EP1254434A1 - System zum automatischen verrechnen von gebühren - Google Patents
System zum automatischen verrechnen von gebührenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1254434A1 EP1254434A1 EP01905472A EP01905472A EP1254434A1 EP 1254434 A1 EP1254434 A1 EP 1254434A1 EP 01905472 A EP01905472 A EP 01905472A EP 01905472 A EP01905472 A EP 01905472A EP 1254434 A1 EP1254434 A1 EP 1254434A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dsrc
- mobile
- unit
- communication device
- information
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
- G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
- G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
- G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
- G07B15/063—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station
Definitions
- the invention relates to a system for automatically charging fees when passing predetermined positions, for example for collecting road tolls or parking fees, with at least one communication device for directional short-range communication (DSRC) provided for at least temporarily fixed installation and with at least one mobile communication unit for directed Short-range communication (DSRC).
- DSRC directional short-range communication
- DSRC directed Short-range communication
- the vehicle-side communication unit is also identified with the aid of, for example, a smart card, which is read out on request by the fixed toll station, thereby identifying the associated vehicle.
- the fixed toll station also communicates with a central computer system to process the charges.
- this requires a relatively large amount of effort with regard to the various identifications and communications.
- WO 99/66455 A discloses a roadside control device for a toll device installed in a vehicle.
- a GPS device is available for determining the position, so that the roadside control device can be identified or identified via GPS at its respective installation location.
- a special directional short-range communication method (DSRC Dedicated Short Range Commumcation), particularly using microwaves, for the communi ⁇ cation (so-called "OBU". - On Board Unit) with an in-vehicle unit is disclosed in WO 99/25087 A , wherein a gradual adjustment of the degree of modulation is carried out when modulating a carrier wave. It is also about a bidirek ⁇ tional communication between fixed devices (beacons) and vehicle-mounted input units, whereby nothing is said about the acquisition of position information.
- the system according to the invention of the type specified at the outset is characterized in that the D SRC communication device provided for the fixed installation is set up to transmit information to the mobile DSRC communication unit that identifies it and thereby at least indirectly identifies its installation position.
- stationary DSRC communication device In the present system, no complex self-location devices such as GPS or GNSS and the complex programs required for this are required, since the communication devices provided for the at least temporarily fixed installation (hereinafter simply referred to as "stationary DSRC communication device" for the sake of simplicity) corresponding identification and thus Transmit location information; Informa ⁇ these functions allow for an unambiguous identification of these stationary communication devices and at least indirectly its position.
- the stationary communication devices can work autonomously or asynchronously, ie they do not need to be networked, and they preferably only work in the transmission mode, so that unidirectional DSRC communication is sufficient for position determination or location.
- the present system is excellently suitable for use in both open and closed toll systems or also in parking systems, whereby the actual charging, the payment process, can be carried out via a variety of media, depending on the system operator's wishes, such as via Cards and card readers at petrol stations or other paying agents.
- the fixed communication devices only transmit function aufwei ⁇ sen, they therefore no data from the mobile communication units, for example, must in vehicles received, they can be very simple and therefore very inexpensively constructed.
- the fee is determined when a fixed communication device is passed once or after two such communication devices have been passed (entry and exit). Appropriate techniques or programs for this are common per se and do not need to be explained further here.
- the position information can also consist, for example, of numbers or the like that designate the respective fixed communication device, with the calculation of fees based on the numbers on the corresponding positions and then the amount of the fees can be determined.
- the stationary DSRC communication device contains a clock (eg in a processor) and with transmits the information clearly identifying them to the respective time of transmission.
- the parking times can be determined based on the recording of the times when entering and exiting.
- the stationary DSRC communication device transmits fee information, for example fixed fee information or fee determination rules, taken from a memory with the information that uniquely identifies it.
- the respective fee levels can be transmitted directly or calculation rules, such as data, on the basis of which the fees for the respective case can in turn be taken from tables in the mobile DSRC communication units.
- the mobile DSRC communica tion unit ⁇ a - for example implemented by a processor - charge determination unit for determining the respective fee basis of the transmitted from the stationary DSRC communication device is associated with charging information.
- the fee determined can then be booked, for example, by means of a booking unit in a value account, in particular within the mobile or vehicle-side unit (also called OBU - on board unit), the value of the value account being changed.
- a booking unit in a value account in particular within the mobile or vehicle-side unit (also called OBU - on board unit), the value of the value account being changed.
- a system with prepaid cards SIM cards or so-called “smart cards”
- SIM cards or so-called “smart cards” which is already known per se in connection with mobile telephones, can be used, but it is also conceivable to debit the fee from an external account. In the case of an additional mobile radio device, this debiting can also take place directly via this.
- the fee it is then also advantageously possible for the fee to be debited via a fee counter in a telephone account.
- the mo ⁇ bilen DSRC communication unit and / or the stationary DSRC communication device has an associated cryptographic unit.
- This cryptographic unit can, for example, provide the information transmitted in each case with a signature. If the key or signature changes continuously, it is practically impossible for unauthorized persons to gain access to the information received.
- the vehicle unit can perform a decryption here only at the actual payment process, including bake at a Payment ⁇ or on a smart card machine is tested one from the various locating Signa ⁇ tures calculated "hyper-signature", and only the system operator can determine the authenticity and integrity of the key; the actual amount due is then calculated and, for example, debited from the smart card, with the time and signature in a log memory can be saved on the smart card or in the mobile unit (OBU).
- OBU mobile unit
- OWNER ⁇ Liche payment process can be done in various ways, such as when charging the smart card at an ATM or at a suitably equipped point of sale terminal, when charging the smart card via a cellular telephone system (GSM, UMTS, etc.), or when charging the Smart cards via a DSRC system.
- the cryptographic unit can also encrypt the information transmitted.
- the mobile DSRC communication unit is assigned a memory for storing the information transmitted by the fixed DSRC communication device.
- the mobile DSRC communication unit For the purpose of direct charging through the fixed installations, it has also to be appropriate he reported ⁇ when the mobile DSRC communication unit with a DSRC transmitter, and the DSRC communication device is equipped with a DSRC receiver, and the DSRC communication device is associated with a charging unit is.
- the mobile DSRC communication unit is connected to the mobile radio device via an at least monodirectional, preferably bidirectional DSRC communication device.
- OBU compact vehicle-side unit
- the mobile radio device is set up to transmit information to a central data processing system. If necessary, this radio transmission can also be used for charging via the central data processing system.
- the mobile radio device is a mobile phone with a hands-free device.
- the electrical connection point (for example a plug) between the mobile radio device, ie the mobile phone, and the hands-free device can be set up in such a way that the mobile DSRC communication unit can be connected to this connection point. This communication link can be maintained when the connection for the hands-free device is not used.
- the stationary DSRC communication device has an associated Mobilfunkeinrichrung.
- the fixed DSRC communication devices can be equipped with their own batteries, and in principle there can also be connections to the power grid with corresponding power supplies.
- the respective stationary communication device is preferably provided with a solar energy device for the power supply. The solar energy is supplied to a rechargeable battery.
- the DSRC communication device or DSRC communication unit with an infrared transmission or. Receiving device is formed.
- the DSRC communication device is used to carry out a self-test, e.g. to control the power supply or the function of the communication device.
- a self-test e.g. to control the power supply or the function of the communication device.
- a fault message can be sent to a central monitoring point.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the present system in an embodiment for collecting road toll charges, a toll top road in a schematic plan view with two vehicles and the system components present at a “virtual toll station” being illustrated, and in addition a vehicle-side unit is shown drawn out;
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a mobile phone belonging to the vehicle-side device with a hands-free device and a DSRC communication unit;
- FIG. 4 shows a flowchart to illustrate the implementation of a self-test for the stationary communication device.
- a road toll system is shown schematically as a preferred exemplary embodiment of the system according to the invention, a toll road 1 being illustrated on which vehicles 2 are to be recorded with regard to the collection of toll charges, for which purpose the present charging system has vehicle-side units 3, whereby such driving ⁇ imaging-side unit is shown separately in Figure 1 3 for better illustration in a shown in broken lines block; further, the system includes at least vorü ⁇ mountains starting fixedly erected locating beacons 4, with the DSRC Mikationseinrichrungen (DSRC - dedicated short range communication - directed short-range communication).
- DSRC dedicated short range communication - directed short-range communication
- These beacons 4 can be attached in a stationary manner, for example on pillars anchored in the ground, but mobile beacons can also be provided, which are transported to the toll road as required and temporarily set up at the desired location.
- the (temporarily) stationary DSRC communication devices are preferably equipped with infrared transmission devices 5 which, with their transmitted infrared signals (information A), cover a sector-shaped location area 6 that only extends a few meters.
- infrared transmission devices 5 instead of infrared transmission devices 5, conventional microwave or radio transmission devices are also conceivable, which only provide communication in the close range. In view of the fact that infrared radiation is incoherent and therefore there is no extinction due to the superimposition of signals, infrared transmission is given preference over the other transmission methods in the present case.
- the vehicle-side units 3 contain a (mobile) DSRC communication unit, in particular with a suitable infrared receiver, cf. ⁇ at play as well as the WO 99/03218 A, in which an example of a suitable infra-red receiver is shown, and this mobile DSRC communication unit is illustrated in Fig.l in. 7
- the system is accordingly only equipped with transmitting, stationary DSRC transmission beacons 4 and with receiving mobile DSRC communication units 7, with a charge calculation and booking unit 8 possibly being assigned to these mobile communication units 7, as shown in FIG .1 is shown schematically.
- This booking unit 8 can be implemented by a processor in a conventional manner.
- the mobile DSRC communication unit 7 can also be equipped with a cryptographic unit or an encryption unit, which is not shown in more detail in FIG. 1, cf. but Fig. 2, where such a cryptographic unit is illustrated at 9.
- This cryptographic unit 9 serves, for example, to sending the received locating Informa or ⁇ functions or data - which are sent from the stationary beacons 4 - with a constantly changing signature to be provided to the system against unauthorized access safe to design.
- the vehicle-side unit 3 (usually called OBU - on board unit), and decryption only takes place during the actual payment process, for example on a payment beacon or on a smart card machine which is conventionally designed, where a "hypersignature" calculated from the various location "signatures" by OBU 3 is checked and taken as the basis for the fee payment. Only the system operator with his corresponding facilities can determine the authenticity and integrity of the encrypted information.
- the OBU 3 itself determines the fee due in each case from the beacon location data received and from the data stored in it in a memory (not shown) belonging to the microprocessor 8, cf. 1 and 2. This fee can then be debited from a value account present in OBU 3, the value account being able to be implemented, for example, by a value card, namely a smart card or SIM card, or by a chip ,
- a mobile radio device is additionally provided in the respective vehicle, as is schematically illustrated at 10 in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- This mobile radio device 10 can be formed by an essentially conventional mobile telephone (GSM, UMTS, etc.), and it can be present independently of the actual OBU 3 or else combined with it to form a unit.
- the OBU 3 and the mobile radio device 10 are preferably even accommodated in a common housing, wherein components that can be used jointly, such as processors, can be used, even if in FIGS. 1 and 2 a separate processor 11 (with a memory 11 ') is shown, which is connected to a SIM card unit 12.
- the actual radio transmission unit for sending and receiving is illustrated in FIG. 2 at 13.
- the mobile radio device 10 receives signals or information C from the OBU 3 if it is a separate unit, for example via a DSRC system or else via a connecting line, as is shown schematically in FIG. 2 at 14. If these two units 3 and 10 are assembled in a common housing, the connecting line 14 inside the housing can be short, for example on a conventional printed circuit board. In particular, processors 8 and 11 can then also be implemented by a single processor.
- a central data processing system 15 can be provided, which is set up on the one hand for transmitting information Q to the fixed beacons 4 and on the other hand at least for receiving information D from the vehicle-side units 3.
- the central data processing device 15 can send data or information Q provided with corresponding address codes to the fixed beacons 4 in order to update data stored there, for example relating to position, fee tariff, times, etc. It can be furthermore also be provided that formations of the stationary beacons 4 In ⁇ , for example through the resulting traffic (under count of the passing vehicles), are transmitted to the central data processing system 15th
- the information flow D from the vehicle-side units 3 to the central data processing device 15 can contain, for example, data for the purpose of checking the charging or actual charging information.
- the location information A sent from the beacons 4 to the vehicles 2 or vehicle-side units 3. become hold the respective beacon 4 uniquely identifying data so as to enable a clear location or position determination for the vehicles 2.
- the fixed beacons 4 contain a processor 16 (for example a ⁇ P microprocessor) with an associated, only schematically drawn memory 16 'for controlling the respective communication device 5 (with the infrared transmitter), which stores the contains respective identification or position information.
- the processor 16 also controls a radio device 17 which carries out the transmission of the information Q to or from the central data processing device 15.
- the processor 16 also contains a clock 16 "(clock generator), so that information indicating the respective time of transmission can also be transmitted.
- a solar cell device 18 is preferably provided, to which a corresponding rechargeable battery with a charger (not shown) is assigned in a conventional manner; Solar energy devices of this type are sufficiently known per se, so that a detailed description can be omitted here.
- the beacons 4 have an extremely simple structure, which is connected with the fact that they only need to have a transmitting function as far as the communication with the vehicles 2 is concerned, that is to say they do not have to receive any data from the vehicles 2.
- the necessity of storage eliminates such sensitive data, such as amounts of fees and afterwardsda ⁇ th, so that in this respect a simplification results.
- the infrared transmitter unit can be designed in a conventional manner with infrared transmitter diodes and an optical bundling unit; the processor 16 forms the control electronics including the memory 16 ', and the radio device 17 can be, for example, a GSM transceiver for remote maintenance and remote administration.
- the beacon 4 may be arranged in accordance to receive vehicle or charge data and send it to the central data processing device 15 to.
- the beacons 4 are, as mentioned, only set up for the transmission mode, with the ongoing transmission of information (information A) which is clearly identifiable in each case being regarded as essential.
- the beacons 4 can operate as autonomously and asynchronously, and they can due to the transmitted information A each be identified for a unique location to provide the required voltage Gebagitenberech ⁇ perform.
- the information A can, as mentioned, also transmit information recording the respective time of passing the vehicle in order to be able to determine the duration of the parking time. Time information of this type can also be useful in toll systems, for example for control purposes, so that they are also preferably transmitted there.
- the information A sent may already contain fee information, data being transmitted, for example, on the basis of which the respective fees are determined in the vehicle-side units 3 with the aid of tables stored there, but the required fee amounts can also be transmitted directly;
- the latter can be provided with particular advantage in the case of open toll systems.
- the central data processing device 15 contains radio devices 19, 20 for the radio connection to the fixed beacons 4 or to the radio devices 13 of the vehicle-side units 3.
- a processor 21, in particular a log file processor unit, is connected to these radio units 19, 20 which is associated with a memory 22 with a database.
- the standard OBU 3 can be designed without a mobile radio device 10, it being equipped with an infrared receiver unit and a smart card or SIM card unit can be equipped.
- the OBU 3 can be battery-operated, and it is attached, for example, to the upper center of the windshield in the area of the interior rear-view mirror in the vehicle. No cables to the vehicle electrical system are required. All sensitive data is stored in encrypted form on the smart card, and this smart card can be read or loaded using standard cash register terminals and ATMs.
- the entire OBU 3 is detached from the holder on the windshield, and that a smart card chip contained therein, in which the sensitive data is stored, is correspondingly outside the vehicle via an infrared sensor.
- POS terminals equipped with a read / write head can be loaded or read.
- a combination with a mobile phone is provided, as explained above, and this combined OBU 3 is preferably powered by the car battery.
- GSM OBU mobile phone
- all sensitive data are preferably stored in encrypted form on a smart card chip, it being possible to read or load them via the cellular telephone network.
- the mobile radio device 10 can be equipped with a hands-free device, cf. the speakerphone port 23 in Fig.2, as well as the scheme in Fig.3, where a cell phone 10 is shown with a connector 24 to a hands-free device 25;
- the DSRC communication unit 7 ' is connected to the connector 24, and the charging function can also be secured by a corresponding programming of the processor 11 when the hands-free device 25 is connected.
- vehicle-side device 3 is temporarily removed from the vehicle 2 and forwards information outside the vehicle 2 to a special bidirectional DSRC device in order to carry out the charging.
- the processor 16 of the fixed beacons 4 can also be set up by means of appropriate programming (the program can be stored in the memory 16 ') to periodically carry out a self-test, among other things the power supply as well as the functionality of the actual transmission and reception means can be tested; memory 16 'may also itself be subjected to a test.
- the radio device 17 can send a fault message to the central data processing device 15, provided that it is still functional and equipped with an emergency power supply.
- the system can also be set up so that the fixed beacons 4 are periodically, e.g.
- FIG. 4 The process of such a self-test of the fixed beacon 4 is illustrated in FIG.
- the triggering of the self-test is generally indicated at 26 in FIG. 4, while the test execution is illustrated at 27.
- a time interval information derived from the clock in the processor 16 can serve as trigger event, such as “every day at 8 am” or “every 15 minutes”, this triggering being illustrated at 28 in FIG.
- Block 30 is intended to indicate in a very general way that other trigger options may also be present.
- theensversor ⁇ can supply tested first, s. Block 31 in Fig.4.
- the actual transmitter unit (see item 5 in FIG. 2) is then tested, in particular to what extent the infrared diodes of the transmitter unit are ready for operation (block 32).
- a test regarding the integrity of the memory 16 ′ and the processor 16 etc. can then be carried out.
- the decision at 34 is indicated in FIG. 4 as to whether the checked units are OK (output J) or not (output N). If the test result is positive, it proceeds to a loop 35 and waiting for the next Auslö ⁇ solution 26, then the self-test to start again at the position A '. In case that If a fault is determined, a message is sent to a maintenance center, for example the central data processing device 15 according to FIGS. 1 and 2, according to block 36.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT01905472T ATE246384T1 (de) | 2000-02-08 | 2001-02-08 | System zum automatischen verrechnen von gebühren |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT0019900A AT412033B (de) | 2000-02-08 | 2000-02-08 | System zum automatischen verrechnen von gebühren |
AT1992000 | 2000-02-08 | ||
PCT/AT2001/000030 WO2001059711A1 (de) | 2000-02-08 | 2001-02-08 | System zum automatischen verrechnen von gebühren |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1254434A1 true EP1254434A1 (de) | 2002-11-06 |
EP1254434B1 EP1254434B1 (de) | 2003-07-30 |
Family
ID=3668440
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01905472A Expired - Lifetime EP1254434B1 (de) | 2000-02-08 | 2001-02-08 | System zum automatischen verrechnen von gebühren |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7128262B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1254434B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2003526854A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20020076275A (de) |
AT (1) | AT412033B (de) |
AU (1) | AU3347201A (de) |
DE (1) | DE50100441D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2203590T3 (de) |
NO (1) | NO20023718L (de) |
PT (1) | PT1254434E (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001059711A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA200205601B (de) |
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US5347280A (en) * | 1993-07-02 | 1994-09-13 | Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh | Frequency diversity transponder arrangement |
GB9401924D0 (en) * | 1994-02-01 | 1994-03-30 | Jonhig Ltd | System for road toll payment |
US5490079A (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 1996-02-06 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | System for automated toll collection assisted by GPS technology |
PT780801E (pt) | 1995-12-19 | 2007-08-03 | First Data Deutschland Gmbh | Método e dispositivos para a utilização e compensação de meios de pagamento electrónicos num sistema aberto e inter-operável para a cobrança automática de taxas. |
AT410873B (de) | 1997-07-10 | 2003-08-25 | Efkon Entwicklung Forschung & Konstruktion Von Sondermaschinen Gmbh | Daten-empfangsschaltung für infrarotsignale |
KR100230581B1 (ko) | 1997-08-13 | 1999-11-15 | 윤종용 | 전자식 통행 요금 징수 시스템의 통신 방법 |
DE19750047A1 (de) * | 1997-11-12 | 1999-05-20 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Gerichtetes Nahbereichs-Kommunikationsverfahren (DSRC) und Transponder hierfür |
SE510080C2 (sv) * | 1997-12-22 | 1999-04-19 | Combitech Traffic Syst Ab | Metod för automatisk debitering av tullar för fordon |
SE514814C2 (sv) * | 1998-03-17 | 2001-04-30 | Combitech Traffic Syst Ab | Metod för automatisk debitering |
CZ298191B6 (cs) * | 1998-06-18 | 2007-07-18 | Mannesmann Ag | Vnejsí kontrolní zarízení pro kontrolu provozu mýtního prístroje |
IT1306768B1 (it) * | 1999-01-27 | 2001-10-02 | Marcello Federici | Sistema di addebito automatico per mezzi di trasporto. |
US6394343B1 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2002-05-28 | Jon N. Berg | System for card to card transfer of monetary values |
-
2000
- 2000-02-08 AT AT0019900A patent/AT412033B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-02-08 DE DE50100441T patent/DE50100441D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-08 KR KR1020027009875A patent/KR20020076275A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-02-08 PT PT01905472T patent/PT1254434E/pt unknown
- 2001-02-08 ES ES01905472T patent/ES2203590T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-08 US US10/203,313 patent/US7128262B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-02-08 EP EP01905472A patent/EP1254434B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-08 AU AU33472/01A patent/AU3347201A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-08 WO PCT/AT2001/000030 patent/WO2001059711A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-02-08 JP JP2001558957A patent/JP2003526854A/ja active Pending
-
2002
- 2002-07-12 ZA ZA200205601A patent/ZA200205601B/en unknown
- 2002-08-06 NO NO20023718A patent/NO20023718L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0159711A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1254434B1 (de) | 2003-07-30 |
US7128262B2 (en) | 2006-10-31 |
NO20023718D0 (no) | 2002-08-06 |
ATA1992000A (de) | 2004-01-15 |
JP2003526854A (ja) | 2003-09-09 |
DE50100441D1 (de) | 2003-09-04 |
ZA200205601B (en) | 2003-07-14 |
PT1254434E (pt) | 2003-12-31 |
NO20023718L (no) | 2002-08-06 |
US20030011494A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
AU3347201A (en) | 2001-08-20 |
WO2001059711A1 (de) | 2001-08-16 |
ES2203590T3 (es) | 2004-04-16 |
KR20020076275A (ko) | 2002-10-09 |
AT412033B (de) | 2004-08-26 |
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