EP0996781A1 - A yarn for articifial grass, a method of manufacturing said yarn and a field of artificial grass in which said yarn is incorporated - Google Patents
A yarn for articifial grass, a method of manufacturing said yarn and a field of artificial grass in which said yarn is incorporatedInfo
- Publication number
- EP0996781A1 EP0996781A1 EP98935399A EP98935399A EP0996781A1 EP 0996781 A1 EP0996781 A1 EP 0996781A1 EP 98935399 A EP98935399 A EP 98935399A EP 98935399 A EP98935399 A EP 98935399A EP 0996781 A1 EP0996781 A1 EP 0996781A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- yarn
- polypropylene
- polyamide
- artificial grass
- polyethylene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
- D02G3/445—Yarns or threads for use in floor fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/46—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyolefins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/90—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyamides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/06—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyolefin as constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/12—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyamide as constituent
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/20—Industrial for civil engineering, e.g. geotextiles
- D10B2505/202—Artificial grass
Definitions
- a yarn for artificial grass a method of manufacturing said yarn and a field of artificial grass in which said yarn is incorporated.
- the invention relates to a yarn containing polyamide for producing artificial grass.
- the invention furthermore relates to a method of manufacturing said yarn and to a field of artificial grass in which said yarn is incorporated.
- Such a yarn for a field of artificical grass is known from Japanese patent publ ication JP 7048778A.
- the field of artificial grass is obtained by intertwining polyamide fibre and PE fibre in a base layer. More in particular, the method comprises the provision in a base layer, in a pile length of 25 mm, of a yarn by twisting split yarn made of 5000d polyamide and split yarn made of 5000d high density PE.
- Such a yarn is also known from Japanese patent publication JP 09119036A, wherein a yarn for artificial turf pile is formed by melt-spinning a polyamide resin composition comprising 70 - 99 % by weight of a polyamide resin and 1 - 30 % by weight of a polyethylene resin. From EP-A-0648868 a yarn is furthermore known which is used for making artificial grass, which yarn is manufactured of polypropylene or of a block copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene.
- the yarn according to the invention is characterized in that the yarn, in addtion to polyamide, also contains a polyolefin compound selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, LLDPE and a block copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene.
- the yarn in particular it is preferred for the yarn to contain 20 - 80 % by weight of polypropylene and 80 - 20 % by weight of polyamide.
- the use of this specific mixture of polypropylene and polyamide leads to improved mechanical properties of the artificial grass, which mechanical properties are considerably better than those of polypropylene and polyamide individually.
- a block copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene is used.
- a particularly suitable block copolymer is the polypropylene/- polyethylene block copolymer as described in European patent application No. 0359321, which document may be considered to be incorporated herein, which block copolymer is marketed by Solvay, Belgium with a melt flow index of about 4.
- Such a preferred yarn is preferably composed of 20 - 80 % by weight of block copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene, and 20 - 80 % by weight of polyamide.
- polyamide a yarn which, in addition to polyamide, contains the polymer LLDPE (Linear Low Density Polyethylene) .
- LLDPE Linear Low Density Polyethylene
- Such a yarn is preferably composed of 20 - 80 % by weight of LLDPE and 20 - 80 % by weight of polyamide.
- JP-A-3,279,419 discloses a fibre which consists of Nylon which is mixed with polypropylene. Said fibre has been used for making clothes. Said Japanese patent publication does not describe the use of such a mixture of polymers for manufacturing artificial grass.
- US patent No. 5,597,650 discloses a carpet yarn having special properties as regards flame retardation and resistance to stains.
- Said yarn consists of a polyolefin matrix, preferably polypropylene, in which smaller polyamide fibrils are embedded.
- Said US patent does not describe the use of such a yarn for manufacturing artificial grass.
- the polymer is extruded to form monofilaments, which are subsequently processed into bands, with several bands being twisted to form a yarn, and possibly with several yarns being twined to form a composite yarn.
- This method is characterized in that monofilaments are extruded from one of the polyolefins from the group of polypropylene, LLDPE and a block copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene, and that monofilaments are extruded from polyamide, or in that monofilaments are extruded from a mixture of one of the polyolefins from the group of polypropylene, LLDPE and a block copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene on the one hand and polyamide on the other hand.
- the core is built up of one of the polyolefins from the group of polypropylene, LLPDE and a block copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene
- the cladding is built up of polyamide.
- the present invention is not limited to the use of monofilaments, and in a special embodiment it is preferred to use one of the yarns from the group of fibri Hated yarn of the block copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene, fibrillated yarn of HDPE, fibril! ated yarn of LLDPE, fibrillated yarn of polypropylene on the one hand and a yarn of fibrillated polyamide yarn on the other hand.
- the method of producing fibrillated yarn is described in European patent appl ication No.0263 566, which application may be considered to be incorporated herein.
- a foil is made from a polymer which, in addition to polyamide, also contains a polyolefin compound selected from the group of polypropylene, LLDPE and a block copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene, which foil is cut into bands, with several bands being twisted to form a yarn, and possibly with several yarns being twined to form a composite yarn.
- a polyolefin compound selected from the group of polypropylene, LLDPE and a block copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene
- a foil from one of the polyolefins from the group of polypropylene, LLDPE and a block copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene and on the other hand to make a foil from polyamide, after which the bands obtained from said two foils may be processed to form said composite yarn.
- a combination of monofilaments and fibrillated yarns, preferably monofilaments of polyamide and fibrillated yarn of the block copolymer of polypropylene and polyethylene, is also suitable for manufacturing the composite yarn.
- Monofilaments were obtained by extrusion of the block copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene on the one hand and by extrusion of polyamide on the other hand, and after stretching said monofilaments, bands were obtained.
- a method as indicated in example 1 of EP-A-0648868 was thereby used for the block copolymer.
- the bands were processed to form a yarn, thus producing the block copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene yarn consisting of four non-twisted bands each having a yarn number of 1100 dtex on the one hand and a polyamide yarn consisting of non-twisted bands each having a yarn number of 666 dtex on the other hand.
- Said two yarn types were twined to form a composite yarn having a yarn number of 8400 dtex.
- Said composite yarn was then knitted and fixed so as to obtain a teasing effect, after which the teased composite yarn was used for obtaining a carpet for artificial grass.
- the yarn was tufted with 300 stitches per running metre, and a pile height of 12.5 mm, resulting in a pile insert weight of 1750 g/m 2 .
- the carpet thus obtained was subjected to various tests in order to determine the mechanical properties, such as the tretrad test for determining the fibrillation, the Taber test for determining the weight loss and the Leroux test for determining the sliding properties.
- burn tests in accordance with BS 4790 show a low value for the artificial grass according to the invention, which value is comparable with that of artificial grass made from polyamide, but which is better than that of artificial grass made from polypropylene-containing polymer.
- Example 2 The artificial grass was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. A field of artificial grass scattered in with sand was composed, to which end the yarn was tufted with 140 stitches per running metre and a pile height of 34 mm, as a result of which a pile insert weight of 970 g/m 2 was obtained. The carpet thus obtained was subjected to tests comparable with the tests of Example 1. It has become apparent thereby that, also in the case of a field of artificial grass scattered in with sand, the mechanical properties of the yarn composed of the block copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene and polyamide were much better than those of yarns for fields of artificial grass which were made from polypropylene and from polyamide.
- Monofilaments were obtained by extrusion of the block copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene on the one hand and by extrusion of polyamide on the other hand, and after stretching said monofilaments, bands were obtained.
- a method as indicated in example 1 of EP-A-0648868 was thereby used for the block copolymer, so as to obtain a block copolymer having a yarn number of 8800 dtex consisting of 8 bands, each having a yarn number of 1100 dtex.
- the block copolymer yarn was preferably threaded on the uneven positions on the creel of the tufting machines, whilst the polyamid yarn was threaded on the even positions. It is also possible, however, to use other position settings.
- the carpet for artificial grass which was built up of separate yarns of block copolymer and polyamide, was tufted with 310 stitches per running metre, and a pile height of 12.5 mm, resulting in a pile insert weight of 1750 g/m 2 .
- the carpet thus obtained was subjected to tests comparable with the tests of Example 1. It has become apparent thereby that, also in the case of a field of artificial grass, whether or not scattered in with sand, the mechanical properties of the field of artificial grass made from the block copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene and polyamide were much better than those of fields of artificial grass made from polypropylene and from polyamide.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE69808917T DE69808917T3 (en) | 1997-07-17 | 1998-07-16 | ARROW FOR ARTIFICIAL GRASS, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF, AND ARTIFICIAL GRASS FIELD PRODUCED FROM THIS YARN |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL1006606 | 1997-07-17 | ||
NL1006606A NL1006606C2 (en) | 1997-07-17 | 1997-07-17 | Yarn for artificial grass, method of manufacturing the yarn and artificial grass field in which said yarn is incorporated. |
PCT/NL1998/000413 WO1999004074A1 (en) | 1997-07-17 | 1998-07-16 | A yarn for articifial grass, a method of manufacturing said yarn and a field of artificial grass in which said yarn is incorporated |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0996781A1 true EP0996781A1 (en) | 2000-05-03 |
EP0996781B1 EP0996781B1 (en) | 2002-10-23 |
EP0996781B2 EP0996781B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 |
Family
ID=19765374
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98935399A Expired - Lifetime EP0996781B2 (en) | 1997-07-17 | 1998-07-16 | A yarn for articifial grass, a method of manufacturing said yarn and a field of artificial grass in which said yarn is incorporated |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0996781B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE226652T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU743445B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69808917T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2187985T5 (en) |
NL (1) | NL1006606C2 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ502027A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999004074A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008150156A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 | 2008-12-11 | Tapijtfabriek H. Desseaux N.V. | Artificial grass composed of fibres comprising of a core and a cladding, as well as an artificial lawn made up thereof |
EP2143834A1 (en) | 2008-07-10 | 2010-01-13 | Tapijtfabriek H. Desseaux N.V. | Artificial grass fibre |
US8834148B2 (en) | 2009-03-12 | 2014-09-16 | Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg | Apparatus for the production of a turf yarn |
US8999213B2 (en) | 2011-10-20 | 2015-04-07 | Tarkett, Inc. | Process for making artificial turf fibers |
WO2016195481A1 (en) | 2015-06-02 | 2016-12-08 | Desso Sports B.V. | Method for inserting fibers into a substrate |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6344026B1 (en) | 1998-04-08 | 2002-02-05 | Senorx, Inc. | Tissue specimen encapsulation device and method thereof |
EP1457600A1 (en) | 2003-03-05 | 2004-09-15 | Domo Cabrita | Synthetic turf |
CN1820095A (en) | 2003-05-28 | 2006-08-16 | 兰克霍斯特茵德泰克股份有限公司 | Yarn for artificial turf ground cover, artificial turf ground cover and playing field including such a yarn and method for producing it |
NL1026239C2 (en) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-11-22 | Ten Cate Thiolon Bv | Method for manufacturing a plastic fiber for use in an artificial grass sports field as well as such a plastic fiber. |
NL1027878C2 (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2006-06-27 | Desseaux H Tapijtfab | Artificial grass constructed from fibers consisting of a core and a mantle, as well as an artificial grass field built from it. |
US9011740B2 (en) | 2008-12-15 | 2015-04-21 | Textile Management Associates, Inc. | Method of recycling synthetic turf and infill product |
EP2374917B1 (en) * | 2010-04-07 | 2013-02-13 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Artificial turf yarn |
CN113278217A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-08-20 | 淮安腾达色母有限公司 | Flexible wear-resistant artificial ribbed lawn thread and preparation method thereof |
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FR1363166A (en) † | 1963-02-14 | 1964-06-12 | Rhodiaceta | New Melt Extrudable Polypropylene-Based Compositions and Conforming Articles Based on Such Compositions |
US3788940A (en) † | 1969-07-11 | 1974-01-29 | Kanegafuchi Spinning Co Ltd | Polyolefin-polyamide composite filaments having an improved adhering property and a method thereof |
ZA7167B (en) † | 1970-01-08 | 1971-10-27 | Shell Int Research | Process for the manufacture of synthetic fibres |
US3793822A (en) † | 1971-07-14 | 1974-02-26 | Momoi Fishing Net Mfg Co Ltd | Fishing net |
NL182497C (en) † | 1976-11-26 | 1988-03-16 | Akzo Nv | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A FITTY STRAP, AND CABLES OR ROPES MADE THEREFROM |
JPS6040524B2 (en) † | 1977-07-27 | 1985-09-11 | 呉羽化学工業株式会社 | Manufacturing method for concentric composite system |
US4470941A (en) † | 1982-06-02 | 1984-09-11 | Bioresearch Inc. | Preparation of composite surgical sutures |
US4711812A (en) † | 1984-12-18 | 1987-12-08 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Delustered nylon fiber containing segmented striations of polypropylene |
DD242644A1 (en) † | 1985-11-14 | 1987-02-04 | Tech Textilien K M Stadt Veb K | METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STROKEN FOLIEFAEDEN |
EP0310202A1 (en) † | 1987-10-02 | 1989-04-05 | Stamicarbon B.V. | Combinations of polyolefin filaments and yarns of low wetting and adhesive power and filaments and yarns of high wetting and adhesive power |
US4842932A (en) † | 1988-03-08 | 1989-06-27 | Basf Corporation | Fiber-containing yarn possessing antimicrobial activity |
JP2824130B2 (en) † | 1989-07-25 | 1998-11-11 | 株式会社クラレ | Thermochromic composite fiber |
NL8902223A (en) † | 1989-09-05 | 1991-04-02 | Desseaux H Tapijtfab | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING YARN FOR ARTIFICIAL GRASS FIELDS |
FR2659091B1 (en) † | 1990-03-05 | 1992-07-03 | Schappe Sa | COMPOSITE THREAD WITH HIGH CUT RESISTANCE AND ARTICLES COMPRISING SUCH A COMPOSITE THREAD. |
JPH05505656A (en) † | 1990-03-14 | 1993-08-19 | アライド―シグナル・インコーポレーテッド | Spinning method of high molecular weight polyethylene fiber and spun fiber |
JPH04272222A (en) † | 1991-02-20 | 1992-09-29 | Unitika Ltd | Light-weight conjugate fiber |
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JPH0748778A (en) * | 1993-08-05 | 1995-02-21 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Ground covered with artificial lawn |
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JPH0967772A (en) † | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-11 | Chisso Corp | Fiber having high smoothness, fabric-like material and molding |
JP3002121B2 (en) * | 1995-10-26 | 2000-01-24 | 萩原工業株式会社 | Thread for artificial turf pile |
-
1997
- 1997-07-17 NL NL1006606A patent/NL1006606C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-07-16 WO PCT/NL1998/000413 patent/WO1999004074A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-07-16 ES ES98935399T patent/ES2187985T5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-16 EP EP98935399A patent/EP0996781B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-16 DE DE69808917T patent/DE69808917T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-16 NZ NZ502027A patent/NZ502027A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-07-16 AT AT98935399T patent/ATE226652T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-07-16 AU AU84661/98A patent/AU743445B2/en not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9904074A1 * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008150156A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 | 2008-12-11 | Tapijtfabriek H. Desseaux N.V. | Artificial grass composed of fibres comprising of a core and a cladding, as well as an artificial lawn made up thereof |
EP2143834A1 (en) | 2008-07-10 | 2010-01-13 | Tapijtfabriek H. Desseaux N.V. | Artificial grass fibre |
US8273424B2 (en) | 2008-07-10 | 2012-09-25 | Tapijtfabriek H. Desseaux N.V. | Artificial grass field |
US8834148B2 (en) | 2009-03-12 | 2014-09-16 | Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg | Apparatus for the production of a turf yarn |
US8999213B2 (en) | 2011-10-20 | 2015-04-07 | Tarkett, Inc. | Process for making artificial turf fibers |
WO2016195481A1 (en) | 2015-06-02 | 2016-12-08 | Desso Sports B.V. | Method for inserting fibers into a substrate |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU8466198A (en) | 1999-02-10 |
WO1999004074A1 (en) | 1999-01-28 |
NL1006606C2 (en) | 1999-01-19 |
ES2187985T5 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
EP0996781B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 |
DE69808917T3 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
DE69808917D1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
AU743445B2 (en) | 2002-01-24 |
DE69808917T2 (en) | 2003-06-18 |
NZ502027A (en) | 2000-10-27 |
ATE226652T1 (en) | 2002-11-15 |
EP0996781B1 (en) | 2002-10-23 |
ES2187985T3 (en) | 2003-06-16 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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