side 12 of the support plate 3.
- the waveguide 2 is indeed also placed on the first side 5 of the support plate 3, but the feed line 4 and the coupling element on the second page 12 of the Carrier plate 3 realized as metallization, which works just as well; Both solutions shown are technically equivalent and equally easy to manufacture.
- Fig. 5 is further shown that on the second side 12 of the support plate 3 in continuation of the waveguide 2, an electrically conductive cap 15 is placed as a conclusion of the waveguide 2, wherein the electrically conductive cap 15 consists of an electrically conductive base portion 15a and an electrically conductive terminating element 15b wherein the end element 15b can be inserted into the base part 15a.
- Fig. 5 is further shown that an electrically conductive connection between the waveguide 2 and the cap 15 is made by a plurality of vias 16, which are embedded in the support plate 3.
- the plated-through holes 16 make an electrically conductive connection between the electrically conductive screen surface 11 on one side of the carrier plate 3 and the further electrically conductive screen surface 13 on the other side of the carrier element 3.
- the feed line 4 the coupling element 9 and the shielding surface 11 are provided on the side of the waveguide 2 of the support member 3 or on the side of the termination 15, just as it is of crucial importance, whether the further shield surface 13 on the waveguide 2 facing side of the support plate 3 is provided or on the other, the end 15 facing side of the support plate 3.
- Vias 16 are also in Fig. 3 shown.
- This in Fig. 2 illustrated embodiment is designed for the coupling of electromagnetic waves with a center frequency of 80 GHz, in this case for coupling a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave, wherein the waveguide is designed round and with an inner diameter of 2.6 mm, the longitudinal web 9a and the transverse web 9b of Einkoppelelements 9 have a length of 0.84 mm, and the support plate 3 has an edge length of about 6 mm.
- the shape and dimensions of the coupling element 9 it is possible to achieve an adjustment better than 15 dB for a bandwidth of about 17 GHz and 21% of the center frequency. It should be noted here that the specifications apply to a design without encapsulation; in the case of encapsulation, the relative permittivity of the encapsulant must also be taken into account when dimensioning
- the embodiment according to Fig. 3 is optimized for a coupling of a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave with a center frequency of 6 GHz, wherein the - not shown waveguide - is designed round and with an inner diameter of 21.6 mm, the longitudinal web 9a of the coupling element 9 has a length of 5.5 mm and the transverse web 9b of the coupling element 9 has a length of 7.4 mm and wherein the carrier plate 3 has an edge length of about 32 mm.
- a potting compound is used with a relative permittivity of about 4, which has also been taken into account in the aforementioned interpretation. If the potting is omitted or replaced by a potting with a different relative permittivity, the dimensions must be adjusted accordingly.
- Fig. 3 it is further shown that the support plate in the region of the inner cross-sectional surface of the waveguide recesses 17a, 17b, which serve above all the better Ver Schollberry the waveguide 1 with a potting compound and are designed as holes. These holes are easy to manufacture and reduce the advantage of the illustrated embodiment of a waveguide coupling 1 with an otherwise continuous support plate 3, since holes are very easy to manufacture compared to a milled exemption of the feed line 4.
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Hohlleitereinkopplung, insbesondere für ein Radar-Füllstandmessgerät, mit einem Hohlleiter, einer Trägerplatte und wenigstens einer Speiseleitung, wobei der Hohlleiter auf der ersten Seite der Trägerplatte auf die Trägerplatte aufgesetzt ist, die Speiseleitung auf und/oder in der Trägerplatte in den Innenbereich des Hohlleiters geführt ist und die Speiseleitung mit einem Ende im Innenbereich des Hohlleiters endet.The present invention relates to a waveguide coupling, in particular for a radar level gauge, with a waveguide, a support plate and at least one feed line, wherein the waveguide is placed on the first side of the support plate on the support plate, the feed line on and / or in the support plate in the inner region of the waveguide is guided and ends the feed line with one end in the inner region of the waveguide.
Derartige Hohlleitereinkopplungen sind in der Hochfrequenztechnik seit langem bekannt und sie werden als Schnittstelle zwischen einer ein elektromagnetisches Signal erzeugenden Elektronikeinrichtung und der Einspeisung des leitungsgeführten Signals in den Innenraum des Hohlleiters verwendet. Bei aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Hohlleitereinkopplungen besteht die Trägerplatte üblicherweise aus einer aus der Schaltungstechnik bekannten Platine, wobei die Speiseleitung häufig als Mikrostreifenleitung ausgeführt ist und durch eine Ausnehmung in dem Hohlleiter in den Innenraum des Hohlleiters geführt wird, wo sich die leitungsgeführte elektromagnetische Welle von der Speiseleitung trennt und sich als geführte elektromagnetische Welle in dem Hohlleiter ausbreitet. Bei der beispielhaft angeführten Anwendung im Rahmen eines Radar-Füllstandmessgeräts kann die geführte elektromagnetische Welle den Hohlleiter letztlich auch als Freiraumwelle verlassen, entweder unmittelbar nach Austritt aus dem Hohlleiter oder nach Durchlaufen einer sich an den Hohlleiter anschließenden Abstrahleinrichtung, die häufig zur Erzielung einer bestimmten Abstrahlcharakteristik vorgesehen ist; im letzteren Fall dient der Hohlleiter quasi nur als Übergangselement. Die Form des Hohlleiters wie auch das eingespeiste elektromagnetische Signal entscheiden darüber, welche Moden einer elektromagnetischen Welle sich letztlich in dem Hohlleiter ausbreiten. Üblicherweise werden elektromagnetische Wellen mit Frequenzen im GHz-Bereich für Radaranwendungen verwendet.Such waveguide couplings have long been known in high frequency engineering and they are used as an interface between an electronic device generating an electromagnetic signal and the supply of the line-guided signal in the interior of the waveguide. In waveguide couplings known from the prior art, the carrier plate usually consists of a board known from circuit technology, wherein the feed line is often designed as a microstrip line and is guided through a recess in the waveguide in the interior of the waveguide, where the conducted electromagnetic wave of the feedline separates and propagates as a guided electromagnetic wave in the waveguide. In the example given application in the context of a radar level gauge, the guided electromagnetic wave ultimately leave the waveguide as a free space wave, either immediately after exiting the waveguide or after passing through an adjoining the waveguide radiation device, which is often provided to achieve a specific radiation characteristics is; in the latter case, the waveguide serves quasi only as a transition element. The shape of the waveguide as well as the injected electromagnetic signal decide which modes of an electromagnetic wave ultimately propagate in the waveguide. Usually, electromagnetic waves with frequencies in the GHz range are used for radar applications.
Aus dem Stand der Technik ist bekannt, dass das die Speiseleitung im Innenbereich des Hohlleiters umgebende Material der Trägerplatte entfernt wird - beispielsweise durch Fräsen -, so dass das Ende der Speiseleitung praktisch freigelegt ist. Dieser Vorgang ist vergleichsweise aufwendig, da insbesondere bei hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Wellen die resultierenden Strukturen klein und damit mechanisch empfindlich sind, so dass hohe Anforderungen an die Präzision der auszuführenden Fräsarbeiten gestellt werden müssen. Derartige Konstruktionen sind beispielsweise bekannt aus
Es ist damit Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine solche Hohlleitereinkopplung anzugeben, die eine größere Stabilität aufweist und einfach zu fertigen ist.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide such a waveguide coupling, which has a greater stability and is easy to manufacture.
Die zuvor hergeleitete Aufgabe ist bei der eingangs beschriebenen Hohlleitereinkopplung dadurch gelöst, dass die Trägerplatte durchgehend auch in den Innenbereich des Hohlleiters und damit über das Ende der Speiseleitung hinaus erstreckt ist, dass in Nähe des Endes der Speiseleitung auf und/oder in der Trägerplatte ein elektrisch leitfähiges Einkoppelelement angeordnet ist, so dass das Einkoppelelement kapazitiv mit der Speiseleitung gekoppelt ist und das Einkoppelelement der Einkopplung von über die Speiseleitung in den Hohlleiter geführten elektromagnetischer Wellen in den Hohlleiter dient. Dadurch, dass die Trägerplatte durchgehend auch in den Innenbereich des Hohlleiters erstreckt ist, also praktisch eine durchgehende Platte darstellt, entfällt der Arbeitsgang der Freistellung desjenigen Endes der Speiseleitung, das im Innenbereich des Hohlleiters endet, ferner werden mechanisch empfindliche Strukturen vermieden. Durch das elektrisch leitfähige Einkoppelelement in der Nähe des Endes der Speiseleitung ist es möglich, die Hohlleitereinkopplung elektromagnetisch anzupassen und beispielsweise die Bandbreite um die gewünschte Mittenfrequenz der zu führenden elektromagnetischen Wellen zu beeinflussen.The previously derived object is achieved in the waveguide coupling described above in that the carrier plate is continuously extending into the inner region of the waveguide and thus beyond the end of the feed line that in the vicinity of the end of the feed line on and / or in the carrier plate an electrically conductive input element is arranged, so that the coupling element is capacitively coupled to the feed line and the coupling element of the coupling of guided via the feed line into the waveguide electromagnetic waves in the waveguide is used. The fact that the support plate is continuously extending into the inner region of the waveguide, so practically represents a continuous plate, eliminates the operation of the exemption of that end of the feed line, which ends in the interior of the waveguide, also mechanically sensitive structures are avoided. By the electrically conductive coupling element in the vicinity of the end of the feed line, it is possible to adjust the waveguide coupling electromagnetically and, for example, to influence the bandwidth to the desired center frequency of the leading electromagnetic waves.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung hat es sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, wenn das Einkoppelelement im Wesentlichen im Zentrum des Hohlleiters auf und/oder in der Trägerplatte angeordnet ist. Wenn zuvor davon die Rede ist, dass die Speiseleitung auf und/oder in der Trägerplatte geführt ist, oder dass das Einkoppelelement auf und/oder in der Trägerplatte angeordnet ist, dann ist damit gemeint, dass die elektrisch leitenden Elemente nicht zwingend auf einer Oberfläche der Trägerplatte realisiert sein müssen, sondern vielmehr auch als leitfähige Strukturen in einer Leiterplatte realisiert sein können, wie dies beispielsweise von Multilayer-Platinen bekannt ist.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it has been found to be advantageous if the coupling element is arranged substantially in the center of the waveguide and / or in the carrier plate. If previously it is mentioned that the feed line is guided on and / or in the carrier plate, or that the coupling element is arranged on and / or in the carrier plate, then it is meant that the electrically conductive elements are not necessarily on a surface of the Carrier plate must be realized, but rather, they can also be realized as conductive structures in a printed circuit board, as is known, for example, from multilayer boards.
Als besonders geeignete Struktur für das Einkoppelelement hat sich eine Kreuzform herausgestellt, so dass das Einkoppelelement also einen Längssteg und einen Quersteg aufweist, wobei der Längssteg und der Quersteg kreuzförmig angeordnet sind. Der Längssteg und der Quersteg müssen selbstverständlich nicht als einzelne, sich überlappende Strukturen unterscheidbar sein, können vielmehr auch als eine einzige Struktur vorhanden sein, bei der lediglich geometrisch zwischen einem Längssteg und einem Quersteg unterschieden werden kann. Die Kreuzform des Einkoppelelements bringt einen unerwarteten positiven Effekt hinsichtlich der erzielbaren und erzielten Bandbreite mit sich. Während mit herkömmlichen Konstruktionen Bandbreiten bei einer Anpassung von besser als 15 dB von meist nicht mehr als etwa 10 % der Trägerfrequenz erzielt werden, sind mit dem beschriebenen kreuzförmigen Einkoppelelement Bandbreiten von etwa 20 % der Trägerfrequenz erzielbar, was einen erheblichen Vorteil mit sich bringt.As a particularly suitable structure for the coupling element, a cross shape has been found, so that the coupling element thus has a longitudinal web and a transverse web, wherein the longitudinal web and the crosspiece are arranged in a cross shape. Of course, the longitudinal web and the crosspiece do not have to be distinguishable as individual, overlapping structures, but rather can also be present as a single structure in which only a geometrical distinction can be made between a longitudinal web and a transverse web. The cross shape of the coupling element brings an unexpected positive effect in terms of achievable and achieved bandwidth with it. While with conventional constructions bandwidths are achieved with an adaptation of better than 15 dB of usually not more than about 10% of the carrier frequency, with the described cross-shaped coupling element bandwidths of about 20% of the carrier frequency can be achieved, which brings a significant advantage.
Durch Variation der Länge des Längssteges und der Länge des Quersteges kann beispielsweise die Bandbreite variiert werden, mit der eine Anpassung oberhalb einer vorgegebenen Dämpfung um eine gewünschte Mittenfrequenz erreicht wird.By varying the length of the longitudinal web and the length of the transverse web, for example, the bandwidth can be varied, with which an adaptation above a predetermined attenuation is achieved by a desired center frequency.
Das Einkoppelelement ist vorzugsweise so ausgestaltet, dass die charakteristischen Abmessungen des Einkoppelelements im Bereich von einem Viertel der Wellenlänge der zu emittierenden elektromagnetischen Wellen liegen. Unter "charakteristischen Abmessungen" ist beispielsweise die Längs- und Quererstreckung des Einkoppelelements gemeint, im Falle der kreuzförmigen Ausgestaltung des Einkoppelelementes also die Erstreckung des Längssteges und des Quersteges des Einkoppelelements. In jedem Fall ist hier jedoch die effektive relative Permittivität der Konstruktion zu berücksichtigen - beispielweise sich ergebend aus den relativen Permittivitäten von Trägerplatte und umgebender Luft -, da diese als Skalierungsfaktor eingeht, wobei der Skalierungsfaktor genauer der Kehrwert der Wurzel aus der effektiven relativen Pennittivität ist.The coupling element is preferably designed such that the characteristic dimensions of the coupling element are in the range of one quarter of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves to be emitted. By "characteristic dimensions" is meant, for example, the longitudinal and transverse extent of the coupling element, in the case of the cross-shaped configuration of the coupling element so the extension of the longitudinal web and the transverse web of the coupling element. In any case, however, account must be taken here of the effective relative permittivity of the design - for example, resulting from the relative permittivities of the support plate and surrounding air - since this is a scaling factor, the scaling factor being more precisely the reciprocal of the root from the effective relative pennittivity.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Trägerplatte auf ihrer ersten Seite, auf die der Hohlleiter aufgesetzt ist, oder auf ihrer der ersten Seite gegenüberliegenden zweiten Seite oder in einer Zwischenschicht die Speiseleitung, das Einkoppelelement und eine elektrisch leitfähige Schirmfläche aufweist. Selbstverständlich sind die elektrisch leitfähige Schirmfläche und die Speiseleitung getrennt voneinander realisiert, wobei die Speiseleitung, das Einkoppelelement und die Schirmfläche insbesondere als Metallisierung der Trägerplatte realisiert sind. Es bietet sich an, die Herstellung dieser elektrisch leitfähigen Strukturen in bekannter Weise fotolithografisch vorzunehmen, da es hier ohne Weiteres möglich ist, die erforderliche Präzision bei der Ausführung der Strukturen auch im Bereich von Millimeter-Bruchteilen sauber auszuführen.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the carrier plate has on its first side, on which the waveguide is mounted, or on its second side opposite the first side or in an intermediate layer, the feed line, the coupling element and an electrically conductive screen surface. Of course, the electrically conductive shielding surface and the feed line are realized separately from one another, wherein the feed line, the coupling element and the shielding surface are realized in particular as a metallization of the carrier plate. It makes sense to photolithographically make the production of these electrically conductive structures in a known manner, since it is readily possible to carry out the required precision in the execution of the structures in the range of millimeter fractions clean.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung kontaktiert die elektrisch leitfähige Schirmfläche den Hohlleiter an seiner Stirnfläche, wobei die Schirmfläche den Hohlleiter insbesondere großflächig umgibt. Da der elektrisch leitfähige Hohlleiter an seiner Stirnfläche mit der ebenfalls elektrisch leitfähigen Schirmfläche verbunden ist, ist es auf sehr einfache Weise möglich, Schirmfläche und Hohlleiter auf ein gemeinsames elektrisches Potential zu legen, beispielsweise auf Masse-Potential.According to an advantageous development, the electrically conductive shielding surface contacts the waveguide on its end face, wherein the shielding surface surrounds the waveguide in particular over a large area. Since the electrically conductive waveguide is connected at its end face to the likewise electrically conductive shielding surface, it is possible in a very simple manner to place the shielding surface and waveguide at a common electrical potential, for example at ground potential.
Es hat sich ebenfalls als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, wenn die Trägerplatte auf ihrer ersten Seite, auf der der Hohlleiter aufgesetzt ist, oder auf ihrer der ersten Seite gegenüberliegenden zweiten Seite oder in einer Zwischenschicht eine großflächige weitere elektrisch leitfähige Schirmfläche aufweist und zwar bevorzugt außerhalb des Bereiches, der der inneren Querschnittsfläche des Hohlleiters gegenüberliegt, wobei die weitere Schirmfläche wiederum insbesondere als Metallisierung der Trägerplatte realisiert ist oder als metallische Zwischenschicht. Auf diese Weise lässt sich die gesamte Oberfläche der Trägerplatte auf einfache Weise mit einem definierten Potential versehen und lassen sich Störemissionen unterdrücken.It has also been found to be advantageous if the carrier plate on its first side, on which the waveguide is placed, or on its first side opposite the second side or in an intermediate layer has a large area further electrically conductive screen surface and preferably outside the range, which is opposite to the inner cross-sectional surface of the waveguide, wherein the further shield surface is in turn realized in particular as a metallization of the carrier plate or as a metallic intermediate layer. In this way, the entire surface of the carrier plate can be provided in a simple manner with a defined potential and can suppress interference emissions.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist erkannt worden, dass es auf überraschend einfache Weise möglich ist, unerwünschte Moden in dem Hohlleiter zu unterdrücken. Dies kann dadurch erreicht werden, dass die Schirmfläche und/oder die weitere Schirmfläche mit einem Beeinflussungsfortsatz in die innere Querschnittsfläche des Hohlleiters hineinragt, wobei der Beeinflussungsfortsatz insbesondere auf das Zentrum der inneren Querschnittsfläche des Hohlleiters zulaufend ausgerichtet ist, bevorzugt in einer Flucht mit der Speiseleitung angeordnet ist. Dabei bleibt der Beeinflussungsfortsatz trotz seiner Orientierung in Richtung auf das Zentrum der inneren Querschnittsfläche des Hohlleiters in der Nähe des Umfangs der inneren Querschnittsfläche des Hohlleiters, ragt also vorzugsweise nicht in den Bereich des Einkoppelelements.In the context of the invention it has been recognized that it is possible in a surprisingly simple manner to suppress unwanted modes in the waveguide. This can be achieved by projecting the shielding surface and / or the further shielding surface into the inner cross-sectional surface of the waveguide with an influencing extension, wherein the influencing extension is aligned in particular to the center of the inner cross-sectional surface of the waveguide, preferably in alignment with the feedline is. In this case, despite its orientation in the direction of the center of the inner cross-sectional area of the waveguide, the influencing extension remains in the vicinity of the circumference of the inner cross-sectional area of the waveguide, ie preferably does not protrude into the region of the coupling element.
Um einen Abschluss des Hohlleiters in der der Abstrahlrichtung entgegengesetzten Richtung zu erzielen, kann entweder eine leitfähige Kappe auf der zweiten Seite der Trägerplatte in geometrischer Fortsetzung des Hohlleiters aufgesetzt sein, wobei die elektrisch leitfähige Kappe dann mit ihrer Stirnfläche insbesondere die auf der zweiten Seite der Trägerplatte angeordnete großflächige Schirmfläche oder die weitere Schirmfläche kontaktiert. Alternativ kann jedoch auch vorgesehen sein, dass die Trägerplatte auf ihrer der ersten Seite gegenüberliegenden zweiten Seite - oder wiederum in einer Zwischenschicht - in Fortsetzung des Hohlleiters eine elektrisch leitfähige Schicht als Abschluss des Hohlleiters aufweist. In beiden Varianten wird bevorzugt ein Abstand vom Abschluss des Hohlleiters zu dem Einkoppelelement realisiert, der ebenfalls ein Viertel der Wellenlänge der geführten elektromagnetischen Wellen beträgt.In order to achieve a conclusion of the waveguide in the direction opposite to the direction of radiation, either a conductive cap on the second side of the support plate in geometrical continuation of the waveguide to be placed, the electrically conductive cap then with its end face in particular those on the second side of the support plate arranged large screen area or the other screen contacted. Alternatively, however, it can also be provided that the support plate has on its first side opposite the second side - or again in an intermediate layer - in continuation of the waveguide an electrically conductive layer as the conclusion of the waveguide. In both variants, a distance from the end of the waveguide is preferably realized to the coupling element, which is also a quarter of the wavelength of the guided electromagnetic waves.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der Hohlleiter und/oder die Kappe mit einer Vergussmasse ausgefüllt sind, wobei die Permittivität des als Vergussmasse verwendeten Dielektrikums bei der Dimensionierung derjenigen Strukturen zu berücksichtigen ist, die bei der Erzeugung und Führung der gewünschten elektromagnetischen Wellen beteiligt sind. Bei einer mit einer Vergussmasse gefüllten Hohlleitereinkopplung ist es besonders vorteilig, wenn die Trägerplatte im Bereich der inneren Querschnittsfläche des Hohlleiters wenigstens eine Ausnehmung aufweist - beispielsweise in Form einer Bohrung - da sich über diese Ausnehmungen eine zunächst noch flüssige Vergussmasse in alle Bereiche der Hohlleitereinkopplung ausbreiten kann.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the waveguide and / or the cap are filled with a potting compound, wherein the permittivity of the dielectric used as potting compound is to be considered in the dimensioning of those structures in the generation and guidance of the desired electromagnetic Waves are involved. In a filled with a potting compound waveguide, it is particularly advantageous if the support plate in the region of the inner cross-sectional area of the waveguide has at least one recess - for example in the form of a bore - as can spread over these recesses an initially liquid potting compound in all areas of waveguide coupling ,
Im Einzelnen gibt es nun eine Vielzahl von Möglichkeiten, die erfindungsgemäße Hohlleitereinkopplung auszugestalten und weiterzubilden. Dazu wird verwiesen einerseits auf die dem Patentanspruch 1 nachgeordneten Patentansprüche, andererseits auf die folgende Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung. In der Zeichnung zeigt
- Fig. 1
- eine aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Hohlleitereinkopplung in Seitenansicht und in Draufsicht,
- Fig. 2
- eine Trägerplatte einer erfindungsgemäßen Hohlleitereinkopplung von der ersten Seite und von der zweiten Seite in Draufsicht,
- Fig. 3
- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Trägerplatte für eine erfindungsgemäße Hohlleitereinkopplung,
- Fig. 4
- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Trägerplatte für eine erfindungsgemäße Hohlleitereinkopplung und
- Fig. 5
- eine Explosionsdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Hohlleitereinkopplung.
- Fig. 1
- a known from the prior art waveguide coupling in side view and in plan view,
- Fig. 2
- a carrier plate of a waveguide coupling according to the invention from the first side and from the second side in plan view,
- Fig. 3
- a further embodiment of a carrier plate for a waveguide coupling according to the invention,
- Fig. 4
- a further embodiment of a carrier plate for a waveguide coupling according to the invention and
- Fig. 5
- an exploded view of a waveguide coupling according to the invention.
In
Die Speiseleitung 4 ist auf der Trägerplatte 3 in den Innenbereich 5 des Hohlleiters geführt, jedenfalls trifft das auf den Montagezustand zu. Die Speiseleitung 4 endet demnach mit einem Ende 7 im Innenbereich 6 des Hohlleiters 2, wobei das Ende 7 der Speiseleitung 4 in axialer Richtung des Hohlleiters 2 betrachtet in den Innenbereich 6 des Hohlleiters 2 hineinragt, tatsächlich also an einem äußeren Ende im Einstrahlungsbereich des Hohlleiters 2 vorgesehen ist. In
In den
Die Formgebung des Einkoppelelements 9 ist entscheidend für die Anpassung der Hohlleitereinkopplung, wobei es ungeachtet von der Form des Einkoppelelements 9 vorteilhaft ist, wenn - wie in den
Bei den Ausführungsbeispielen ist vorgesehen, dass das Einkoppelelement 9 einen Längssteg 9a und einen Quersteg 9b aufweist, wobei der Längssteg 9a und der Quersteg 9b insgesamt ein Kreuz bilden. Eine gute Anpassung der Hohlleitereinkopplung 1 wird in erster Linie durch den Längssteg 9a realisiert, wobei mit dem Quersteg 9b weitere, jedoch vom Umfang nicht so erhebliche Verbesserungen der Anpassung erzielt werden.In the embodiments, it is provided that the
In den dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen liegen die charakteristischen Abmessungen des Einkoppelelements 9 im Bereich von einem Viertel der Wellenlänge der zu emittierenden elektromagnetischen Wellen, wobei die charakteristischen Abmessungen im vorliegenden Fall jeweils die Längserstreckung des Längssteges 9a und des Quersteges 9b sind.In the illustrated embodiments, the characteristic dimensions of the
In den
Die in den
Die Hohlleitereinkopplung 1 in
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß
In
In
Das in
Das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß
In
Claims (16)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Trägerplatte (3) durchgehend auch in den Innenbereich (6) des Hohlleiters (2) und damit über das Ende (7) der Speiseleitung (4) hinaus erstreckt ist, dass in Nähe des Endes (7) der Speiseleitung (4) auf und/oder in der Trägerplatte (3) ein elektrisch leitfähiges Einkoppelelement (9) angeordnet ist, so dass das Einkoppelelement (9) kapazitiv mit der Speiseleitung (4) gekoppelt ist und das Einkoppelelement (9) der Einkopplung von über die Speiseleitung (4) in den Hohlleiter (6) geführten elektromagnetischen Wellen in den Hohlleiter (6) dient.Waveguide coupling (1), in particular for a radar level gauge, with a waveguide (2), a carrier plate (3) and at least one feed line (4), wherein the waveguide (2) on a first side (5) of the carrier plate (3) on the support plate (3) is placed, the feed line (4) on and / or in the support plate (3) in the inner region (6) of the waveguide (2) is guided and the feed line (4) having one end (7) in Inner region (6) of the waveguide (2) ends,
characterized,
in that the carrier plate (3) also extends continuously into the inner region (6) of the waveguide (2) and thus beyond the end (7) of the feed line (4), in the vicinity of the end (7) of the feed line (4) and / or in the carrier plate (3) an electrically conductive coupling element (9) is arranged, so that the coupling element (9) is capacitively coupled to the feed line (4) and the coupling element (9) of the coupling of the feed line (4) in the waveguide (6) guided electromagnetic waves in the waveguide (6).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102011015894A DE102011015894A1 (en) | 2011-04-01 | 2011-04-01 | Waveguide coupling |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2506363A1 true EP2506363A1 (en) | 2012-10-03 |
EP2506363B1 EP2506363B1 (en) | 2019-07-24 |
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Family Applications (1)
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EP12001275.2A Active EP2506363B1 (en) | 2011-04-01 | 2012-02-27 | Waveguide coupling |
Country Status (4)
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US (1) | US8981867B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2506363B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102769166B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102011015894A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2017025313A1 (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-02-16 | Endress+Hauser Gmbh+Co. Kg | Radar fill state measuring device |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102014106400A1 (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2015-11-12 | Weber Maschinenbau Gmbh Breidenbach | INDIVIDUAL TRANSPORT OF FOOD PORTIONS |
DE102014109120B4 (en) | 2014-06-30 | 2017-04-06 | Krohne Messtechnik Gmbh | microwave module |
DE102016108868A1 (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2017-11-16 | Kathrein Werke Kg | Adapter plate for HF structures |
CN110441393B (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2020-06-19 | 北京理工大学 | Ultrasonic detection device and method |
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2012
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- 2012-03-27 US US13/431,513 patent/US8981867B2/en active Active
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EP0071069A2 (en) * | 1981-07-25 | 1983-02-09 | Richard Hirschmann Radiotechnisches Werk | Circularly polarised microwave antenna |
US20060255875A1 (en) * | 2005-04-18 | 2006-11-16 | Furuno Electric Company Limited | Apparatus and method for waveguide to microstrip transition having a reduced scale backshort |
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WO2017025313A1 (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-02-16 | Endress+Hauser Gmbh+Co. Kg | Radar fill state measuring device |
CN107923784A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2018-04-17 | 恩德莱斯和豪瑟尔两合公司 | Radar filling level measurement device |
US10768035B2 (en) | 2015-08-11 | 2020-09-08 | Endress+Hauser Se+Co.Kg | Radar-fill-level measuring device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102769166A (en) | 2012-11-07 |
CN102769166B (en) | 2016-05-11 |
US20120262247A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
DE102011015894A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
US8981867B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 |
EP2506363B1 (en) | 2019-07-24 |
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